[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yogi Berra, a US baseball player\Nand philosopher, said,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"If we don't know where we're going,\Nwe might not get there."
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Accumulating scientific knowledge\Nis giving us greater insights,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,greater clarity into what our future\Nmight look like in a changing climate
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what that could mean for our health.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm here to talk about a related aspect
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on how our emissions of greenhouse gases\Nfrom burning of fossil fuels
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is reducing the nutritional\Nquality of our food.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'll start with the food pyramid.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You all know the food pyramid.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We all need to eat a balanced diet.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to get proteins.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to get micronutrients.\NWe need to get vitamins.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so this is way for us\Nto think about how to make sure
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we get what we need every day
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we can grow and thrive.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we eat not just because we need to,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we also eat for enjoyment.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bread, pasta, pizza,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's a whole range of foods
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are culturally important.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We enjoy eating these.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so they're important for our diet,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they're also important\Nfor our cultures.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Carbon dioxide has been increasing since\Nthe start of the Industrial Revolution,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,increasing from about\N280 parts per million to over 410 today,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it continues to increase.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The carbon that plants need to grow\Ncomes from this carbon dioxide.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They bring it into the plant,\Nthey break it apart
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into the carbon itself,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they use that to grow.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They also need nutrients from the soil.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so yes, carbon dioxide is plant food.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this should be good news,\Nof rising carbon dioxide concentrations,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for food security around the world,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,making sure that people\Nget enough to eat every day.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,About 820 million people in the world\Ndon't get enough to eat every day.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there's a fair amount written\Nabout how higher CO2
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is going to help with\Nour food security problem.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to accelerate our progress\Nin agricultural productivity,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to feed the nine to 10 billion people\Nwho will be alive in 2050
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to achieve the Sustainable\NDevelopment Goals,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,particularly the Goal Number 2,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is on reducing food insecurity,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,increasing nutrition,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,increasing access to the foods\Nthat we need for everyone.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We know that climate change\Nis affecting agricultural productivity.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Earth has warmed\Nabout one degree Centigrade
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since pre-industrial times.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is changing local temperature\Nand precipitation patterns,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that has consequences\Nfor the agricultural productivity
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in many parts of the world.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's not just local changes\Nin temperature and precipitation,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's the extremes,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Extremes in terms of heat waves,\Nfloods and droughts
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are significantly affecting productivity.