WEBVTT

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SAL : Apapun yang sudah dibahas

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selama ini dalam subjek kimia berkutat dikawasan elektron

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yang stabil dan dikawasan dimana elektron

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akan didapati ketika kondisi stabil.

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Dan seperti segala sesuatu di alam semesta ini, jika kamu telusuri

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sebuah atom lebih jauh, kamu akan sadari bahwa

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tidak hanya elektron saja yang ada pada sebuah atom.

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Inti dari atom itu sendiri memiliki interaksi atau ketidakstabilan

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yang harus di-"stabil"-kan dalam waktu tertentu.

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Itu yang akan kita bahas

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di video ini.

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Dan sebenarnya seluk beluk tentang ini samasekali

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berada di luar kuliah kimia tahun pertama,

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tapi cukup bagus untuk memahami apa yang sebenarnya terjadi.

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Dan suatu hari ketika kita mulai mempelajari gaya nuklir kuat,

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dan fisika kuantum, dan segalanya yang semacam itu, maka kita dapat mulai membicarakan

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apa sebenarnya yang dimaksud dengan proton dan neutron itu,

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dan unsur-unsur kuark yang berinteraksi

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sebagaimana cara mereka berinteraksi.

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Tapi dengan awal pembahasan seperti itu, mari setidaknya mulai berpikir tentang

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berbagai cara sebuah nukleus pada dasarnya dapat mengalami decay (peluruhan)

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Jadi, katakanlah saya punya sekumpulan proton.

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Saya akan gambarkan ilustrasinya disini.

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Beberapa proton, dan beberapa neutron.

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Saya gambarkan nutron dengan warna yang berkesan netral.

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Mungkin, warna yang keabu-abuan bagus.

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Jadi saya gambarkan beberapa neutron disini.

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Berapa banyak proton yang saya punya?

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Saya punya, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 proton.

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Maka saya akan punya 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 neutron.

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Jadi, katakanlah ini adalah nukleus dari atom kita ini.

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Dan ingat ini --dan ini, kamu sudah tahu ini pertama kali tadi--

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adalah nukleus, jika kamu akan menggambar atom dalam

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bentuk sebenarnya --sebenarnya sangat sulit menggambar bentuk atom

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secara nyata karena batasan atom yang tidak jelas.

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Seperti yang kamu tahu, elektron pada waktu tertentu,

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dapat berada di mana saja.

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Tapi, jika kamu tanyakan, OK, 90% dari waktu yang ada, akan

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berada dimanakah letak elektron tersebut?

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Kamu akan mengatakan bahwa itulah jari-jari, atau

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diameter dari atom tersebut.

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Kita sudah tahu dari video yang paling pertama bahwa

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nukleus itu sangat sangat kecil sekali bila dibandingkan dengan keseluruhan volume,

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tempat dimana elektron akan berada di 90% dari waktu yang ditentukan.

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Dan pendekatan yang paling aman untuk hal itu adalah bahwa hampir semua

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yang kita lihat di kehidupan ini hanya berupa, ruang bebas terbuka.

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Semua ini hanyalah ruang bebas terbuka.

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Tapi saya ingin mengingatkan kembali bahwa

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titik yang sangat sangat kecil yang tadi kita bahas, meskipun

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bila dibandingkan dengan voume keseluruhan atom, dia sangat kecil,

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tapi dia sebenarnya memiliki hampir keseluruhan

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massa atom tersebut --itu yang ingin saya tekankan disini.

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Bagian ber-massa besar ini bukan atom, bukan juga elektron.

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Kita disini mengamati lebih detil tentang nukleus.

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Dan maka dari itu, nukleus itu terkadang juga

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mengalami sedikit ketidakstabilan, dan nukleus juga ingin

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agar konfigurasinya berubah lebih stabil.

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Kita tidak akan penjang lebar menjelaskan tentang

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apa yang disebut dengan ketidakstabilan nukleus.

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Tapi untuk berubah menjadi nukleus yang stabil,

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kadang nukleus memancarkan apa yang disebut dengan partikel alpha, atau

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disebut peluruhan alpha (alpha decay).

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Alpha decay (peluruhan alfa).

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Dan alpha decay ini memancarkan partikel alfa

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