1
00:00:00,690 --> 00:00:03,660
SAL : Apapun yang sudah dibahas

2
00:00:03,660 --> 00:00:06,410
selama ini dalam subjek kimia berkutat dikawasan elektron

3
00:00:06,410 --> 00:00:08,420
yang stabil dan dikawasan dimana elektron

4
00:00:08,420 --> 00:00:10,340
akan didapati ketika kondisi stabil.

5
00:00:10,340 --> 00:00:14,030
Dan seperti segala sesuatu di alam semesta ini, jika kamu telusuri

6
00:00:14,030 --> 00:00:16,400
sebuah atom lebih jauh, kamu akan sadari bahwa

7
00:00:16,400 --> 00:00:19,250
tidak hanya elektron saja yang ada pada sebuah atom.

8
00:00:19,250 --> 00:00:24,250
Inti dari atom itu sendiri memiliki interaksi atau ketidakstabilan

9
00:00:24,250 --> 00:00:27,140
yang harus di-"stabil"-kan dalam waktu tertentu.

10
00:00:27,140 --> 00:00:28,740
Itu yang akan kita bahas

11
00:00:28,740 --> 00:00:31,420
di video ini.

12
00:00:31,420 --> 00:00:35,110
Dan sebenarnya seluk beluk tentang ini samasekali

13
00:00:35,110 --> 00:00:37,450
berada di luar kuliah kimia tahun pertama,

14
00:00:37,450 --> 00:00:39,570
tapi cukup bagus untuk memahami apa yang sebenarnya terjadi.

15
00:00:39,570 --> 00:00:43,110
Dan suatu hari ketika kita mulai mempelajari gaya nuklir kuat,

16
00:00:43,110 --> 00:00:45,570
dan fisika kuantum, dan segalanya yang semacam itu, maka kita dapat mulai membicarakan

17
00:00:45,570 --> 00:00:49,280
apa sebenarnya yang dimaksud dengan proton dan neutron itu,

18
00:00:49,280 --> 00:00:52,810
dan unsur-unsur kuark yang berinteraksi

19
00:00:52,810 --> 00:00:53,530
sebagaimana cara mereka berinteraksi.

20
00:00:53,530 --> 00:00:55,500
Tapi dengan awal pembahasan seperti itu, mari setidaknya mulai berpikir tentang

21
00:00:55,500 --> 00:01:00,890
berbagai cara sebuah nukleus pada dasarnya dapat mengalami decay (peluruhan)

22
00:01:00,890 --> 00:01:03,880
Jadi, katakanlah saya punya sekumpulan proton.

23
00:01:03,880 --> 00:01:06,830
Saya akan gambarkan ilustrasinya disini.

24
00:01:06,830 --> 00:01:09,590
Beberapa proton, dan beberapa neutron.

25
00:01:09,590 --> 00:01:13,430
Saya gambarkan nutron dengan warna yang berkesan netral.

26
00:01:13,430 --> 00:01:16,780
Mungkin, warna yang keabu-abuan bagus.

27
00:01:16,780 --> 00:01:21,520
Jadi saya gambarkan beberapa neutron disini.

28
00:01:21,520 --> 00:01:22,020
Berapa banyak proton yang saya punya?

29
00:01:22,020 --> 00:01:24,300
Saya punya, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 proton.

30
00:01:24,300 --> 00:01:32,410
Maka saya akan punya 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 neutron.

31
00:01:32,410 --> 00:01:34,870
Jadi, katakanlah ini adalah nukleus dari atom kita ini.

32
00:01:34,870 --> 00:01:36,960
Dan ingat ini --dan ini, kamu sudah tahu ini pertama kali tadi--

33
00:01:36,960 --> 00:01:39,860
adalah nukleus, jika kamu akan menggambar atom dalam

34
00:01:39,860 --> 00:01:43,320
bentuk sebenarnya --sebenarnya sangat sulit menggambar bentuk atom

35
00:01:43,320 --> 00:01:45,440
secara nyata karena batasan atom yang tidak jelas.

36
00:01:45,440 --> 00:01:49,050
Seperti yang kamu tahu, elektron pada waktu tertentu,

37
00:01:49,050 --> 00:01:49,980
dapat berada di mana saja.

38
00:01:49,980 --> 00:01:52,740
Tapi, jika kamu tanyakan, OK, 90% dari waktu yang ada, akan

39
00:01:52,740 --> 00:01:53,700
berada dimanakah letak elektron tersebut?

40
00:01:53,700 --> 00:01:55,680
Kamu akan mengatakan bahwa itulah jari-jari, atau

41
00:01:55,680 --> 00:01:57,750
diameter dari atom tersebut.

42
00:01:57,750 --> 00:02:00,530
Kita sudah tahu dari video yang paling pertama bahwa

43
00:02:00,530 --> 00:02:05,450
nukleus itu sangat sangat kecil sekali bila dibandingkan dengan keseluruhan volume,

44
00:02:05,450 --> 00:02:08,340
tempat dimana elektron akan berada di 90% dari waktu yang ditentukan.

45
00:02:08,340 --> 00:02:12,080
Dan pendekatan yang paling aman untuk hal itu adalah bahwa hampir semua

46
00:02:12,080 --> 00:02:15,280
yang kita lihat di kehidupan ini hanya berupa, ruang bebas terbuka.

47
00:02:15,280 --> 00:02:17,030
Semua ini hanyalah ruang bebas terbuka.

48
00:02:17,030 --> 00:02:19,400
Tapi saya ingin mengingatkan kembali bahwa

49
00:02:19,400 --> 00:02:23,660
titik yang sangat sangat kecil yang tadi kita bahas, meskipun

50
00:02:23,660 --> 00:02:26,320
bila dibandingkan dengan voume keseluruhan atom, dia sangat kecil,

51
00:02:26,320 --> 00:02:29,030
tapi dia sebenarnya memiliki hampir keseluruhan

52
00:02:29,030 --> 00:02:31,890
massa atom tersebut --itu yang ingin saya tekankan disini.

53
00:02:31,890 --> 00:02:34,240
Bagian ber-massa besar ini bukan atom, bukan juga elektron.

54
00:02:34,240 --> 00:02:36,580
Kita disini mengamati lebih detil tentang nukleus.

55
00:02:36,580 --> 00:02:40,040
Dan maka dari itu, nukleus itu terkadang juga

56
00:02:40,040 --> 00:02:43,650
mengalami sedikit ketidakstabilan, dan nukleus juga ingin

57
00:02:43,650 --> 00:02:44,400
agar konfigurasinya berubah lebih stabil.

58
00:02:44,400 --> 00:02:46,600
Kita tidak akan penjang lebar menjelaskan tentang

59
00:02:46,600 --> 00:02:48,700
apa yang disebut dengan ketidakstabilan nukleus.

60
00:02:48,700 --> 00:02:51,880
Tapi untuk berubah menjadi nukleus yang stabil,

61
00:02:51,880 --> 00:02:55,820
kadang nukleus memancarkan apa yang disebut dengan partikel alpha, atau

62
00:02:55,820 --> 00:02:58,470
disebut peluruhan alpha (alpha decay).

63
00:02:58,470 --> 00:03:04,440
Alpha decay (peluruhan alfa).

64
00:03:04,440 --> 00:03:06,220
Dan alpha decay ini memancarkan partikel alfa

65
00:03:06,220 --> 00:03:09,160


66
00:03:09,160 --> 00:03:12,450


67
00:03:12,450 --> 00:03:16,690


68
00:03:16,690 --> 00:03:20,850


69
00:03:20,850 --> 00:03:25,110


70
00:03:25,110 --> 00:03:27,740


71
00:03:27,740 --> 00:03:30,070


72
00:03:30,070 --> 00:03:33,870


73
00:03:33,870 --> 00:03:36,050


74
00:03:36,050 --> 00:03:38,500


75
00:03:38,500 --> 00:03:40,310


76
00:03:40,310 --> 00:03:43,020


77
00:03:43,020 --> 00:03:45,660


78
00:03:45,660 --> 00:03:47,800


79
00:03:47,800 --> 00:03:51,550


80
00:03:51,550 --> 00:03:55,510


81
00:03:55,510 --> 00:03:59,480


82
00:03:59,480 --> 00:04:06,590


83
00:04:06,590 --> 00:04:08,180


84
00:04:08,180 --> 00:04:11,890


85
00:04:11,890 --> 00:04:16,040


86
00:04:16,040 --> 00:04:19,450


87
00:04:19,450 --> 00:04:21,320


88
00:04:21,320 --> 00:04:27,100


89
00:04:27,100 --> 00:04:28,940


90
00:04:28,940 --> 00:04:31,080


91
00:04:31,080 --> 00:04:32,700


92
00:04:32,700 --> 00:04:34,710


93
00:04:34,710 --> 00:04:36,250


94
00:04:36,250 --> 00:04:40,630


95
00:04:40,630 --> 00:04:43,300


96
00:04:43,300 --> 00:04:44,460


97
00:04:44,460 --> 00:04:46,860


98
00:04:46,860 --> 00:04:50,590


99
00:04:50,590 --> 00:04:54,050


100
00:04:54,050 --> 00:04:58,600


101
00:04:58,600 --> 00:05:00,340


102
00:05:00,340 --> 00:05:02,740


103
00:05:02,740 --> 00:05:04,790


104
00:05:04,790 --> 00:05:05,830


105
00:05:05,830 --> 00:05:09,810


106
00:05:09,810 --> 00:05:12,170


107
00:05:12,170 --> 00:05:14,740


108
00:05:14,740 --> 00:05:14,880


109
00:05:14,880 --> 00:05:17,020


110
00:05:17,020 --> 00:05:19,680


111
00:05:19,680 --> 00:05:23,280


112
00:05:23,280 --> 00:05:25,590


113
00:05:25,590 --> 00:05:29,390


114
00:05:29,390 --> 00:05:30,080


115
00:05:30,080 --> 00:05:34,955


116
00:05:34,955 --> 00:05:39,170


117
00:05:39,170 --> 00:05:43,420


118
00:05:43,420 --> 00:05:44,950


119
00:05:44,950 --> 00:05:48,490


120
00:05:48,490 --> 00:05:53,320


121
00:05:53,320 --> 00:05:59,110


122
00:05:59,110 --> 00:06:01,960


123
00:06:01,960 --> 00:06:05,780


124
00:06:05,780 --> 00:06:07,670


125
00:06:07,670 --> 00:06:08,850


126
00:06:08,850 --> 00:06:14,050


127
00:06:14,050 --> 00:06:17,640


128
00:06:17,640 --> 00:06:24,200


129
00:06:24,200 --> 00:06:27,920


130
00:06:27,920 --> 00:06:30,710


131
00:06:30,710 --> 00:06:33,710


132
00:06:33,710 --> 00:06:34,560


133
00:06:34,560 --> 00:06:37,780


134
00:06:37,780 --> 00:06:39,220


135
00:06:39,220 --> 00:06:42,640


136
00:06:42,640 --> 00:06:43,870


137
00:06:43,870 --> 00:06:46,860


138
00:06:46,860 --> 00:06:49,180


139
00:06:49,180 --> 00:06:52,060


140
00:06:52,060 --> 00:06:54,070


141
00:06:54,070 --> 00:06:55,760


142
00:06:55,760 --> 00:06:56,900


143
00:06:56,900 --> 00:06:58,050


144
00:06:58,050 --> 00:06:58,810


145
00:06:58,810 --> 00:07:01,750


146
00:07:01,750 --> 00:07:03,540


147
00:07:03,540 --> 00:07:08,880


148
00:07:08,880 --> 00:07:12,736


149
00:07:12,736 --> 00:07:15,460


150
00:07:15,460 --> 00:07:17,830


151
00:07:17,830 --> 00:07:19,970


152
00:07:19,970 --> 00:07:25,130


153
00:07:25,130 --> 00:07:25,940


154
00:07:25,940 --> 00:07:27,250


155
00:07:27,250 --> 00:07:29,380


156
00:07:29,380 --> 00:07:32,670


157
00:07:32,670 --> 00:07:34,370


158
00:07:34,370 --> 00:07:35,200


159
00:07:35,200 --> 00:07:36,570


160
00:07:36,570 --> 00:07:39,760


161
00:07:39,760 --> 00:07:44,490


162
00:07:44,490 --> 00:07:52,500


163
00:07:52,500 --> 00:07:56,780


164
00:07:56,780 --> 00:08:00,480


165
00:08:00,480 --> 00:08:03,940


166
00:08:03,940 --> 00:08:05,980


167
00:08:05,980 --> 00:08:08,340


168
00:08:08,340 --> 00:08:09,660


169
00:08:09,660 --> 00:08:13,480


170
00:08:13,480 --> 00:08:15,490


171
00:08:15,490 --> 00:08:18,890


172
00:08:18,890 --> 00:08:20,500


173
00:08:20,500 --> 00:08:23,410


174
00:08:23,410 --> 00:08:25,186


175
00:08:25,186 --> 00:08:26,720


176
00:08:26,720 --> 00:08:28,750


177
00:08:28,750 --> 00:08:30,365


178
00:08:30,365 --> 00:08:32,380


179
00:08:32,380 --> 00:08:36,789


180
00:08:36,789 --> 00:08:39,909


181
00:08:39,909 --> 00:08:42,679


182
00:08:42,679 --> 00:08:44,039


183
00:08:44,039 --> 00:08:47,975


184
00:08:47,975 --> 00:08:49,470


185
00:08:49,470 --> 00:08:52,530


186
00:08:52,530 --> 00:08:57,360


187
00:08:57,360 --> 00:09:00,750


188
00:09:00,750 --> 00:09:02,240


189
00:09:02,240 --> 00:09:04,170


190
00:09:04,170 --> 00:09:13,910


191
00:09:13,910 --> 00:09:15,660


192
00:09:15,660 --> 00:09:17,160


193
00:09:17,160 --> 00:09:19,770


194
00:09:19,770 --> 00:09:23,660


195
00:09:23,660 --> 00:09:27,340


196
00:09:27,340 --> 00:09:31,020


197
00:09:31,020 --> 00:09:33,070


198
00:09:33,070 --> 00:09:34,670


199
00:09:34,670 --> 00:09:36,390


200
00:09:36,390 --> 00:09:38,610


201
00:09:38,610 --> 00:09:42,890


202
00:09:42,890 --> 00:09:46,200


203
00:09:46,200 --> 00:09:47,830


204
00:09:47,830 --> 00:09:50,006


205
00:09:50,006 --> 00:09:51,720


206
00:09:51,720 --> 00:09:52,630


207
00:09:52,630 --> 00:09:54,440


208
00:09:54,440 --> 00:09:56,720


209
00:09:56,720 --> 00:09:59,500


210
00:09:59,500 --> 00:10:00,830


211
00:10:00,830 --> 00:10:04,990


212
00:10:04,990 --> 00:10:08,450


213
00:10:08,450 --> 00:10:10,210


214
00:10:10,210 --> 00:10:11,730


215
00:10:11,730 --> 00:10:15,920


216
00:10:15,920 --> 00:10:19,370


217
00:10:19,370 --> 00:10:26,330


218
00:10:26,330 --> 00:10:29,160


219
00:10:29,160 --> 00:10:31,350


220
00:10:31,350 --> 00:10:33,510


221
00:10:33,510 --> 00:10:37,880


222
00:10:37,880 --> 00:10:41,500


223
00:10:41,500 --> 00:10:43,190


224
00:10:43,190 --> 00:10:46,060


225
00:10:46,060 --> 00:10:47,770


226
00:10:47,770 --> 00:10:49,620


227
00:10:49,620 --> 00:10:51,030


228
00:10:51,030 --> 00:10:55,020


229
00:10:55,020 --> 00:10:57,550


230
00:10:57,550 --> 00:11:00,500


231
00:11:00,500 --> 00:11:03,230


232
00:11:03,230 --> 00:11:04,150


233
00:11:04,150 --> 00:11:06,700


234
00:11:06,700 --> 00:11:09,070


235
00:11:09,070 --> 00:11:12,440


236
00:11:12,440 --> 00:11:14,700


237
00:11:14,700 --> 00:11:16,300


238
00:11:16,300 --> 00:11:17,510


239
00:11:17,510 --> 00:11:20,460


240
00:11:20,460 --> 00:11:22,060


241
00:11:22,060 --> 00:11:29,430


242
00:11:29,430 --> 00:11:30,670


243
00:11:30,670 --> 00:11:32,660


244
00:11:32,660 --> 00:11:33,890


245
00:11:33,890 --> 00:11:35,810


246
00:11:35,810 --> 00:11:38,170


247
00:11:38,170 --> 00:11:39,140


248
00:11:39,140 --> 00:11:42,810


249
00:11:42,810 --> 00:11:43,970


250
00:11:43,970 --> 00:11:46,940


251
00:11:46,940 --> 00:11:48,350


252
00:11:48,350 --> 00:11:50,160


253
00:11:50,160 --> 00:11:52,510


254
00:11:52,510 --> 00:11:52,795


255
00:11:52,795 --> 00:11:54,460


256
00:11:54,460 --> 00:11:57,990


257
00:11:57,990 --> 00:12:03,180


258
00:12:03,180 --> 00:12:05,820


259
00:12:05,820 --> 00:12:08,230


260
00:12:08,230 --> 00:12:09,450


261
00:12:09,450 --> 00:12:11,720


262
00:12:11,720 --> 00:12:15,460


263
00:12:15,460 --> 00:12:17,130


264
00:12:17,130 --> 00:12:20,000


265
00:12:20,000 --> 00:12:21,750


266
00:12:21,750 --> 00:12:24,400


267
00:12:24,400 --> 00:12:26,900


268
00:12:26,900 --> 00:12:30,520


269
00:12:30,520 --> 00:12:31,440


270
00:12:31,440 --> 00:12:36,000


271
00:12:36,000 --> 00:12:42,240


272
00:12:42,240 --> 00:12:45,130


273
00:12:45,130 --> 00:12:46,840


274
00:12:46,840 --> 00:12:49,100


275
00:12:49,100 --> 00:12:50,960


276
00:12:50,960 --> 00:12:52,770


277
00:12:52,770 --> 00:12:54,960


278
00:12:54,960 --> 00:12:57,410


279
00:12:57,410 --> 00:12:58,560


280
00:12:58,560 --> 00:13:00,940


281
00:13:00,940 --> 00:13:04,040


282
00:13:04,040 --> 00:13:07,140


283
00:13:07,140 --> 00:13:09,760


284
00:13:09,760 --> 00:13:10,830


285
00:13:10,830 --> 00:13:12,400


286
00:13:12,400 --> 00:13:19,870


287
00:13:19,870 --> 00:13:25,140


288
00:13:25,140 --> 00:13:28,910


289
00:13:28,910 --> 00:13:31,270


290
00:13:31,270 --> 00:13:33,810


291
00:13:33,810 --> 00:13:37,390


292
00:13:37,390 --> 00:13:39,680


293
00:13:39,680 --> 00:13:42,210


294
00:13:42,210 --> 00:13:46,100


295
00:13:46,100 --> 00:13:48,400


296
00:13:48,400 --> 00:13:51,110


297
00:13:51,110 --> 00:13:51,850


298
00:13:51,850 --> 00:13:56,630


299
00:13:56,630 --> 00:13:59,430


300
00:13:59,430 --> 00:14:02,750


301
00:14:02,750 --> 00:14:08,270


302
00:14:08,270 --> 00:14:09,090


303
00:14:09,090 --> 00:14:10,390


304
00:14:10,390 --> 00:14:12,700


305
00:14:12,700 --> 00:14:15,180


306
00:14:15,180 --> 00:14:19,510


307
00:14:19,510 --> 00:14:22,290


308
00:14:22,290 --> 00:14:25,050


309
00:14:25,050 --> 00:14:26,840


310
00:14:26,840 --> 00:14:30,480


311
00:14:30,480 --> 00:14:33,040


312
00:14:33,040 --> 00:14:36,880


313
00:14:36,880 --> 00:14:38,460


314
00:14:38,460 --> 00:14:40,305


315
00:14:40,305 --> 00:14:42,250


316
00:14:42,250 --> 00:14:45,810


317
00:14:45,820 --> 00:14:46,670


318
00:14:46,670 --> 00:14:51,020


319
00:14:51,020 --> 00:14:53,790


320
00:14:53,790 --> 00:14:55,560


321
00:14:55,560 --> 00:14:58,810


322
00:14:58,810 --> 00:15:00,800


323
00:15:00,800 --> 00:15:04,060


324
00:15:04,060 --> 00:15:06,830


325
00:15:06,830 --> 00:15:09,160


326
00:15:09,160 --> 00:15:11,620


327
00:15:11,620 --> 00:15:13,360


328
00:15:13,360 --> 00:15:16,880


329
00:15:16,880 --> 00:15:19,130


330
00:15:19,130 --> 00:15:25,570


331
00:15:25,580 --> 00:15:26,750


332
00:15:26,750 --> 00:15:32,780


333
00:15:32,780 --> 00:15:34,440


334
00:15:34,440 --> 00:15:35,750


335
00:15:35,750 --> 00:15:36,480


336
00:15:36,480 --> 00:15:40,810


337
00:15:40,810 --> 00:15:42,740


338
00:15:42,740 --> 00:15:45,950


339
00:15:45,950 --> 00:15:47,080


340
00:15:47,080 --> 00:15:48,890


341
00:15:48,890 --> 00:15:51,690


342
00:15:51,690 --> 00:15:52,900


343
00:15:52,900 --> 00:15:57,210


344
00:15:57,210 --> 00:16:01,720


345
00:16:01,720 --> 00:16:03,540


346
00:16:03,540 --> 00:16:08,380


347
00:16:08,380 --> 00:16:11,220


348
00:16:11,220 --> 00:16:15,120


349
00:16:15,120 --> 00:16:15,910


350
00:16:15,910 --> 00:16:19,540


351
00:16:19,540 --> 00:16:21,590


352
00:16:21,590 --> 00:16:24,000


353
00:16:24,000 --> 00:16:27,170


354
00:16:27,170 --> 00:16:27,730


355
00:16:27,730 --> 00:16:31,430


356
00:16:31,430 --> 00:16:33,880


357
00:16:33,880 --> 00:16:35,090


358
00:16:35,090 --> 00:16:35,930


359
00:16:35,930 --> 00:16:39,210


360
00:16:39,210 --> 00:16:41,430


361
00:16:41,430 --> 00:16:44,580


362
00:16:44,580 --> 00:16:47,070


363
00:16:47,070 --> 00:16:51,160


364
00:16:51,160 --> 00:16:52,100


365
00:16:52,100 --> 00:16:55,950


366
00:16:55,950 --> 00:16:57,810


367
00:16:57,810 --> 00:16:59,145


368
00:16:59,145 --> 00:17:00,820


369
00:17:00,820 --> 00:17:02,990