[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.36,0:00:04.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In half a century of trying to help prevent wars,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.49,0:00:08.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's one question that never leaves me:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.02,0:00:11.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do we deal with extreme violence
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.72,0:00:15.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without using force in return?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.23,0:00:17.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you're faced with brutality,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.78,0:00:20.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether it's a child facing a bully on a playground
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.69,0:00:22.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or domestic violence --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.39,0:00:25.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or, on the streets of Syria today,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.31,0:00:27.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,facing tanks and shrapnel,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.86,0:00:31.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what's the most effective thing to do?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.21,0:00:33.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fight back? Give in?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.80,0:00:37.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Use more force?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.18,0:00:41.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This question: "How do I deal with a bully
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.14,0:00:44.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without becoming a thug in return?"
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.89,0:00:47.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has been with me ever since I was a child.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.90,0:00:50.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I remember I was about 13,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.46,0:00:55.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,glued to a grainy black and white television in my parents' living room
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.44,0:00:59.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as Soviet tanks rolled into Budapest,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.71,0:01:02.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and kids not much older than me
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.50,0:01:05.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were throwing themselves at the tanks
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.01,0:01:07.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and getting mown down.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.17,0:01:10.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I rushed upstairs and started packing my suitcase.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.98,0:01:13.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And my mother came up and said, "What on Earth are you doing?"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.69,0:01:15.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I said, "I'm going to Budapest."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.97,0:01:18.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And she said, "What on Earth for?"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.60,0:01:20.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I said, "Kids are getting killed there.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.65,0:01:22.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's something terrible happening."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.51,0:01:24.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And she said, "Don't be so silly."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.52,0:01:27.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I started to cry.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.12,0:01:29.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And she got it, she said,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.34,0:01:31.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Okay, I see it's serious.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.10,0:01:33.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're much too young to help.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.94,0:01:36.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You need training. I'll help you.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.57,0:01:38.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But just unpack your suitcase."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.74,0:01:42.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so I got some training
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.30,0:01:46.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and went and worked in Africa during most of my 20s.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.24,0:01:49.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I realized that what I really needed to know
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.94,0:01:52.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I couldn't get from training courses.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.34,0:01:54.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wanted to understand
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.52,0:01:58.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how violence, how oppression, works.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.97,0:02:03.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what I've discovered since is this:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.92,0:02:07.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bullies use violence in three ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.99,0:02:13.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They use political violence to intimidate,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.29,0:02:18.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,physical violence to terrorize
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.70,0:02:26.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and mental or emotional violence to undermine.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.23,0:02:29.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And only very rarely in very few cases
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.46,0:02:32.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,does it work to use more violence.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.97,0:02:39.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nelson Mandela went to jail believing in violence,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.18,0:02:41.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and 27 years later
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.20,0:02:43.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he and his colleagues
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.19,0:02:45.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had slowly and carefully
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.17,0:02:50.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,honed the skills, the incredible skills, that they needed
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.14,0:02:54.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to turn one of the most vicious governments the world has known
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.34,0:02:56.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into a democracy.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.20,0:03:00.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they did it in a total devotion to non-violence.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.94,0:03:08.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They realized that using force against force
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.10,0:03:13.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doesn't work.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.30,0:03:15.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what does work?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.49,0:03:18.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over time I've collected about a half-dozen methods
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.96,0:03:20.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that do work -- of course there are many more --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.80,0:03:23.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that do work and that are effective.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.14,0:03:24.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the first is
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.51,0:03:27.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the change that has to take place
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.03,0:03:31.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has to take place here, inside me.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.49,0:03:35.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's my response, my attitude, to oppression
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.59,0:03:38.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I've got control over,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.44,0:03:40.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that I can do something about.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.74,0:03:44.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what I need to develop is self-knowledge to do that.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.92,0:03:47.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That means I need to know how I tick,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.42,0:03:49.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I collapse,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.68,0:03:54.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where my formidable points are,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.01,0:03:56.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where my weaker points are.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.51,0:03:57.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When do I give in?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.98,0:04:03.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What will I stand up for?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.24,0:04:08.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And meditation or self-inspection
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.38,0:04:10.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is one of the ways -- again it's not the only one --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.91,0:04:12.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's one of the ways
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.03,0:04:16.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of gaining this kind of inner power.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.15,0:04:18.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And my heroine here -- like Satish's --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.63,0:04:21.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is Aung San Suu Kyi in Burma.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.66,0:04:25.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She was leading a group of students
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.29,0:04:27.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on a protest in the streets of Rangoon.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.69,0:04:31.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They came around a corner faced with a row of machine guns.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.88,0:04:33.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And she realized straight away
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.04,0:04:36.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the soldiers with their fingers shaking on the triggers
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.96,0:04:42.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were more scared than the student protesters behind her.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.66,0:04:45.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But she told the students to sit down.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.36,0:04:52.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And she walked forward with such calm and such clarity
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.66,0:04:56.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and such total lack of fear
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.11,0:05:00.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that she could walk right up to the first gun,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.21,0:05:04.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,put her hand on it and lower it.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.56,0:05:12.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And no one got killed.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.10,0:05:16.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's what the mastery of fear can do --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.04,0:05:18.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not only faced with machine guns,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.34,0:05:22.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but if you meet a knife fight in the street.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.51,0:05:24.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we have to practice.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.87,0:05:26.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what about our fear?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.77,0:05:31.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have a little mantra.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.73,0:05:35.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My fear grows fat
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.17,0:05:37.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the energy I feed it.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.38,0:05:39.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if it grows very big
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.67,0:05:42.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it probably happens.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.03,0:05:46.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we all know the three o'clock in the morning syndrome,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.47,0:05:49.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when something you've been worrying about wakes you up --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.18,0:05:51.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I see a lot of people --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.57,0:05:55.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for an hour you toss and turn,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.18,0:05:56.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it gets worse and worse,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.86,0:05:59.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and by four o'clock you're pinned to the pillow
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.98,0:06:02.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by a monster this big.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.19,0:06:04.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The only thing to do
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.12,0:06:05.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to get up, make a cup of tea
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.96,0:06:11.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sit down with the fear like a child beside you.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.27,0:06:13.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're the adult.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.75,0:06:15.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The fear is the child.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.64,0:06:17.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you talk to the fear
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.08,0:06:20.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you ask it what it wants, what it needs.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.27,0:06:24.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How can this be made better?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.89,0:06:26.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How can the child feel stronger?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.64,0:06:28.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you make a plan.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.09,0:06:30.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you say, "Okay, now we're going back to sleep.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.09,0:06:33.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Half-past seven, we're getting up and that's what we're going to do."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.86,0:06:39.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had one of these 3 a.m. episodes on Sunday --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.61,0:06:43.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,paralyzed with fear at coming to talk to you.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.59,0:06:45.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.59,0:06:47.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I did the thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.10,0:06:51.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I got up, made the cup of tea, sat down with it, did it all
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.22,0:06:55.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm here -- still partly paralyzed, but I'm here.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.38,0:06:59.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.78,0:07:02.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's fear. What about anger?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.30,0:07:06.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wherever there is injustice there's anger.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.70,0:07:09.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But anger is like gasoline,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.55,0:07:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if you spray it around and somebody lights a match,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.00,0:07:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you've got an inferno.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.00,0:07:20.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But anger as an engine -- in an engine -- is powerful.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.12,0:07:24.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we can put our anger inside an engine,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.28,0:07:26.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it can drive us forward,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.07,0:07:29.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it can get us through the dreadful moments
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.05,0:07:33.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it can give us real inner power.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.02,0:07:36.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I learned this in my work
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.14,0:07:38.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with nuclear weapon policy-makers.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.40,0:07:41.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because at the beginning I was so outraged
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.12,0:07:44.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the dangers they were exposing us to
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.43,0:07:49.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I just wanted to argue and blame and make them wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.57,0:07:52.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Totally ineffective.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.10,0:07:55.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In order to develop a dialogue for change
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.85,0:07:57.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have to deal with our anger.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.92,0:08:02.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's okay to be angry with the thing --
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.60,0:08:04.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the nuclear weapons in this case --
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.70,0:08:08.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it is hopeless to be angry with the people.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.55,0:08:11.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are human beings just like us.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.17,0:08:13.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they're doing what they think is best.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.82,0:08:17.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's the basis on which we have to talk with them.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.80,0:08:20.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's the third one, anger.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.72,0:08:22.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it brings me to the crux
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.12,0:08:25.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of what's going on, or what I perceive as going on,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.35,0:08:26.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the world today,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.42,0:08:30.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is that last century was top-down power.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.43,0:08:34.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was still governments telling people what to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.70,0:08:36.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This century there's a shift.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.73,0:08:40.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's bottom-up or grassroots power.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.62,0:08:43.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's like mushrooms coming through concrete.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.83,0:08:50.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's people joining up with people, as Bundy just said, miles away
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.51,0:08:52.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to bring about change.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.79,0:08:57.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Peace Direct spotted quite early on
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.05,0:09:00.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that local people in areas of very hot conflict
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.60,0:09:03.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,know what to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.04,0:09:05.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They know best what to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.26,0:09:08.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Peace Direct gets behind them to do that.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.54,0:09:10.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the kind of thing they're doing
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.74,0:09:13.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is demobilizing militias,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.90,0:09:16.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rebuilding economies,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.51,0:09:18.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,resettling refugees,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.86,0:09:24.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even liberating child soldiers.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.36,0:09:27.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they have to risk their lives almost every day
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.22,0:09:30.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to do this.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.44,0:09:34.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what they've realized
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.26,0:09:39.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that using violence in the situations they operate in
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.19,0:09:43.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is not only less humane,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.71,0:09:45.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's less effective
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.84,0:09:52.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than using methods that connect people with people, that rebuild.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.38,0:09:56.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think that the U.S. military
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.31,0:10:03.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is finally beginning to get this.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.19,0:10:05.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Up to now their counter-terrorism policy
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.90,0:10:10.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has been to kill insurgents at almost any cost,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.73,0:10:13.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if civilians get in the way,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.93,0:10:18.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's written as "collateral damage."
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.20,0:10:24.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is so infuriating and humiliating
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.93,0:10:27.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the population of Afghanistan,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.28,0:10:31.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it makes the recruitment for al-Qaeda very easy,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.63,0:10:34.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when people are so disgusted by, for example,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.80,0:10:37.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the burning of the Koran.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.18,0:10:40.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the training of the troops has to change.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.18,0:10:45.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think there are signs that it is beginning to change.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.29,0:10:48.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The British military have always been much better at this.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.07,0:10:53.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there is one magnificent example for them to take their cue from,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.75,0:10:56.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's a brilliant U.S. lieutenant colonel
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.92,0:10:58.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called Chris Hughes.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.59,0:11:02.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he was leading his men down the streets of Najaf --
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.80,0:11:04.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Iraq actually --
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.97,0:11:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and suddenly people were pouring out of the houses on either side of the road,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.00,0:11:14.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,screaming, yelling, furiously angry,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.60,0:11:19.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and surrounded these very young troops who were completely terrified,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.07,0:11:21.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,didn't know what was going on, couldn't speak Arabic.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.57,0:11:25.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Chris Hughes strode into the middle of the throng
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.82,0:11:29.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with his weapon above his head, pointing at the ground,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.69,0:11:31.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he said, "Kneel."
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.39,0:11:34.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these huge soldiers
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.19,0:11:36.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with their backpacks and their body armor,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.82,0:11:41.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wobbled to the ground.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.30,0:11:47.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And complete silence fell.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.38,0:11:49.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And after about two minutes,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.94,0:11:54.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everybody moved aside and went home.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.21,0:11:59.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now that to me is wisdom in action.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.70,0:12:03.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the moment, that's what he did.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.86,0:12:09.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's happening everywhere now.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:09.62,0:12:11.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You don't believe me?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.53,0:12:15.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Have you asked yourselves
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.19,0:12:19.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why and how so many dictatorships have collapsed
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.63,0:12:22.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over the last 30 years?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.98,0:12:28.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dictatorships in Czechoslovakia, East Germany,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.05,0:12:32.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.26,0:12:35.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mali, Madagascar,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.15,0:12:38.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Poland, the Philippines,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.93,0:12:44.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Serbia, Slovenia, I could go on,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.02,0:12:48.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and now Tunisia and Egypt.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.61,0:12:52.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this hasn't just happened.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.66,0:12:55.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A lot of it is due to a book
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.81,0:13:00.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,written by an 80-year-old man in Boston, Gene Sharp.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.27,0:13:04.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He wrote a book called "From Dictatorship to Democracy"
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.29,0:13:09.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with 81 methodologies for non-violent resistance.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.68,0:13:11.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's been translated into 26 languages.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.77,0:13:13.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's flown around the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.86,0:13:21.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's being used by young people and older people everywhere,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:21.04,0:13:26.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it works and it's effective.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.46,0:13:31.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is what gives me hope --
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.02,0:13:34.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not just hope, this is what makes me feel very positive right now.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:34.78,0:13:38.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because finally human beings are getting it.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:38.79,0:13:46.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're getting practical, doable methodologies
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.41,0:13:47.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to answer my question:
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.99,0:13:54.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do we deal with a bully without becoming a thug?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:54.30,0:13:58.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're using the kind of skills that I've outlined:
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.71,0:14:02.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,inner power -- the development of inner power -- through self-knowledge,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.42,0:14:05.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,recognizing and working with our fear,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:05.99,0:14:09.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using anger as a fuel,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.51,0:14:12.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cooperating with others,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.07,0:14:14.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,banding together with others,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.01,0:14:16.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,courage,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.19,0:14:23.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and most importantly, commitment to active non-violence.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.16,0:14:27.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now I don't just believe in non-violence.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:27.27,0:14:30.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't have to believe in it.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:30.21,0:14:33.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I see evidence everywhere of how it works.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:33.76,0:14:39.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I see that we, ordinary people,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.81,0:14:46.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can do what Aung San Suu Kyi and Ghandi and Mandela did.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:46.13,0:14:48.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can bring to an end
Dialogue: 0,0:14:48.85,0:14:53.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the bloodiest century that humanity has ever known.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.85,0:15:01.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we can organize to overcome oppression
Dialogue: 0,0:15:01.79,0:15:04.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by opening our hearts
Dialogue: 0,0:15:04.41,0:15:10.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as well as strengthening this incredible resolve.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:10.26,0:15:14.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this open-heartedness is exactly what I've experienced
Dialogue: 0,0:15:14.86,0:15:19.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the entire organization of this gathering since I got here yesterday.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:19.29,0:15:21.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:21.41,0:15:25.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)