[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.10,0:00:03.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Music] 
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.97,0:00:08.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Birds tweeting] 
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.67,0:00:09.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ever feel like you’re capable 
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.00,0:00:12.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of far more than what society expects of you?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.87,0:00:14.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know I do.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.30,0:00:15.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember being a teenage 
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.77,0:00:18.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and school being less about a passion to learn 
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.37,0:00:20.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and more about getting good grades?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.50,0:00:22.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How many times did you sit in class 
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.17,0:00:24.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bored and desperate to just get away?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.93,0:00:26.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every teen’s felt that.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.77,0:00:28.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Albert Einstein acted on it.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.43,0:00:29.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Age just 15, 
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.40,0:00:30.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he’s sitting in class, 
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.33,0:00:31.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when all of a sudden, 
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.23,0:00:32.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he decides enough is enough,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.57,0:00:34.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gets up and walks right out the door.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.53,0:00:36.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He never goes back.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.37,0:00:37.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember being a kid 
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.67,0:00:39.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and just wanting to play around with stuff, 
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.83,0:00:40.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pull things apart, 
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.77,0:00:41.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,knock things together, 
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.67,0:00:44.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the grown-up saying, “No, no, no,”
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.30,0:00:46.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or being called good for sitting still 
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.80,0:00:48.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or naughty when you couldn’t bear 
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.37,0:00:49.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to sit still any longer.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.80,0:00:51.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It’s all completely well-intentioned, of course.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.93,0:00:54.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that doesn’t make it any less insane, 
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.53,0:00:55.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the fact is, 
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.40,0:00:57.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our capacity to create and learn 
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.27,0:00:58.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,knows no bounds, 
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.57,0:01:00.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the latest research proves it.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.57,0:01:02.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The invention of MRI scans 
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.63,0:01:04.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only in the past 25 years 
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.50,0:01:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has allowed scientists to see 
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.00,0:01:07.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which parts of the brain 
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.17,0:01:09.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are used by different kinds of thinking.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.13,0:01:11.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We now know infinitely more than we did 
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.03,0:01:12.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about how we learn 
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.17,0:01:14.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what makes up human intelligence, 
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.43,0:01:16.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it’s extraordinary.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.33,0:01:18.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So want to know what you’re really capable of?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.00,0:01:20.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let’s start at the beginning.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.83,0:01:23.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A baby’s brain is amazing.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.27,0:01:24.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It doesn’t take nine months to create.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.93,0:01:26.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It’s taken 7 million years 
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.73,0:01:29.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and around 350,000 generations.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.87,0:01:32.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All the skills, knowledge, and talents 
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.17,0:01:33.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cultivated by our ancestors 
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.73,0:01:35.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are stored inside it.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.27,0:01:37.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are like numerous software programs, 
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.23,0:01:38.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which can only be activated 
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.47,0:01:41.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the baby engaging with its environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.20,0:01:42.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here’s the striking thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.77,0:01:45.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If not activated at the most appropriate time, 
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.70,0:01:47.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they simply disappear.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.63,0:01:48.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Take language.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.90,0:01:50.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If a child doesn’t hear language 
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.63,0:01:52.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by around the age of 8, 
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.03,0:01:53.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they may never learn to speak.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.00,0:01:55.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you can see just how important 
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.47,0:01:56.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our interactions are.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.83,0:01:58.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They ignite our dormant intelligence, 
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.77,0:02:00.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they reinforce it too.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.73,0:02:01.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There’s something else.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.77,0:02:03.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We’ve evolved to learn by looking at things 
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.70,0:02:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from different perspectives 
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.00,0:02:07.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and making connections between thing, 
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.27,0:02:09.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we do that through play.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.50,0:02:10.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So wouldn’t it be amazing 
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.87,0:02:13.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we bore all this in mind when raising kids, 
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.63,0:02:15.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,letting them play when they’re little, 
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.17,0:02:17.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when they’re older too.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.10,0:02:18.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Charles Darwin’s teacher said 
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.80,0:02:19.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he’d never amount to much, 
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.77,0:02:21.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because he spent too much time 
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.17,0:02:23.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,playing with insects.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.07,0:02:24.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let children play, 
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.40,0:02:27.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it’s never just play.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.17,0:02:29.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, it takes more time and energy 
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.10,0:02:29.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to do this.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.93,0:02:31.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when you’re deciding where to focus 
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.53,0:02:33.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,resources for kids learning, 
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.10,0:02:34.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you couldn’t do better 
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.07,0:02:36.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than focusing on pre-puberty.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.07,0:02:37.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That’s when we learn by copying 
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.83,0:02:39.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the people around us.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.73,0:02:43.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After 12, or there abouts, it’s all change.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.17,0:02:45.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Say goodbye to pliable, easy child, 
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.57,0:02:48.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and "Hello, rebellious, challenging teenager."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.37,0:02:50.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lah!. Where did that cute baby go?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.83,0:02:51.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oh, well.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.47,0:02:53.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let’s have another look at that brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.07,0:02:54.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,See what’s happening?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.47,0:02:55.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Loads of the connections 
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.70,0:02:56.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,made through childhood 
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.63,0:02:58.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are breaking up and reforming. 
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.60,0:03:01.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From around the age of about 12 through to 20,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.40,0:03:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the equivalent of an earthquake 
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.00,0:03:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,takes place in a young person’s brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.00,0:03:06.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No more going along 
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.10,0:03:07.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with what the grown-ups say.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.47,0:03:10.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The adolescent brain needs to go its own way.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.27,0:03:12.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“Oh, no.” say parents.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.13,0:03:15.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“Oh, yes,” say evolutionary scientists, 
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.07,0:03:16.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because if we hadn’t developed this urge 
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.77,0:03:17.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to do things differently, 
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.97,0:03:19.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we would never have made it this far.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.97,0:03:23.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Up until about 60 or 70,000 years ago, 
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.03,0:03:24.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was fine for children 
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.23,0:03:25.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to grow up like their parents.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.00,0:03:28.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But then along came the last Ice Age.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.13,0:03:30.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank goodness for the handful of our ancestors 
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.97,0:03:32.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who chose to break away 
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.17,0:03:33.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from their doomed parents 
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.47,0:03:35.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,freezing to death in the ancestral caves. 
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.80,0:03:38.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They built rafts and set off across the ocean, 
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.67,0:03:41.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hoping to find a place with a warmer climate.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.30,0:03:43.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Critically, this made risk-taking 
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.43,0:03:45.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the essential feature of adolescence.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.00,0:03:47.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We shouldn’t belittle adolescence.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.90,0:03:50.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We should be honoring it for what it really is—
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.17,0:03:51.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the defining struggle; 
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.77,0:03:53.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the moment when the next generation 
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.33,0:03:54.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,challenges the status quo 
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.87,0:03:57.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and pioneers new ways of thinking and being 
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.27,0:03:58.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that ensure our survival.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.83,0:04:00.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, just imagine if we actually gave 
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.87,0:04:02.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,adolescents the freedom to undertake 
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.60,0:04:03.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that struggle, 
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.57,0:04:06.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than force them to sit passively in class.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.07,0:04:07.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How about trusting that their earlier 
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.87,0:04:09.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,clone-like learning 
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.17,0:04:11.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now enables adolescence to spread their wings 
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.83,0:04:13.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and work things out for themselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.87,0:04:15.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If that sounds terrifying, 
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.23,0:04:16.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it needn’t be, 
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.20,0:04:18.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because if we allowed their natural curiosity 
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.40,0:04:19.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to flourish in childhood, 
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.93,0:04:21.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they’ll be bursting with the longing to learn 
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.93,0:04:24.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and climb unscaled mountains of the mind 
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.27,0:04:25.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that’s not scary.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.63,0:04:27.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That’s exhilarating.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.37,0:04:29.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the way we’ve evolved to be.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.50,0:04:31.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It’s what makes us fulfilled, 
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.07,0:04:32.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,well-adjusted human begins.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.83,0:04:34.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let’s stop trying to live in a way 
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.87,0:04:37.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that so goes against how we’re hardwired to live.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.93,0:04:40.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let’s allow ourselves and the next generation 
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.57,0:04:44.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to reclaim the  incredible gift of our ancestors.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.20,0:04:46.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Adolescence is not a problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.30,0:04:47.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It’s an opportunity.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.90,0:05:01.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,