WEBVTT 00:00:01.400 --> 00:00:02.233 Теорията за сблъсъците 00:00:02.233 --> 00:00:05.130 може да бъде свързана с разпределения на Максуел-Болцман. 00:00:05.130 --> 00:00:07.590 Първо ще започнем с теорията за сблъсъците. 00:00:07.590 --> 00:00:09.970 Теорията за сблъсъците ни казва, че частиците трябва да се сблъскат 00:00:09.970 --> 00:00:13.860 в правилната ориентация и с достатъчно кинетична енергия, 00:00:13.860 --> 00:00:17.370 че да преодолеят бариерата на активационната енергия. 00:00:17.370 --> 00:00:21.130 Нека разгледаме реакцията, в която А реагира с В и С, 00:00:21.130 --> 00:00:24.420 за да образува АВ + С. 00:00:24.420 --> 00:00:28.240 На енергиен прфил имаме реактантите тук, 00:00:28.240 --> 00:00:29.580 вляво. 00:00:29.580 --> 00:00:33.660 Атом А е оцветен в червено 00:00:33.660 --> 00:00:36.590 и имаме молекула ВС тук. 00:00:36.590 --> 00:00:39.790 Тези две частици трябва да се сблъскат, 00:00:39.790 --> 00:00:43.150 за да протече реакцията 00:00:43.150 --> 00:00:45.400 и трябва да се сблъскат с достатъчно енергия, 00:00:45.400 --> 00:00:48.070 че да преодолеят бариерата на активационната енергия. 00:00:48.070 --> 00:00:51.210 Активационната енергия на енергиен профил 00:00:51.210 --> 00:00:52.250 е разликата в енергията 00:00:52.250 --> 00:00:56.010 между пикът тук, който е преходното състояние, 00:00:56.010 --> 00:00:57.610 и енергията на реактантите. 00:00:57.610 --> 00:01:01.810 Тази енергия тук е активационната енергия. 00:01:01.810 --> 00:01:04.030 Минималното количество енергия, което е необходимо, 00:01:04.030 --> 00:01:06.770 за да протече реакцията. 00:01:06.770 --> 00:01:09.830 Ако тези частици се сблъскат с достатъчно енергия, 00:01:09.830 --> 00:01:13.920 можем да преминем през тази бариера на активационната енергия 00:01:13.920 --> 00:01:17.653 и реакцията може да превърне реактантите в два продукта. 00:01:20.020 --> 00:01:22.090 Ако реактантните частици не се ударят с достатъчно енергия, 00:01:22.090 --> 00:01:25.340 те просто отскачат едни от други 00:01:25.340 --> 00:01:27.070 и реакцията ни никога не протича. 00:01:27.070 --> 00:01:30.820 Никога не преодоляваме тази бариера на активационната енергия. 00:01:30.820 --> 00:01:33.420 Като аналогия, нека помислим за удрянето на топка за голф. 00:01:33.420 --> 00:01:35.310 Да си представим, че имаме хълм 00:01:35.310 --> 00:01:37.150 и от дясната страна на хълма 00:01:37.150 --> 00:01:39.050 има дупка тук долу, 00:01:39.050 --> 00:01:42.700 а от лявата страна на хълма е топката ни за голф. 00:01:42.700 --> 00:01:45.720 00:01:45.720 --> 00:01:47.920 00:01:47.920 --> 00:01:49.970 00:01:49.970 --> 00:01:53.050 00:01:53.050 --> 00:01:55.320 00:01:55.320 --> 00:01:58.580 00:01:58.580 --> 00:02:02.080 00:02:02.080 --> 00:02:06.353 00:02:09.390 --> 00:02:11.230 00:02:11.230 --> 00:02:13.730 00:02:13.730 --> 00:02:16.160 00:02:16.160 --> 00:02:18.470 00:02:18.470 --> 00:02:23.470 00:02:24.770 --> 00:02:26.630 00:02:26.630 --> 00:02:28.790 00:02:28.790 --> 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