[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whitney Pennington Rodgers:\NMarcelo Mena is an environmentalist,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a scholar,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he is the former\NMinister of Environment for Chile.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Welcome, Marcelo.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Marcelo Mena: How are you doing, Whitney.\NThanks for the invitation.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,WPR: Perfect. Great.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, thank you so much\Nfor being with us here today.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you know, before we dive\Ninto the future of climate action
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Chile and beyond,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think it would be great for us\Nto talk about the present,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and why Chile really represents\Na country that is worth thinking about
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we talk about climate.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, recently there have been\Nlots of commendable actions
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,taken by your country\Nwhen we think about climate.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chile recently committed\Nto net zero emissions by 2050,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the first in the Americas to do this,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's especially notable\Nwhen you think about
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how much of Chile's economy\Nreally depends on carbon emissions:
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mining, agriculture, and spaces like that.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So could you start a little bit\Nby just talking about
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how would this even be possible\Nto get to net zero emissions in 30 years,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what would that mean for Chile?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MM: It was a very surreal image
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we saw Minister Schmidt,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the COP25 president,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Patricia Espinosa,\Nthe UN head on climate change,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with masks delivering this new NDC.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The important thing here is things\Nthat are hard to build require consensus,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but therefore to get rid\Nof that commitment,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you need to have another consensus.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This hasn't happened,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I think is, the reason why Chile\Nhas a sort of vision towards mitigation
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's ambitious
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that we see that there's\Na big economic benefit.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have seen, we've witnessed,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what the renewable energy sector\Nhas been able to do for investment,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for lowering energy costs,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so therefore to reach this goal
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we will inevitably expand\Nto 100 percent renewable,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we'll also transform our industry,\Nwhich is heavy on fossil fuels,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,towards low emissions,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the hydrogen economy kicking in,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a recently launched committee\Nthat I formed, that Minister Jobet,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Minister of Energy, set up.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And also energy efficiency\Nand a lot of capture, carbon capture.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are endowed with\Na lot of natural capital.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Taking care of that natural capital\Nand expanding plantations
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will allow us to reach net zero by 2050.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,WPR: That's great.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now it seems like Chile\Nhas such a huge focus, then,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in thinking about renewable energy\Nand thinking about climate.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this wasn't always the case.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Could you talk a little bit, I guess,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the history of how Chile\Narrived at this moment?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MM: Yeah, so in 2011, 2010,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we had an energy discussion\Nwith incumbents
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,saying the only way we could solve\Nour energy problems
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will be through large coal\Nand large hydro in Patagonia.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that really polarized the discussion.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We got together as a community\Nafter large protests
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that triggered a lot of social movements,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we started discussing
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how we should be able\Nto do our energy going forward.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The population, public unrest,\Nset up almost 6,000 megawatts
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of coal fired power plants\Nto never be built.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when the government,\NMichelle Bachelet's government came in,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we pulled the plug on HidroAysén project,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is a big hydro project\Nin the Patagonia.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And both of these conditions\Nenabled an opportunity
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for renewable energy to be set in.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We put in carbon taxes,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we put in environmental regulations,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we set up an energy strategy\Nthat we did building on discussing
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and looking at the data
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which we thought that\Nthe 70 percent renewable energy by 2050
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was going to be a target\Nthat we could agree on.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This target has been long surpassed.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now we're thinking of reaching\Nthat same goal by 2030.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,WPR: And what you were saying\Nabout social protests,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's something that a lot of people\Nmaybe have been following
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,news of what's going in Chile\Nare familiar with recent social protests,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I think I'm curious about\Nhow you see that factoring in
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to climate action moving forward.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How might these social protests
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,play a role in what\Nclimate action you see?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, really, how is it possible for Chile\Nto be a leader in climate action
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while also struggling\Nwith some of these social issues?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MM: Well, the social issues,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are very profound\Nand important to address,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,caused, for example, COP25
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to not be able to be held in Santiago,\Nand to go to Madrid.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this also shifted a whole bunch\Nof the discussions and announcements
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were done
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we were expecting to have.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But regardless of this,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the fact that we have this commitment\Nfrom the government today
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shows that there's a resolution\Nto continue forward.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But really the model,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the economic model of Chile,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was brought into question,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the environmental issues,\Nfor example, are quite widespread,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and many times you have\Nlarge coal-fired power plants
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being situated where people live
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and with higher mortality rates.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Somebody who lives\Nwhere a power plant is installed
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has twice the rate of death
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in comparison to other people in Chile.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the model of having many people\Nbe impacted for the benefit of few
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is something that caused\Nand triggered the social unrest.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it goes into the economic model itself
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of extracting, colluding,\Nimpacting communities
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that may not see the benefits\Nof these economic activities.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So while we've done a lot,\Nwe've come a long way,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for example in securing
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a very emblematic agreement\Nto phase out coal-fired power plants,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many people that this\Nwasn't done fast enough
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and want this action to be brought faster.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,WPR: And it sounds like having people\Nbe the voice and the engine
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,behind making that happen
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has really been part\Nof this historical thread
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with climate action in Chile
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and seems like it would really\Nlead things moving into the future.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MM: No, definitely -- yes.\NGo ahead. Sorry.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,WPR: Go ahead. Please go ahead.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have a little bit of a delay.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MM: Starting out, we are doing well,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I think we need\Nto double down our commitments.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So even though\Nwe have ministries involved,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have civil society involved,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need to bring in\Nthe mainstream industry.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think, for example, the mining sector\Nhas a great opportunity
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be the solution\Nfor the environmental issues,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we provide the copper,\Nthe cobalt, the lithium
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are required for solar PV panels,\Nfor battery storage.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we need to do this in a clean manner.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that's the biggest challenge\Nwe're going to have
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the next 20 years ahead.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,WPR: And sort of pivoting to the pandemic
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to thinking about what's going,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,right now the entire world has obviously\Nbeen devastated by this crisis.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What have been some of the unique\Nchallenges that Chile has faced
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,during this pandemic?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MM: Well, definitely, as anybody,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are always struggling within
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,taking actions today to prevent\Na deeper impact in the future.