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《超级马力欧创作家2》在几天前发售

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这款游戏让你能过把设计瘾

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用各种工具打造自己的马力欧关卡

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然后你可以将关卡上传

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看其他玩家对你的设计技巧有何评价

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游戏准备了全套工具，供你打造横向卷轴关卡

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Boss战

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疯狂谜题、无聊笑话，等等

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但当你第一次打开“创造模式”

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估计你肯定会问这个问题

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“呃，我该从哪入手？”

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所以我想不如做个教程

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帮你上手制作并发布第一个关卡

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而且它应该是个靠谱的马力欧式关卡

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而不只是用金币写个名字

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建一堆水管洗个金币澡

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或跷跷板上堆28个板栗仔

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然后

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一旦扫清障碍完成第一个关卡

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你就能更好地理解关卡设计法则

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你会学到更多技巧

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你会上手大部分关卡工具

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而且你会走上打造惊艳关卡的康庄大道

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被任天堂招入麾下

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周末前就能到京都租公寓了

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听着不错？

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那咱们开始吧

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选一个主机制

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你在《马造2》中会犯的一个最大错误

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就是用工具箱里每个元素堆满关卡

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比如，这里放个大刺柱

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那里扔些反弹器

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中间混些跷跷板

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最后来个大弹头地狱

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这些关卡通常完全没有重点

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而且专业角度

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它们也没留足够时间去引入机制并探索机制深度

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所以

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仔细查看工具箱，只选一个机制

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一个可以作为关卡核心主题的机制

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也许是音符砖块

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或弹簧垫

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或ON/OFF开关

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或蛇砖块

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这并不是说你在关卡里不能用别的元素

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这只是为后续设计打个基础

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对于我做的这关

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我会去研究这些摇摆吊臂

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它们看着蛮好玩

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考虑层层递进

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下一步

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是思考如何让这个机制变得更有趣或更难

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那么摇摆吊臂最基本的呈现方式

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是将它架在缺口中央

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然后让马力欧跳入抓钩

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摆荡，再跳到另一端

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但也许我们能架设好几个吊臂

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架在不同高度

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也许在吊臂之间放个障碍平台

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或是浮空敌人，等等

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我们要找的是这种感觉

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“好了”

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“你现在知道怎么对付这个了”

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“但如果我这样呢？”

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有些变化很无聊

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有些则太难

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所以找块地方去试验不同组合

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找出体验最棒的那个

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介绍机制

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好，我们来动手做关卡

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第一步应该是向玩家介绍机制

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并确保安全可控

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尽管这一关总会让你荡过危险致命的无底深坑

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但当吊臂初次登场时

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我们会让马力欧失手后安全落地

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再试一次

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但你得确保玩家没法绕过这处障碍

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他们必须真正体验并理解这一机制，才继续前行

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所以我会建堵墙

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抬高吊臂

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迫使马力欧跳入抓钩

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加大难度

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还记得之前设想的难度递进？

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是时候引入它们了

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或至少，引入最棒的四五个

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在掌握这一机制最基本形态后

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玩家现在会期望各种额外挑战

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变化和复杂化

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理想情况下

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机制挑战应沿着相当平滑温和的难度曲线递进

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虽然你并不总是能做出完美的挑战层次

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但有一点绝对使难度暴增：当障碍物超出镜头范围

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这意味着玩家没法看清前路、提前规划操作

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他们只能在危险突发时临机应变

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把这些留给最后阶段吧

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噢

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还要确保玩家有时间歇息

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别光顾着让挑战接踵而至

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加些平淡时间

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这不仅能让玩家歇歇

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也为关卡带来张弛有度的节奏

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相比从不间断的刺激场面，这会有趣得多

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寻找组合机制

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好，现在关卡有了主机制并能巧妙递进

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不错

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关卡前半段搞定

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保存一下，咱们继续

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现在，我们要从工具箱找些其它元素

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让它们跟主机制搭配起来

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对于摇摆吊臂

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我发现可以架设这种轨道

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接着，你可以让轨道分岔成两条

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用ON/OFF开关切换路径

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你还能让吊臂在轨道尽头掉落

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然后自动扣住下方另一条轨道

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摇摆吊臂也能抓马力欧之外的东西

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比如弹簧垫

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敌人

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引爆的炸弹

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也许你可以把炸弹丢进抓钩，让它炸穿墙壁

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这样马力欧才能继续

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如果弹头杀手射入抓钩会怎样？

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唔，很有趣

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这些都需要反复试验和灵感

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正如乔纳森·布洛设计《时空幻境》关卡

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他对游戏基本规则进行各种尝试，发掘其中有趣结果

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你也得试着搭配“马造”的各种元素，看有什么惊喜

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打造后半段

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现在玩家已证明他们掌握了基本机制

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我们可以加入各种组合

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让关卡后半段更趣味盎然

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这个过程大体相似

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我们想先让玩家在安全环境探索一套组合

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然后再让复杂度层层递进

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所以我先把吊臂装上简单轨道

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接着才做高度不一的多轨

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然后引入别的点子

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有时点子不会一蹴而就

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我有个疯狂想法是让吊臂抓住炸弹兵

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然后你必须找准时机顶ON/OFF开关，让吊臂落入下方轨道

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让炸弹兵撞墙

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炸出个洞

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但因为时机、镜头

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以及吊臂落下时马力欧在下方

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它的效果并不好

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当好点子表现不佳时，别害怕舍弃

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或试试大幅修改

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最后通常应该来一场终极测试

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大多数“马造”关卡都会在终点设个旗杆物

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如果玩家跳到旗杆顶，分数会更高

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所以你可以在触顶路上放个很难的平台谜题

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奖励最棒的玩家

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而那些没法触顶的人也能走底下通关

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另一个值得考虑的想法

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就是回关卡前半段

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布置些关于后期的小线索

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这会让关卡感觉更自洽，整体感更强

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也能防止玩家措不及手

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所以在前半段

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我引入了ON/OFF砖块

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这应该能帮玩家上手

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因为他们会在关卡最后碰到这种砖块

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加入敌人和道具

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一个马力欧关卡绝不是无尽的平台操作挑战

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其中还有敌人遭遇战，要么是用于递增难度

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要么是调剂节奏

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但别忘了游戏设计的精髓

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少即是多

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用少量敌人点缀

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而非往屏幕堆满弹头杀手、板栗仔和炸弹兵

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也别忘了道具，比如金币和加命蘑菇

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它们可以提示玩家往哪走

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道具既能奖励高手，也能奖励莽撞玩家

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让关卡由始至终有个相对简单的主线体验

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但接着加些额外金币和道具

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需要更高技巧才能获得

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测试并除错

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不要等你的关卡上线面向全世界时

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才向别人展示它们

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你太了解自己的关卡

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毕竟你为此辛苦了数小时

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你对每个像素了如指掌，就像手心手背

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但某个首次进入关卡的玩家

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可能很快就迷惑、茫然或发现关卡太难

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所以找上朋友、老妈、兄弟、甚至他们的朋友来测试

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看看他们的操作，问问他们的感受

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然后修改迭代

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你也能自己测试关卡

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有目的地去把关卡玩坏

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如果你能绕开各种挑战，无视所有巧妙设计

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那也许就得加点额外障碍措施了

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这里你需要检查三点

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第一

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确保马力欧没法用一个助跑跳就简单绕过整个障碍

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你可能需要加宽缺口

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加入砖块和斜坡来阻止助跑

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第二

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尽管你是个马力欧专家

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能够全速奔跑完成整个关卡

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但许多新手办不到

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所以确保你的关卡能用正常速度通关

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强迫自己试试完全不按奔跑键来通关

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第三

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如果第一次越障失败会怎样？

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想象这么一处跳跃，你要踩上慢慢龟来越过缺口

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成功了当然很酷

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但如果失败了，慢慢龟也死了呢？

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现在你没法通关了

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这设计不好

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不过有些简单办法修复

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比如让敌人、P按钮或弹簧垫什么的

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从水管无限涌出

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或用些不可破坏的关卡元素

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比如这里的音符砖块

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自己研究

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现在你做关卡兴致盎然

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这正是好机会打开自己最爱的马力欧游戏

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玩玩某些关卡

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你不再是个被动的玩家

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而是会积极寻找关卡设计提示和策略

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所以看看任天堂如何在每一关介绍、演进和变化一个点子

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考虑敌人和道具的摆放

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看任天堂如何让每一关张弛有度、动静结合

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另外，你没必要只看“马力欧”

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正如“游戏制作工具箱”曾展示的

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你可以从“洛克人”和“雷曼”学到很多

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还有我尚未剖析的《蔚蓝》和《铲子骑士》

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“马力欧”是最有用的，因为

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“马造”显然有着相同的机制和物理特性

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但好的关卡设计总是好的

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技巧也几乎总能通用

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所以用审视的眼光重玩这些游戏吧

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看能否在其中学到什么，把自己的关卡做得更好

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再来一次

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好了

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现在你已经完成第一个关卡

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你准备好尝新了

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你可以选不同机制重复这套教程

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或解放你的创意神经

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看还能创造什么

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也许你想做得更接近《森喜刚：热带寒流》

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探索多种机制如何贯穿关卡

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也许你想尝试“夜间模式”下古怪的元素变化

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玩玩森林和城堡主题的水下关卡

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或改变通关条件

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也许你设计关卡想围绕某个主题概念

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或某个马力欧技能

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而非仅仅一个机制

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一切取决于你

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但我希望

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上述基本提示总能给你带来帮助

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介绍机制

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调整节奏

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加入惊喜的变化、奖励高手

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这些是每个优秀关卡都会涵盖的

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所以做些酷酷的东西

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然后把关卡代码留在下方评论

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我下周会尽量玩这些关卡

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7月10号英国下午7点

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在YouTube上直播

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你们大伙也可以帮我玩评论中的关卡

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给你最喜欢的点赞

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感谢收看，创造愉快！