[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.05,0:00:13.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like 40% of the human population,\Nwe live within 100 miles of a coast,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.05,0:00:18.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and here, in Great Mills,\Nwe're only about five miles from a coast.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.43,0:00:23.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our coasts, as you can see,\Nare beautiful and bountiful,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.58,0:00:25.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they're also in danger.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.02,0:00:29.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The seas are rising across the planet,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.51,0:00:34.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,threatening our homes\Nbut also the farms where we grow our food.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.36,0:00:35.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For instance,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.56,0:00:37.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the eastern shore of Maryland
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.71,0:00:41.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was farmed for many years\Nby native peoples
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.12,0:00:44.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before the British colonists arrived,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.34,0:00:47.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it is still heavily farmed even today.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.67,0:00:53.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But America's first farms\Nare starting to go underwater;
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.68,0:00:57.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our history is quite literally drowning.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.72,0:01:02.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And even as we lose land\Nin our own backyards,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.23,0:01:06.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're losing land\Nin Vietnam and Bangladesh,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.60,0:01:08.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,two coastal countries
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.30,0:01:11.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we grow a large portion\Nof the world's rice.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.83,0:01:15.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when we talk about climate change,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.14,0:01:18.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we often talk about it\Nlike it's this thing of the future,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.63,0:01:21.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something we can worry about\Nin a couple of years
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.41,0:01:24.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or even a couple of decades,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.01,0:01:26.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but climate change is happening.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.61,0:01:28.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's happening now.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.81,0:01:30.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here in Maryland,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.34,0:01:34.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the symptoms of the disease\Nare already starting to show.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.23,0:01:37.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many people are unaware,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.39,0:01:40.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there is an invisible flood\Nmoving far inland
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.89,0:01:45.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in advance of the surface floods\Nthat can drown our homes and our farms.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.21,0:01:50.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that invisible flood\Nis called “saltwater intrusion,”
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.32,0:01:53.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it can make our water undrinkable.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.50,0:01:57.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it means that many of the crops\Ngrowing along our coastlines
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.20,0:01:59.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have salty and wet "feet”;
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.68,0:02:02.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is, their roots\Nare burrowing below ground
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.42,0:02:04.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,searching for pure water,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.68,0:02:06.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they're finding only salt.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.22,0:02:10.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you can see what that looks like\Nin this picture here.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.88,0:02:14.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of this white stuff\Nalong the edge of this farm field
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.95,0:02:16.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is salt.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.23,0:02:20.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And just like in Vietnam and Bangladesh,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.15,0:02:25.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it can feel like our Maryland farmers\Nare fighting a losing battle.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.74,0:02:28.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here in the Chesapeake bay region,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.26,0:02:33.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sea level rise rates\Nare three times the global average.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.45,0:02:35.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that means that our communities
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.45,0:02:40.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are some of the first to be hit\Nby the slow burn of climate change.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.72,0:02:43.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And unfortunately,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.25,0:02:46.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're not going to be able\Nto stop climate change right now
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.05,0:02:48.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or reverse it, reverse the tides,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.100,0:02:52.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but what we can do is work together.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.37,0:02:53.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can work together
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.73,0:02:58.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as researchers, as farmers\Nand local government agencies
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.45,0:03:03.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to design solutions that can help us\Nprevent climate change in the future
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.51,0:03:08.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also allow us to thrive\Nas communities right now.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.38,0:03:12.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when I say communities,\NI mean communities of people
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.38,0:03:15.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also of plants and animals.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.29,0:03:18.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, what do we do?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.51,0:03:21.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to manage the transition,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.75,0:03:25.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that means thinking\Nabout climate change as a moving target.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.82,0:03:29.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what's going to work now\Non this farm field
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.34,0:03:30.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,won't work in five years,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.56,0:03:35.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what works in five years\Nisn't going to work in 10 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.26,0:03:40.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With some of the fastest rates\Nof sea level rise on the planet,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.54,0:03:45.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Eastern Seaboard of the United States\Nis at the leading edge of climate change.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.17,0:03:50.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it is our job\Nto manage that moving edge.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.23,0:03:54.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first thing we need are maps,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.08,0:03:55.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like this one,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.20,0:03:59.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can help us understand\Nthe current extent of saltwater intrusion
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.98,0:04:02.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also understand where it's headed.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.33,0:04:05.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that will provide us\Nwith an early warning system
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.01,0:04:12.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can help us generate a targeted plan\Nfor every stage of saltwater intrusion.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.02,0:04:17.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so my team is working to develop\Nsome of these first ever maps
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.15,0:04:19.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of saltwater intrusion,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.19,0:04:23.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,giving us "eyes" on the disease\Nfor the very first time.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.63,0:04:26.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so you can see here in this map
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.10,0:04:28.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of these pink areas
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.25,0:04:31.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are where we believe\Nsaltwater intrusion to be right now
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.88,0:04:34.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in two coastal Maryland counties,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.76,0:04:37.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Dorchester and in Somerset.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.90,0:04:42.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, if we can understand\Nwhere saltwater intrusion is
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.61,0:04:45.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also understand\Nthe rate of its spread,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.16,0:04:46.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can help fight it,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.44,0:04:49.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that will help us fight it\Nand maybe even contain it.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.93,0:04:53.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The second thing we have to do\Nis work together.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.18,0:04:54.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to work together
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.63,0:04:58.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as landowners and as scientists\Nand as policy makers
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.89,0:05:04.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to design solutions that can help us\Nprotect our environmental health
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.20,0:05:07.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also the farmer\Nor landowner's bottom line.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.57,0:05:09.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And third,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.73,0:05:12.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have to start making changes now
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.58,0:05:16.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can help us prevent\Nclimate change in the future.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.98,0:05:21.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if we can do these three things,\Nwe can save our coastlines.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.02,0:05:25.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let me give you some examples\Nof what that might look like.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.18,0:05:32.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Saltwater intrusion is leading\Nto the large-scale death
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.17,0:05:35.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of coastal timber plantations and forests,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.53,0:05:37.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,often called ghost forests.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.94,0:05:40.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we're going to watch\Na short clip just now
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.41,0:05:43.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that will give you a sense\Nof what that looks like,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.36,0:05:44.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the dramatic impact
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.64,0:05:47.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that saltwater intrusion\Nis having on our systems.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.07,0:05:51.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Video) (Insects chirping\Nand wind blowing)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.35,0:05:58.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: When you see\Na ghost forest for the first time,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.02,0:06:02.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're struck by how eerie it is,\Nsort of like a ghost town.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.66,0:06:04.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Ominous music)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.36,0:06:11.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This ground is now too salty and too wet\Nto support living trees.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.59,0:06:20.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Ghost forest]
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.74,0:06:23.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music ends)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.07,0:06:28.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kate Tully: If left unchecked,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.84,0:06:33.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,saltwater intrusion can burn trees\Nfrom the inside out,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.03,0:06:39.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the understory that's left\Ncan become overrun with invasive species.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.45,0:06:43.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these invasive species\Ncan choke out native marsh plants,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.25,0:06:47.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they do not provide good habitat\Nfor nesting bird species.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.71,0:06:50.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, we can help design solutions
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.93,0:06:54.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that will enable landowners\Nto remove timber early.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.91,0:06:57.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can use our early warning systems,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.34,0:06:58.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these maps,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.56,0:07:02.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help us identify\Nthe optimum time to remove timber
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.36,0:07:05.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that the landowners\Ncan maximize their profits
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.39,0:07:08.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and minimize their financial losses;
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.16,0:07:09.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and at the same time,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.89,0:07:14.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can promote the transition\Nof these ghost forests
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.34,0:07:16.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into marshes.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.98,0:07:20.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So my team has been\Nworking very closely
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.47,0:07:23.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the Maryland Department of Planning
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.03,0:07:25.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the Maryland Department\Nof Natural Resources,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.31,0:07:28.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,two Maryland agencies\Nthat are thinking about this a lot.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.58,0:07:30.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we're asking really tough questions,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.49,0:07:35.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like "What happens to your property rights\Nas your land slips under water?"
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.30,0:07:39.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can't ask landowners
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.50,0:07:43.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to bear the full burden\Nof climate change alone.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.21,0:07:44.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These people are our neighbors,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.99,0:07:49.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we can help support them\Nwith science-based management strategies
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.71,0:07:51.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and policies.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.96,0:07:55.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In some cases,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.06,0:07:58.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the traditional crops we grow are failing,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.56,0:08:03.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so the typical mid-Atlantic rotation\Nof corn, soy, and wheat
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.98,0:08:05.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is no longer viable.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.40,0:08:11.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these crops are not adapted\Nto high concentrations of salt,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.25,0:08:15.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they can't sit around\Nfor a long time with wet feet.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.40,0:08:21.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so my team is working to develop\Nsome new alternative crop rotations,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.50,0:08:24.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,better adapted to this new normal.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.50,0:08:27.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so we're experimenting with sorghum,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.63,0:08:30.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a salt tolerant soybean,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.53,0:08:33.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and malting barley\Nfor many of our microbreweries
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.78,0:08:35.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this area.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.81,0:08:38.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we are not the only people\Nworking on this.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.39,0:08:40.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are Norwegian farmers
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.06,0:08:44.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who are experimenting\Nwith a salt-tolerant potato,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.02,0:08:48.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in Louisiana, they're experimenting\Nwith a salt-tolerant rice
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.15,0:08:51.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that could be grown\Nin many coastal low-lying regions,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.41,0:08:54.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like Vietnam and Bangladesh.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.66,0:08:57.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And many a health nut\Nwill be pleased to know
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.49,0:09:01.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that quinoa is actually\Na very salt tolerant crop.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.72,0:09:06.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, there is another issue.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.80,0:09:12.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Farm soils are loaded with nutrients,\Nlike nitrogen and phosphorus,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.40,0:09:15.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from decades of fertilizer applications,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.79,0:09:21.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these nutrients are leading\Nto toxic algal blooms in our water bodies
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.25,0:09:23.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can be seen from space.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.63,0:09:28.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this image here shows you\Na map of the current impact
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.100,0:09:33.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that agriculture is already having\Nalong our coastlines,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.53,0:09:36.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as causing the formation\Nof the dead zone
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.71,0:09:38.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the Gulf of Mexico.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.28,0:09:40.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the problem is
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.54,0:09:44.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that saltwater intrusion\Nonly makes matters worse.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.11,0:09:46.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because of its unique chemistry,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.41,0:09:50.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it can actually release\Neven more nitrogen and phosphorus
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.06,0:09:51.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from farm soils.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.98,0:09:53.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you can imagine
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.34,0:09:56.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that as saltwater intrusion\Nmarches across the landscape,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.47,0:10:00.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this could have potentially\Ndevastating consequences for water quality
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.91,0:10:03.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all along the Eastern Seaboard.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.67,0:10:06.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, there are options.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.79,0:10:11.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can plant fast-growing grass species,\Nlike a switchgrass,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.32,0:10:16.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can suck nutrients out of the soil\Nand store it in its plant tissues.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.35,0:10:18.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And many livestock operations
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.97,0:10:22.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are interested in using\Nsome of these fast-growing species
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.88,0:10:25.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as bedding for chickens.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.48,0:10:27.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you can imagine\Nthat an endeavor like this
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.70,0:10:30.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could actually provide\Na farmer with income
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.26,0:10:32.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as their land transitions,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.45,0:10:34.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,help promote water quality,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.88,0:10:37.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and prevent species invasions.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.30,0:10:41.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are all great ideas.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.92,0:10:45.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But as we think about\Nthe changing face of farming
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.54,0:10:47.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,along our coastlines,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.09,0:10:51.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it will be critical to involve farmers\Nat every step of the way.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.75,0:10:53.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to ensure
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.46,0:10:56.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there is a market\Nthat they can tap into
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.64,0:10:58.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that we take into account
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.25,0:11:01.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their farming heritage\Nand wealth of knowledge.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.77,0:11:06.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that is, scientists can't just come in\Nand tell farmers what to do
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.87,0:11:10.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without understanding\Nwhere they're coming from
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.60,0:11:14.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and leveraging their\Ngenerations of expertise
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.07,0:11:16.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and understanding\Ntheir financial constraints.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.32,0:11:18.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.70,0:11:21.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the equipment that's needed\Nto grow that potato
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.29,0:11:26.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is very different than the equipment\Nthat's needed to grow soybean,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.12,0:11:27.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as seen here.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.30,0:11:32.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so my team is dedicated\Nto working very closely with farmers
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.10,0:11:35.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to make sure\Nthat we are designing management solutions
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.10,0:11:38.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that work for them now\Nand also in the future.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.05,0:11:43.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In some cases,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.68,0:11:49.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have already lost large swaths\Nof coastal timber plantations,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.38,0:11:52.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,forests, and farms
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.16,0:11:55.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the invisible flood\Nof saltwater intrusion.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.18,0:11:59.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We didn't know that it was coming\Nuntil it was too late.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.29,0:12:03.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that doesn't mean\Nthat we should give up hope.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.84,0:12:08.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can facilitate the transition\Nof these areas into marshes,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.56,0:12:12.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,marshes that are filled\Nwith native grass species
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.14,0:12:17.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and marshes that can serve as sponges\Nfor sediment and agricultural inputs,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.29,0:12:19.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like fertilizers.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.08,0:12:21.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These marshes can promote\Nenvironmental health,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.77,0:12:25.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which means they can support\Na thriving crab industry,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.55,0:12:30.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they can also provide nesting habitat\Nfor many endangered species.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.14,0:12:35.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Marshes are also very good\Nat storing carbon.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.63,0:12:39.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And coming up with strategies\Nto store more carbon on our landscapes
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.62,0:12:41.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is actually a key way
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.82,0:12:45.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we can fight climate change\Nin the long term;
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.21,0:12:49.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is, by sucking carbon dioxide\Nout of the atmosphere
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.08,0:12:53.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and storing it in plant tissues\Nand storing it in soils.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.33,0:12:59.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, my team was really interested\Nin the carbon storage potential of farms
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.30,0:13:01.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as they transition into marshes.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.94,0:13:05.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it turns out the potential is huge.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.76,0:13:08.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I’m going to show you some data -
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.79,0:13:11.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I’m a scientist\Nand I can't help myself.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.16,0:13:17.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So on the y-axis,\Nwe have soil carbon concentration,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.09,0:13:22.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the x-axis is a transect\Nacross a salt-damaged field.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.76,0:13:25.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So imagine you're standing\Nin the center of a cornfield
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.40,0:13:28.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you're looking out towards the marsh.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.50,0:13:32.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are the levels\Nof carbon in your soil.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.79,0:13:37.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in the tidal marsh, we have\Nvery high concentrations of carbon.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.32,0:13:39.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's to be expected.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.07,0:13:43.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is incredible is how much carbon\Nis on the edge of those fields,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.75,0:13:45.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the field edge and the ditch bank,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.55,0:13:49.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where you're starting to see\Nsome of that saltwater intrusion.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.12,0:13:53.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, the carbon levels\Nare five times higher
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.28,0:13:56.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than they are in that crop area
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.05,0:13:59.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the corn plants\Nare struggling to survive.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.50,0:14:02.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So on these fields,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.85,0:14:06.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where it's becoming increasingly\Nchallenging to turn a profit,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.78,0:14:11.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we could actually allow the migration\Nof marshes into these farm fields.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.64,0:14:16.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe we even help them out a little bit\Nby planting some native grass species.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.74,0:14:17.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we did that,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.91,0:14:20.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we could store a lot of carbon,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.44,0:14:22.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we could store it very quickly.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.21,0:14:26.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in some cases, consider a situation
Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.85,0:14:30.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we are subsidizing\Nthe farming of carbon
Dialogue: 0,0:14:30.91,0:14:33.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than the farming of corn.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:36.71,0:14:39.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This work is, in a way,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.20,0:14:42.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a struggle to stay ahead\Nof a moving target,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.54,0:14:46.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to do that requires\Ncoordination and collaboration
Dialogue: 0,0:14:46.06,0:14:48.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,among researchers\Nfrom many different disciplines.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:48.83,0:14:50.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, we're working together
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.63,0:14:54.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to develop these first ever maps\Nof saltwater intrusion
Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.08,0:14:57.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to understand where it is\Nand also where it's headed.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:58.37,0:15:02.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And every day, my team is working\Nto gain a deeper understanding
Dialogue: 0,0:15:02.53,0:15:05.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of what crops are likely to grow,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:05.63,0:15:07.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how we can store more carbon,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:07.99,0:15:10.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how we can protect water quality
Dialogue: 0,0:15:10.71,0:15:13.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as our coastlines transition.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:15.24,0:15:20.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The truth is we aren't going to halt\Nclimate change in its tracks.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:20.77,0:15:25.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can't slow the rising seas,\Nat least not in the short term.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:25.93,0:15:29.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To do that will require\Ncoordinated global action.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:30.38,0:15:34.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that doesn't mean\Nthat we can't do anything about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:34.21,0:15:37.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When the world is sick, we wear masks.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:37.25,0:15:40.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We adapt to this new normal.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:40.20,0:15:45.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we can help our neighbors,\Nour communities, and our planet
Dialogue: 0,0:15:45.16,0:15:48.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we manage the transition\Nto the new normal
Dialogue: 0,0:15:48.23,0:15:51.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using science-based solutions.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:52.51,0:15:56.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Climate change is impacting\Nnearly every single agricultural system
Dialogue: 0,0:15:56.78,0:15:58.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the planet.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:58.64,0:16:02.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everyone at some point will have to adapt,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:02.87,0:16:07.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so why not be on the cutting edge\Nof climate change adaptation?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:07.97,0:16:11.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are already building these maps\Nof saltwater intrusion
Dialogue: 0,0:16:11.49,0:16:14.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to understand where it is\Nand where it's headed,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:14.92,0:16:17.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we are already working together
Dialogue: 0,0:16:17.22,0:16:20.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as researchers, as farmers\Nand as policy makers
Dialogue: 0,0:16:20.56,0:16:23.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to design these science-based solutions.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:23.85,0:16:27.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we have the opportunity\Nto make changes now
Dialogue: 0,0:16:27.58,0:16:30.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can help prevent climate change
Dialogue: 0,0:16:30.04,0:16:31.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the long term.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:32.04,0:16:34.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We could farm carbon and not corn.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:35.72,0:16:37.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what's remarkable to me
Dialogue: 0,0:16:37.92,0:16:42.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that the state of Maryland\Ncould actually be a global leader
Dialogue: 0,0:16:42.78,0:16:45.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in climate change adaptation,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:45.11,0:16:49.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially when it comes to sea level rise\Nand saltwater intrusion.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:49.79,0:16:52.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are already building the tools we need,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:52.71,0:16:56.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we are already working together\Ntowards this goal.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:56.11,0:16:59.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I’d say, let's do it.