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Masoko ya Afrika yasiyo rasmi huwekewa kasumba kwa kuonekana

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vile yana kasheshe na goigoi.

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Ubaya wa kusikia neno "yasiyo rasmi"

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hutokana na jumuiya inayojiendesha ya misaada tuliyonayo,

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ambayo ina mitazamo hasi sana,

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na ilikuwa na madhara makubwa katika kuanguka kwa uchumi,

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kuongeza kirahisi -- au kupunguza -- asilimia 40 hadi 60 ya ukomo wa faida

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kwa masoko yasiyo rasmi pekee.

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Ikiwa moja ya jukumu la kuweka ramani ya mzunguko wa biashara zisizo rasmi,

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tumetengeneza machapisho kwa kina

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ya ripoti zote na tafiti kwenye biashara za mipakani katika ukanda wa Afrika Mashariki,

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tukirudi nyuma hadi miaka 20.

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Hii ilikuwa ni kwa ajili ya kutuandaa kwa ajili ya kazi ya kwenda kutathmini tatizo ni nini,

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kipi kilichokuwa kinarudisha nyuma biashara isiyo rasmi katika sekta isiyo rasmi.

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Tulichogundua katika miaka 20 iliyopita ni kwamba,

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hakuna aliyeweza kutofautisha kati ya magendo --

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ambayo ni sawa na upenyeshaji mali isiyo halali au iliyopigwa marufuku katika sekta isiyo rasmi --

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na mali halali ambayo haikuwekwa katika kumbukumbu

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kama nyanya, machungwa, matunda.

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Uhalifu huu --

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ambao kwa kiswahili unafahamika kama "biashara," ambao ni biashara,

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ukilinganisha na "magendo", ambayo upenyeshaji bidhaa usio halali --

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uhalifu katika sekta isiyo rasmi,

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kwa Kiingereza, bila kutofautisha nyanja hizi,

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kwa urahisi inaweza kugharimu kila uchumi wa Afrika kati ya asilimia 60 hadi 80 ukiongezea

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katika ukuaji wa pato la taifa kwa mwaka,

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kwa sababu hatujambua injini

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inayofanya uchumi kuendelea.

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Sekta isiyo rasmi inaongeza ajira mara nne katika kiasi

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cha uchumi ulio rasmi,

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au uchumi wa "kisasa", kama wengi wauitavyo.

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Hutoa nafasi za ajira na kuweza kujipatia kipato

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kwa wale wengi ambao hawana "ujuzi wa darasani" katika nyanja mbalimbali za taaluma.

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Lakini, je unaweza kutengeneza mashine ya kukaanga chipsi kutokana na gari bovu?

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Kwa hiyo, hili, mabibi na mabwana,

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ni jambo ambalo linatakiwa kutambuliwa kwa shauku kubwa.

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Ambapo mtazamo wa sasa uliopo kuhusu sekta hii ni uhalifu,

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hiki ni kivuli,

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hii si halali,

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hakutakiwa na madhumuni ya kuunganisha mzunguko wa uchumi usio rasmi

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na ule ulio rasmi au hata ule wa kiulimwengu.

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Nitawaeleza hadithi inayomuhusu Teresia,

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mfanyabiashara ambaye anapindua mitazamo yetu yote,

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anatufanya kuhoji kasumba zetu zote tulizokuwa nazo,

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ukihusisha na ripoti ya miaka 20 nyuma.

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Teresia anauza nguo chini ya mti katika mji unaoitwa Malaba,

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katika mpaka wa Uganda na Kenya.

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Unadhani ni rahisi sana, au sivyo?

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Tutakwenda ning'iniza nguo mpya kwenye matawi,

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tutatandika turubai, kisha kuketi chini, kusubiri wateja,

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na hivyo ndivyo inakuwa.

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Alikuwa ni mtu ambaye tuliona anarandana na yale yaliyomo katika ripoti,

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katika tafiti,

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alikuwa ni mama mjane anayefanya biashara,

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akilea watoto wake.

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Ni kipi kilibadili udhanifu wetu?

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Kipi kilitushangaza?

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Kwanza, Teresia analipia kodi ya serikali ya soko la mkoa

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kila siku anayofanya biashara

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kutokana na kuweka biashara chini ya mti wake.

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Amekuwa akifanya hivi kwa miaka saba,

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na amekuwa akipewa risiti.

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Anatunza kumbumkumbu.

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Tunamuona asiye hafifu,

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masikini,

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mwanamke asiye na uwezo anayefanya biashara pembezoni mwa barabara -- hapana.

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Tunamuona mfanyabiashara ambaye anatunza kumbukumbu za mauzo kwa miaka;

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mtu ambaye amekuwa na mzunguko wote wa biashara za rejareja zitokazo Uganda

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hadi orodha ya uchukuaji;

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aliye na mkokoteni unaoleta bidhaa,

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au wakala wa mfumo wa fedha wa simu anayekuja kuchukua pesa taslimu

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kila mwisho wa jioni.

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Unaweza kisia ni kiasi gani Teresia hutumia, kwa wastani,

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kila mwezi katika uorodheshaji bidhaa --

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shehena ya nguo mpya ambazo anapata kutoka Nairobi?

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Dola za Kimarekani elfu moja na mia tano.

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Ambayo ni takribani dola za Kimarekani 20,000 zilizowekezwa kwenye katika bidhaa za biashara na huduma

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kila mwaka.

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Huyu ni Teresia,

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asiyeonekana,

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aliyefichwa katikati.

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Na huyu ni mtu wa ngazi ya kwanza ya wajasiriamali wadogo,

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biashara ndogo ndogo zinazopatikana katika masoko ya ya miji hii.

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Angalau katika mpaka mkubwa wa Malaba, yupo katika ngazi ya kwanza.

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Watu wa mbele zaidi wanathamini mlolongo huu

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na kwa rahisi wanafanya biashara tatu,

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wakiwekeza dola za Kimarekani kati ya 2500 hadi 3000 kila mwezi.

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Kwa hiyo tatizo lilikuja gundulika kwamba halikuwa uhalifu;

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huwezi kumtuhumu mtu ambaye unamtoza na kumpa risiti.

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Ni ukosefu wa kutambua ujuzi wa kazi zao.

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Mifumo ya kibenki haina njia ya kuwatambua

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kama wafanyabiashara ndogo ndogo.

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pasipo kukataa ukweli, unajua,

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mti wake hauna anuani.

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Kwa hiyo amebanwa katikati.

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Anaangukia katika mpasuko wa dhana zetu.

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Unaijua ile mikopo midogo midogo ya kusaidia wanawake wa Kiafrika ambao ni wafanyabiashara?

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Watampa mkopo wa dola za Kimarekani 50 au 100.

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Atafanyia nini kiasi hiki?

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Anatumia mara 10 ya kiasi hicho kila mwezi

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katika uorodheshaji tu.

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hatuongelei huduma nyingine za ziada

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au mzunguko wote.

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Hawa ni wale ambao hawastahili kuwepo katika kasumba ya sera

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ya walio na ujuzi mdogo au wale duni,

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wala si mwajiriwa, ofisa anayelipwa mshahara

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au mtumishi aliye na pensheni

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ambapo ndipo watu wa kipato cha kati walipo.

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Badala yake, tulichonacho hapa ni mifano ya viwanda vidogo na vya kati

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hizi ni mbegu zilizo na rutuba za biashara na viwanda

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ambazo zinafanya injini iendelee kutembea.

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Vinaleta chakula mezani.

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Hata hapa katika hotel hii, wasioonekana --

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wachinjaji nyama, watengeneza mikate na watengeneza mishumaa --

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wanatengeneza mashine ambazo zinatengeneza chipsi

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na wanatengeneza vitanda vyako,

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Hawa ni wanawake ambao hawaonekani wanaofanya biashara mipakani,

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pembezoni mwa barabara,

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hawaonekani kwa watu wanaokusanya taarifa.

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Na wanawekwa pamoja katika sekta kubwa isiyo rasmi

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ambayo haihangaiki kutofautisha watu wanaopenyesha bidhaa na wakwepa kodi

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na wale wanaofanya biashara za magendo,

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na wanawake wanaofanya bashara,

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na wale wanaoleta chakula mezani na kuwasomesha watoto zao hadi chuo kikuu

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Kwa hiyo hili ndilo ninalouliza hapa.

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Hayo ndiyo tunatakiwa kuanza kufanya.

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Je tunaweza kuanza kwa kutambua ujuzi, kazi?

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Tunaweza kubadili uchumi wa sekta isiyo rasmi kwa kuanza na utambuzi huu

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na kisha kutengeneza milango ya wao kupita

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na kushirikiana na sekta iliyo rasmi,

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na ulimwengu,

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na mfumo mzima.

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Asante, mabibi na mabwana.

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(Makofi)