[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.78,0:00:04.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>Behind every innovation\Nis an inspired scientist.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.63,0:00:08.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And behind every PBS program\Nis a viewer like you!
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.89,0:00:11.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Get behind your PBS station.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.92,0:00:15.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your support makes a difference!
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.53,0:00:18.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>Hello and welcome to\NScientific American Frontiers,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.55,0:00:19.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm Alan Alda.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.45,0:00:24.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we all like to think that we\Nunderstand our own minds.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.04,0:00:27.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That we carefully weigh the pros and cons\Nwhen we make a decision.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.96,0:00:29.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that after we've made it,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.70,0:00:33.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even if we have cause to regret it, we\Nknow why we decided the way we did.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.87,0:00:37.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oh sure we know some choices\Nare more emotional than rational,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.92,0:00:40.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but even then, we think\Nwe're conscious
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.28,0:00:44.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of all the conflicting arguments that run\Nthrough our minds as we make a choice.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.37,0:00:49.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, in this program we'll find out\Nhow utterly deluded we are,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.87,0:00:55.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as we join in experiments revealing just how\Nsneaky and underhanded our brains can be.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.49,0:01:02.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[music]
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.16,0:01:06.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>I've always thought\Nof myself as a feminist,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.51,0:01:09.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I'm pretty sure I know how I'll\Ndo in this test of my reaction
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.95,0:01:11.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to women in the work place.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.75,0:01:13.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am ready to begin.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.50,0:01:19.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Women, in fact like Mahzarin Banaji, who's\Na professor here at Harvard University.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.26,0:01:22.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The test is called the\N"implicit association test"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.50,0:01:24.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it begins simply enough.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.57,0:01:26.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have to pair the word in the center,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.66,0:01:30.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with one of the words above by\Npressing the "e" key with my left hand
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.34,0:01:32.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the "i" key with my right.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.70,0:01:34.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, that could be either way.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.88,0:01:37.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mahzarin has told me to\Ndo this as fast as I can
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.40,0:01:42.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it's the time I take to make the\Nassociations that's critical to the test.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.28,0:01:48.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now the target words have changed,\Nbut the task remains the same;
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.56,0:01:52.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to quickly decide whether the\Nnew words belong to the left or the right.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.00,0:01:58.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But things are about\Nto get trickier.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.88,0:02:03.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>It's the same thing except now any\None of these four will show up,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.04,0:02:05.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when it's "career" or "male"\Nyou'll press the left key,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.30,0:02:08.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it's "family" or "female" you'll\Npress the right key.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.82,0:02:11.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>"Career" or "male"\N>>Yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.46,0:02:14.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>So now the categories are\Ndescribed by two words,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.94,0:02:17.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,making it harder to decide\Nwhere the new words belong.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.78,0:02:23.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But since historically, "male" and\N"career" have gone together....
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.27,0:02:27.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is like, reinforcing this stereotype.\N>>Yeah, that's it exactly.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.95,0:02:32.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>The point of the test is to discover\Nif lurking beneath my feminist convictions,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.60,0:02:36.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I actually harbor a hidden bias\Nagainst women in the work place
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.87,0:02:41.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,based on all the associations between\N"man" and "career" and "women" and "family"
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.66,0:02:44.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that bathed the culture\NI grew up in.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.16,0:02:49.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Family or "male", "career" or "female".\NOkay, now you're testing me.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.20,0:02:53.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The implicit association test\Nis designed to ferret out any bias
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.60,0:02:58.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by seeing if it takes me fractionally longer\Nto figure out where a word belongs
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.39,0:03:02.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when the pairing of the target words, in\Nthis case: "family" and "male" together
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.99,0:03:08.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and "career" and "female", is slightly\Nmore difficult for my brain to except.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.58,0:03:12.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Corporation - "family"\Nor...[breaks off in laughter]
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.94,0:03:16.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"brother", "management"...
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.78,0:03:19.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're done.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.87,0:03:24.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>Slight. I could tell he has a slight.\NThis is very good.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.50,0:03:26.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You are...so let's see,\Nyou're showing a slight,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.95,0:03:29.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,automatic association\Nbetween male and career,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.55,0:03:34.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the...only 12% of the\Npopulation that takes this test
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.90,0:03:38.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shows this bias. What you're\Nseeing is that you're,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.10,0:03:41.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're showing a much smaller bias\Nthen what many other people show.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.07,0:03:44.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm up here. I make a strong\Nassociation between
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.32,0:03:47.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"male" and "career" and "female" and\N"family" even though that's not what I
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.77,0:03:49.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,consciously express.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.23,0:03:50.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>Even though that's\Nnot what you live, huh?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.67,0:03:52.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>And that's not what I live,\Nbut in my world.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.33,0:03:54.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I don't know, I'd be\Ninterested to know. Maybe
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.78,0:03:58.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many years of working in feminist\Ncauses made you show this lesson.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.68,0:04:01.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>So all those years of working\Nin feminist causes
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.44,0:04:06.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,didn't manage to totally eliminate my lingering\Nassociation between "female" and "family"
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.49,0:04:09.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and "male" and "career".
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.54,0:04:12.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's astonishing though is that\NMahzarin is far worse,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.99,0:04:16.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she's not only enjoying\Na very successful career-
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.46,0:04:18.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she designed the test!
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.89,0:04:21.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another of its designers\Nis Brian Nosek,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.85,0:04:24.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who personally developed\Nthe test he's taking now,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.47,0:04:27.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,intending to reveal hidden\Nracial prejudice.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.59,0:04:29.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>These are the same faces\Nyou've seen many, many times.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.86,0:04:33.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>Many times, many times. In fact I helped\Ncreate the faces, so...
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.63,0:04:36.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>The heart of this test is to see whether\Nit's easier for Brian to match words
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.97,0:04:40.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or pictures to the pairing\Nof African American with bad,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.74,0:04:43.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and European American with good.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.74,0:04:45.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then when the pairings\Nare reversed,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.93,0:04:50.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,European Americans with bad and\NAfrican Americans with good.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.98,0:04:55.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[quiet]
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.44,0:04:57.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>I can predict.\N>>Yeah [chuckle]
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.53,0:04:58.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do you think?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.58,0:05:00.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>Moderate. Moderate to strong.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.90,0:05:03.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>Yeah, I'll say moderate as well.\N>>Yeah.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.46,0:05:06.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>Strong preference for white.\N[exclamation of laughter]
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.34,0:05:09.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>You've taken this\Nfor the umpteenth time,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.58,0:05:14.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you still haven't caught on\Nto the fact that you're a little biased?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.06,0:05:15.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[laughter]
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.98,0:05:21.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>I think part of that is the insistence\Nthat my conscious beliefs still matter.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.53,0:05:25.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It isn't that-- that fact that I\Nkeep showing these implicit biases
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.28,0:05:28.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mean that I'm a biased person so\NI should just accept that and move on,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.58,0:05:32.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's that-- no, I don't agree with\Nthose, I do have them
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.64,0:05:35.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I will admit to having\Nthose implicit biases
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.06,0:05:38.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I'm not going to let that rule\Nwhat I would consciously want to have.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.93,0:05:43.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>It really is remarkable that here I am\Nin Cambridge, Massachusetts--
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.34,0:05:45.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,perhaps the liberal\Ncapitol of the country--
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.56,0:05:49.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with two academics who pride themselves\Non their enlightened attitudes,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.90,0:05:52.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only to discover that they\Nhave latent within in them
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.25,0:05:56.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,biases they would fervently deny\Nif their own test hadn't revealed them.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.58,0:06:01.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But all may not be lost.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.20,0:06:05.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>We found in research, and\Nalso in testing of myself,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.79,0:06:10.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that if I put myself in a situation where\NI think about positive black exemplars--
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.68,0:06:14.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think about Michael Jordan\Nand Colin Powell and people...
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.40,0:06:19.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Martin Luther King who have had a very positive\Nimpact and who are also African American,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.40,0:06:23.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I show much less bias immediately\Nafter thinking about those exemplars
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.15,0:06:25.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then if I hadn't thought\Nabout them before.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.36,0:06:29.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>Even simple things, like the presence\Nof an African American experimenter,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.72,0:06:34.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reduces race bias. That the presence\Nof a competent woman,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.94,0:06:38.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,makes women's attitudes to math\Nbecome more positive.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.08,0:06:40.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those kinds of studies
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.58,0:06:44.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sit, I think, in contradiction the ways\Nin which people like I thought about this-
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.52,0:06:46.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we thought they were learned\Nover long periods of time,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.65,0:06:49.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they were entrenched,\Nthey were rigid, inflexible--
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.14,0:06:51.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that does not appear\Nto be the case,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.22,0:06:53.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I think that that's where\Nthe room for optimism is.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.53,0:06:56.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the one hand, I would like people\Nto take these data seriously
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.80,0:07:00.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we can show the vast numbers\Nof people who show the bias,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.97,0:07:02.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think we need to contend with that.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.94,0:07:07.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the other hand, what this work\Nis showing is that it might be
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.22,0:07:10.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not that hard to shape environments\Nthat can change these,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.76,0:07:13.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even automatic kinds of attitudes.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.19,0:07:19.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>>You can find out if you harbor unconscious\Nbiases you would deny even to yourself,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.81,0:07:23.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by logging on to the\NProject Implicit website.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.54,0:07:27.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There you'll find tests of attitudes towards\Nsuch things as age and religion,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.87,0:07:33.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as well as lighter fair like the Harry\NPotter movies versus Lord of The Rings.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.88,0:07:37.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Give it a try. You may be in for a shock.