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Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.38,0:00:04.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Clickers in the Science Classroom: How to Use Clickers Effectively
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.72,0:00:07.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Getting your students to talk to each other
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.44,0:00:08.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the things they are learning
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.61,0:00:11.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can completely change the atmosphere in your classroom.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.55,0:00:14.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tools like these clickers can help get your students excited
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.85,0:00:18.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and engaged like you've never seen before.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.85,0:00:20.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Student: I love clickers.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.32,0:00:23.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Student: I definitely feel more involved when a class uses clickers.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.39,0:00:24.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: But this isn't automatic.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.83,0:00:27.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Clickers won't promote class participation on their own.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.27,0:00:32.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this video, we take a closer look at how an instructor can use a clicker effectively.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.91,0:00:33.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You might be wondering...
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.98,0:00:37.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Asking the Question) How do you write a good, challenging, and conceptual question?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.74,0:00:40.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Peer Discussion) A question that will spur peer discussion?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.02,0:00:43.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(The Vote) Then, how long do you let students chat before stopping the vote?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.72,0:00:46.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Wrap-up Discussion) How do we go about guiding students
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.28,0:00:48.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to understand the rationale behind an answer?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.45,0:00:49.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Moving On) And then what?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.96,0:00:53.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do we use this information to help guide our teaching?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.52,0:00:55.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're going to zoom in on each of these steps in this video.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.83,0:00:59.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After all, it's not the clickers themselves, it's the "how" and "why"
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.57,0:01:01.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're used that makes them effective.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.77,0:01:05.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First and foremost, don't leave your students in the dark
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.04,0:01:07.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as to why you're using clickers.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.02,0:01:09.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Margaret Asirvatham: The most important thing for a successful
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.41,0:01:13.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,experience for both the students and the instructor
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.31,0:01:15.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that everybody should buy into it.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.86,0:01:19.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Douglas Duncan: So if you want your students to hate your use of clickers,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.07,0:01:23.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fail to explain that it's a device to improve learning.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.46,0:01:26.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They will assume that it's a device to track them,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.33,0:01:29.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or to test them, and they will resent that.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.56,0:01:33.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: OK, but how do you use clickers to help your students learn?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.10,0:01:34.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Asking the Question
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.53,0:01:36.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The best questions aren't about simple recall.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.26,0:01:40.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're challenging and conceptual, and they'll help drive the lecture.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.04,0:01:42.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Asirvatham: I think the greatest challenge for the instructor
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.35,0:01:44.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to write meaningful questions.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.31,0:01:48.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Duncan: There's a tendency to use questions which are not challenging enough.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.45,0:01:51.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe that's because we all feel good when 80 percent
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.95,0:01:53.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the students give the right answer.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.82,0:01:56.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Asirvatham: My personal philosophy is; the higher the level
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.55,0:01:59.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at which you challenge your students, they will
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.77,0:02:01.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rise to the occasion.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.27,0:02:02.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Steven Pollock: It seems to make the class
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.76,0:02:05.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"hook" together much more nicely when the
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.03,0:02:07.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,clicker questions are part of the lecture, rather than,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.23,0:02:10.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I'm done with something, let's see if you got it."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.69,0:02:13.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not a quiz, it's part of the class.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.44,0:02:16.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maggie Hoffman: Clicker questions aren't helpful when I'm just
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.08,0:02:18.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,repeating what the teacher has just given me.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.28,0:02:21.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I like to have the questions progress the class,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.12,0:02:23.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than just sort of regurgitation of what I've been told.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.68,0:02:26.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Duncan: The best questions that I have to ask for peer discussion
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.68,0:02:30.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are questions that have come from the students themselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.72,0:02:33.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pollock: That's really where you want to zoom the clickers in on;
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.56,0:02:37.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something where it's not trivial, it's not memorization,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.100,0:02:40.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's an idea that they're struggling with.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.70,0:02:42.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Carrie Weidner: A well-formulated clicker question
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.42,0:02:44.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,should make you think, and it should
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.27,0:02:46.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,make you address the concept at hand,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.80,0:02:50.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it shouldn't be too tedious or laughably simple,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.74,0:02:54.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because that's just a waste of time.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.24,0:02:55.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Peer Discussion
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.44,0:02:56.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: The power of clickers is that they can get students
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.95,0:02:58.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to articulate their reasoning, which in turn can help them
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.72,0:03:00.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,make sense of the material.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.68,0:03:02.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ryan Freedle: I think I learn better when I talk
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.44,0:03:03.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to other people around me.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.66,0:03:06.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's something about debating, and in a sense,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.33,0:03:08.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,teaching other people when you think you've got the right answer
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.96,0:03:11.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or learning from other people when they've got the right answer
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.33,0:03:14.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's really helpful in that learning process.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.06,0:03:16.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Duncan: Students are learning more, and more deeply
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.80,0:03:19.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they're figuring things out for themselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.03,0:03:21.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: But what if students are reluctant to talk to each other?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.21,0:03:23.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many students aren't used to participating in class
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.81,0:03:26.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you may have to show them that you're serious about this process.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.68,0:03:28.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I often wander around my lecture halls,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.61,0:03:31.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,listening to student ideas, and asking questions.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.19,0:03:34.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I let students know that this is what we do in class;
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.15,0:03:37.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,discuss and debate ideas.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.05,0:03:40.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Having your students talk to each other doesn't just help them learn,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.10,0:03:41.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it also helps you as an instructor,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.80,0:03:44.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to see how they're thinking about the material.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.03,0:03:47.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Duncan: And I was never able to see inside my students' heads before.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.90,0:03:50.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Peer discussion and clickers make your students' reasoning
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.74,0:03:53.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,accessible to you.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.10,0:03:56.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Student discussion) "... gas and dust, to me, those signal new stars..." "Right."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.74,0:03:59.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: Now you've got them all talking,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.05,0:04:00.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so what do YOU do during this time?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.91,0:04:04.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Duncan: One of the initial barriers to being comfortable
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.65,0:04:07.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with peer instruction is the strange feeling of
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.35,0:04:10.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,standing in front of a classroom and not saying anything.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.99,0:04:13.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Janet Casagrande: I think that circulating around
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.36,0:04:15.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the class and listening to what's going on can help
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.73,0:04:18.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you feel that, yes, they are on topic,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.50,0:04:21.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you haven't really given over the class.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.70,0:04:25.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a different way of the students learning the information.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.52,0:04:27.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: So, giving students the chance to talk to each other
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.71,0:04:30.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,helps them learn, and gives you the opportunity to see
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.64,0:04:32.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how they're really thinking.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.14,0:04:33.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Vote
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.74,0:04:35.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now you've got the room buzzing with debate.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.28,0:04:37.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How long do you let them talk?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.19,0:04:43.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pollock: So, with the system that we're using, we get a count
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.02,0:04:45.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of how many students have clicked in.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.22,0:04:49.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, typically, when approximately 3/4 of the class
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.73,0:04:51.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has clicked in, to me, that's a bit of a signal to
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.83,0:04:52.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,start wrapping things up.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.90,0:04:55.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I also say, "well, let's wrap this one up."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.90,0:04:57.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Classroom audio): "So, let's pull this together, and
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.90,0:04:59.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have a little discussion."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.60,0:05:02.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: Typically, it's best to allow between two and five minutes
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.23,0:05:04.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for student discussion.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.54,0:05:06.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pollock: Sometimes it's the noise level in the room
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.91,0:05:08.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's gone down, and it's clear the conversation is over.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.92,0:05:10.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have nothing left to say to each other,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.65,0:05:12.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I might as well end it.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.84,0:05:14.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wrap Up Discussion
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.32,0:05:15.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: All right, so the results are in.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.99,0:05:18.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how do you go about talking with the whole class about the question?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.15,0:05:20.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jonathan Greany: I think the more that a teacher will
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.12,0:05:23.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,facilitate conversation after the clicker question has ended,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.70,0:05:25.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the more effective it is.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.77,0:05:28.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Christina Jones: After all the votes are in for a clicker question,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.37,0:05:31.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I really like it when professors ask people to
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.99,0:05:34.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,defend certain answers. So, they don't reveal
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.36,0:05:36.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what people voted on yet, and they don't
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.78,0:05:38.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,say the right answer. It's really useful because
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.61,0:05:41.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you get to follow the thought process all the way through.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.55,0:05:42.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pollock: I might say to the class,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.91,0:05:45.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Classroom audio) "So, irrespective of whether you voted this,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.45,0:05:47.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would really like to know WHY you think somebody might
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.52,0:05:49.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reasonably vote 'E'".
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.40,0:05:53.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this has changed what it means to respond.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.40,0:05:55.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It doesn't mean you believe it, it means
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.70,0:05:59.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you're actually a good student for coming up with an incorrect reason.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.70,0:06:01.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Caryn Burnett: The best part, I think, is when they go over
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.98,0:06:04.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why the wrong answers are wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.64,0:06:07.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, you think it's answer 'A', you really think
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.37,0:06:11.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that that's why... you've got a reason why you chose answer 'A,'
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.36,0:06:14.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're like "Oh, OK, so the answer is 'C'. Moving on..."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.62,0:06:18.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you're like, well, I don't understand why my answer was wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.35,0:06:20.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the best ways to learn is making a mistake or
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.55,0:06:23.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doing the wrong thing and learning why that was wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.49,0:06:26.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: Well, what about the histogram of student responses?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.40,0:06:28.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Asirvatham: For the students, I think what is most rewarding
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.96,0:06:32.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the feedback that they receive when the histogram
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.43,0:06:34.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is projected in real-time.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.60,0:06:36.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: But when do you show this to the students?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.83,0:06:39.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This prompt feedback helps students learn from their mistakes.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.17,0:06:41.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you can choose whether to show the histogram
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.28,0:06:43.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the students immediately, or wait until after
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.34,0:06:45.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you talk about the question.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.07,0:06:47.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is an important part of the clicker question,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.25,0:06:49.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it depends on how the students voted.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.28,0:06:52.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pollock: So when I have the histogram,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.08,0:06:53.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's many different outcomes.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.45,0:06:56.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the most common one is, it's 90% correct.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.29,0:06:58.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: In this case, there are pros and cons to
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.46,0:07:01.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,showing the histogram before having a whole-class discussion.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.49,0:07:05.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Either way, it's important to discuss the answer before moving on.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.77,0:07:07.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(In-class audio): "Let's take a look at this,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.06,0:07:11.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so there's a pretty strong agreement on 'E', 'None of the above,'
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.84,0:07:15.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I got some B's and C's, umm...
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.60,0:07:20.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,'B' is very tempting. I like 'B'.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.52,0:07:25.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's wrong with 'B'?" (inaudible) "Pardon?"
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.08,0:07:29.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(inaudible) "It's not you, its' big 'R'. It's just notational convention..."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.11,0:07:32.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Asirvatham: As I've talked to students, they always come back
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.09,0:07:35.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and tell me they appreciate the fact that we still
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.13,0:07:39.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,talk about the correct process, even when over 90% of the
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.80,0:07:41.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,students got the right answer.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.48,0:07:44.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that's important for instructors to know.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.70,0:07:46.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: What if about 70% of the students got it right?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.90,0:07:49.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What might you do then?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.11,0:07:52.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pollock: If it's 70/30, you know, you look at that histogram
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.68,0:07:54.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you sort of think, "Oh, they all got it."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.75,0:07:56.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they sure as heck didn't.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.41,0:07:58.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A third of the class did not get that question.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.82,0:08:02.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That would probably be a time when I might not show the histogram.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.16,0:08:03.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Keeping it hidden allows you to say,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.89,0:08:06.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who can tell me a reason for 'B'?"
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.36,0:08:08.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you're voting 'B', and it's wrong, you don't know
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.66,0:08:11.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you're in the minority yet, and so you might get that voice.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.66,0:08:13.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: So the histogram is particularly important
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.57,0:08:16.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when the student votes are NOT unanimous.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.12,0:08:18.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes the class will be really divided on a question.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.74,0:08:20.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Classroom audio) "There is a mixed vote."
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.30,0:08:22.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: Showing the histogram here can be really powerful,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.57,0:08:25.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as long as you don't take the first right answer, and move on.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.67,0:08:27.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pollock: If it's 50/50, it's brilliant.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.95,0:08:30.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You show the histogram, because that gets everybody excited.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.48,0:08:33.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now there's a debate in the room, and we have to resolve it.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.68,0:08:37.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I try very hard not to be the "resolver."
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.52,0:08:39.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, if it's 50/50, we've gotta hear voices, and
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.53,0:08:42.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've gotta let the students decide.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.06,0:08:44.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Duncan: So, I'll typically call on someone who gave a wrong answer,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.13,0:08:46.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and let them speak first, and then
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.93,0:08:48.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,call on someone who gave a correct answer,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.97,0:08:50.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and let them articulate their reasoning.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.84,0:08:52.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And them maybe turn to the class and say,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.57,0:08:55.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"So, what do you think about these two arguments?"
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.84,0:08:58.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then I'll wrap the whole discussion up myself,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.34,0:09:02.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and say "This is the reason I favor the correct answer."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.45,0:09:05.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Classroom audio): "....the Milky Way, and that's a good analogy, because, it is."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.29,0:09:07.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: So, you'll have very different kinds of
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.06,0:09:08.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wrap-up discussion depending on how the students voted.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.35,0:09:10.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then what?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.76,0:09:12.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Moving On
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.50,0:09:15.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Clicker questions give valuable feedback to you, and your students.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.79,0:09:17.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Marika Meertens: What I like most is that it gives me
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.24,0:09:19.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a chance to think about what I know and to test myself,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.79,0:09:21.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,independent of everybody else in the class.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.94,0:09:23.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Janet Casagrande: I think the most powerful thing
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.64,0:09:25.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about using clickers in the classroom is
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.44,0:09:29.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ability to instantly get feedback about what
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.74,0:09:31.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the students are thinking about the material
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.48,0:09:33.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and whether they're grasping the material.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.24,0:09:34.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: Great. But then what?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.90,0:09:37.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It may be tempting to use clickers as a quick check
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.92,0:09:39.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to see if your students are on-board and simply
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.65,0:09:41.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,continue with your plans for the day.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.42,0:09:43.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they're not just a quiz.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.26,0:09:45.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They can help you to determine how you might
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.03,0:09:46.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,continue with your lecture.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.96,0:09:48.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jonathan Greany: When the histogram comes up
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.13,0:09:50.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I do see a large variation,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.93,0:09:54.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or even the majority choosing the wrong answer,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.03,0:09:56.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it lets me know that I'm not the only one that's not getting it,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.56,0:09:57.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it lets the teacher know,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.64,0:10:00.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Maybe I need to change my approach."
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.15,0:10:01.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: That's one reason why it's important to make
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.54,0:10:03.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the clickers count only as a trivial amount of the
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.51,0:10:07.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That helps the students take them seriously,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.18,0:10:10.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but not stress about getting the right answer.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.02,0:10:12.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ryan Freedle: Use the clickers regularly,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.68,0:10:17.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and use them in such a way that people really have to talk about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.57,0:10:19.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Asirvatham: Don't ever take for granted that your
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.79,0:10:22.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,students learned it the first time you presented it.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.76,0:10:26.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Students need for us to go back and review concepts,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.53,0:10:29.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to integrate it, put it in context, and
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.94,0:10:32.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the more we engage them as learners,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.27,0:10:35.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think they are also active participants in the process,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.51,0:10:37.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is what we all want.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.61,0:10:40.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: Using clickers well will take some practice, but it's worth it.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.61,0:10:43.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Be patient with yourself as you learn to use this new tool.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.75,0:10:48.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Clickers are an effective tool, but they are no magic bullet.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.45,0:10:54.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For videos on how to best use clickers, research results on clicker effectiveness, and other resources, visit http://STEMclickers.colorado.edu.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.86,0:10:58.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,English Subtitles: Stephanie Chasteen