[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.52,0:00:02.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- [Narrator] In other\Nvideos when we talked about
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.86,0:00:04.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the various Chinese empires,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.90,0:00:07.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we talk about the Song\Ndynasty in particular
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.74,0:00:12.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a time of significant\Ntechnological innovation.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.27,0:00:14.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here are just some of the\Nexamples that we talk about,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.94,0:00:18.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most notably gunpowder,\Nmovable block print,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.71,0:00:21.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have block printing\Nemerge during the Tang dynasty
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.86,0:00:26.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but during the Song\Ndynasty, it gets perfected
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.19,0:00:28.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it becomes more efficient\Nwith movable block print.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.46,0:00:31.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have the compass being perfected,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.32,0:00:34.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially for naval use,\Nthe boats being perfected,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.90,0:00:38.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you see this reinvigoration,\Nreally the high point
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.06,0:00:39.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the Chinese civil service,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.52,0:00:42.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you see the emergence of Neo-Confucianism.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.34,0:00:44.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But one question is well what allowed
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.81,0:00:46.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of this innovation to take place?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.85,0:00:51.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And also what allowed for the\Nstability of the Song dynasty?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.12,0:00:53.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you look at it on\Nthe timeline like this,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.11,0:00:56.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's covering over 2,000 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.39,0:00:57.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it might not look that long
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.59,0:00:59.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but when you actually\Nthink about it this is
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.24,0:01:03.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over 300 years of dynastic\Nrule by one dynasty.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.36,0:01:06.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now it is split in the middle\Nbetween the Northern Song
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.99,0:01:10.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the Southern Song,\Nthat happens in 1127,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.100,0:01:12.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we'll talk about that in a little bit.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.58,0:01:13.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But for the most part,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.70,0:01:17.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is a very prosperous time for China.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.71,0:01:20.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The population actually grows
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.41,0:01:25.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from roughly 50 million people\Nduring the Tang dynasty,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.10,0:01:29.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to, it is estimated, 100 million people by
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.28,0:01:33.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Northern Song dynasty\Nand eventually keeps growing
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.86,0:01:36.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that by the time we\Nget to the Ming dynasty,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.62,0:01:40.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have a population of\Nabout 200 million people.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.13,0:01:41.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what are the things that allows
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.98,0:01:45.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for that population explosion, really?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.30,0:01:49.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well one thing you can imagine\Nis food is very important,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.30,0:01:52.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's during this time period that
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.54,0:01:55.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Song dynasty is able\Nto leverage a more robust
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.79,0:02:00.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rice seed from Southeast\NAsia that allows it
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.06,0:02:02.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to feed many, many more people.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.38,0:02:04.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so this obviously\Nallows a population growth,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.88,0:02:07.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but any time you're able to feed people,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.06,0:02:08.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there's more prosperity,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.44,0:02:12.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're going to have a more stable empire.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.18,0:02:14.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now another major input into prosperity
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.81,0:02:16.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the stability of empires
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.91,0:02:18.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the notion of trade.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.71,0:02:22.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And China had always many river systems,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.78,0:02:26.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which helped facilitate\Nagriculture and trade.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.33,0:02:31.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But as you get into the Sui\Ndynasty, right over here,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.31,0:02:34.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have the completion\Nof the Grand Canal,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.95,0:02:38.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is even today the\Nlargest man-made canal.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.26,0:02:43.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It stretches from Beijing to\NHangzhou and actually goes
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.11,0:02:45.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,beyond that and has other tributaries
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.87,0:02:48.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that connected with\Nthe existing river systems
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.24,0:02:50.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,allowed for a lot of trade to happen,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.92,0:02:54.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially as we get into\Nthe Tang and Song dynasties.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.65,0:02:56.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now the Song dynasty in particular,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.84,0:03:00.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have the pound lock being invented,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.36,0:03:03.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which allows for easier\Ntravel across waterways
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.39,0:03:05.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you have a change\Nin the level of water.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.85,0:03:08.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The pound lock is still the\Nstandard technology used
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.72,0:03:11.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in canals throughout the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.35,0:03:15.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You also have the first\Nuse of paper money.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.35,0:03:20.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a big deal. We\Nuse paper money today.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.29,0:03:22.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our ability to have\Ntransactions in our society
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.74,0:03:25.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are not dependent on our ability to mine
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.23,0:03:27.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for gold or silver or copper.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.71,0:03:28.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one of the things that allowed
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.97,0:03:31.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for paper money to even be used
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.21,0:03:34.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was this notion of block printing,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.04,0:03:37.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and block printing with\Nmovable type in particular.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.81,0:03:40.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once again, a Song dynasty innovation.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.82,0:03:45.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now as I mentioned, as we get into 1127,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.13,0:03:50.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have conquerors from the\Nnorth, in particular the Jin,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.30,0:03:53.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who are able to conquer Northern China.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.04,0:03:55.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They caused the Song to move their capital
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.47,0:03:57.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from Kaifeng in the north,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.100,0:04:00.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to Hangzhou in the south.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.52,0:04:03.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here you see Hangzhou is\Na major southern terminal
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.36,0:04:05.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the Grand Canal.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.14,0:04:09.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And even though the\NNorthern Song had to move
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.29,0:04:12.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and essentially become\Nthe Southern Song dynasty,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.30,0:04:14.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you continue to have that prosperity
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.17,0:04:17.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for roughly another 150\Nyears and once again,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.47,0:04:19.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this comes from this meritocracy
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.40,0:04:21.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the civil service system.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.02,0:04:23.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This abundance of food,\Nthis stability from
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.91,0:04:26.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,having the dynastic rule,\Nthe trade, the money,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.43,0:04:29.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of these technological advances,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.30,0:04:32.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which make the Song dynasty\None of the notable periods
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.67,0:04:34.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Chinese history.