[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.82,0:00:03.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We all go to doctors.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.94,0:00:09.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we do so with trust and blind faith
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.31,0:00:13.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the test they are ordering\Nand the medications they're prescribing
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.19,0:00:16.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are based upon evidence --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.39,0:00:19.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,evidence that's designed to help us.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.34,0:00:26.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, the reality is that that hasn't\Nalways been the case for everyone.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.09,0:00:28.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if I told you
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.40,0:00:32.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the medical science discovered\Nover the past century
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.38,0:00:36.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has been based on only\Nhalf the population?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.07,0:00:38.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm an emergency medicine doctor.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.75,0:00:42.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was trained to be prepared\Nin a medical emergency.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.94,0:00:47.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's about saving lives. How cool is that?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.49,0:00:51.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, there's a lot of runny noses\Nand stubbed toes,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.68,0:00:55.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but no matter who walks\Nthrough the door to the ER,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.36,0:00:57.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we order the same tests,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.84,0:00:59.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we prescribe the same medication,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.100,0:01:04.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without ever thinking about the sex\Nor gender of our patients.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.37,0:01:06.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why would we?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.05,0:01:10.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were never taught that there were\Nany differences between men and women.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.82,0:01:15.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A recent Government Accountability study\Nrevealed that 80 percent of the drugs
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.40,0:01:17.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,withdrawn from the market
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.58,0:01:19.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are due to side effects on women.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.08,0:01:23.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let's think about that for a minute.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.42,0:01:27.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why are we discovering\Nside effects on women
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.31,0:01:30.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only after a drug has been\Nreleased to the market?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.50,0:01:37.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you know that it takes years\Nfor a drug to go from an idea
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.18,0:01:40.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to being tested on cells in a laboratory,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.36,0:01:42.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to animal studies,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.35,0:01:44.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to then clinical trials on humans,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.50,0:01:48.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,finally to go through\Na regulatory approval process,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.40,0:01:52.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be available for your doctor\Nto prescribe to you?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.17,0:01:57.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not to mention the millions and billions\Nof dollars of funding
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.56,0:01:59.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it takes to go through that process.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.60,0:02:04.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So why are we discovering\Nunacceptable side effects
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.57,0:02:09.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on half the population\Nafter that has gone through?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.16,0:02:12.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's happening?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.78,0:02:16.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, it turns out that those cells\Nused in that laboratory,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.90,0:02:18.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're male cells,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.86,0:02:22.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the animals used\Nin the animal studies were male animals,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.28,0:02:27.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the clinical trials have been\Nperformed almost exclusively on men.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.18,0:02:34.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How is it that the male model became\Nour framework for medical research?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.55,0:02:38.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's look at an example that has been\Npopularized in the media,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.65,0:02:41.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it has to do\Nwith the sleep aid Ambien.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.88,0:02:46.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ambien was released on the market\Nover 20 years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.67,0:02:51.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and since then, hundreds of millions\Nof prescriptions have been written,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.50,0:02:55.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,primarily to women, because women\Nsuffer more sleep disorders than men.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.05,0:02:59.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But just this past year,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.25,0:03:02.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Food and Drug Administration\Nrecommended cutting the dose in half
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.70,0:03:05.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for women only,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.61,0:03:08.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they just realized\Nthat women metabolize the drug
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.47,0:03:11.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at a slower rate than men,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.40,0:03:13.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,causing them to wake up in the morning
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.47,0:03:16.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with more of the active drug\Nin their system.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.68,0:03:20.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then they're drowsy and they're\Ngetting behind the wheel of the car,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.64,0:03:23.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're at risk\Nfor motor vehicle accidents.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.96,0:03:28.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I can't help but think,\Nas an emergency physician,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.92,0:03:33.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how many of my patients\Nthat I've cared for over the years
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.74,0:03:36.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were involved in a motor vehicle accident
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.57,0:03:40.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that possibly could have been prevented
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.05,0:03:45.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if this type of analysis was performed\Nand acted upon 20 years ago
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.18,0:03:47.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when this drug was first released.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.09,0:03:52.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How many other things need\Nto be analyzed by gender?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.20,0:03:54.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What else are we missing?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.56,0:04:01.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,World War II changed a lot of things,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.26,0:04:04.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and one of them was this need\Nto protect people
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.16,0:04:08.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from becoming victims of medical research\Nwithout informed consent.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.47,0:04:13.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So some much-needed guidelines\Nor rules were set into place,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.17,0:04:18.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and part of that was this desire\Nto protect women of childbearing age
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.21,0:04:21.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from entering into any\Nmedical research studies.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.02,0:04:26.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was fear: what if something\Nhappened to the fetus during the study?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.37,0:04:28.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who would be responsible?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.100,0:04:32.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so the scientists\Nat this time actually thought
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.51,0:04:35.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this was a blessing in disguise,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.15,0:04:40.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because let's face it -- men's bodies\Nare pretty homogeneous.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.87,0:04:44.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They don't have the constantly\Nfluctuating levels of hormones
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.34,0:04:48.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that could disrupt clean data\Nthey could get if they had only men.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.21,0:04:51.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was easier. It was cheaper.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.65,0:04:56.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not to mention, at this time,\Nthere was a general assumption
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.51,0:05:00.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that men and women\Nwere alike in every way,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.76,0:05:04.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,apart from their reproductive organs\Nand sex hormones.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.21,0:05:08.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it was decided:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.12,0:05:12.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,medical research was performed on men,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.66,0:05:15.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the results were later\Napplied to women.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.20,0:05:20.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What did this do to the notion\Nof women's health?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.77,0:05:25.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Women's health became synonymous\Nwith reproduction:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.05,0:05:29.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,breasts, ovaries, uterus, pregnancy.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.36,0:05:33.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's this term we now refer\Nto as "bikini medicine."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.46,0:05:37.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this stayed this way\Nuntil about the 1980s,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.13,0:05:40.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when this concept was challenged\Nby the medical community
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.64,0:05:44.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and by the public health policymakers\Nwhen they realized that
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.80,0:05:49.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by excluding women\Nfrom all medical research studies
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.13,0:05:52.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we actually did them a disservice,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.64,0:05:54.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in that apart from reproductive issues,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.100,0:05:57.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,virtually nothing was known\Nabout the unique needs
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.59,0:05:59.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the female patient.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.100,0:06:06.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since that time, an overwhelming amount\Nof evidence has come to light
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.54,0:06:12.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that shows us just how different\Nmen and women are in every way.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.30,0:06:20.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, we have this saying in medicine:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.07,0:06:23.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,children are not just little adults.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.81,0:06:26.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we say that to remind ourselves
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.77,0:06:31.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that children actually have\Na different physiology than normal adults.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.68,0:06:37.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's because of this that the medical\Nspecialty of pediatrics came to light.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.66,0:06:43.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we now conduct research on children\Nin order to improve their lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.04,0:06:47.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I know the same thing\Ncan be said about women.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.96,0:06:53.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Women are not just men\Nwith boobs and tubes.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.56,0:06:58.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they have their own\Nanatomy and physiology
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.14,0:07:01.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that deserves to be studied\Nwith the same intensity.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.38,0:07:06.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's take the cardiovascular\Nsystem, for example.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.100,0:07:10.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This area in medicine has done the most\Nto try to figure out
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.73,0:07:14.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why it seems men and women have\Ncompletely different heart attacks.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.100,0:07:21.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Heart disease is the number one killer\Nfor both men and women,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.11,0:07:25.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but more women die within the first year\Nof having a heart attack than men.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.05,0:07:31.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Men will complain\Nof crushing chest pain --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.09,0:07:33.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an elephant is sitting on their chest.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.46,0:07:35.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we call this typical.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.62,0:07:40.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Women have chest pain, too.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.74,0:07:47.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But more women than men\Nwill complain of "just not feeling right,"
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.90,0:07:51.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"can't seem to get enough air in,"
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.79,0:07:53.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"just so tired lately."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.00,0:07:57.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And for some reason we call this atypical,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.93,0:08:01.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though, as I mentioned,\Nwomen do make up half the population.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.54,0:08:09.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so what is some of the evidence\Nto help explain some of these differences?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.100,0:08:12.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we look at the anatomy,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.55,0:08:18.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the blood vessels that surround the heart\Nare smaller in women compared to men,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.59,0:08:23.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the way that those blood vessels\Ndevelop disease is different
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.10,0:08:25.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in women compared to men.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.88,0:08:31.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the test that we use to determine\Nif someone is at risk for a heart attack,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.05,0:08:35.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,well, they were initially designed\Nand tested and perfected in men,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.65,0:08:38.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so aren't as good\Nat determining that in women.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.30,0:08:43.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then if we think\Nabout the medications --
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.27,0:08:46.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,common medications\Nthat we use, like aspirin.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.77,0:08:52.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We give aspirin to healthy men to help\Nprevent them from having a heart attack,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.32,0:08:56.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but do you know that if you\Ngive aspirin to a healthy woman,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.58,0:08:58.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's actually harmful?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.38,0:09:02.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What this is doing is merely telling us
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.78,0:09:05.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we are scratching the surface.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.14,0:09:10.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Emergency medicine\Nis a fast-paced business.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.56,0:09:14.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In how many life-saving areas of medicine,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.94,0:09:18.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like cancer and stroke,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.94,0:09:23.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are there important differences between\Nmen and women that we could be utilizing?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.25,0:09:29.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or even, why is it that some people\Nget those runny noses
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.08,0:09:31.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more than others,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.29,0:09:34.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or why the pain medication that we give\Nto those stubbed toes
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.64,0:09:37.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,work in some and not in others?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.29,0:09:46.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Institute of Medicine has said\Nevery cell has a sex.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.82,0:09:49.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What does this mean?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.53,0:09:52.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sex is DNA.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.95,0:09:57.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Gender is how someone\Npresents themselves in society.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.88,0:10:00.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these two may not always match up,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.45,0:10:03.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as we can see with our\Ntransgendered population.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.74,0:10:09.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's important to realize\Nthat from the moment of conception,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.68,0:10:11.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every cell in our bodies --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.82,0:10:15.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,skin, hair, heart and lungs --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.15,0:10:18.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,contains our own unique DNA,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.46,0:10:22.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that DNA contains\Nthe chromosomes that determine
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.24,0:10:27.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether we become\Nmale or female, man or woman.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.40,0:10:29.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It used to be thought
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.01,0:10:34.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that those sex-determining\Nchromosomes pictured here --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.36,0:10:37.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,XY if you're male, XX if you're female --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.76,0:10:42.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,merely determined whether you\Nwould be born with ovaries or testes,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.100,0:10:46.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it was the sex hormones\Nthat those organs produced
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.76,0:10:51.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were responsible for the differences\Nwe see in the opposite sex.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.76,0:10:57.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we now know that\Nthat theory was wrong --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.62,0:11:00.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or it's at least a little incomplete.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.08,0:11:04.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And thankfully, scientists like Dr. Page\Nfrom the Whitehead Institute,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.89,0:11:06.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who works on the Y chromosome,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.88,0:11:09.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Doctor Yang from UCLA,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.08,0:11:14.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they have found evidence that tells us\Nthat those sex-determining chromosomes
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.76,0:11:17.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are in every cell in our bodies
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.38,0:11:22.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,continue to remain active\Nfor our entire lives
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.52,0:11:28.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and could be what's responsible\Nfor the differences we see
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.12,0:11:30.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the dosing of drugs,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.36,0:11:33.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or why there are differences\Nbetween men and women
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.34,0:11:36.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the susceptibility\Nand severity of diseases.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.03,0:11:41.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This new knowledge is the game-changer,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.42,0:11:48.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's up to those scientists\Nthat continue to find that evidence,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.82,0:11:52.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's up to the clinicians\Nto start translating this data
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.00,0:11:55.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the bedside, today.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.17,0:11:58.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right now.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.45,0:12:04.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And to help do this, I'm a co-founder\Nof a national organization
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.50,0:12:07.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called Sex and Gender\NWomen's Health Collaborative,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.50,0:12:12.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we collect all of this data\Nso that it's available for teaching
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.15,0:12:13.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for patient care.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.38,0:12:18.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we're working to bring together\Nthe medical educators to the table.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.76,0:12:21.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a big job.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.16,0:12:27.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's changing the way medical training\Nhas been done since its inception.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.04,0:12:30.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I believe in them.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.88,0:12:37.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know they're going to see the value\Nof incorporating the gender lens
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.50,0:12:39.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into the current curriculum.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.60,0:12:45.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's about training the future\Nhealth care providers correctly.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.44,0:12:49.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And regionally,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.61,0:12:53.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm a co-creator of a division within\Nthe Department of Emergency Medicine
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.50,0:12:55.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,here at Brown University,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.24,0:12:57.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called Sex and Gender\Nin Emergency Medicine,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.88,0:13:02.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we conduct the research to determine\Nthe differences between men and women
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.52,0:13:04.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in emergent conditions,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.71,0:13:09.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like heart disease and stroke\Nand sepsis and substance abuse,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.100,0:13:14.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we also believe\Nthat education is paramount.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.30,0:13:19.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've created a 360-degree\Nmodel of education.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.33,0:13:25.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have programs for the doctors,\Nfor the nurses, for the students
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.31,0:13:27.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for the patients.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.51,0:13:31.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because this cannot just be left up\Nto the health care leaders.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.32,0:13:35.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We all have a role in making a difference.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.65,0:13:40.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I must warn you: this is not easy.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.84,0:13:43.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, it's hard.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.15,0:13:49.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's essentially changing the way\Nwe think about medicine
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.56,0:13:52.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and health and research.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.71,0:13:56.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's changing our relationship\Nto the health care system.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.76,0:14:00.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there's no going back.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.34,0:14:05.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We now know just enough
Dialogue: 0,0:14:05.06,0:14:07.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to know that we weren't doing it right.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.67,0:14:11.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Martin Luther King, Jr. has said,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.01,0:14:16.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Change does not roll in\Non the wheels of inevitability,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.69,0:14:18.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but comes through continuous struggle."
Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.31,0:14:23.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the first step\Ntowards change is awareness.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.12,0:14:28.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is not just about improving\Nmedical care for women.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.70,0:14:33.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is about personalized,\Nindividualized health care for everyone.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.09,0:14:41.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This awareness has the power to transform\Nmedical care for men and women.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.83,0:14:48.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And from now on, I want you\Nto ask your doctors
Dialogue: 0,0:14:48.54,0:14:52.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether the treatments you are receiving\Nare specific to your sex and gender.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.25,0:14:56.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They may not know the answer --
Dialogue: 0,0:14:56.96,0:14:58.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,yet.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.10,0:15:02.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the conversation has begun,\Nand together we can all learn.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:03.80,0:15:08.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember, for me\Nand my colleagues in this field,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.20,0:15:10.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your sex and gender matter.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:11.38,0:15:12.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:12.56,0:15:16.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)