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I've asked Doc Shearls and Isaac Wilder to come up and sit with Eben and continue the discussion.

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Eben Moglen. Thank You.

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Thank you. it's a pleasure to be here, and to see so many friends.

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I'm very grateful to David for the invitation, it's a privilege to be here.

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I'm going to talk of mostly

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about a subject almost as geeky as stuff we all talk about all the time,namely political economy.

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I'm going to try and make it less snooze-worthy than it sometimes seems to be,

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but you'll forgive me I'm sure for starting fairly far from OpenSSL,

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we'll get closer as time goes by.

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The developed economies around the world, all of them now,

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are beginning to experience a fundamentally similar and very depressing condition.

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They are required to impose austerity because levels of private debt have gummed up the works

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and the determination of the owners of capital to take vast risks with other peoples money

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have worked out extremely badly for the last half decade.

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And so austerity is the inevitable and politically damaging position for all the governments in the developed world,

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and some of those governments have begun to slip into a death spiral,

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in which the need to impose austerity and reduce public investment and welfare support for the young

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is harming economic growth, which prevents the austerity from having its desirable consequences.

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Instead of bad asset values being worked off and growth resuming,

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we are watching as the third largest economy in the world, the European Union,

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finds itself at the very verge of a currency collapse and a lost generation,

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which would have a profoundly depressing effects on the entire global economy.

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For the policy-makers

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--I recognize that few of them are here, they have of course, better things to do than to listen to us--

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for the policy-makers in other words, an overwhelming problem is now at hand,

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how do we have innovation and economic growth under austerity?

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They do not know the answer to this question

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and it is becoming so urgent that it is beginning to deteriorate their political control.

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Marginal parties in several very highly developed and thoughtful societies

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are beginning to attract substantial numbers of votes,

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and threatening the very stability of the economic planners' capacity to solve,

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or to attempt to solve, the problem of innovation under austerity.

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This is not good news for anybody.

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This is not good for anybody.

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We have no opportunity to cheer for this outcome,

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which is largely the result of incompetence in those people who claim to be worth all that money because they're so smart,

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it is partly the result of the political cowardice that gave them too much room to swing their cats.

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It is not that we are glad to see this happen, but there is a silver lining to the cloud.

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There are very few people in the world who know how to have innovation under austerity.

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We are they.

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We have produced innovation under austerity for the last generation

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and not only did we produce pretty good innovation

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we've produced innovation that all the other smart rich people took most of the credit for.

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Most of the growth that occurred

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during this wild and wacky period in which they took other people's money and went to the racetrack with it,

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was with innovation we produced for them.

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So now, despite the really bad circumstances which we too can deplore,

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because the unemployment is my graduating law students, your children,

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and all those other young people whose lives are being harmed for good by current bad economic circumstances.

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The people beginning their careers now will suffer substantial wage losses throughout their lifetimes.

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Their children will get a less good start in life because of what is happening now,

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we cannot be pleased about this.

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But we have a very substantial political opportunity.

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Because we do have the answer

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to the most important question pushing all the policy-makers in the developed world right now.

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That means we have something very important to say and I came here this morning primarily

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to begin the discussion about precisely how we should say it.

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And I want to present a working first draft of our argument,

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I say "our" because I look around the room and I see it's us here this morning.

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Our argument, about what to do with the quandary the world is in.

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Innovation under austerity is not produced

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by collecting lots of money and paying it to innovation intermediaries.

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One of the most important aspects of 21st century political economy

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is that the process we call disintermediation,

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when we're begin jargony about it, is ruthless, consistent, and relentless.

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Television is melting.

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I don't need to tell you that, you know already.

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Nobody will ever try to create a commercial encyclopedia again.

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Amazon's lousy little I-will-let-you-read-some-books-unless-I-decide-to-take-them-back machine

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is transforming publishing by eliminating the selective power of the book publishers,

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much as Mr. Jobs almost destroyed the entire global music industry under the pretense of saving it.

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A task his ghost is already performing for the magazine publishers as you can see.

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Disintermediation, the movement of power out of the middle of the net,

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is a crucial fact about 21st century political economy.

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It proves itself all the time.

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Somebody's going to win a Nobel Prize in economics for describing in formal terms the nature of disintermediation.

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The intermediaries who did well during the past 10 years, are limited to two sets:

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health insurers in the United States owing to political pathology, and the financial industry.

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Health insurers in the United States may be able to capitalize on the continuing political pathology

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to remain failing and expensive intermediaries for a while longer.

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But the financial industry crapped in it's own nest and is shrinking now and will continue for some time to do so.

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The consequence of which is that throughout the economic system, as the policy-maker observes it,

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the reality that disintermediation happens and you can't stop it

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becomes a guiding light in the formation of national industrial policy.

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So we need to say it's true about innovation also.

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The greatest technological innovation of the late 20th century is the thing we now call the World Wide Web.

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An invention less than 8000 days old.

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That invention is already transforming human society more rapidly than anything since the adoption of writing.

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We will see more of it.

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The nature of that process, that innovation, both fuels disintermediation,

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by allowing all sorts of human contacts to occur without intermediaries, buyers, sellers, agents, and controllers.

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And poses a platform in which a war over the depth and power of social control goes on,

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a subject I'll come back to in a few minutes.

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For now what I want to call attention to is the crucial fact that the World Wide Web is itself

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a result of disintermediated innovation.

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What Tim first did at CERN was not the Web as we know it now,

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the Web as we know it now was made by the disintermediated innovation of an enormous number of individual people.

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I look back on what I wrote about the future of personal homepages in 1995,

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and I see pretty much what I thought then would happen happening,

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I said then those few personal homepages are grass seed and a prairie is going to grow, and so it did.

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Of course, like all other innovation there were unintended consequences.

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The browser made the Web very easy to read.

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Though we built Apache, though we built the browsers,

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though we built enormous numbers of things on top of Apache and the browsers,

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we did not make the Web easy to write.

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So a little thug in a hooded sweatshirt made the Web easy to write,

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and created a man in the middle attack on human civilization,

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[Little Laughs]

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which is unrolling now to an enormous music of social harm.

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But that's the intermediary innovation that we should be concerned about.

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We made everything possible including, regrettably, PHP,

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and then intermediaries for innovation turned it into the horror that is Facebook.

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This will not turn out, as we can already see from the stock market result,

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to be a particularly favourable form of social innovation.

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It's going to enrich a few people.

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The government of Abu Dhabi,

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a Russian thug with a billion dollars already,

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a guy who can't wait to change his citizenship so he doesn't have to pay taxes to support the public schools,

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and a few other relics of 20th century misbehavior.

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But the reality of the story underneath is,

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if we'd had a little bit more disintermediated innovation,

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if we had made running your own web-server very easy,

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if we had explained to people from the very beginning how important the logs are,

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and why you shouldn't let other people keep them for you,

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we would be in a rather different state right now.

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The next Facebook should never happen.

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It's intermediated innovation serving the needs of financiers, not serving the needs of people.

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Which is not say that social networking shouldn't happen,

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it shouldn't happen with a man in the middle attack built into it.

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Everybody in this room knows that, the question is how do we teach everybody else.

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But as important as I consider everybody else to be right now, I want to talk about the policy-makers:

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how do we explain to them?

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And here we begin to divide the conversation into two important parts.

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One, what do we know about how to achieve innovation under austerity?

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Two, what prevents governments from agreeing with us about that?

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So let me present first my first draft of the positive case for innovation under austerity,

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it's called "We Made The Cloud".

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Everybody understands this in this room too.

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The very point about what's happening to information technology in the world right now,

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has to do with scaling up our late 20th century work.

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We created the idea that we could share operating systems and all the rest of the commoditizable stack on top of them.

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We did this using the curiosity of young people.

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That was the fuel, not venture capital.

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We had been at it for 15 years, and our stuff was already running everywhere,

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before venture capital or even industrial capital raised by IT giants came towards us.

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It came towards us not because innovation needed to happen,

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but because innovation had already happened,

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and they needed to monetize it.

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That was an extremely positive outcome, I have nothing bad to say about that.

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But the nature of that outcome, indeed the history as we lived it and as other can now study it,

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will show how innovation under austerity occurred.

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It's all very well to say that it happened because we harnessed the curiosity of young people,

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that's historically correct.

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But there's more than that to say.

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What we need to say is that that curiosity of young people could be harnessed

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because all of the computing devices in ordinary day to day use were hackable.

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And so young people could actually hack on what everybody used.

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That made it possible for innovation to occur,

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where it can occur, without friction, which is at the bottom of the pyramid of capital.

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This is happening now elsewhere in the world as it happened in the United States in the 1980s.

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Hundreds of thousands of young people around the world hacking on laptops.

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Hacking on servers.

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Hacking on general purpose hardware available to allow them to scratch their individual itches,

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technical, social, career, and just plain ludic itches.

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"I wanna do this it would be neat."

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Which is the primary source of the innovation which drove all

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of the world's great economic expansion in the last 10 years.All of it.

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Trillions of dollars of electronic commerce.

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Those of you old enough to remember when fighting Public Key Encryption tooth and nail,

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was the United States government's policy

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will remember how hard they fought,

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to prohibit 3.8 trillion dollars worth of electronic commerce from coming into existence in the world.

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We were (supposedly) proponents of nuclear terrorism and pedophilia in the early 1990s,

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and all the money that they earned

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in campaign donations and private equity profits and all the rest of it,

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is owing to the globalization of commerce we made possible,

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with the technology they wanted to send our clients to jail for making.

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That demonstrates neatly I think, to the next generation of policy-makers

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how thoroughly their adherence to the received wisdom

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is likely to contribute to the death spiral they now fear they're going to get into.

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And it should embolden us to point out once again that the way innovation really happens

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is that you provide young people with opportunities to create

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on an infrastructure which allows them to hack the real world, and share the results.

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When Richard Stallman wrote the call at the university in Suffolk??? for the universal encyclopedia,

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when he and Jimmy Wales and I were all much younger than we are now,

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it was (considered) a frivolous idea.

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It has now transformed the life of every literate person in the world.

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And it will continue to do so.

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The nature of the innovation established by Creative Commons,

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by the Free Software Movement,

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by Free Culture,

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which is reflected in the Web in the Wikipedia,

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in all the Free Software operating systems now running everything,

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even the insides of all those locked-down vampiric Apple things I see around the room.

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All of that innovation comes from the simple process of letting the kids play and getting out of the way.

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Which, as you are aware, we are working as hard as we can to prevent now completely.

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Increasingly, all around the world the actual computing artifacts of daily life

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for human individual beings are being made so you can't hack them.

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The computer science laboratory in every twelve year old's pocket is being locked-down.

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When we went through the anti-lockdown phase of the GPL 3 negotiations in the middle of last decade,

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it was somehow believed that the primary purpose for which Mr. Stallman and I were

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engaged in pressing everybody against lock-down had something to do with bootlegging movies.

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And we kept saying, this is not the Free Movie Foundation.

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We don't care about that.

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We care about protecting people's right to hack what they own.

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And the reason we care about it is, that if you prevent people from hacking on what they own themselves,

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you will destroy the engine of innovation from which everybody is profiting.

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That's still true.

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And it is more important now precisely because very few people thought we were right then,

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and didn't exert themselves to support that point of view,

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and now you have Microsoft saying we won't allow third-party browsers on ARM-based Windows RT devices.

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And you have the ghost of Mr. Jobs

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trying to figure out how to prevent even a free tool chain from existing in relation to iOS,

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and you have a world in which increasingly the goal of the network operators

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is to attach every young human being to a proprietary network platform with closed terminal equipment

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that she can't learn from, can't study, can't understand, can't whet her teeth on,

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can't do anything with except send text messages that cost a million times more than they ought to.

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And most of the so-called innovation in the world, in our sector,

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now goes into creating IT for network operators that improves no technology for users.

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Telecomms innovation in the world has basically ceased.

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And it will not revive so long as it is impossible to harness the forms of innovation that really work under austerity.

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This has a second-order consequence of enormous importance.

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Innovation under austerity occurs in the first-order

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because the curiosity of young people is harnessed to the improvement of the actual circumstances of daily life.

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The second-order consequence is (that) populations becomes more educated.

226
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Disintermediation is beginning to come to higher education in the United States,

227
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which means it is beginning to come to higher education around the world.

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We currently have two models.

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Coursera, is essentially the googlization of higher education, spun-off from Stanford as a for-profit entity,

230
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using closed software and proprietary educational resources.

231
00:22:54,589 --> 00:23:02,122
MITx, which has now edX through the formation of the coalition with Harvard University,

232
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is essentially the free world answer.

233
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Similar online scalable curriculum for higher education

234
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delivered over Free Software using free education resources.

235
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We have an enormous stake in the outcome of that competition.

236
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And it behooves all of us to put as much of our energy as we can

237
00:23:25,556 --> 00:23:34,356
behind the solutions which depend upon free courseware everybody can use, modify and redistribute,

238
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and educational materials based on the same political economy.

239
00:23:40,874 --> 00:23:45,477
Every society currently trying to reclaim innovation

240
00:23:45,724 --> 00:23:53,480
for the purpose of restarting economic growth under conditions of austerity needs more education,

241
00:23:53,773 --> 00:23:57,392
deliverable more widely at lower cost,

242
00:23:57,392 --> 00:24:04,248
which shapes young minds more effectively to create new value in their societies.

243
00:24:05,525 --> 00:24:13,232
This will not be accomplished without precisely the forms of social learning we pioneered.

244
00:24:14,740 --> 00:24:21,462
We said from the beginning that Free Software is the world's most advanced technical educational system.

245
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It allows anybody anywhere on earth, to get to the state of art in anything computers can be made to do,

246
00:24:29,758 --> 00:24:38,036
by reading what is fully available and by experimenting with it, and sharing the consequences freely.

247
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True computer science.

248
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Experimentation, hypothesis formation, more experimentation, more knowledge for the human race.

249
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We needed to expand that into other areas of culture,

250
00:24:55,256 --> 00:25:01,911
and great heroes like Jimmy Wales and Larry Lessig laid out infrastructure for that to occur,

251
00:25:02,003 --> 00:25:07,888
we now need to get governments to understand how to push it further.

252
00:25:10,442 --> 00:25:15,617
The Information Society Directorate of the European Commission issued a report 18 months ago,

253
00:25:16,325 --> 00:25:22,630
in which they said that they could scan 1/6th of all the books in European libraries

254
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for the cost of 100 km of roadway.

255
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That meant, and it is still true, that for the cost of 600 km of road,

256
00:25:33,643 --> 00:25:38,027
in an economy that builds thousands of kilometers of roadway every year,

257
00:25:38,027 --> 00:25:45,073
every book in all European libraries could be available to the entire human race, it should be done.

258
00:25:45,458 --> 00:25:49,792
[shout of "Copyright" from audience]

259
00:25:49,792 --> 00:25:57,766
Remember that most of those books are in the public domain, before you shout copyright at me.

260
00:26:00,259 --> 00:26:07,002
Remember that the bulk of what constitutes human learning was not made recently,

261
00:26:07,187 --> 00:26:10,575
before you shout the copyright at me.

262
00:26:12,776 --> 00:26:23,543
We should move to a world in which all knowledge previously available before this lifetime is universally available.

263
00:26:23,543 --> 00:26:30,020
If we don't, we will stunt the innovation which permits further growth.

264
00:26:30,728 --> 00:26:33,533
That's a social requirement.

265
00:26:34,210 --> 00:26:37,784
The copyright bargain is not immutable.

266
00:26:38,277 --> 00:26:41,087
It is merely convenient.

267
00:26:42,102 --> 00:26:47,250
We do not have to commit suicide culturally or intellectually

268
00:26:47,250 --> 00:26:53,027
in order to maintain a bargain which does not even relevantly apply

269
00:26:53,027 --> 00:26:58,456
to almost all of important human knowledge in most fields.

270
00:26:59,010 --> 00:27:02,407
Plato is not owned by anybody.

271
00:27:04,961 --> 00:27:12,954
So here we are, asking ourselves what the educational systems of the 21st century will be like,

272
00:27:13,662 --> 00:27:19,083
and how they will socially distribute knowledge across the human race.

273
00:27:19,545 --> 00:27:21,228
I have a question for you.

274
00:27:21,444 --> 00:27:26,666
How many of the Einsteins who ever lived were allowed to learn physics?

275
00:27:27,942 --> 00:27:29,055
A couple.

276
00:27:30,118 --> 00:27:34,774
How many of the Shakespeares who ever lived, lived and died without learning to read and write?

277
00:27:35,713 --> 00:27:37,291
Almost all of them.

278
00:27:38,276 --> 00:27:41,802
With 7 billion people in the world right now, 3 billion of them are children;

279
00:27:42,495 --> 00:27:44,680
how many Einsteins do you want to throw away today?

280
00:27:46,880 --> 00:27:49,529
The universalization of access to knowledge,

281
00:27:49,529 --> 00:27:56,580
is the single-most important force available for increasing innovation and human welfare on the planet.

282
00:27:56,996 --> 00:28:04,273
Nobody should be afraid to advocate for it because somebody might shout "copyright".

283
00:28:07,397 --> 00:28:10,802
So we are now looking at the second-order consequence

284
00:28:11,079 --> 00:28:15,917
of an understanding of how to conduct innovation under austerity.

285
00:28:15,917 --> 00:28:21,316
Expand access to the materials that create the ability to learn,

286
00:28:22,163 --> 00:28:30,997
adapt technology to permit the scientists below age 20 to conduct their experiments and share their results,

287
00:28:31,490 --> 00:28:38,147
permit the continuing growth of the information technology universe we created,

288
00:28:39,778 --> 00:28:43,493
by sharing, over the last quarter century,

289
00:28:44,447 --> 00:28:52,248
and we'd begin to experience something like the higher rates of innovation available,

290
00:28:52,864 --> 00:28:59,254
despite massive decreases in social investment occurring because of austerity.

291
00:29:01,624 --> 00:29:07,795
We also afford young people an opportunity to take their economic and professional destinies

292
00:29:07,795 --> 00:29:09,899
more into their own hands,

293
00:29:10,469 --> 00:29:16,813
an absolute requirement if we are to have social and political stability in the next generation.

294
00:29:17,613 --> 00:29:19,647
Nobody should be fooled

295
00:29:20,432 --> 00:29:28,082
about the prospects for social growth in societies where 50 percent of the people under 30 are unemployed.

296
00:29:30,143 --> 00:29:35,937
This is not going to be resolved by giving them assembly line car-building jobs.

297
00:29:36,384 --> 00:29:37,850
Everybody sees that.

298
00:29:38,805 --> 00:29:44,766
Governments are collectively throwing up their hands about what to do about the situation.

299
00:29:45,397 --> 00:29:51,648
Hence, the rapidity with which, in systems of proportional representation,

300
00:29:51,648 --> 00:29:55,455
young people are giving up on established political parties.

301
00:29:56,639 --> 00:30:03,410
When the Pirates can take 8.3% of the vote in Schleswig-Holstein,

302
00:30:04,949 --> 00:30:11,256
it is already clear that young people realize that established political policy-making

303
00:30:11,380 --> 00:30:16,085
is not going to be directed at their future economic welfare.

304
00:30:17,116 --> 00:30:25,198
And we need to listen, democratically, to the large number of young people around the world who insist

305
00:30:25,198 --> 00:30:29,315
that internet freedom and an end to snooping and control

306
00:30:29,315 --> 00:30:35,042
is necessary to their welfare and ability to create and live.

307
00:30:36,673 --> 00:30:43,131
Disintermediation means there will be more service providers throughout the economy

308
00:30:43,131 --> 00:30:46,236
with whom we are directly in touch.

309
00:30:46,498 --> 00:30:53,561
That means more jobs outside hierarchies and fewer jobs inside hierarchies.

310
00:30:54,131 --> 00:30:59,160
Young people around the world whether they are my law students about to get a law license,

311
00:30:59,499 --> 00:31:02,581
or computer engineers about to begin their practices,

312
00:31:02,581 --> 00:31:06,599
or artists, or musicians, or photographers,

313
00:31:06,599 --> 00:31:15,921
need more freedom in the net, and more tools with which to create innovative service delivery platforms for themselves.

314
00:31:16,691 --> 00:31:23,039
A challenge to which their elders would not have risen successfully in 1955,

315
00:31:23,532 --> 00:31:31,866
but we are new generation of human beings working under new circumstances, and those rules have changed.

316
00:31:32,082 --> 00:31:38,880
They know the rules have changed. The indignados in every square in Spain know the rules have changed.

317
00:31:40,865 --> 00:31:42,662
It's their governments that don't know.

318
00:31:46,447 --> 00:31:53,432
Which brings us I will admit to back to this question of anonymity, or rather, personal autonomy.

319
00:31:54,417 --> 00:31:58,417
One of the really problematic elements in teaching young people,

320
00:31:58,417 --> 00:32:02,001
at least the young people I teach, about privacy,

321
00:32:02,601 --> 00:32:07,959
is that we use the word privacy to mean several quite distinct things.

322
00:32:09,083 --> 00:32:12,002
Privacy means secrecy, sometimes.

323
00:32:12,433 --> 00:32:19,520
That is to say, the content of a message is obscured to all but it's maker and intended recipient.

324
00:32:20,751 --> 00:32:23,398
Privacy means anonymity, sometimes.

325
00:32:23,568 --> 00:32:31,711
That means messages are not obscured, but the points generating and receiving those messages are obscured.

326
00:32:33,219 --> 00:32:38,842
And there is a third aspect of privacy which in my classroom I call autonomy.

327
00:32:39,519 --> 00:32:44,803
It is the opportunity to live a life in which the decisions that you make

328
00:32:44,803 --> 00:32:51,719
are unaffected by others' access to secret or anonymous communications.

329
00:32:54,504 --> 00:33:00,916
There is a reason that cities have always been engines of economic growth.

330
00:33:02,101 --> 00:33:05,193
It isn't because bankers live there.

331
00:33:06,362 --> 00:33:10,656
Bankers live there because cities are engines of economic growth.

332
00:33:11,518 --> 00:33:16,959
The reason cities have been engines of economic growth since Sumer,

333
00:33:17,667 --> 00:33:22,490
is that young people move to them, to make new ways of being.

334
00:33:23,352 --> 00:33:30,729
Taking advantage of the fact that the city is where you escape the surveillance of the village,

335
00:33:31,253 --> 00:33:34,246
and the social control of the farm.

336
00:33:35,354 --> 00:33:39,903
"How you gonna keep them down on the farm after they've seen Paris?"

337
00:33:39,903 --> 00:33:47,324
was a fair question in 1919 and it had a lot do with the way the 20th century worked in the United States.

338
00:33:49,171 --> 00:33:54,894
The city is the historical system for the production of anonymity

339
00:33:54,894 --> 00:34:00,200
and the ability to experiment autonomously in ways of living.

340
00:34:01,185 --> 00:34:02,742
We are closing it.

341
00:34:07,219 --> 00:34:08,416
Some years ago,

342
00:34:09,370 --> 00:34:15,786
to wit, at the beginning of 1995 we were having a debate at the Harvard Law School about Public Key Encryption.

343
00:34:16,571 --> 00:34:17,565
Two on two.

344
00:34:18,258 --> 00:34:22,571
On one side Jamie Gorelick, then the Deputy Attorney General of the United States,

345
00:34:22,571 --> 00:34:24,586
and Stewart Baker, then as now

346
00:34:24,586 --> 00:34:30,818
at Steptoe & Johnson when he isn't in the United States government making horrendous social policy.

347
00:34:32,003 --> 00:34:35,736
On the other side, Danny Weitzner, now in the White House, and me.

348
00:34:36,798 --> 00:34:42,388
And we spent the afternoon talking back and forth about whether we should have to escrow our

349
00:34:42,388 --> 00:34:44,654
keys with the United States government,

350
00:34:44,654 --> 00:34:48,368
whether the clipper chip was going to work and many other very interesting subjects

351
00:34:48,368 --> 00:34:50,591
now as obsolete as Babylonia.

352
00:34:52,053 --> 00:34:56,303
And after it was all over, we walked across the Harvard campus for dinner at the Harvard Faculty Club

353
00:34:56,303 --> 00:34:59,237
and on the way across the campus Jamie Gorelick said to me:

354
00:34:59,237 --> 00:35:03,604
"Eben, on the basis of nothing more than your public statements this afternoon

355
00:35:03,604 --> 00:35:07,721
I have enough to order the interception of your telephone conversations."

356
00:35:08,321 --> 00:35:10,440
In 1995 that was a joke.

357
00:35:11,071 --> 00:35:16,788
It was a joke in bad taste when told to a citizen by an official of the United States Justice Department,

358
00:35:16,788 --> 00:35:17,980
but it was a joke,

359
00:35:17,980 --> 00:35:21,512
and we all laughed because everybody knew you couldn't do that.

360
00:35:23,405 --> 00:35:24,666
So we ate our dinner,

361
00:35:25,605 --> 00:35:30,574
and the table got cleared and all the plates went away, and the port and walnuts got scattered around, and

362
00:35:31,021 --> 00:35:34,939
Stewart Baker looked up and said "alright, we'll let our hair down",

363
00:35:34,939 --> 00:35:36,371
and he had none then and he has none now,

364
00:35:36,371 --> 00:35:38,243
but "we'll let our hair down" Stewart said,

365
00:35:39,105 --> 00:35:41,729
"we're not going to prosecute your client Mr Zimmerman.

366
00:35:42,560 --> 00:35:47,206
We've spent decades in a holding action against Public Key Encryption

367
00:35:47,206 --> 00:35:51,737
it's worked pretty well but it's almost over now, we're gonna let it happen."

368
00:35:52,844 --> 00:35:54,957
And then he looked around the table and he said,

369
00:35:55,573 --> 00:35:58,386
"but nobody here cares about anonymity do they?"

370
00:35:59,448 --> 00:36:01,617
And a cold chill went up my spine.

371
00:36:02,371 --> 00:36:04,898
And I thought, "OK, Stewart, I understand how it is.

372
00:36:05,222 --> 00:36:09,007
You're going to let there be Public Key Encryption because the bankers are going to need it.

373
00:36:09,838 --> 00:36:14,805
And you're going to spend the next 20 years trying to stop people from being anonymous ever again,

374
00:36:14,805 --> 00:36:17,484
and I'm going to spend those 20 years trying to stop you."

375
00:36:18,638 --> 00:36:24,156
So far I must say from my friend Mr. Baker has been doing better than I had hoped,

376
00:36:24,156 --> 00:36:27,189
and I have been doing even worse than I had feared.

377
00:36:27,882 --> 00:36:31,278
Partly because of the thug in a hoodie, and partly for other reasons.

378
00:36:32,770 --> 00:36:37,188
We are on the verge of the elimination of the human right to be alone.

379
00:36:38,373 --> 00:36:41,956
We are on the verge of the elimination of the human right to do your own thinking,

380
00:36:41,956 --> 00:36:45,382
in your own place, in your own way without anybody knowing.

381
00:36:47,706 --> 00:36:50,389
Somebody in this room just proved a couple of minutes ago

382
00:36:50,389 --> 00:36:56,222
that if he shops at a particular web-store using one browser, he gets a different price than on the other.

383
00:36:56,807 --> 00:36:59,768
Because one of the browsers is linked to his browsing history.

384
00:37:00,722 --> 00:37:06,922
Prices, offers, commodities, opportunities,

385
00:37:08,307 --> 00:37:13,253
are now being based upon the data mining of everything.

386
00:37:14,777 --> 00:37:20,490
A senior government official in this government said to me after the United States changed its rules

387
00:37:20,490 --> 00:37:25,323
about how long they keep information on everybody about whom nothing is suspected

388
00:37:25,323 --> 00:37:27,114
- you all do know about that right?

389
00:37:27,807 --> 00:37:32,457
Rainy Wednesday on the 21st of March, long after the close of business,

390
00:37:33,058 --> 00:37:37,358
Department of Justice and the DNI, that's the Director of National Intelligence,

391
00:37:37,358 --> 00:37:42,372
put out a joint press release announcing minor changes in the Ashcroft rules,

392
00:37:43,326 --> 00:37:49,065
including a minor change that says that all personally identifiable information in government databases

393
00:37:49,065 --> 00:37:57,266
at the National Center for Counter-Terrorism that are based around people of whom nothing is suspected,

394
00:37:57,790 --> 00:38:03,431
will no longer be retained as under the Ashcroft rules for a maximum of 180 days,

395
00:38:03,908 --> 00:38:09,093
the maximum has now been changed to 5 years, which is infinity.

396
00:38:10,278 --> 00:38:12,341
In fact I told my students in my classroom,

397
00:38:12,341 --> 00:38:16,791
the only reason they said 5 years was they couldn't get the sideways eight into the font [Laughs]

398
00:38:16,791 --> 00:38:20,041
for the press release,so they used an approximation.

399
00:38:22,241 --> 00:38:26,041
So I was talking to a senior official of this government about that outcome

400
00:38:26,041 --> 00:38:32,516
and he said well you know we've come to realize that we need a robust social graph of the United States.

401
00:38:33,870 --> 00:38:37,819
That's how we're going to connect new information to old information.

402
00:38:38,958 --> 00:38:43,369
I said let's just talk about the constitutional implications of this for a moment.

403
00:38:44,308 --> 00:38:48,055
You're talking about taking us from the society we have always known,

404
00:38:48,809 --> 00:38:51,631
which we quaintly refer to as a free society,

405
00:38:52,308 --> 00:38:57,786
to a society in which the United States government keeps a list of everybody every American knows.

406
00:38:58,910 --> 00:39:02,392
So if you're going to take us from what we used to call a free society

407
00:39:02,392 --> 00:39:09,727
to a society in which the US government keeps a list of everybody every American knows,

408
00:39:10,127 --> 00:39:12,933
what should be the constitutional procedure for doing this?

409
00:39:13,441 --> 00:39:16,456
Should we have, for example, a law?

410
00:39:17,610 --> 00:39:18,706
He just laughed.

411
00:39:19,891 --> 00:39:21,585
Because of course they didn't need a law.

412
00:39:22,309 --> 00:39:26,859
They did it with a press release on a rainy Wednesday night after everybody went home,

413
00:39:26,859 --> 00:39:28,361
and you live there now.

414
00:39:30,792 --> 00:39:37,210
Whether it is possible to have innovation under conditions of complete despotism

415
00:39:37,902 --> 00:39:39,557
is an interesting question.

416
00:39:40,727 --> 00:39:45,975
Right-wing Americans or maybe even center-right Americans,

417
00:39:45,975 --> 00:39:51,642
have long insisted that one of the problems with 20th century totalitarianism,

418
00:39:51,642 --> 00:39:54,569
from which they legitimately distinguish themselves,

419
00:39:55,016 --> 00:40:00,562
was that it eliminated the possibility of what they call free markets and innovation.

420
00:40:00,993 --> 00:40:03,443
We're about to test whether they were right.

421
00:40:05,843 --> 00:40:13,212
The network, as it stands now, is an extraordinary platform for enhanced social control.

422
00:40:14,489 --> 00:40:19,366
Very rapidly, and with no apparent remorse,

423
00:40:20,043 --> 00:40:27,110
the two largest governments on earth, that of the United States of America and the People's Republic of China

424
00:40:27,110 --> 00:40:30,578
have adopted essentially identical points of view.

425
00:40:30,578 --> 00:40:34,293
[Clapping]

426
00:40:34,293 --> 00:40:39,011
A robust social graph connecting government to everybody

427
00:40:39,011 --> 00:40:46,677
and the exhaustive data mining of society is both governments fundamental policy

428
00:40:47,031 --> 00:40:55,136
with respect to their different forms of what they both refer to, or think of, as stability maintenance.

429
00:40:57,244 --> 00:41:02,394
It is true of course that they have different theories of how to maintain stability for whom and why,

430
00:41:02,394 --> 00:41:08,611
but the technology of stability maintenance is becoming essentially identical.

431
00:41:09,826 --> 00:41:14,163
We need, we, who understand what is happening, need,

432
00:41:14,163 --> 00:41:16,445
to be very vocal about that.

433
00:41:18,984 --> 00:41:22,261
But it isn't just our civil liberties that are at stake,

434
00:41:22,261 --> 00:41:26,152
I shouldn't need to say that, that should be enough, but of course it isn't.

435
00:41:28,414 --> 00:41:36,713
We need to make clear that the other part of what that costs us is the very vitality and vibrancy

436
00:41:36,713 --> 00:41:39,720
of invention culture and discourse,

437
00:41:40,413 --> 00:41:44,612
that wide open robust and uninhibited public debate

438
00:41:44,612 --> 00:41:49,304
that the Supreme Court so loved in New York Times against Sullivan.

439
00:41:50,212 --> 00:41:56,713
And that freedom to tinker, to invent, to be different, to be non-conformist

440
00:41:56,713 --> 00:42:02,816
for which people have always moved to the cities that gave them anonymity,

441
00:42:02,816 --> 00:42:07,942
and a chance to experiment with who they are, and what they can do.

442
00:42:08,896 --> 00:42:18,359
This more than anything else, is what sustains social vitality and economic growth in the 21st century.

443
00:42:19,914 --> 00:42:23,897
Of course we need anonymity for other reasons.

444
00:42:24,651 --> 00:42:30,380
Of course we are persuing something that might be appropriately described

445
00:42:30,380 --> 00:42:33,333
as protection for the integrity of the human soul.

446
00:42:35,595 --> 00:42:37,511
But that's not government's concern.

447
00:42:38,511 --> 00:42:45,175
It is precisely the glory of the way we understand civil society that that is not government's concern.

448
00:42:45,745 --> 00:42:53,524
It is precisely our commitment to the idea of the individual's development at her own pace,

449
00:42:54,078 --> 00:42:55,674
and in her own way,

450
00:42:56,028 --> 00:43:02,300
that has been the centerpiece of what we understood to be our society's fundamental commitment

451
00:43:02,300 --> 00:43:07,067
that means that the protection for the integrity of the human soul is our business,

452
00:43:07,067 --> 00:43:08,868
not the government's business.

453
00:43:10,715 --> 00:43:14,717
But government must attend to the material welfare of its citizens

454
00:43:14,717 --> 00:43:19,852
and it must attend to the long run good of the society they manage.

455
00:43:20,268 --> 00:43:24,133
And we must be clear to government that there is no tension

456
00:43:24,579 --> 00:43:30,427
between the maintenance of civil liberty in the form of the right to be let alone,

457
00:43:30,951 --> 00:43:36,881
there is no distinction between the civil liberty policy of assuring the right to be let alone,

458
00:43:36,881 --> 00:43:41,701
and the economic policy of securing innovation under austerity.

459
00:43:41,701 --> 00:43:44,065
They require the same thing.

460
00:43:44,712 --> 00:43:46,571
We need Free Software,

461
00:43:47,018 --> 00:43:49,304
we need Free Hardware we can hack on,

462
00:43:49,551 --> 00:43:56,447
we need Free Spectrum we can use to communicate with one another,without let or hindrance.

463
00:43:57,001 --> 00:44:04,435
We need to be able to educate and provide access to educational material to everyone on earth

464
00:44:04,435 --> 00:44:07,633
without regard to the ability to pay.

465
00:44:08,202 --> 00:44:17,408
We need to provide a pathway to an independent economic and intellectual life, for every young person.

466
00:44:18,685 --> 00:44:21,629
The technology we need, we have.

467
00:44:23,153 --> 00:44:29,231
I have spent some time and many people in this room, including Isaac have spent more time now,

468
00:44:29,293 --> 00:44:39,964
trying to make use of cheap, power efficient compact server computers, the size of AC chargers for mobile phones,

469
00:44:40,657 --> 00:44:47,973
which with the right software we can use to populate the net with robots that respect privacy,

470
00:44:48,835 --> 00:44:54,654
instead of the robots that disrespect privacy which we now carry in almost every pocket.

471
00:44:56,854 --> 00:45:05,599
We need to retrofit the first law of robotics into this society within the next few minutes or we're cooked.

472
00:45:07,061 --> 00:45:10,427
We can do that. That's civil innovation.

473
00:45:11,674 --> 00:45:19,079
We can help to continue the long lifetime of general purpose computers everybody can hack on.

474
00:45:19,803 --> 00:45:24,399
By using them, by needing them, by spreading them around.

475
00:45:25,153 --> 00:45:32,053
We can use our own force as consumers and technologists to deprecate

476
00:45:32,053 --> 00:45:35,929
closed networks and locked-down objects,

477
00:45:37,053 --> 00:45:44,469
but without clear guidance in public policy we will remain a tiny minority,

478
00:45:45,654 --> 00:45:48,718
8.3% let's say.

479
00:45:49,903 --> 00:45:58,746
Which will not be sufficient to lift us out of the slough into which the bankers have driven us.

480
00:46:00,623 --> 00:46:04,371
Innovation under austerity is our battle-cry.

481
00:46:05,371 --> 00:46:11,070
Not a battle-cry for the things we most care about, but the ones the other people most care about.

482
00:46:11,070 --> 00:46:15,487
Our entree to social policy for the next five years,

483
00:46:15,487 --> 00:46:20,747
and our last chance to do in government

484
00:46:20,747 --> 00:46:26,228
what we have not been able to do by attempting to preserve our mere liberties.

485
00:46:26,844 --> 00:46:33,616
Which have been shamefully abused by our friends in government as well as by our adversaries.

486
00:46:34,355 --> 00:46:39,021
We have been taken to the cleaners with respect to our rights,

487
00:46:39,021 --> 00:46:42,670
and we have been taken to the cleaners with respect to everybody's money.

488
00:46:43,455 --> 00:46:48,048
I wish that I could say that the easiest thing to do was going to be to get our freedoms back,

489
00:46:48,772 --> 00:46:49,450
it isn't.

490
00:46:50,189 --> 00:46:56,071
Nobody will run in the election this year on the basis of the restoration of our civil liberties.

491
00:46:56,733 --> 00:47:00,683
But they will all talk about austerity and growth.

492
00:47:01,221 --> 00:47:04,880
And we must bring our message where they are.

493
00:47:06,480 --> 00:47:07,923
That's my first draft.

494
00:47:08,739 --> 00:47:13,253
Inadequate in every way, but at least a place to start.

495
00:47:14,238 --> 00:47:15,972
And if we have no place to start,

496
00:47:17,588 --> 00:47:18,437
we will lose.

497
00:47:19,422 --> 00:47:21,506
And our loss will be long.

498
00:47:22,322 --> 00:47:24,073
And the night will be very dark.

499
00:47:25,181 --> 00:47:26,440
Thank you very much.

500
00:47:26,440 --> 00:47:57,436
[Aplause]

501
00:47:57,436 --> 00:48:00,123
Thank you that's very kind of you, now let's talk about it.

502
00:48:00,585 --> 00:48:01,764
[Lauging]

503
00:48:28,581 --> 00:48:30,430
[Oh, yeah I'll I,m sorry]

504
00:48:30,430 --> 00:48:34,468
[Some Murmuring]

505
00:48:35,914 --> 00:48:36,834
[Ok Thank you]

506
00:48:43,818 --> 00:48:45,365
Ahh we should begin,

507
00:48:45,365 --> 00:48:46,062
yeah.

508
00:48:48,401 --> 00:48:51,074
Not yet... Aha, that on.

509
00:48:51,074 --> 00:48:55,447
[Doc Shearls]I like to begin this because, I hope I'd speak for a lot of the people here.

510
00:48:55,724 --> 00:49:00,532
That was not just one of the best speeches that I have ever heard,

511
00:49:01,086 --> 00:49:02,883
it's one of the most important.

512
00:49:04,007 --> 00:49:08,108
And it wouldn't be unless we follow up on it,

513
00:49:08,508 --> 00:49:09,885
we act on it.

514
00:49:10,209 --> 00:49:14,192
I felt like... actually Elliot that sitted next to be to says he felt like

515
00:49:14,192 --> 00:49:17,792
this is an “I have a dream speech” and I think that's what it is.

516
00:49:17,792 --> 00:49:20,916
But I think Eben ended it with the nightmare.

517
00:49:21,624 --> 00:49:25,954
And if you weren't moved by the speech your frog is boiled.

518
00:49:26,724 --> 00:49:29,959
And I think our frogs have been boiling for a lot of time.

519
00:49:29,959 --> 00:49:36,667
I don't know if anybody else but ??? to prevailing conditions, whatever those happen to be.

520
00:49:37,051 --> 00:49:42,910
And they have gradually worsen over time, and in ways that we don't fully understand,

521
00:49:42,910 --> 00:49:45,917
and our lives are busy so we go about what we have to do.

522
00:49:46,825 --> 00:49:48,992
So, what I want to do is

523
00:49:48,992 --> 00:49:55,292
test this audience with participating with the “Free Everything Movement”

524
00:49:55,292 --> 00:49:59,009
that Eben has laid out for us, now.

525
00:49:59,009 --> 00:50:05,010
So, I wouldn't see that just as a Q&A session but as all of use freely contributing

526
00:50:05,010 --> 00:50:10,777
to the framework that Eben has laid out, and that we've been part of for a long time.

527
00:50:10,777 --> 00:50:14,141
I love the way he included us in this. This is …

528
00:50:14,141 --> 00:50:15,842
There is natural selection here.

529
00:50:15,842 --> 00:50:18,035
This is a select group.

530
00:50:18,682 --> 00:50:22,242
David has done an amazing job of pulling in the right people together.

531
00:50:22,242 --> 00:50:25,443
The name of this event begins with Freedom,

532
00:50:25,443 --> 00:50:27,909
and I think that needs to be our end as well.

533
00:50:27,909 --> 00:50:32,241
So... and I have nothing to add to such a fabulous talk.

534
00:50:33,287 --> 00:50:35,135
[Isaac Wilder]Eben I would like to ask you a question.

535
00:50:37,075 --> 00:50:42,187
Is it tension between Freedom and Convinience?

536
00:50:43,111 --> 00:50:50,428
And I wonder how you see that tension playing out?

537
00:50:51,244 --> 00:51:02,004
I think you urged us to focus on innovation but I wonder if....

538
00:51:03,081 --> 00:51:12,962
and I think that's compelling to this audience, perhaps the policy makers,

539
00:51:13,593 --> 00:51:19,283
but to the average user convenience is an issue.

540
00:51:19,760 --> 00:51:21,082
[Eben Moglen] Yeah it's true,

541
00:51:21,944 --> 00:51:29,807
which is not only the relation between technology and society, it's too about lots of other things as well.

542
00:51:32,376 --> 00:51:40,678
The constitutional theorist Bruce Ackerman wrote a lengthy multi-volume history of the Constitution in the US,

543
00:51:40,678 --> 00:51:48,245
on the basic premise that most of the time, most people don't want to engage in

544
00:51:48,245 --> 00:51:51,161
deep thinking about politics and society.

545
00:51:51,161 --> 00:51:57,043
It only happens very occasionally, and the Founders of the American Republic, Bruce said,

546
00:51:57,043 --> 00:52:02,988
tried in the Federalist structure to take advantage of those occasional moments,

547
00:52:02,988 --> 00:52:05,717
when people want to pay attention.

548
00:52:05,779 --> 00:52:12,644
But here again, and I focus on this because the demographics are so important.

549
00:52:12,844 --> 00:52:17,828
That sense, of convenience being more important than other values,

550
00:52:17,828 --> 00:52:21,625
moment by moment is more true of grown-ups than it is for children.

551
00:52:22,979 --> 00:52:26,195
I go all around the world, I talk to goverments about all sorts of things

552
00:52:26,195 --> 00:52:29,530
connected with technology of 21st century society,

553
00:52:29,530 --> 00:52:34,763
and I hear from people, from presidents to ministers, to local planning commitees,

554
00:52:34,763 --> 00:52:40,245
all sorts of stories about the terrible social problems (that) their cultures and communities face.

555
00:52:40,245 --> 00:52:44,895
And I find my self often saying “Yes, all right, this is a really really horrible problem.

556
00:52:44,895 --> 00:52:49,412
It's extraordinary difficult and it demands immense amounts of energy to deal with.

557
00:52:49,412 --> 00:52:53,512
You need the strongest social force possible to deal with this.

558
00:52:53,512 --> 00:52:58,854
And the strongest social force ever, available, anywhere is the curiocity of children.

559
00:52:58,978 --> 00:53:00,928
You need to harness it.”

560
00:53:00,928 --> 00:53:06,032
We have actually both lessons. The thing you call tension, right?

561
00:53:06,032 --> 00:53:08,145
It's a tension indeed.

562
00:53:08,145 --> 00:53:14,680
Because it is true that grown ups in their busy lives find themselves willing to do anything that works,

563
00:53:14,680 --> 00:53:17,893
and if you hand them a box with an F-Button on it they'll push it,

564
00:53:18,263 --> 00:53:23,296
whether it costs them or not, or whether it connects them a great big

565
00:53:23,296 --> 00:53:26,114
man-in-the-middle-attack on their social lives or not,

566
00:53:26,114 --> 00:53:29,447
or whether their friends are riding them out of the weekends to their employers,

567
00:53:29,447 --> 00:53:31,219
they pay very little attention.

568
00:53:31,219 --> 00:53:32,565
It's now.

569
00:53:33,181 --> 00:53:36,183
But you give a thing to an 8-year-old and it's not like that anymore.

570
00:53:36,614 --> 00:53:38,413
He's got plenty of time.

571
00:53:38,413 --> 00:53:41,896
You give a 12-year-old a thing like that and she is ready to take it apart.

572
00:53:41,896 --> 00:53:44,761
She's not thinking about convenience, she's thinking about learning.

573
00:53:45,115 --> 00:53:46,597
She's doing science.

574
00:53:47,197 --> 00:53:48,793
She's playing around.

575
00:53:49,363 --> 00:53:54,023
And I have seen in more places of the world that I can think to name,

576
00:53:54,253 --> 00:53:59,394
that force of those children, fooling around with computers and doing amazing things.

577
00:53:59,871 --> 00:54:01,565
You'd see it everywhere you'd go.

578
00:54:02,319 --> 00:54:04,649
So I believe the tension is there.

579
00:54:04,649 --> 00:54:10,140
I believe usability is a crucial problem in building tools for privacy in Freedom.

580
00:54:10,140 --> 00:54:14,822
FreedomBox, the stack of software we need to make for all these little objects in the world,

581
00:54:14,822 --> 00:54:20,739
you know this even better than I do, it's partly about function, but it's mostly about integration and usability.

582
00:54:20,739 --> 00:54:25,240
We've done all the hard work. My laptop, your laptop we are pretty safe.

583
00:54:25,240 --> 00:54:30,005
The problem is how we make this work for real people with real, busy, daily lives.

584
00:54:30,005 --> 00:54:32,526
So the tension is there but the answer is there too.

585
00:54:32,526 --> 00:54:34,604
We need to empower children.

586
00:54:34,604 --> 00:54:40,342
And part of what is wrong with the technology is the extent to which they are becoming not inventors but consumers.

587
00:54:40,789 --> 00:54:43,788
If that process is completed, we really are sunk.

588
00:54:46,204 --> 00:54:49,036
[Doc Shearls] Let them go back and forth with both sides over here. (You) first.

589
00:54:49,390 --> 00:54:50,861
[Michael Nelson] Michael Nelson of Georgetown University.

590
00:54:51,723 --> 00:54:54,191
I have at least 15 different questions that I would like to ask you,

591
00:54:54,638 --> 00:54:57,742
starting with encryptions as I was
[Eben Moglen]I remember...

592
00:54:57,742 --> 00:55:00,797
[Michael Nelson] Stuart Baker's best friend, from the White House.
[Eben Moglen] Yeah Yeah

593
00:55:01,013 --> 00:55:05,495
It make things very hard for me, Mike, I'm really it's not true anymore. It's isn't true anymore, right?

594
00:55:05,788 --> 00:55:06,910
[Laughs]

595
00:55:07,125 --> 00:55:09,389
[Michael Nelson] I would like to urge you to run for Congress,

596
00:55:09,389 --> 00:55:13,237
preferably by moving to Palm Springs moving against Mary Bono Mack,
[Laughs]

597
00:55:15,144 --> 00:55:17,543
[Eben Moglen] I don't think they would like me in Palm Springs May,

598
00:55:18,190 --> 00:55:21,423
But the thing I hope you'll do after that speech,

599
00:55:21,423 --> 00:55:27,123
which I agree it's like the “I have a dream” speech is to actually engage your critics.

600
00:55:27,123 --> 00:55:31,741
I mean the speech is great, and youtube video would be seen by thousands of people,

601
00:55:31,741 --> 00:55:33,559
mostly your friends and supporters.

602
00:55:33,943 --> 00:55:35,648
I think you need to engage your critics.

603
00:55:35,648 --> 00:55:41,673
I mean something like the federalists papers where we have the two big questions debated from both sides,

604
00:55:41,673 --> 00:55:46,450
and we get both parties... both viewpoints expressed.

605
00:55:46,450 --> 00:55:49,549
But I would like to ask one quick, very specific question.

606
00:55:50,057 --> 00:55:52,323
Because I think the first part of your speech

607
00:55:52,323 --> 00:55:58,673
about general purpose computing and user-centric computing is really where we have to start.

608
00:55:58,673 --> 00:56:01,925
And I would like to have your assessment , and anyone else's assessment,

609
00:56:01,925 --> 00:56:08,322
as to why Nicolas Negreponte in the One Laptop Per Child which was based on the same principles...

610
00:56:08,507 --> 00:56:14,947
empowering the children, building open-source, creating things from the ground-up, why that didn't happen?

611
00:56:14,947 --> 00:56:19,349
Even though tens of millions of dollars invested and lots of people bought it.

612
00:56:20,042 --> 00:56:24,571
What was that... what was missing there? And how we can not have the same problem this time around.

613
00:56:24,925 --> 00:56:28,114
Well Nick is by best friend too sometimes,

614
00:56:28,591 --> 00:56:31,147
which makes it a little hard to answer the question.

615
00:56:32,056 --> 00:56:36,175
Hardware is difficult, right? ,and software is easy.

616
00:56:36,175 --> 00:56:39,475
That's why the FreedomBox isn't a Box, it's just some software,

617
00:56:39,475 --> 00:56:44,322
because we can make it better, quicker, cheaper and we don't have to buy off all the problems.

618
00:56:46,259 --> 00:56:49,391
Two things happened as a consequence of One Laptop Per Child.

619
00:56:49,391 --> 00:56:53,109
The IT industry around the world realized that there was a thing that was better

620
00:56:53,109 --> 00:56:56,726
to make the laptops with a high profit margin and they started making them.

621
00:56:56,726 --> 00:57:02,275
So Nick in fact proved my point, in that side pretty well., no failure there.

622
00:57:02,275 --> 00:57:05,189
He conducted innovation with tiny amounts of money,

623
00:57:05,189 --> 00:57:11,406
which capitalism in it's biggest globalists ??? wasn't going to get to because it was too riskoverse??? to try.

624
00:57:11,822 --> 00:57:17,079
So in one sense it panned out, it's just that it panned out as more products for consumers.

625
00:57:17,326 --> 00:57:23,593
The second thing is that Nick tried to do something really really important with Mesh Networking,

626
00:57:23,593 --> 00:57:27,609
and it was as another friend of ours very close to the thing said:

627
00:57:27,609 --> 00:57:29,531
“It was a wonderful failed experiment.”.

628
00:57:30,193 --> 00:57:31,376
It didn't work.

629
00:57:31,376 --> 00:57:36,716
It worked great in the lab but it didn't work real well in Montevideo and it worked even less well in Peru,

630
00:57:36,716 --> 00:57:39,260
and after a while everybody went back to:

631
00:57:39,260 --> 00:57:41,919
“Well, let's have a classroom server and use wifi”.

632
00:57:42,427 --> 00:57:49,790
And this is the part of the thing that I was really trying to talk about in the big broad general way, right?

633
00:57:49,975 --> 00:57:50,969
We need Mesh.

634
00:57:51,708 --> 00:57:58,377
We need a way of doing communication which is not based around operation-centric architecture.

635
00:57:58,377 --> 00:58:00,910
Is the FCC going to do that for us? No.

636
00:58:00,910 --> 00:58:06,077
You want to engage my critics. They'd bought decades of it, right?

637
00:58:06,077 --> 00:58:12,593
So now we are in a situation in which if there is one man in this room doing ???Hendrix,

638
00:58:12,593 --> 00:58:16,841
there is one man in this room who might help us to figure out what we're gonna do about this.

639
00:58:16,841 --> 00:58:22,029
We must have Build-it-Yourself networking that really works.

640
00:58:22,029 --> 00:58:24,678
Nick was a vissionary and he tried.

641
00:58:24,678 --> 00:58:29,635
And if it had been ready then, we would be living in a different world now.

642
00:58:30,051 --> 00:58:31,260
But it wasn't.

643
00:58:31,260 --> 00:58:36,278
I think that technical failure of an honorable and important kind.

644
00:58:36,278 --> 00:58:42,427
I think he conducted a vast innovative experiment and succeeded beyond his wildest dreams,

645
00:58:42,427 --> 00:58:45,925
but the other guys run away with the profits as usual,

646
00:58:46,310 --> 00:58:48,897
and the one peace we really really needed

647
00:58:48,897 --> 00:58:54,911
which was communications technology that deprives the centralized network operator of power,

648
00:58:54,911 --> 00:58:56,446
we weren't ready for it.

649
00:58:56,446 --> 00:59:00,162
Now we have more closed network than open network,

650
00:59:00,162 --> 00:59:06,278
more people using propietary closed ver??? of forms somewhat like the Internet,

651
00:59:06,278 --> 00:59:07,631
than the Internet itself,

652
00:59:08,278 --> 00:59:11,318
and we've lost big in that process.

653
00:59:11,595 --> 00:59:14,429
Now it's a harder thing to deal with.

654
00:59:14,429 --> 00:59:15,298
I don't....

655
00:59:16,329 --> 00:59:19,211
I have the felling as in some any other ways in life

656
00:59:19,211 --> 00:59:21,447
that I've been guided by my friend Lary Lessig

657
00:59:22,184 --> 00:59:24,547
running for Congress is what I'm not going to do.

658
00:59:24,547 --> 00:59:25,411
[Laughs]

659
00:59:25,411 --> 00:59:30,412
Do you have another suggestion of how to engage critics Mike?

660
00:59:30,412 --> 00:59:34,045
I'd love to take one. But that's not one that I wanna take.

661
00:59:34,045 --> 00:59:36,972
[Michael Nelson] But the Federalists papers was a serious one.
[Eben Moglen]Allright.

662
00:59:37,388 --> 00:59:42,194
[Michael Nelson]It means something every week. With the critic point at your falacies and you could point out their falacies.

663
00:59:42,194 --> 00:59:46,312
Allright. Let's do it. Let's find the ones who want to engage.

664
00:59:46,312 --> 00:59:51,959
[Doc Shearls] We have 27 minutes left, so try to make it quick. It's not much time.

665
00:59:51,959 --> 00:59:56,397
[Kery Nelson] My question would be, what do you mean by this World Wall??? that could serve as a Server,

666
00:59:56,397 --> 00:59:59,729
and how close are we to the hardware and why do you want to have it.

667
00:59:59,729 --> 01:00:05,263
Let me ??? the question by saying that in order to do the Onion Router,

668
01:00:06,478 --> 01:00:09,746
you need to be able to have your own server.

669
01:00:09,746 --> 01:00:14,466
In order to do anonymization you need to have your own server ability,

670
01:00:14,466 --> 01:00:21,458
in order to build an network of our own within the network that is increasingly out of our control,

671
01:00:21,458 --> 01:00:25,862
we need to be able to upload and download from our own servers,

672
01:00:25,862 --> 01:00:31,881
I often wonder if the amount of energy being put into

673
01:00:31,881 --> 01:00:39,781
prevention of file sharing out of all proportion to the economic value of any copyright infridgement that's going on,

674
01:00:39,781 --> 01:00:47,330
is a sign that those in power understand that they must stop our ability to be our own nodes.

675
01:00:47,330 --> 01:00:49,610
This is that ... the answer??? lies with you, thank you.

676
01:00:51,315 --> 01:00:55,731
[Isaac Wilder] So, there are two things in play here.

677
01:00:55,731 --> 01:00:58,896
There is logical peer to peer, overlay networks,

678
01:00:59,359 --> 01:01:04,354
and there is what we call material peer to peer, physical material networks.

679
01:01:04,847 --> 01:01:08,814
And there is a complex interplay of those forces.

680
01:01:09,014 --> 01:01:16,539
So the FreedomBox tends to be a tool that participates in that logical network,

681
01:01:17,063 --> 01:01:20,058
no matter what its connection to the Internet is,

682
01:01:20,797 --> 01:01:25,442
and can serve as seed of a material, physical network.

683
01:01:25,781 --> 01:01:29,765
Now the question was, how close are we, (and) what needs to be done.

684
01:01:29,765 --> 01:01:34,576
As Eben said, the basic tools are there.

685
01:01:34,915 --> 01:01:36,823
We know how to build overlay networks.

686
01:01:36,823 --> 01:01:44,759
There's been incredible advances over the last decade in distributed computational systems.

687
01:01:45,698 --> 01:01:53,074
So that's there. It really at this point is a matter of integrating those tools in a way that makes them usable.

688
01:01:53,782 --> 01:01:59,865
And as developers, that's something, we are not always great at.

689
01:02:00,050 --> 01:02:09,838
But it's certainly tractable, and we are at the point where these pieces just need to fit together.

690
01:02:10,085 --> 01:02:17,150
The hardware is in production, and the software is in

691
01:02:18,166 --> 01:02:22,317
not quite alpha stage I guess you would say, but there are building blocks there.

692
01:02:22,733 --> 01:02:26,584
[Eben Moglen]The world is gonna fill up over there in the next 6 or 7 years

693
01:02:26,584 --> 01:02:30,933
with small, very inexpensive, very powerful servers,

694
01:02:30,933 --> 01:02:36,032
which are based around ARM chips and fit in a thing that fits in your hand,

695
01:02:36,032 --> 01:02:41,711
and uses small amounts of power that you could really run of a battery or array.

696
01:02:41,835 --> 01:02:50,194
The FreedomBox project, which we started talking about in early 2010 and got serious about in early 2011,

697
01:02:50,671 --> 01:02:55,979
is basically a pro-privacy router stack based on Debian

698
01:02:56,194 --> 01:02:59,119
that fits in servers like that.

699
01:02:59,596 --> 01:03:02,714
James Vizil??? of the Open Internet Tools Project,

700
01:03:02,714 --> 01:03:06,113
who used to work for me at Software Freedom Law Center has just left the room,

701
01:03:06,113 --> 01:03:09,482
has one with him this morning he told me.

702
01:03:09,806 --> 01:03:13,528
Isaac and hundreds of really good people around the world

703
01:03:13,528 --> 01:03:17,632
including Jacob Appelbaum of Tor are working on FreedomBox.

704
01:03:17,632 --> 01:03:21,948
The Tor project would be developing on FreedomBox stack in future.

705
01:03:23,024 --> 01:03:30,047
Our goal is to put a small cheap object that replaces your wireless router

706
01:03:30,047 --> 01:03:36,400
in as many places, homes, and businesses, and safe-deposit boxes in the world as we can get,

707
01:03:36,507 --> 01:03:40,413
running software which makes secure peer to peer connections

708
01:03:40,413 --> 01:03:47,714
between people whose identities have been assured in civil society in a web of trust like way,

709
01:03:47,914 --> 01:03:54,814
and which can provide a soft migration away from centralized social networking tools

710
01:03:54,814 --> 01:03:59,020
like Facebook and Flickr and so on,

711
01:03:59,282 --> 01:04:05,232
towards systems which actually share only with the people you really mean to share with,

712
01:04:05,232 --> 01:04:09,999
and which resist the effort of other people to see what's going on.

713
01:04:09,999 --> 01:04:17,532
Some of that work is work we all use all the time based around Tunneling VPNs,and other simple stuff,

714
01:04:17,532 --> 01:04:21,083
some of this is the Onion Router Infrastructure we are building,

715
01:04:21,083 --> 01:04:27,948
some of it is efforts to increase our meshablitity by spreading a lot of stuff,

716
01:04:27,948 --> 01:04:31,285
which is both base station and client around the world,

717
01:04:31,285 --> 01:04:38,482
some of it is efforts to take advantage of skunkworks projects now inside the large IT vendors,

718
01:04:38,482 --> 01:04:44,998
who also know that small ARM-based servers are gonna replace the heavy iron they've selling,

719
01:04:44,998 --> 01:04:49,716
but the real net of it, bottom seed of it is

720
01:04:49,716 --> 01:04:52,365
control your own server, keep your own logs,

721
01:04:52,365 --> 01:04:59,584
do it in a away that resists tampering from external parties who aren't working in your interest,

722
01:04:59,584 --> 01:05:04,967
create some robots who really do have the first law of robotics inside them, [Small Laugh]

723
01:05:04,967 --> 01:05:10,806
and put them at the portals between private networks and the open public net.

724
01:05:10,883 --> 01:05:18,366
If we do that, we begin as Isaac says to interleave the virtual peer to peerage of the net

725
01:05:18,366 --> 01:05:23,376
with some actual hundreds of thousands and then millions, then tens of millions,

726
01:05:23,376 --> 01:05:28,933
ultimately billions of peers that run in the interests of the people who own them.

727
01:05:28,933 --> 01:05:29,812
[David ??? Event Organizer] Isaac and

728
01:05:29,966 --> 01:05:37,591
[Kery Nelson] I would like to introduce my self. I'm Kery Nelson, ????? thank you.

729
01:05:38,899 --> 01:05:44,217
[David ??? Event Organizer]Guys, Isaac and Eben, do you know Tim Sheppard?

730
01:05:44,217 --> 01:05:45,617
[Isaac] We met last night.

731
01:05:45,617 --> 01:05:54,685
Ok, good. The reason that I put these kinds of things together is that people like you can meet people like Tim.

732
01:05:54,685 --> 01:06:01,951
Tim's MIT Phd thesis was on the practical,

733
01:06:03,074 --> 01:06:06,845
the applied mathematics and for that matter the physics

734
01:06:06,845 --> 01:06:14,376
of Mesh Networking and he is an early pioneer, this was 1991.

735
01:06:15,437 --> 01:06:16,840
[Tim Sheppard?] 1995

736
01:06:16,840 --> 01:06:22,530
[???] 95 ok. With David Clark at MIT. You guys really ought to talk.

737
01:06:22,884 --> 01:06:25,634
[Eben] I still have location-based routing. I wish it could work.

738
01:06:25,634 --> 01:06:27,151
[Small Laugh]

739
01:06:27,920 --> 01:06:32,093
[Preston Ray] Hi Eben, my name is Preston Ray, I'm with the Open Technology Institute.

740
01:06:32,093 --> 01:06:37,036
You mentioned towards the interview speech, about how the community people in this room, and the people,

741
01:06:37,036 --> 01:06:42,919
the community we are part of, has the knowledge, understands the technology, grasps,

742
01:06:42,919 --> 01:06:46,400
appreciates and evangelizes the philosophy that you are talking about,

743
01:06:46,400 --> 01:06:49,719
to make free collaborative education to all,

744
01:06:49,719 --> 01:06:55,345
to solve our world's problems of economic stagnation, innovation stagnation, austerity.

745
01:06:56,499 --> 01:07:00,668
You know, we should recognize that we are also very much a community of privilege

746
01:07:00,668 --> 01:07:06,846
in many ways, not only of our grasp of knowledge, and not only of our grasp, you know,

747
01:07:06,846 --> 01:07:12,057
of the tools and everything that makes these things work, but the backgrounds we come from,

748
01:07:12,057 --> 01:07:16,679
we are able to afford this conference, and many other privileges that I won't go into.

749
01:07:17,140 --> 01:07:21,694
What do you feel our responsibility, a role is in,

750
01:07:22,926 --> 01:07:25,617
bringing about the world you are talking about,

751
01:07:25,617 --> 01:07:32,170
if we are indeed only 8,3% of the world we can't assume to represent the entire world,

752
01:07:32,170 --> 01:07:35,369
but what is our role in that entire ...

753
01:07:35,369 --> 01:07:37,269
[Eben Moglen] I doubt that we are 8.3% of the world.

754
01:07:37,269 --> 01:07:40,868
What supprises we are 8.3% of Schleswig-Holstein [Laughs].

755
01:07:40,868 --> 01:07:44,502
But let me say a little bit about.

756
01:07:44,502 --> 01:07:52,202
I'm been engaged for several years now, with a community computing center located in a slum in Bangalore,

757
01:07:52,202 --> 01:07:58,770
the original center was located in a cluster of people who have been living in that spot,

758
01:07:58,770 --> 01:08:03,619
first as a untouchable people, now as merely poor people for very long time,

759
01:08:04,326 --> 01:08:06,501
-2200 people with only one toilet-

760
01:08:07,808 --> 01:08:12,828
Where some young communists working for the big IT firms in Bangalore,

761
01:08:12,828 --> 01:08:19,064
fished out computer out of the garbage, put free software open, and opened a computer center in that slum.

762
01:08:19,725 --> 01:08:26,863
And what came out was not so much people who wanted to learn how to use an office suite and get an office job.

763
01:08:27,371 --> 01:08:33,420
It turned out they were painters using the GIMP to paint the pictures one pixel at a time,

764
01:08:33,420 --> 01:08:36,856
and they were singers, and they were writers.

765
01:08:37,287 --> 01:08:45,488
They were people whose communities had never had so much as the possibility of dreaming of any of those things,

766
01:08:45,488 --> 01:08:47,959
but that didn't matter the kids, because they were kids.

767
01:08:48,022 --> 01:08:52,762
They just did whatever and it was it has changed many people's lives.

768
01:08:54,501 --> 01:08:57,745
My financial support for that activity has been rather minor,

769
01:08:57,745 --> 01:09:02,910
because they'd not take more money that they can use in order to avoid corruption.

770
01:09:03,772 --> 01:09:09,272
And my moral support has been, I'd say, grossly inadequate.

771
01:09:09,703 --> 01:09:15,403
But nonetheless, working together, we've achieved some quite interesting things

772
01:09:15,403 --> 01:09:20,287
which have changed dozens of lives and which have produced some teachers,

773
01:09:20,287 --> 01:09:23,891
so they can go out and change a bunch of lives more.

774
01:09:23,891 --> 01:09:28,722
I try to work really quite heavily in my classroom

775
01:09:28,722 --> 01:09:35,638
to remind American Law Students who are genuinely sagging at an ease a little bit with all their debt,

776
01:09:35,638 --> 01:09:40,750
to think of themselves as privileged in the way you say, and it's important to do.

777
01:09:40,750 --> 01:09:45,246
But even more important maybe that recognizing our difference

778
01:09:45,246 --> 01:09:50,208
from the other people in the world who have so much less is recognizing our similarity.

779
01:09:51,131 --> 01:09:56,654
When given the opportunity, those Ainsteins in the street are just like our Ainstens.

780
01:09:56,654 --> 01:10:03,029
There are better than us. Smarter, stronger, more capable of farthing??? out the mysteries of the universe.

781
01:10:03,721 --> 01:10:08,473
We really need to begin at the stage of life that we are pretty equal. That is when we are children.

782
01:10:08,473 --> 01:10:11,725
And we really need to make possible for those children

783
01:10:11,725 --> 01:10:17,605
to experiment and learn and grow, regardless of their state of economic deprivation.

784
01:10:17,605 --> 01:10:21,771
The beauty of the zero marginal cost revolution in human affairs,

785
01:10:21,771 --> 01:10:26,507
is we can put all knowledge, all culture, all music, all art,

786
01:10:26,507 --> 01:10:31,208
all everything that matters to the development of the human mind, everywhere, all the time.

787
01:10:31,655 --> 01:10:40,015
In the Sudharshan Layout in Bangalore, 2200 people, one toilet, 1700 children and 914 mobile phones.

788
01:10:40,323 --> 01:10:45,558
- Everyone of these mobile phone which is carried by the poorest of the poor in many societies,

789
01:10:45,558 --> 01:10:49,198
and which it would be carried by everybody in the human race by 2050 -

790
01:10:49,198 --> 01:10:52,672
Everyone of those devices can have every book, and every play,

791
01:10:52,672 --> 01:10:57,511
and every piece of music, every equation, every experiment on it.

792
01:10:57,665 --> 01:10:59,773
And every brain will grow.

793
01:10:59,773 --> 01:11:04,632
Try that and we can worry less about deprivation and more about progress.

794
01:11:07,216 --> 01:11:10,603
[Little Applause]

795
01:11:12,141 --> 01:11:18,301
[Isaac Wilder] The will of humanity towards total connectedness is at manifest at this point.

796
01:11:19,040 --> 01:11:24,751
And I said it before and I'd say it again, the fundamental dialectic of our struggle is this.

797
01:11:26,290 --> 01:11:29,601
Will we be enslaved by our technology, or liberated by it?

798
01:11:30,525 --> 01:11:37,867
As technologists, as those privileged enough to understand what exists now and what is coming,

799
01:11:39,437 --> 01:11:43,951
aren't it be our responsibility as to making it sure that is liberation technology

800
01:11:43,951 --> 01:11:45,864
instead of enslavement technology?

801
01:11:46,033 --> 01:11:50,429
And I think everyone in this room understands that but,

802
01:11:51,644 --> 01:11:53,752
the priviledge does come with responsibility.

803
01:11:54,060 --> 01:11:57,059
And it's to so sound that alarm.

804
01:11:59,705 --> 01:12:01,462
[Doc Shearls] Look it over here.

805
01:12:01,462 --> 01:12:03,774
[Nick Grossman] Hi, Nick Grossman from MIT Media Lab.

806
01:12:03,774 --> 01:12:09,875
At first, I thought your thoughts about why cities are innovative and why interesting thing happen,

807
01:12:09,875 --> 01:12:15,675
why people go there and how autonomy.... What autonomy is and why that matters.

808
01:12:15,675 --> 01:12:21,076
Very compelling, super-relevant Internet, and I think it's a metaphor that will make gain in momentum's.

809
01:12:21,076 --> 01:12:23,615
So, thank you for laying that out. And I also agree...

810
01:12:23,615 --> 01:12:29,023
So getting back to how we convince our governments to go in this general direction.

811
01:12:29,023 --> 01:12:35,108
I agree that innovation is a very powerful frame.My question is the...

812
01:12:36,031 --> 01:12:39,992
the line between full truly open innovation , you are talking about it,

813
01:12:39,992 --> 01:12:41,673
and sort of semi-open innovation as new-ons???.

814
01:12:41,673 --> 01:12:44,158
I think everyone in this room gets it.

815
01:12:44,158 --> 01:12:45,292
But it's easy to say:

816
01:12:45,292 --> 01:12:47,860
“Look at how many apps you can build on the facebook platform,

817
01:12:47,860 --> 01:12:52,045
or look at how many, you know, how many things on the iPhone platform, and that's innovation.

818
01:12:52,492 --> 01:12:57,365
And when you are talking to … whoever, you know that … there is a distinction there.

819
01:12:57,365 --> 01:13:04,959
And so, what do you see is the best way illustrate that and try and walk the line between …

820
01:13:05,557 --> 01:13:11,614
you know ... fully open and kind of open and is that … is possible to do that?

821
01:13:11,614 --> 01:13:14,877
[Eben Moglen] Well you know we went down this road before.

822
01:13:14,877 --> 01:13:19,674
Because as The Free Software Movement was gaining strength,

823
01:13:19,674 --> 01:13:26,461
Microsoft was creating that enormous ecosystem of Windows Developers, of which it was justly proud.

824
01:13:27,015 --> 01:13:30,632
They were justly proud because they gave them control of the API,

825
01:13:30,632 --> 01:13:33,683
but the developers were justly proud of the software they wrote.

826
01:13:33,683 --> 01:13:37,232
They were only two things … [Laugher]

827
01:13:37,232 --> 01:13:40,713
One was it was totally dependent on the Microsoft Ecosystem,

828
01:13:40,713 --> 01:13:43,649
which as ???Richard Claxer said was K-Mart software.

829
01:13:44,433 --> 01:13:48,940
And the other was that they were hampered by the fact that they have to invent everything themselves.

830
01:13:49,464 --> 01:13:53,853
In order to get in, you had to buy the SDK and then you were alone in your garage,

831
01:13:53,853 --> 01:13:55,865
trying to make something great.

832
01:13:55,865 --> 01:14:01,665
But the whole system have been biased in such a way that you couldn't share and you couldn't learn.

833
01:14:01,665 --> 01:14:09,105
And so it didn't turn out to be as good as the C shell, that created a generation of computer scientists.

834
01:14:09,105 --> 01:14:14,915
So they got us a bunch of Windows developers, they made a bunch of stuff and we went fine.

835
01:14:14,915 --> 01:14:19,222
And now the Microsoft is closing the code museum and freezing them out.

836
01:14:19,775 --> 01:14:23,265
That's the problem, isn't, it with proprietary innovation.

837
01:14:23,265 --> 01:14:27,051
It runs according to the strength of the business model and then it fails.

838
01:14:27,051 --> 01:14:32,417
The reason we beat Microsoft was (that) we were even less subject to evolutionary data,

839
01:14:32,417 --> 01:14:34,189
and they were and they knew it.

840
01:14:34,235 --> 01:14:38,560
That's what the strength was of the GPL, and I'm not so happy

841
01:14:38,560 --> 01:14:44,565
if ??? decides that it doesn't need to keep some copyleft stuff at the middle of it.

842
01:14:44,565 --> 01:14:48,434
Because it closes the end on innovation.

843
01:14:48,434 --> 01:14:50,265
The important thing about innovation,

844
01:14:50,265 --> 01:14:55,306
-and we say it when we are in places which I have the grandeur of MIT to say it in -

845
01:14:55,306 --> 01:14:59,000
is, “it's a long run business. Not a short run business.

846
01:14:59,185 --> 01:15:02,767
Proprietary software development whether for the Windows Ecosystem

847
01:15:02,767 --> 01:15:06,809
or the iOS Ecosystem is a game of base hits, not home runs.

848
01:15:07,117 --> 01:15:10,884
You can put a neat app on a thing and it's neat and we really love it,

849
01:15:10,884 --> 01:15:13,825
and why don't you share it with us so we can do better?

850
01:15:13,825 --> 01:15:15,796
Oh, the SDK terms this,

851
01:15:15,796 --> 01:15:19,300
and the App Store terms that and no sharing allowed

852
01:15:19,300 --> 01:15:21,934
because Steve Jobs slept here once,

853
01:15:21,934 --> 01:15:27,402
and nobody else can sleep in any bet he ever slept in, unless they have his permission and all that stuff.

854
01:15:27,402 --> 01:15:32,117
It's OK, it's B+ innovation, but we can do better.

855
01:15:32,117 --> 01:15:36,734
And the point of being at experts or inspirers of innovation

856
01:15:36,734 --> 01:15:41,552
is to help those bright young people to do stuff that lasts for the long term.

857
01:15:41,706 --> 01:15:44,585
And you can explain in that frame,

858
01:15:44,585 --> 01:15:47,653
why the political economy of closed end innovation

859
01:15:47,653 --> 01:15:51,324
isn't really where you want to put your good idea when you are 17.

860
01:15:51,324 --> 01:15:55,867
If Jimmy Wales have gone to work for Encyclopedia Brittanica or Compton,

861
01:15:55,867 --> 01:16:02,687
I'm sure they'd be paying him a decent salary , and that's become what innovation was supposed to be.

862
01:16:02,687 --> 01:16:04,114
It gets you a job.

863
01:16:04,668 --> 01:16:08,491
That's when we are really in trouble. Thomas Edison didn't want a job.

864
01:16:08,491 --> 01:16:11,218
[comment in backround]

865
01:16:11,218 --> 01:16:12,062
Fair Enough.

866
01:16:12,386 --> 01:16:15,591
I'm not going to speak in favor of mister Edison as an individual.

867
01:16:15,591 --> 01:16:16,939
I'm no in speak...[Laugh]

868
01:16:16,939 --> 01:16:23,334
I'm only going to speak in favor of the idea of innovation is for the long run, and that's what counts.

869
01:16:23,334 --> 01:16:29,768
And if you go to a guy who sells you your life back in return for your idea, that's not long run.

870
01:16:33,335 --> 01:16:37,088
[Doc Shearls] So we had 10 minutes here, and we've got I think five people left, so John quick.

871
01:16:37,504 --> 01:16:41,255
[John Platkin]I'll be quick as I see Chris Savage and Harold. I want to hear their questions as well.

872
01:16:41,379 --> 01:16:47,058
John Platcik from MIC???, once again, even great talk, always I enjoy it here when you talk.

873
01:16:47,058 --> 01:16:49,151
A couple unrelated points.

874
01:16:49,151 --> 01:16:54,403
One, when we talked about convenience vs control,

875
01:16:54,403 --> 01:16:56,487
you know, everybody is using the wireless microphone,

876
01:16:56,487 --> 01:17:02,351
they come out of that is spectrum, everyone should be aware of in this room at least.

877
01:17:02,351 --> 01:17:07,835
But more, I want to give you a chance to talk and end in more of an optimistic note.

878
01:17:07,835 --> 01:17:15,451
I see that the Maker Movement and all the hardware hacking that's going on, as tremendously optimistic for the future.

879
01:17:15,451 --> 01:17:18,504
I see... you are in a maker fair and you see kids,

880
01:17:19,504 --> 01:17:22,131
doing exactly what you described, playing around.

881
01:17:22,485 --> 01:17:25,875
How can we get your message sort of...

882
01:17:26,737 --> 01:17:28,836
you don't want to mess with that fooling around,

883
01:17:28,836 --> 01:17:35,139
but somehow direct it to understanding the larger ecosysstem that they eventually gonna live in,

884
01:17:35,139 --> 01:17:36,529
with those innovations.

885
01:17:36,698 --> 01:17:38,490
[Eben Moglen] I don't know. I'll learn from you.

886
01:17:39,506 --> 01:17:43,764
[Doc Shearls] Actually I would like to touch a??? point and a prior point.

887
01:17:43,764 --> 01:17:48,487
I was remembering, when Eben was talking about, kids.

888
01:17:48,487 --> 01:17:55,758
You know, what I did when I was a kid was I loved radio and I loved to ??? screwdrivers, and I was a Ham radio operator.

889
01:17:56,220 --> 01:18:02,319
You know, there was no computing in 1961 that a kid could do, but I hacked on radios.

890
01:18:02,319 --> 01:18:07,548
And I just wanna call Dwayne Hendrix to the mike for a second to talk about,

891
01:18:08,087 --> 01:18:13,450
what we were talking about at the Hall about opportunities with amateur radio that still exist.

892
01:18:16,972 --> 01:18:20,177
[Dwayne Hendrix] Thanks. Amateur radio has been around for about 100 years now.

893
01:18:20,470 --> 01:18:26,602
And by treaty, it's in most countries on the planet.

894
01:18:27,156 --> 01:18:30,242
I can take my amateur radio privileges from the US

895
01:18:30,242 --> 01:18:33,681
and go to all those countries, and operate just like I was here.

896
01:18:35,020 --> 01:18:40,628
Eben talked about (the) need to have free access to spectrum with no middle man, ok?

897
01:18:40,936 --> 01:18:44,885
The amateur radio service is just that, ok?

898
01:18:45,270 --> 01:18:47,114
There is no FCC in the middle.

899
01:18:47,638 --> 01:18:53,582
You can create wireless devices, you self certify them, ok?

900
01:18:53,998 --> 01:18:59,850
And as I said, you can take them to other places on the planet and operate them without asking anybody.

901
01:19:00,389 --> 01:19:04,623
In fact, with the licence class I have, I can put a

902
01:19:04,623 --> 01:19:10,186
communications platform in orbit without asking permission of the FCC.

903
01:19:10,432 --> 01:19:11,840
That is powerful.

904
01:19:12,516 --> 01:19:18,907
So there is a lot of misapprehensions and misunderstandings about what amateur radio is about,

905
01:19:18,907 --> 01:19:22,983
perpetrated by organizations like American Radio Relay League.

906
01:19:23,522 --> 01:19:27,508
It's all about innovation under your own control.

907
01:19:27,755 --> 01:19:32,940
Gives you complete access to spectrum, as long as you don't use it for commersial purposes.

908
01:19:33,371 --> 01:19:35,250
So let me just leave you with one thought.

909
01:19:35,789 --> 01:19:41,685
Ten years ago, I was working for a company called COM21 the founder of which was Paul Baran,

910
01:19:41,855 --> 01:19:44,885
who is sort of known as the Grand Father of the Internet, right?

911
01:19:45,192 --> 01:19:53,280
Paul basically said: “Look what I've learned is that I look at all these people around building proprietary radios, ok?,

912
01:19:53,603 --> 01:19:54,947
and they come and go.

913
01:19:55,409 --> 01:20:00,039
If you gonna create a business look at mass produced radios.

914
01:20:00,546 --> 01:20:03,425
And use those and more of them to your own needs.

915
01:20:03,887 --> 01:20:05,780
There is two mass produced radios today.

916
01:20:06,057 --> 01:20:08,056
WiFi and Cable modems.

917
01:20:08,672 --> 01:20:11,278
With a little construct called a transverter,

918
01:20:11,740 --> 01:20:13,907
-a transverter also known as a linear translator-

919
01:20:13,907 --> 01:20:18,040
you could take the inputs and outputs of a cable modem or any wifi device

920
01:20:18,040 --> 01:20:20,891
and put it anywhere in the radio spectrum.

921
01:20:21,614 --> 01:20:24,938
And couple that with an amateur radio licence

922
01:20:24,938 --> 01:20:32,717
and now you have cheap hardware that you can go anywhere and not ask permission of anybody, ok?

923
01:20:33,271 --> 01:20:40,379
So, look into this. I mean, Amateur radio, basically output devices that

924
01:20:41,056 --> 01:20:43,463
.... you don't have to have an amateur licence to use it.

925
01:20:43,463 --> 01:20:51,758
I mean, under my amateur radio authority I can have as many transmitters operating in the US territory without...

926
01:20:51,758 --> 01:20:53,840
and have people just like you use them,

927
01:20:53,840 --> 01:20:57,448
all I have to do is to be able to turn on and off the device,ok?

928
01:20:57,772 --> 01:21:03,534
When I was working at COM21 we littered the bay area with cable modems that have transverters

929
01:21:03,534 --> 01:21:07,190
and have a wireless Internet network, ok?,

930
01:21:07,974 --> 01:21:11,574
(and) that we had a lot of people use it, ok?,

931
01:21:11,758 --> 01:21:15,507
so we didn't get any money for it, we didn't charge anybody for Internet access,

932
01:21:15,799 --> 01:21:19,342
but we provided innovation of a different nature.

933
01:21:19,558 --> 01:21:20,391
That's it.

934
01:21:20,899 --> 01:21:22,304
[Doc Shearls] Also thanks, thanks Dwayne.

935
01:21:22,304 --> 01:21:23,417
[Applause]

936
01:21:23,417 --> 01:21:25,405
[Doc Shearls]Yeah. Go.

937
01:21:25,929 --> 01:21:28,457
[Harold Phelp]Harold Phelp ??? with public knowledge.

938
01:21:30,734 --> 01:21:34,575
First of all, I have to say that maybe I'm alone in this

939
01:21:34,575 --> 01:21:40,097
but I tend to think of this more as the ???? speech rather than the “I have a dream speech”.[Laughs]

940
01:21:41,974 --> 01:21:50,352
And in those small part, because I'll notice who kicked butt on the field of Ozonecorp ???.

941
01:21:51,522 --> 01:21:58,706
But the one thing that I did want to raise and ask is if you have seen

942
01:21:58,706 --> 01:22:03,264
Corry Doctorow's recent pissed on the failure of geek politics.

943
01:22:03,741 --> 01:22:05,056
And this is a …

944
01:22:07,641 --> 01:22:14,553
I'll confess to my own self interest as Washington Insider focused on the FCC,

945
01:22:14,553 --> 01:22:20,376
but I just wanna to stress and ask folks like you who are out there

946
01:22:20,376 --> 01:22:27,237
to encourage engagement in these processes,

947
01:22:28,176 --> 01:22:34,962
and especially when the temptation to despair about getting productive results is so high.

948
01:22:35,809 --> 01:22:39,283
But also point out the posiv aspect of this is …

949
01:22:39,807 --> 01:22:41,009
-Dwayne actually focused this-

950
01:22:41,501 --> 01:22:47,204
there are actually a lot of opportunities that are here and around us,

951
01:22:47,204 --> 01:22:51,851
and I really think that there is a lot that could be done,

952
01:22:53,389 --> 01:23:03,411
as has been done now already with a number of folks who in trying to organize a more focused agenda,

953
01:23:04,427 --> 01:23:10,746
that would be a positive, legislative and regulatory agenda, rather than a defensive one.

954
01:23:11,577 --> 01:23:15,062
And I just wanna put that out there,

955
01:23:15,062 --> 01:23:24,776
as well as any interest in working with anybody who is interested in taking up arms here.

956
01:23:29,608 --> 01:23:36,560
Hi, ???? .

957
01:23:36,560 --> 01:23:39,039
Thanks for bringing up the Ham radio issue.

958
01:23:39,039 --> 01:23:42,053
That's really very very interesting field right now,

959
01:23:42,053 --> 01:23:48,816
especially since we got ten box STRs in the form of TVB-T receivers.

960
01:23:49,525 --> 01:23:52,085
Just take them out and reprogram them. It's very interesting.

961
01:23:53,301 --> 01:23:56,311
And one other thing for Eben …

962
01:23:56,787 --> 01:24:00,729
when you were talking about OLPC, sort of I had a small dejavu.

963
01:24:01,699 --> 01:24:05,389
I was there at that time, when they were doing their mesh research,

964
01:24:05,928 --> 01:24:10,507
I was flying from Boston to Europe, and I was couple of time was telling them,

965
01:24:10,923 --> 01:24:14,150
we got these huge networks there we got it already done,

966
01:24:14,535 --> 01:24:19,562
and they were still working on the specific ???? implementation which just failed.

967
01:24:19,946 --> 01:24:24,002
So I would like to deposit the thought that we should cooperate more closely,

968
01:24:24,002 --> 01:24:30,190
because we have quite some experience, and it might save us 8 years of R&D. Thanks.

969
01:24:32,283 --> 01:24:36,119
[Doc Shearls]OK. We have 2 minutes and 33 seconds left and the musicians are here so here's Chris...

970
01:24:37,058 --> 01:24:38,346
[Chris Savage]Chris Savage, Random Medicine.

971
01:24:39,962 --> 01:24:45,137
I agree with Harold. This was not quite a “I have a Dream Speech” was more like “Saint Christmas Day”

972
01:24:45,137 --> 01:24:45,786
[Little Laugh]

973
01:24:45,786 --> 01:24:50,677
and I would like to ask you and the folks would ask themselves the following question.

974
01:24:50,677 --> 01:24:53,976
Assuming that you've laid down the battlelines correctly,

975
01:24:55,083 --> 01:24:56,909
what would Gandhi do?


976
01:25:04,772 --> 01:25:06,466
[Doc Shearls]Would Gandhi battle?

977
01:25:07,143 --> 01:25:11,287
[Backround speech]

978
01:25:11,287 --> 01:25:14,624
[Eben Moglen] Well, then I'm in total agree with you.

979
01:25:16,454 --> 01:25:18,725
I'm uncomfortable with all the comparisons.

980
01:25:18,725 --> 01:25:23,186
So let me put them aside and say that

981
01:25:24,709 --> 01:25:30,044
my part of this work ugly??? enough is just making lawyers. Right?

982
01:25:30,044 --> 01:25:30,650
[Laughs]

983
01:25:30,650 --> 01:25:33,745
That's what I actually do for a living.

984
01:25:33,745 --> 01:25:38,759
And before we all get grunt about it, what that really means is,

985
01:25:39,021 --> 01:25:45,302
teaching young people who have enormous opportunities to change society,

986
01:25:45,302 --> 01:25:50,020
that they shouldn't go and take jobs pushing corporate finance paper instead.

987
01:25:50,405 --> 01:25:58,680
I'm not actually trying in my earnest suggestions to the contrary of what I'm standing,

988
01:25:58,680 --> 01:26:01,038
I'm not trying to wield any power.

989
01:26:01,683 --> 01:26:03,067
I do want to talk to people,

990
01:26:03,067 --> 01:26:07,805
and I admit that bad happens when you talk to people in large groups for long periods of time,

991
01:26:07,805 --> 01:26:10,825
which is actually not terribly productive,

992
01:26:10,825 --> 01:26:13,538
but what I think we are trying to do,

993
01:26:13,538 --> 01:26:19,488
and here you question about Mahatma Gandhi seems relevant to me,

994
01:26:19,488 --> 01:26:23,128
I'm trying to make the people to believe that they are the solution to the problem.

995
01:26:23,621 --> 01:26:30,350
I'm trying to get people to believe that it's in their hands, not in hands of some mysterious power far away.

996
01:26:30,504 --> 01:26:32,426
We got to win this close up.

997
01:26:33,088 --> 01:26:36,478
You must have to AsianCorp motiv then that's the one to have.

998
01:26:36,771 --> 01:26:39,562
This is not going to be dealt with at a distance.

999
01:26:39,670 --> 01:26:45,272
This is actually done in those muddy slipping and falling places where all this goes on.

1000
01:26:45,395 --> 01:26:48,723
If Harold thinks that we can do it at the FCC, that's great.

1001
01:26:48,723 --> 01:26:52,940
I'm not sure that I believe him, but he can, if I can.

1002
01:26:53,371 --> 01:26:57,706
What I'm really asking is for all of us to recognize,

1003
01:26:57,706 --> 01:27:03,167
we are gonna have to talk to language of political economy and government policy for a while.

1004
01:27:03,506 --> 01:27:09,660
We've talked the language of licencing and how to make Free Software, and that has run out.

1005
01:27:10,337 --> 01:27:17,029
So now the time has come to talk about how we save societies itches,by scratching them with freedom.

1006
01:27:17,522 --> 01:27:20,120
And if we can do that, then we'll win.

1007
01:27:20,550 --> 01:27:21,911
Thanks everybody.

1008
01:27:21,911 --> 01:27:30,355
[Applause]