[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.90,0:00:02.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Twenty years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.38,0:00:05.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I was a barrister\Nand human rights lawyer
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.19,0:00:08.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in full-time legal practice in London,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.41,0:00:10.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the highest court in the land
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.47,0:00:15.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,still convened, some would say\Nby an accident of history,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.11,0:00:17.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this building here,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.03,0:00:20.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I met a young man who had\Njust quit his job
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.25,0:00:22.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the British Foreign Office.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.19,0:00:24.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I asked him why did you leave,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.87,0:00:26.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he told me this story.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.75,0:00:29.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He had gone to his boss\None morning and said,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.49,0:00:34.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Let's do something about\Nhuman rights abuses in China."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.53,0:00:36.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And his boss had replied,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.49,0:00:39.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We can't do anything about\Nhuman rights abuses in China
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.20,0:00:42.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we have\Ntrade relations with China."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.97,0:00:45.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So my friend went away\Nwith his tail between his legs,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.55,0:00:47.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and six months later,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.02,0:00:49.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he returned again to his boss,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.43,0:00:51.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he said this time,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.28,0:00:54.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Let's do something about\Nhuman rights in Burma,"
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.88,0:00:56.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as it was then called.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.75,0:00:59.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His boss once again paused
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.28,0:01:02.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and said, "Oh, but we can't do\Nanything about human rights in Burma
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.99,0:01:08.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we don't have any\Ntrade relations with Burma."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.05,0:01:10.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was the moment he knew\Nhe had to leave.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.43,0:01:12.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It wasn't just the hypocrisy\Nthat got to him.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.88,0:01:17.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was the unwillingness
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.44,0:01:19.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of his government to engage\Nin conflict with other governments,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.28,0:01:21.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,intense discussions.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.16,0:01:25.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All the while, innocent people\Nwere being harmed.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.80,0:01:28.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are constantly told
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.38,0:01:30.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that conflict is bad,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.64,0:01:33.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that compromise is good,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.91,0:01:35.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that conflict is bad
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.66,0:01:38.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but consensus is good,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.35,0:01:39.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that conflict is bad
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.75,0:01:44.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and collaboration is good.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.13,0:01:45.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in my view,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.93,0:01:48.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's far too simple\Na vision of the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.20,0:01:52.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We cannot know
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.02,0:01:52.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether conflict is bad
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.70,0:01:54.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unless we know who is fighting,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.89,0:01:56.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why they are fighting,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.77,0:01:58.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how they are fighting,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.100,0:02:02.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and compromises can be thoroughly rotten
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.47,0:02:05.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if they harm people who\Nare not at the table,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.87,0:02:08.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people who are vulnerable, disempowered,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.34,0:02:12.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people whom we have\Nan obligation to protect.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.69,0:02:16.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now you might be somewhat\Nskeptical of a lawyer
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.50,0:02:19.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,arguing about the benefits of conflict
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.01,0:02:21.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and creating problems for compromise,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.54,0:02:24.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I did also qualify as a mediator,\Nand these days, I spend my time
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.81,0:02:27.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,giving talks about ethics for free.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.39,0:02:30.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So as my bank manager likes to remind me,\NI'm downwardly mobile.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.99,0:02:35.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if you accept my argument,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.69,0:02:38.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it should change not just the way\Nwe lead our personal lives,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.78,0:02:41.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which I wish to put\Nto one side for the moment,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.83,0:02:45.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it will change the way we think\Nabout major problems
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.67,0:02:49.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of public health and the environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.73,0:02:52.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me explain.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.60,0:02:55.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every middle schooler\Nin the United States,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.07,0:02:57.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my 12-year old daughter included,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.72,0:03:01.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,learns that there are three\Nbranches of government,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.60,0:03:05.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the legislative, the executive,\Nand the judicial branch.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.86,0:03:10.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,James Madison wrote, "If there is any\Nprinciple more sacred
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.18,0:03:12.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in our Constitution,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.10,0:03:15.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and indeed in any free constitution\Nthan any other,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.34,0:03:18.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is that which separates
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.81,0:03:24.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the legislative, the executive,\Nand the judicial powers."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.52,0:03:27.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now the framers were not just concerned
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.44,0:03:31.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the concentration\Nand exercise of power.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.59,0:03:36.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They also understood\Nthe perils of influence.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.68,0:03:41.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Judges cannot determine\Nthe constitutionality of laws
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.47,0:03:45.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if they participate in making those laws,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.52,0:03:49.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nor can they hold the other branches\Nof government accountable
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.47,0:03:51.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if they collaborate with them
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.57,0:03:55.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or enter into close\Nrelationships with them.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.79,0:03:59.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Constitution is,\Nas one famous scholar put it,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.61,0:04:02.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"an invitation to struggle."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.26,0:04:05.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we the people are served
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.31,0:04:11.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when those branches do, indeed,\Nstruggle with each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.56,0:04:16.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, we recognize the importance\Nof struggle not just
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.61,0:04:18.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the public sector
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.21,0:04:20.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between our branches of government.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.50,0:04:23.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We also know it too in the private sector,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.94,0:04:27.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in relationships among corporations.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.60,0:04:29.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's imagine that two American airlines
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.95,0:04:32.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,get together and agree
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.61,0:04:35.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they will not drop the price
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.75,0:04:39.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of their economy class airfares\Nbelow 250 dollars a ticket.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.92,0:04:43.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is collaboration,\Nsome would say collusion,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.84,0:04:45.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not competition,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.19,0:04:48.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we the people are harmed
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.01,0:04:51.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we pay more for our tickets.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.22,0:04:53.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine similarly two airlines\Nwere to say, "Look,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.96,0:04:58.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Airline A, we'll take the route\Nfrom LA to Chicago,"
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.33,0:05:02.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Airline B says, "We'll take\Nthe route from Chicago to DC,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.51,0:05:03.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we won't compete."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.28,0:05:07.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once again, that's collaboration\Nor collusion instead of competition,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.64,0:05:12.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we the people are harmed.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.19,0:05:15.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we understand the importance
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.62,0:05:19.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of struggle when it comes to relationships
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.49,0:05:23.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between branches of government,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.41,0:05:25.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the public sector.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.10,0:05:29.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We also understand the importance\Nof conflict when it comes
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.46,0:05:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to relationships among corporations,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.00,0:05:34.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the private sector.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.54,0:05:37.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But where we have forgotten it
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.25,0:05:41.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is in the relationships\Nbetween the public and the private,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.55,0:05:45.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and governments all over the world\Nare collaborating with industry
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.53,0:05:49.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to solve problems of public health\Nand the environment,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.08,0:05:53.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,often collaborating with the very\Ncorporations that are creating
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.43,0:05:57.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or exacerbating the problems\Nthey are trying to solve.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.32,0:05:59.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are told that these relationships
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.46,0:06:05.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are a win-win.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.65,0:06:10.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what if someone is losing out?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.28,0:06:14.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me give you some examples.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.06,0:06:18.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A United Nations agency decided\Nto address a serious problem,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.12,0:06:19.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,poor sanitation in schools
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.92,0:06:22.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in rural India.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.48,0:06:26.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They did so not just in collaboration\Nwith national and local governments
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.44,0:06:29.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also with a television company
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.14,0:06:33.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and with a major multinational\Nsoda company.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.97,0:06:36.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In exchange for less\Nthan one million dollars,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.93,0:06:41.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that corporation received the benefits\Nof a months-long promotional campaign
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.53,0:06:43.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including a 12-hour telethon
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.91,0:06:48.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all using the company's logo\Nand color scheme.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.34,0:06:51.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was an arrangement
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.36,0:06:53.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was totally understandable
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.41,0:06:55.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the corporation's point of view.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.46,0:06:57.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It enhances the reputation of the company,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.78,0:07:01.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it creates brand loyalty\Nfor its products.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.42,0:07:03.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in my view,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.20,0:07:05.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is profoundly problematic\Nfor the intergovernmental agency,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.41,0:07:12.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an agency that has a mission\Nto promote sustainable living.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.28,0:07:15.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By increasing consumption\Nof sugar-sweetened beverages
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.29,0:07:19.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,made from scarce local water supplies\Nand drunk out of plastic bottles
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.45,0:07:22.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a country that is already\Ngrappling with obesity,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.62,0:07:26.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is neither sustainable\Nfrom a public health
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.14,0:07:29.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nor an environmental point of view,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.12,0:07:32.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in order to solve one\Npublic health problem,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.35,0:07:34.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the agency is sowing the seeds
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.69,0:07:37.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of another.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.70,0:07:41.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is just one example\Nof dozens I discovered
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.35,0:07:47.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in researching a book on the relationships\Nbetween government and industry.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.28,0:07:51.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I could also have told you about\Nthe initiatives in parks in London
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.81,0:07:54.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and throughout Britain\Ninvolving the same company
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.19,0:07:55.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,promoting exercise,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.76,0:08:00.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or indeed of the British Government\Ncreating voluntary pledges
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.80,0:08:02.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in partnership with industry
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.99,0:08:05.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead of regulating industry.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.91,0:08:09.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These collaborations or partnerships
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.29,0:08:11.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have become the paradigm in public health,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.45,0:08:15.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and once again, they make sense\Nfrom the point of view of industry.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.47,0:08:19.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It allows them to frame\Npublic health problems and their solutions
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.12,0:08:22.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in ways that are least threatening to,\Nmost consonant with,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.92,0:08:24.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their commercial interests.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.38,0:08:30.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So obesity becomes a problem\Nof individual decision-making,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.95,0:08:33.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of personal behavior,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.04,0:08:36.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,personal responsibility\Nand lack of physical activity.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.15,0:08:39.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is not a problem
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.72,0:08:40.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when framed this way
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.29,0:08:43.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a multinational food system\Ninvolving major corporations.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.50,0:08:45.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And again, I don't blame industry.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.97,0:08:48.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Industry naturally engages\Nin strategies of influence
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.56,0:08:51.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to promote its commercial interests.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.82,0:08:54.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But governments have a responsibility
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.98,0:08:57.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to develop counterstrategies
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.06,0:08:59.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to protect us and the common good.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.02,0:09:06.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The mistake that governments are making
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.06,0:09:09.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they collaborate in this way
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.11,0:09:10.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with industry
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.44,0:09:13.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that they conflate
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.16,0:09:17.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the common good with common ground.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.35,0:09:20.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you collaborate with industry,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.17,0:09:23.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you necessarily put off the table
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.02,0:09:26.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things that might promote the common good\Nto which industry will not agree.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.40,0:09:29.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Industry will not agree\Nto increase regulation
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.23,0:09:33.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unless it believes this will stave off\Neven more regulation
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.84,0:09:38.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or perhaps knock some competitors\Nout of the market.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.21,0:09:40.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nor can companies agree\Nto do certain things,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.63,0:09:43.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for example raise the prices\Nof their unhealthy products,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.61,0:09:45.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because that would violate\Ncompetition law,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.75,0:09:48.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as we've established.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.59,0:09:52.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So our governments should not confound
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.11,0:09:54.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the common good and common ground,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.50,0:09:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially when common ground
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.00,0:09:59.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,means reaching agreement with industry.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.42,0:10:02.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to give you another example,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.76,0:10:04.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,moving from high-profile collaboration
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.90,0:10:06.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to something that is below ground
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.90,0:10:10.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both literally and figuratively:
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.59,0:10:13.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the hydraulic fracturing of natural gas.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.54,0:10:17.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine that you purchase a plot of land
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.50,0:10:19.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not knowing the mineral rights\Nhave been sold.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.68,0:10:21.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is before the fracking boom.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.98,0:10:25.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You build your dream home on that plot,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.38,0:10:29.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and shortly afterwards,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.07,0:10:33.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you discover that a gas company\Nis building a well pad on your land.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.38,0:10:37.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was the plight\Nof the Hallowich family.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.50,0:10:40.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Within a very short period of time,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.33,0:10:43.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they began to complain of headaches,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.15,0:10:46.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of sore throats, of itchy eyes,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.61,0:10:49.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in addition to the interference\Nof the noise, vibration,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.100,0:10:52.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the bright lights from the flaring\Nof natural gas.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.80,0:10:56.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were very vocal in their criticisms,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.15,0:10:58.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then they fell silent,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.63,0:11:01.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and thanks to the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette,\Nwhere this image appeared,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.61,0:11:04.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and one other newspaper, we discovered\Nwhy they fell silent.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.40,0:11:08.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The newspapers went to the court and said,\Nwhat happened to the Hallowiches?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.14,0:11:11.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it turned out the Hallowiches\Nhad made a secret settlement
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.98,0:11:14.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the gas operators,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.28,0:11:16.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it was a take-it-or-leave-it\Nsettlement.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.21,0:11:17.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The gas company said,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.91,0:11:21.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can have a six figure sum\Nto move elsewhere
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.44,0:11:22.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and start your lives again, but in return
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.89,0:11:26.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you must promise not to speak\Nof your experience with our company,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.40,0:11:29.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not to speak of your\Nexperience with fracking,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.33,0:11:33.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not to speak about the health consequences
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.57,0:11:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that might have been revealed\Nby a medical examination.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.00,0:11:40.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I do not blame\Nthe Hallowiches for accepting
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.87,0:11:43.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a take-it-or-leave-it settlement
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.71,0:11:45.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and starting their lives elsewhere.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.75,0:11:49.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one can understand why the company\Nwould wish to silence
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.08,0:11:50.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a squeaky wheel.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.17,0:11:53.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I want to point the finger at\Nis the legal and regulatory system,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.90,0:11:56.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a system in which there are\Nnetworks of agreements
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.54,0:11:58.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just like this one
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.31,0:12:00.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which serve to silence people
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.71,0:12:02.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and seal off data points
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.55,0:12:04.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from public health experts\Nand epidemiologists,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.88,0:12:08.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a system in which regulators\Nwill even refrain from issuing
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.62,0:12:10.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a violation notice
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.61,0:12:12.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the event of pollution
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.12,0:12:14.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if the landowner and the gas company
Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.06,0:12:15.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,agree to settle.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.45,0:12:19.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a system which isn't just\Nbad from a public health point of view.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.35,0:12:22.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It exposes hazards to local families
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.84,0:12:26.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who remain in the dark.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.44,0:12:31.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now I have given you two examples\Nnot because they are isolated examples.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.78,0:12:34.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are examples of a systemic problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.45,0:12:37.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I could share some counterexamples,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.33,0:12:39.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the case for example\Nof the public official
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.38,0:12:43.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who sues the pharmaceutical company
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.07,0:12:46.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for concealing the fact\Nthat its antidepressant
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.41,0:12:49.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,increases suicidal\Nthoughts in adolescents.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.79,0:12:51.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can tell you about the regulator
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.47,0:12:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who went after the food company
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.00,0:12:59.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for exaggerating the purported\Nhealth benefits of its yogurt.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.04,0:13:04.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I can tell you about the legislator\Nwho despite heavy lobbying
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.57,0:13:06.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,directed at both sides of the aisle
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.81,0:13:11.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pushes for environmental protections.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.07,0:13:13.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are isolated examples,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.08,0:13:17.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they are beacons of light\Nin the darkness
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.14,0:13:22.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they can show us the way.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.31,0:13:27.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I began by suggesting that sometimes\Nwe need to engage in conflict.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.49,0:13:31.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Governments should tussle with,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.29,0:13:38.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,struggle with, at times engage in\Ndirect conflict with corporations.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:38.21,0:13:42.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is not because governments\Nare inherently good
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.58,0:13:44.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and corporations are inherently evil.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.87,0:13:49.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each is capable of good or ill.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.70,0:13:52.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But corporations understandably act\Nto promote their commercial interests
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.55,0:14:01.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they do so either sometimes\Nundermining or promoting the common good.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.49,0:14:05.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it is the responsibility\Nof governments
Dialogue: 0,0:14:05.13,0:14:08.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to protect and promote the common good,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.65,0:14:11.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we should insist
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.06,0:14:14.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they fight to do so.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.65,0:14:17.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is because governments
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.56,0:14:19.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are the guardians of public health,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.61,0:14:25.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,governments are the guardians
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.44,0:14:26.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the environment,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.90,0:14:28.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it is governments
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.67,0:14:35.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are guardians of these\Nessential parts of our common good.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.93,0:14:37.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.57,0:14:43.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)