[Script Info]
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[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.37,0:00:08.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At some point,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.31,0:00:12.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most sexually active people will be \Ninfected with human papillomavirus,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.21,0:00:13.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or ‘HPV.’
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.94,0:00:16.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are over 100 types of HPV,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.35,0:00:20.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and most of the time the body \Neliminates infections without symptoms–
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.25,0:00:23.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but some strains can pose serious \Nhealth risks down the line.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.95,0:00:26.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,HPV causes contact infections,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.94,0:00:30.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which means the virus stays in the cells\Nnear the point of infection
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.15,0:00:32.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than spreading throughout\Nthe whole body.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.73,0:00:36.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since HPV is often transmitted through \Nsexual activity,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.21,0:00:40.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this usually means the cells of the \Nvagina, vulva, penis, anus,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.29,0:00:41.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mouth and throat.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.80,0:00:44.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can test for HPV in cells from \Nthese areas,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.93,0:00:47.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but while testing for the virus \Nis scientifically possible,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.80,0:00:49.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it isn’t common.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.35,0:00:50.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The main reason is that,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.77,0:00:54.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while there are treatments for the \Nadverse health effects caused by HPV,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.41,0:00:56.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there’s no treatment for the virus itself.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.76,0:01:00.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So testing for HPV would yield many, \Nmany positives,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.07,0:01:02.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and although most of them won’t \Nbe cause for concern,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.74,0:01:07.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is still no treatment plan for \Nclearing the body of the virus.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.25,0:01:10.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there are other good ways to \Nprotect yourself from HPV.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.82,0:01:13.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We’re going to walk through how \NHPV can cause harm,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.81,0:01:17.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who’s at risk, and how to \Nminimize those risks.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.23,0:01:21.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The body’s immune system is able to\Neradicate most strains of HPV
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.39,0:01:23.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before they cause any harm—
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.48,0:01:26.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and without people even knowing \Nthey’ve been infected.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.81,0:01:28.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Certain other strains–
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.14,0:01:30.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like HPV 6 and 11–
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.34,0:01:33.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cause abnormalities in the cells of the \Ninfected tissue,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.59,0:01:36.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which can develop into genital warts.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.23,0:01:39.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While these are infectious \Nand require treatment,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.15,0:01:41.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,usually with topical creams,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.07,0:01:45.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wart-causing strains don’t create \Nlonger-term damage.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.07,0:01:49.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But another 13 strains can cause DNA\Nmutations that cause cells to divide
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.79,0:01:52.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at a much faster pace than normal,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.03,0:01:55.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,propelling the development of \Ncancerous growths.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.03,0:01:57.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The cells of the cervix are \Nespecially at risks.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.86,0:01:59.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two in particular–
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.13,0:02:01.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,HPV 16 and 18–
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.39,0:02:05.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are responsible for the majority of \Ncases of cervical cancer,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.10,0:02:08.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is now the fourth most common\Ntype of cancer in women.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.98,0:02:12.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It can take up to 20 years for cancer \Nsymptoms to appear,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.38,0:02:13.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but with regular screening,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.75,0:02:16.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can discover cellular abnormalities\Nin the cervix
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.78,0:02:19.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before they develop into cancer.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.12,0:02:22.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Women over 21 can undergo a regular \Npap smear,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.49,0:02:25.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where a sample of tissue is gently \Nscraped from the lining of the cervix
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.92,0:02:28.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to test for abnormal cells.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.02,0:02:31.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A positive test doesn’t mean the person\Nhas cervical cancer,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.74,0:02:34.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but rather that there are irregular \Ncells in the cervix
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.36,0:02:37.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that could develop into cancer\Nin the future.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.66,0:02:40.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Patients are then either monitored \Nwith more frequent pap smears,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.94,0:02:43.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or, for more severe irregularities,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.24,0:02:45.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,undergo a procedure called a colposcopy.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.92,0:02:49.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This involves a doctor examining the \Ncervix through a microscope,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.87,0:02:54.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and possibly taking a small biopsy of \Ntissue for closer examination.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.02,0:02:58.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In some cases, the affected tissue \Nmay be removed.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.02,0:03:02.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,HPV infections of the throat may lead to\Nhead and neck cancers,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.17,0:03:05.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but for now there’s no equivalent of the \Npap smear for the throat.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.79,0:03:09.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Using condoms helps prevent \Nthe spread of HPV during sex.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.70,0:03:15.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there are three safe, effective \Nvaccines that all target HPV 16 and 18.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.44,0:03:19.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The vaccine comes in two or three doses \Na few months apart,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.04,0:03:22.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it’s only beneficial if you \Nreceive them all.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.26,0:03:27.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right now the vaccine is part of standard \Ncare for girls aged 11 to 18
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.16,0:03:28.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in many countries–
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.60,0:03:31.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,though it’s increasingly becoming \Navailable to boys as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.90,0:03:36.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Adult women and men in countries including\Nthe United States and the United Kingdom
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.47,0:03:38.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can opt to receive the vaccine,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.44,0:03:41.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and evidence suggests that vaccination of\Nwomen and men
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.26,0:03:46.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could reduce the worldwide incidence of\Ncervical cancer by almost 90%.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.90,0:03:49.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Researchers are also \Ndeveloping an injection
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.34,0:03:52.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for people who are already infected \Nwith HPV 16 and 18,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.98,0:03:54.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which would target the infected cells
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.79,0:03:57.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to stop them from developing \Ninto cancerous ones.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.82,0:04:00.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So while there’s still room for \Nimprovement in screening,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.54,0:04:02.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,treatment, and access to each,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.46,0:04:05.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,condom use, vaccination, \Nand cervical screening
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.24,0:04:09.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can each reduce the harm caused by HPV.