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Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.28,0:00:11.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hello and welcome to the\NNatural World Facts Awareness Project.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.39,0:00:13.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A new series in which I’ll be\Nexplaining the importance of
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.78,0:00:17.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wildlife conservation and\Nwhat you can do to help.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.93,0:00:20.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this video, I’m joined by Alex Collins,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.44,0:00:23.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a fellow YouTube wildlife\Nenthusiast and biologist
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.12,0:00:25.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the University of Bristol.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.34,0:00:26.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His channel is linked below,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.76,0:00:28.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I recommend you check it out
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.40,0:00:30.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for videos on some of the world’s\Nrarest species
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.31,0:00:33.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what you can do to help them.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.72,0:00:36.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what is Marine Conservation?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.35,0:00:39.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Marine Conservation is defined as\Nthe protection of marine ecosystems,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.02,0:00:44.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the focus of limiting the damage\Ncaused to them by humans
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.33,0:00:46.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and protecting threatened species.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.76,0:00:50.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The main threats being seen in\Nour oceans include species loss,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.66,0:00:52.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,habitat degradation,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.15,0:00:54.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and changes in ecosystem function.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.66,0:00:57.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Human activities causing a rise\Nin extinction rates
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.65,0:01:00.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has lead to a huge decrease\Nin biodiversity,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.65,0:01:03.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,particularly in coral reefs,\N88% of which are threatened
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.02,0:01:06.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by excessive CO2 emissions.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.55,0:01:10.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These reefs are among the most important\Nstores of biodiversity on the planet.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.58,0:01:15.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It takes around ten thousand years\Nfor a reef to form from coral polyps,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.40,0:01:17.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and up to 30 million years for
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.50,0:01:19.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a reef to fully mature,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.84,0:01:23.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hosting an estimated 25%\Nof all marine life.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.44,0:01:28.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And yet, around the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.09,0:01:31.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,coral reefs are dying,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.40,0:01:34.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as warming temperatures and\Nstressful conditions bleach the corals
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.08,0:01:37.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,white as they are forced to expel\Nthe colourful algae
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.11,0:01:39.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on which the coral depends\Nfor its survival.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.79,0:01:42.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, why does this matter?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.75,0:01:44.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why is marine conservation\Nso important?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.75,0:01:48.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With the world’s oceans currently\Nunder more threat than ever before,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.34,0:01:52.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and with half of the world’s coral reefs\Nhaving died in the last 30 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.06,0:01:54.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,marine conservation has never been
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.84,0:01:56.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more important than is today.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.39,0:01:58.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I’ve already made some videos
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.76,0:02:00.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,explaining why conservation is\Nso important to you
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.98,0:02:03.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and why we should save\Nendangered species
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.95,0:02:05.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So make sure to check\Nthose videos out after
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.96,0:02:07.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,watching this.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.08,0:02:09.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Put simply, different species rely\Non each other for survival.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.13,0:02:12.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If one species is under threat,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.11,0:02:14.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the likelihood is that so\Nis another species.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.78,0:02:16.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This can have a chain reaction, until
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.22,0:02:18.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eventually a whole ecosystem\Nis under threat.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.11,0:02:21.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need healthy ecosystems\Njust as much as
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.36,0:02:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the marine life itself,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.19,0:02:25.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because without them,\Nwe’d have less food, less money,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.66,0:02:28.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and with altogether less life\Non our planet.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.77,0:02:30.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The bottom line is Earth needs\Nhealthy oceans, and it is our
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.65,0:02:33.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,responsibility to protect them.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.21,0:02:35.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how can we do this?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.93,0:02:40.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the most effective methods has been\Nthe setting up of marine protected areas.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.63,0:02:43.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This creates a much safer environment\Nfor marine life,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.59,0:02:45.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,undisturbed by the impacts of overfishing,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.33,0:02:48.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,noise pollution from ships, and\Nother human activities.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.78,0:02:55.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thankfully, biodiversity has been found to increase\Nby 21% within marine reserves like these.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.74,0:02:57.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can also use artificial reefs.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.94,0:03:01.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are man-made structures,\Nbuilt to promote marine life
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.11,0:03:02.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the growth of new coral.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.98,0:03:06.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Artificial reefs have proven successful\Nin providing a habitat for threatened wildlife,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.51,0:03:09.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These allow damaged ecosystems to recover
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.90,0:03:12.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and valuable biodiversity to regenerate.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.76,0:03:15.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As well as these strategies, we also\Nneed to be careful in the way
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.73,0:03:18.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we interact with the marine environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.13,0:03:21.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Active demersal fishing techniques,\Nlike trawling,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.63,0:03:23.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where a net is dragged along\Nthe bottom of sea floor,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.08,0:03:25.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can be really destructive
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.81,0:03:30.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as this destroy ecologically important\Nspecies like certain corals.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.34,0:03:33.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Active pelagic fishing techniques, where a\Nnet is dragged through the open ocean,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.19,0:03:35.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can also be just as bad.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.79,0:03:38.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is because that it’s indiscriminate,\Nmeaning that
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.22,0:03:39.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they catch anything in their way of net,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.00,0:03:42.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,regardless of whether\Nthe fisherman want it or not.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.50,0:03:46.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This often leads to protected animals\Nlike dolphins and turtles being injured
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.50,0:03:51.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or killed. For every 1 kilogram of prawns\Nthat are caught and sold in stores,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.59,0:03:54.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nine kilograms of other sea animals\Nare caught as bycatch,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.41,0:03:56.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being injured or killed and\Nthen thrown away.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.22,0:04:00.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Marine conservation efforts have been\Nmade to reduce the destruction
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.23,0:04:02.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,caused by these fishing techniques,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.18,0:04:05.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,either by reducing the amount of time\Nof these techniques are allowed to be used
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.91,0:04:08.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or making the technique itself\Nless destructive.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.63,0:04:11.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One example of this, is to use\Nspecific fishing hooks which
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.95,0:04:14.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are less likely to catch unwanted species.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.94,0:04:17.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Solving these problems does\Ntake a lot of hard work,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.30,0:04:19.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that doesn’t mean\Nthere’s nothing that you can do
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.50,0:04:21.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you don’t work as a conservationist.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.05,0:04:26.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here are some other things that you can\Ndo to help marine conservation.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.52,0:04:29.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Firstly, use your water supply\Nmore economically.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.46,0:04:31.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This will not only save you money, but it will
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.98,0:04:36.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also reduce excess runoff, containing\Npollutants and waste into the ocean.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.74,0:04:39.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Secondly, use less energy in your daily life.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.28,0:04:41.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Higher temperatures can cause the death
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.39,0:04:44.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of corals, rising sea levels and flooding,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.61,0:04:48.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and more extreme weather which\Ncan damage marine ecosystems.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.56,0:04:51.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many marine species also rely on\Nspecific temperatures to determine
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.85,0:04:53.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what sex they develop into.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.86,0:04:57.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is called temperature-dependent\Nsex determination,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.08,0:05:02.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so by changing the temperature we can\Nthrow an entire population out of balance.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.45,0:05:04.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can also fish more responsibly,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.59,0:05:07.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or just fish less, or not at all if that is \Nan option to you.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.88,0:05:10.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The same goes for eating seafood.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.40,0:05:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Reducing your use of plastics\Nis also essential.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.00,0:05:15.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ingestion of microplastics, bits of plastic
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.63,0:05:19.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are less than 5mm across,\Ncan lead to bioaccumulation.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.69,0:05:21.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is where harmful substances
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.79,0:05:25.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,build up in the food chain and eventually\Ncause serious damage
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.23,0:05:27.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the species at the top.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.64,0:05:29.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are just a few things\Nthat you should consider
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.74,0:05:32.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when trying to cause less impact\Nto marine life.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.46,0:05:35.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are of course plenty\Nof other things that you can do to help.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.05,0:05:37.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if you’d like to know more,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.68,0:05:39.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then let us know down in the comments,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.22,0:05:41.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that we can make another video for you.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.99,0:05:46.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you for watching.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.52,0:05:49.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Subscribe to see more videos\Nfrom The Awareness Project.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.81,0:05:52.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hit the like button and be sure\Nto watch our video
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.30,0:05:55.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the Pine Marten by following\Nthe link to Alex’s channel.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.10,0:05:57.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I hope you enjoy it.