[Script Info] Title: [Events] Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.71,0:00:03.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me ask you all a question. Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.28,0:00:08.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How much weapons-grade nuclear\Nmaterial do you think it would take Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.17,0:00:10.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to level a city the size of San Francisco? Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.55,0:00:13.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How many of you think\Nit would be an amount Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.61,0:00:15.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the size of this suitcase? Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.68,0:00:20.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK. And how about this minibus? Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.33,0:00:23.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All right. Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.50,0:00:26.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well actually, under\Nthe right circumstances, Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.22,0:00:31.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an amount of highly enriched uranium\Nabout the size of your morning latte Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.70,0:00:34.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would be enough to kill 100,000 people Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.64,0:00:35.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instantly. Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.52,0:00:40.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hundreds of thousands of others\Nwould become horribly ill, Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.62,0:00:43.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and parts of the city\Nwould be uninhabitable for years, Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.66,0:00:45.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if not for decades. Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.99,0:00:48.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you can forget that nuclear latte, Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.58,0:00:54.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because today's nuclear weapons\Nare hundreds of times more powerful Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.57,0:00:58.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even than those we dropped\Non Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.89,0:01:04.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And even a limited nuclear war\Ninvolving, say, tens of nuclear weapons, Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.23,0:01:08.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could lead to the end\Nof all life on the planet. Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.61,0:01:12.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's really important that you know Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.91,0:01:17.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that right now we have\Nover 15,000 nuclear weapons Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.01,0:01:20.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the hands of nine nations, Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.25,0:01:24.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if you live in a city\Nor near a military facility, Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.90,0:01:27.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one is likely pointed right at you. Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.52,0:01:31.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, if you live in any\Nof the rural areas Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.44,0:01:33.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where nuclear weapons are stored globally, Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.94,0:01:35.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one is likely pointed at you. Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.19,0:01:40.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,About 1,800 of these weapons\Nare on high alert, Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.69,0:01:44.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which means they can be launched\Nwithin 15 minutes Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.41,0:01:46.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a presidential command. Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.23,0:01:51.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I know this is a bummer of an issue, Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.82,0:01:54.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and maybe you have that --\Nwhat was it? -- psychic fatigue Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.66,0:01:56.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we heard about a little bit earlier. Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.74,0:01:59.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I'm going to switch gears\Nfor just a second, Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.07,0:02:01.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm going to talk\Nabout my imaginary friend, Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.48,0:02:04.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who I like to think of as Jasmine, Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.29,0:02:05.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just for a moment. Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.66,0:02:08.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jasmine, at the age of 25, Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.20,0:02:12.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is part of a generation that is more\Npolitically and socially engaged Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.58,0:02:14.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than anything we've seen in 50 years. Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.01,0:02:16.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She and her friends think of themselves Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.97,0:02:20.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as change agents\Nand leaders and activists. Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.25,0:02:23.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think of them as Generation Possible. Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.32,0:02:27.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They regularly protest\Nabout the issues they care about, Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.42,0:02:30.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but nuclear weapons are not one of them,\Nwhich makes sense, Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.85,0:02:35.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because Jasmine was born in 1991,\Nat the end of the Cold War. Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.08,0:02:38.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So she didn't grow up hearing a lot\Nabout nuclear weapons. Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.21,0:02:41.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She never had to duck and cover\Nunder her desk at school. Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.81,0:02:46.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For Jasmine, a fallout shelter\Nis an app in the Android store. Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.13,0:02:48.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nuclear weapons help win games. Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.85,0:02:51.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that is really a shame, Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.30,0:02:54.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because right now, we need\NGeneration Possible Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.60,0:02:58.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help us make some really important\Ndecisions about nuclear weapons. Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.54,0:03:05.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For instance, will we further reduce\Nour nuclear arsenals globally, Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.00,0:03:08.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or will we spend billions, Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.94,0:03:11.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe a trillion dollars, Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.19,0:03:14.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to modernize them so they last\Nthroughout the 21st century, Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.54,0:03:17.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that by the time Jasmine is my age,\Nshe's talking to her children Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.86,0:03:19.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and maybe even her grandchildren Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.82,0:03:22.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the threat of nuclear holocaust? Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.10,0:03:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you're paying any attention\Nat all to cyberthreats, Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.03,0:03:29.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or, for instance, if you've read\Nabout the Stuxnet virus Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.02,0:03:33.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or, for God's sake, if you've ever\Nhad an email account or a Yahoo account Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.91,0:03:35.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or a phone hacked, Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.98,0:03:40.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can imagine the whole new world\Nof hurt that could be triggered Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.16,0:03:43.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by modernization in a period\Nof cyberwarfare. Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.94,0:03:46.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, if you're paying\Nattention to the money, Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.18,0:03:49.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a trillion dollars could go a long way Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.27,0:03:52.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to feeding and educating\Nand employing people, Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.14,0:03:55.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of which could reduce the threat\Nof nuclear war to begin with. Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.69,0:03:57.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So -- Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.87,0:04:00.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause) Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.92,0:04:03.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is really crucial right now, Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.39,0:04:06.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because nuclear weapons --\Nthey're vulnerable. Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.27,0:04:08.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have solid evidence Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.88,0:04:11.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that terrorists are trying\Nto get ahold of them. Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.55,0:04:13.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just this last spring, Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.90,0:04:18.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when four retirees\Nand two taxi drivers were arrested Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.63,0:04:20.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the Republic of Georgia Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.25,0:04:23.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for trying to sell nuclear materials\Nfor 200 million dollars, Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.100,0:04:27.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they demonstrated that the black market\Nfor this stuff is alive and well. Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.11,0:04:29.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's really important, Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.40,0:04:33.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because there have been\Ndozens of accidents Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.22,0:04:34.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,involving nuclear weapons, Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.52,0:04:37.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I bet most of us have never heard\Nanything about them. Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.59,0:04:39.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just here in the United States, Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.15,0:04:42.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've dropped nuclear weapons\Non the Carolinas twice. Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.20,0:04:45.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In one case, one of the bombs, Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.55,0:04:47.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which fell out of an Air Force plane, Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.75,0:04:48.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,didn't detonate, Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.97,0:04:52.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the nuclear core\Nwas stored somewhere else on the plane. Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.11,0:04:56.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In another case, the weapon\Ndid arm when it hit the ground, Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.17,0:05:00.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and five of the switches designed\Nto keep it from detonating failed. Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.94,0:05:02.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Luckily, the sixth one didn't. Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.52,0:05:05.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if that's not enough\Nto get your attention, Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.97,0:05:10.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was the 1995 Black Brant incident. Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.66,0:05:12.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's when Russian radar technicians saw Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.96,0:05:15.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what they thought was a US nuclear missile Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.50,0:05:18.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,streaking towards Russian airspace. Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.17,0:05:20.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It later turned out to be\Na Norwegian rocket Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.92,0:05:23.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,collecting data about the northern lights. Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.52,0:05:24.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But at that time, Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.70,0:05:28.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Russian President Boris Yeltsin\Ncame within five minutes Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.50,0:05:32.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of launching a full-scale\Nretaliatory nuclear attack Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.67,0:05:34.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,against the United States. Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.92,0:05:40.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, most of the world's nuclear nations Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.99,0:05:44.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have committed to getting rid\Nof these weapons of mass destruction. Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.35,0:05:46.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But consider this: Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.84,0:05:51.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the treaty on the nonproliferation\Nof nuclear weapons, Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.18,0:05:54.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is the most widely adopted\Narms control treaty in history Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.64,0:05:56.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with 190 signatories, Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.40,0:06:02.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sets no specific date by which\Nthe world's nuclear-armed nations Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.72,0:06:04.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will get rid of their nuclear weapons. Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.69,0:06:08.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, when John F. Kennedy\Nsent a man to the moon Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.49,0:06:11.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and decided to bring him back,\Nor decided to do both those things, Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.68,0:06:14.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he didn't say, "Hey, whenever\Nyou guys get to it." Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.62,0:06:16.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He gave us a deadline. Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.66,0:06:18.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He gave us a challenge Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.50,0:06:22.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that would have been incredible\Njust a few years earlier. Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.03,0:06:23.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And with that challenge, Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.56,0:06:26.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he inspired scientists and marketers, Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.46,0:06:29.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,astronauts and schoolteachers. Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.15,0:06:31.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He gave us a vision. Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.93,0:06:33.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But along with that vision, Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.93,0:06:37.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he also tried to give us -- and most\Npeople don't know this, either -- Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.50,0:06:39.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he tried to give us a partner Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.50,0:06:44.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the form of our fiercest\NCold War rival, the Soviet Union, Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.95,0:06:47.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because part of Kennedy's vision\Nfor the Apollo program Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.01,0:06:51.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was that it be a cooperation,\Nnot a competition, with the Soviets. Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.82,0:06:55.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And apparently, Nikita Khrushchev,\Nthe Soviet premier, agreed. Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.01,0:06:59.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But before that cooperation\Ncould be realized, Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.35,0:07:01.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kennedy was assassinated, Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.04,0:07:03.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that part of the vision was deferred. Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.58,0:07:09.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the promise of joint innovation\Nbetween these two nuclear superpowers Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.78,0:07:11.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wasn't totally extinguished, Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.30,0:07:16.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because in 1991, which is the year\Nthat Jasmine was born Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.22,0:07:18.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the Soviet Union fell, Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.73,0:07:21.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these two nations engaged in a project Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.53,0:07:24.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that genuinely does seem incredible today Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.11,0:07:26.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the truest sense of that word, Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.81,0:07:31.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is that the US sent cash\Nto the Russians when they needed it most, Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.43,0:07:34.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to secure loose nuclear materials Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.21,0:07:37.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to employ out-of-work\Nnuclear scientists. Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.44,0:07:44.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They worked alongside American scientists\Nto convert weapons-grade uranium Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.17,0:07:48.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into the type of fuel that can be used\Nfor nuclear power instead. Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.46,0:07:51.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They called it, "Megatons to Megawatts." Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.20,0:07:55.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the result is that for over 20 years, Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.36,0:07:58.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our two nations had a program Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.19,0:08:02.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that meant that one in ten lightbulbs\Nin the United States Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.03,0:08:06.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was essentially fueled\Nby former Russian warheads. Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.53,0:08:11.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, together these two nations\Ndid something truly audacious. Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.90,0:08:15.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the good news is,\Nthe global community has the chance Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.100,0:08:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to do something just as audacious today. Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.90,0:08:23.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To get rid of nuclear weapons Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.45,0:08:27.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to end the supply of the materials\Nrequired to produce them, Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.01,0:08:30.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some experts tell me would take 30 years. Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.22,0:08:33.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It would take a renaissance of sorts, Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.71,0:08:36.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the kinds of innovation that,\Nfor better or worse, Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.15,0:08:40.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,underpinned both the Manhattan Project,\Nwhich gave rise to nuclear weapons, Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.15,0:08:42.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the Megatons to Megawatts program. Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.02,0:08:45.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It would take design constraints. Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.66,0:08:48.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are fundamental to creativity, Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.41,0:08:52.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things like a platform\Nfor international collaboration; Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.45,0:08:56.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a date certain, which is\Na forcing mechanism; Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.92,0:09:00.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a positive vision\Nthat inspires action. Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.74,0:09:03.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It would take us to 2045. Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.47,0:09:08.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, 2045 happens to be\Nthe 100th anniversary Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.97,0:09:12.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the birth of nuclear weapons\Nin the New Mexico desert. Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.25,0:09:15.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's also an important date\Nfor another reason. Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.46,0:09:20.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's predicted to be the advent\Nof the singularity, Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.01,0:09:23.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a new moment in human development, Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.43,0:09:28.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the lines between artificial\Nintelligence and human intelligence blur, Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.11,0:09:33.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where computing and consciousness\Nbecome almost indistinguishable Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.56,0:09:39.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and advanced technologies help us solve\Nthe 21st century's greatest problems: Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.22,0:09:41.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hunger, energy, poverty, Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.13,0:09:45.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ushering in an era of abundance. Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.32,0:09:47.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we all get to go to space Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.92,0:09:50.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on our way to becoming\Na multi-planetary species. Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.04,0:09:55.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, the people who really believe\Nthis vision are the first to say Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.92,0:09:58.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they don't yet know precisely\Nhow we're going to get there. Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.62,0:10:02.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the values behind their vision Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.43,0:10:05.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the willingness to ask "How might we?" Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.79,0:10:08.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have inspired a generation of innovators. Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.88,0:10:12.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're working backward\Nfrom the outcomes they want, Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.38,0:10:16.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using the creative problem-solving methods\Nof collaborative design. Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.61,0:10:18.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're busting through obstacles. Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.87,0:10:22.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're redefining\Nwhat we all consider possible. Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.51,0:10:24.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But here's the thing: Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.71,0:10:29.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that vision of abundance isn't compatible Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.94,0:10:36.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a world that still relies\Non a 20th-century nuclear doctrine Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.17,0:10:39.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called "mutually assured destruction." Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.94,0:10:46.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It has to be about building\Nthe foundations for the 22nd century. Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.45,0:10:52.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It has to be about strategies\Nfor mutually assured prosperity Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.28,0:10:56.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or, at the very least,\Nmutually assured survival. Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.18,0:11:02.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, every day, I get to meet\Npeople who are real pioneers Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.42,0:11:04.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the field of nuclear threats. Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.36,0:11:07.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As you can see, many of them\Nare young women, Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.89,0:11:10.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're doing fiercely\Ninteresting stuff, Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.49,0:11:14.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like Mareena Robinson Snowden here,\Nwho is developing new ways, Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.02,0:11:17.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,better ways, to detect nuclear warheads, Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.70,0:11:19.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which will help us\Novercome a critical hurdle Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.95,0:11:21.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to international disarmament. Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.91,0:11:24.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or Melissa Hanham, who is using\Nsatellite imaging Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.80,0:11:28.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make sense of what's going on\Naround far-flung nuclear sites. Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.36,0:11:32.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or we have Beatrice Fihn in Europe, Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.08,0:11:36.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who has been campaigning\Nto make nuclear weapons illegal Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.38,0:11:38.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in international courts of law, Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.08,0:11:40.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and just won a big victory\Nat the UN last week. Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.00,0:11:44.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause) Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.20,0:11:45.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And yet, Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.94,0:11:47.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and yet, Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.80,0:11:51.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with all of our talk in this culture\Nabout moon shots, Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.24,0:11:55.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,too few members of Generation Possible\Nand those of us who mentor them Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.99,0:11:57.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are taking on nuclear weapons. Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.52,0:12:00.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's as if there's a taboo. Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.90,0:12:06.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I remember something Kennedy said\Nthat has really stuck with me, Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.60,0:12:08.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that is something to the effect Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.38,0:12:10.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that humans can be as big as the solutions Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.54,0:12:12.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to all the problems we've created. Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.43,0:12:15.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No problem of human destiny, he said, Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.68,0:12:18.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is beyond human beings. Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.30,0:12:20.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I believe that. Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.38,0:12:23.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I bet a lot of you here\Nbelieve that, too. Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.54,0:12:27.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I know Generation\NPossible believes it. Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.65,0:12:31.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's time to commit to a date. Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.18,0:12:36.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's end the nuclear weapons chapter Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.74,0:12:39.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the 100th anniversary of its inception. Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.12,0:12:45.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After all, by 2045, we will have held\Nbillions of people hostage Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.87,0:12:48.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the threat of nuclear annihilation. Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.17,0:12:50.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Surely, 100 years will have been enough. Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.51,0:12:55.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Surely, a century of economic development Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.22,0:12:58.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the development of military strategy Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.63,0:13:02.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will have given us better ways\Nto manage global conflict. Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.80,0:13:06.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Surely, if ever there was a global\Nmoon shot worth supporting, Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.76,0:13:08.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is it. Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.85,0:13:12.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, in the face of real threats -- Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.48,0:13:15.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for instance, North Korea's recent\Nnuclear weapons tests, Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.50,0:13:17.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which fly in the face of sanctions -- Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.81,0:13:20.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reasonable people disagree Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.13,0:13:24.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about whether we should maintain\Nsome number of nuclear weapons Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.06,0:13:25.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to deter aggression. Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.55,0:13:29.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the question is:\NWhat's the magic number? Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.20,0:13:31.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is it a thousand? Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.14,0:13:34.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is it a hundred? Ten? Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.25,0:13:36.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then we have to ask: Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.40,0:13:39.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who should be responsible for them? Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.04,0:13:41.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think we can agree, however, Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.92,0:13:45.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that having 15,000 of them\Nrepresents a greater global threat Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.99,0:13:48.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to Jasmine's generation than a promise. Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.18,0:13:52.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's time we make a promise Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.37,0:13:55.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a world in which we've broken\Nthe stranglehold Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.10,0:13:58.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that nuclear weapons have\Non our imaginations; Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.62,0:14:01.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which we invest\Nin the creative solutions Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.26,0:14:04.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that come from working backward\Nfrom the future we desperately want, Dialogue: 0,0:14:05.02,0:14:07.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than plodding forward\Nfrom a present Dialogue: 0,0:14:07.57,0:14:11.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that brings all of the mental models\Nand biases of the past with it. Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.39,0:14:17.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's time we pledge our resources\Nas leaders across the spectrum Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.72,0:14:20.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to work on this old problem in new ways, Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.15,0:14:23.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to ask, "How might we?" Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.00,0:14:26.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How might we make good on a promise Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.33,0:14:29.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of greater security\Nfor Jasmine's generation Dialogue: 0,0:14:29.93,0:14:32.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a world beyond nuclear weapons? Dialogue: 0,0:14:34.12,0:14:36.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I truly hope you will join us. Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.78,0:14:38.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you. Dialogue: 0,0:14:38.97,0:14:42.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause) Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.30,0:14:43.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you. Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.99,0:14:46.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)