0:00:02.311,0:00:04.250
Narrator: We rise above nature

0:00:06.213,0:00:08.440
tame the frontier's of our planet

0:00:15.053,0:00:18.466
now, we harness the force of the universe

0:00:20.271,0:00:22.605
claiming powers that could destroy us

0:00:25.232,0:00:27.330
but, still we fight for freedom

0:00:27.869,0:00:30.035
truth, new beginings

0:00:32.696,0:00:38.002
as mankind turns towards the frontier's of the future

0:00:45.597,0:00:48.374
amidst the chaos of a unforgiving planet

0:00:49.079,0:00:50.768
most species will fail

0:00:51.408,0:00:53.548
but for one all the pieces

0:00:53.758,0:00:55.132
will fall into place

0:00:56.962,0:00:59.342
and a set of keys will unlock a path

0:01:00.427,0:01:02.045
for mankind to triumph

0:01:04.487,0:01:06.097
This is our story

0:01:06.987,0:01:09.032
the story of all of us

0:01:15.449,0:01:19.195
Today over 7 billion humans on planet earth

0:01:20.292,0:01:23.395
in just four generations our Population

0:01:23.609,0:01:25.372
has grown by 5 billion

0:01:27.020,0:01:30.296
faster in the first 50 years of the 20th century

0:01:31.140,0:01:33.306
than the previous 50 thousand

0:01:34.487,0:01:36.014
and as mankind expands

0:01:36.131,0:01:38.277
in a ever more crowded world

0:01:39.252,0:01:41.174
we face the ultimate challange

0:01:42.298,0:01:44.136
abusing the power of the planet

0:01:44.964,0:01:46.662
to propel us into the future

0:01:50.635,0:01:53.909
The Midwest, 1935

0:01:55.553,0:01:56.839
giant dust storm's

0:01:56.900,0:01:58.814
ravage American farm land

0:02:00.896,0:02:03.379
the worst drought in U.S. history

0:02:05.072,0:02:07.024
two and half million people

0:02:07.235,0:02:08.913
abandoned the great plains

0:02:09.707,0:02:11.578
families driven off their farms

0:02:12.169,0:02:14.138
heading in hope for California

0:02:16.860,0:02:18.518
Russell: Life in rural America was

0:02:19.084,0:02:20.436
absolutely horrendous

0:02:20.839,0:02:21.996
dust storms could happen

0:02:21.996,0:02:23.600
that could obliterate everything

0:02:23.703,0:02:26.190
it was nearly impossible to grow food

0:02:26.572,0:02:28.106
in that soil

0:02:35.066,0:02:37.170
Narrator: One man plans to revive

0:02:37.686,0:02:39.121
this barren land

0:02:39.891,0:02:41.292
Rosewell Garst

0:02:44.937,0:02:46.321
born and breed farmer

0:02:46.979,0:02:48.704
instinctive entrepreneur

0:02:53.838,0:02:55.370
he sells his cattle

0:02:55.986,0:02:57.258
mortgages his farm

0:02:58.941,0:03:00.529
and bet's everything on a wonder

0:03:00.529,0:03:02.335
crop that will become a key

0:03:02.619,0:03:04.002
to mankind's future

0:03:05.104,0:03:06.230
hybrid corn

0:03:07.562,0:03:09.073
its cross breed

0:03:09.073,0:03:11.321
to resist drought and disease

0:03:11.805,0:03:13.057
so it can still grow

0:03:13.360,0:03:15.605
in the scorched earth of the Midwest

0:03:18.111,0:03:19.892
he drives two thousand miles a

0:03:19.892,0:03:22.082
week promoting his hybrid seeds

0:03:23.658,0:03:24.893
his slogan

0:03:25.326,0:03:26.630
''An astonishing product

0:03:26.727,0:03:28.646
produces astonishing results''

0:03:30.836,0:03:33.792
Narrator: But the seed cost 50 times more

0:03:33.792,0:03:35.294
than ordinary corn

0:03:37.536,0:03:41.823
Garst: [Trying to sell his seeds to other farmers]

0:03:49.497,0:03:51.703
Narrator: One of Garst colleagues notes

0:03:52.871,0:03:55.118
" You would say, 6 or 7 dollars a bushel

0:03:55.301,0:03:56.308
and you could almost see them

0:03:56.308,0:03:59.116
reaching around to their hip pocket to get the gun"

0:03:59.116,0:04:00.524
["Garst- come on sir']

0:04:02.194,0:04:05.494
[farmer- listen, I'm not interested get, get off my land"]

0:04:05.654,0:04:08.011
['Garst- I just wanted to give you the chance of your lifetime']

0:04:08.541,0:04:11.078
["Farmer- get off my land']

0:04:16.128,0:04:17.497
Narrator: Its a hard sell

0:04:18.241,0:04:19.602
when a third of U.S. farms

0:04:19.602,0:04:20.963
are being abandoned

0:04:24.226,0:04:25.740
[Garst: We had to sell the corn

0:04:26.261,0:04:28.106
if I didn't trade the corn for money

0:04:28.780,0:04:30.134
we wouldn't eat or sleep]

0:04:45.095,0:04:47.261
Narrator: Garst gambles everthing

0:04:49.337,0:04:51.694
he gives farmer's the seed for free

0:04:51.947,0:04:54.239
in return for a share of their profit's

0:05:16.960,0:05:19.509
Across 50 counties in two states

0:05:20.688,0:05:22.126
in the worst drought ever

0:05:23.109,0:05:24.629
miraculous growth

0:05:28.576,0:05:30.383
but Garst isn't finished

0:05:31.262,0:05:33.505
he sell's another revolutionary product

0:05:34.298,0:05:36.329
taken from natures chemistry set

0:05:37.299,0:05:38.742
nitrogen fertilizer

0:05:41.949,0:05:43.488
spewed from volcano's

0:05:43.497,0:05:44.931
during the birth of our planet

0:05:45.963,0:05:47.163
nitrogen makes up

0:05:47.163,0:05:49.996
78 percent of earth's atmosphere

0:05:52.403,0:05:56.032
its invisible odorless, inert

0:05:59.605,0:06:01.289
but when scientist learn

0:06:01.289,0:06:03.750
to isolate nitrogen and turn the gas

0:06:03.750,0:06:06.416
into nitrate a nutrient essential

0:06:06.446,0:06:07.735
for the growth of plants

0:06:08.688,0:06:09.989
they uncover the key

0:06:09.989,0:06:12.842
to feeding the world's growing population

0:06:20.688,0:06:22.784
Garst, markets the new product

0:06:23.323,0:06:24.753
with a salesmen flare

0:06:26.437,0:06:27.833
sewn into a field

0:06:28.568,0:06:29.843
in a distinct pattern

0:06:30.970,0:06:32.423
"N" for nitrogen

0:06:35.233,0:06:37.205
Written into the grass of the Midwest

0:06:38.278,0:06:40.211
a clear message for the future

0:06:42.607,0:06:44.895
today almost every industrial farm

0:06:45.102,0:06:46.754
uses nitrogen fertilizer

0:06:48.556,0:06:49.561
Garst becomes a

0:06:49.561,0:06:51.658
international farming consultant

0:06:52.224,0:06:55.110
and one of the largest seed suppliers in the world

0:07:02.986,0:07:04.138
Russell: We found out that

0:07:04.138,0:07:05.439
the food supply is not

0:07:05.446,0:07:08.454
finite, that we can actually continue to increase it

0:07:08.907,0:07:11.138
to match the increasing population

0:07:13.522,0:07:15.178
Narrator: In 30 years

0:07:15.721,0:07:17.046
the worlds population grows

0:07:17.427,0:07:19.843
from 2 billion to 3 billion

0:07:21.343,0:07:22.510
15 years later

0:07:22.952,0:07:24.828
4 billion and rising

0:07:27.995,0:07:30.037
but with new crops and fertilizer's

0:07:30.488,0:07:31.905
we've grown more in the last

0:07:31.905,0:07:35.227
100 years than in the previous ten thousand

0:07:36.848,0:07:37.799
Bourdain: Fertilizer allowed us

0:07:37.799,0:07:41.238
to grow more, faster

0:07:41.561,0:07:42.773
and more productively

0:07:42.773,0:07:44.523
it could increased the food supply

0:07:50.666,0:07:51.793
Narrator: But as our numbers

0:07:51.793,0:07:52.900
explode so does the

0:07:53.248,0:07:55.891
scale and reach of human conflict

0:08:06.821,0:08:10.379
1942, mankind's first

0:08:10.921,0:08:12.254
truly global war

0:08:14.216,0:08:17.168
In Europe,Nazi Germany dominates

0:08:26.373,0:08:28.742
in the pacific imperial Japan

0:08:30.461,0:08:31.570
the largest state

0:08:31.570,0:08:33.169
in the U.S. Alaska

0:08:34.014,0:08:35.550
dangerously close to Asia

0:08:36.508,0:08:37.563
and isolated

0:08:40.365,0:08:42.705
[testing bombs]

0:08:46.214,0:08:49.185
Now 11,000 American soldiers

0:08:49.283,0:08:51.392
blaze an impossible trail

0:08:52.156,0:08:53.652
the out can highway

0:08:54.629,0:08:56.922
to link Alaska to west coast Canada

0:08:57.494,0:08:59.374
and the rest of the United States

0:09:01.782,0:09:02.902
an engineering challenge

0:09:03.578,0:09:04.999
that will connect a continent

0:09:07.292,0:09:09.727
In command General William Hoge

0:09:13.164,0:09:14.682
decorated war hero

0:09:15.361,0:09:16.755
engineering genius

0:09:20.217,0:09:21.737
battling some of the most

0:09:21.737,0:09:23.467
rugged terrain on the planet

0:09:26.272,0:09:28.672
he'll unlock a building boom

0:09:29.921,0:09:31.049
Meigs: What the out can highway

0:09:31.049,0:09:33.613
shows is it modern civilization

0:09:33.907,0:09:35.177
can project itself

0:09:35.792,0:09:37.120
into the wilderness

0:09:37.495,0:09:38.882
with incredible speed

0:09:42.835,0:09:44.074
Narrator: The challenge ahead

0:09:45.927,0:09:48.850
1,500 miles of forest in tundra

0:09:50.879,0:09:52.109
200 rivers

0:09:54.103,0:09:55.473
and the highest mountains

0:09:55.624,0:09:56.825
in North America

0:10:12.303,0:10:13.960
Hoge's greatest obstacle

0:10:14.952,0:10:15.763
time

0:10:18.947,0:10:20.097
just 8 months

0:10:20.097,0:10:21.403
to complete the highway

0:10:23.184,0:10:24.630
before the Alaska winter

0:10:32.425,0:10:33.781
In Hoge's command

0:10:36.814,0:10:38.463
Corporal Refines Sims

0:10:39.135,0:10:40.178
from Philadelphia

0:10:43.217,0:10:44.957
one of nearly 4,000

0:10:45.218,0:10:47.792
African Americans soldier's in Alaska

0:10:48.628,0:10:50.690
a third of the workforce

0:10:52.048,0:10:57.915
[we were in wilderness, we saw nothing but trees upon trees]

0:11:02.781,0:11:04.026
Narrator: Seven teams

0:11:04.876,0:11:06.393
hundred of miles apart

0:11:07.135,0:11:08.805
racing to meet in the middle

0:11:11.640,0:11:16.355
but with a third of the road unfinished, disaster

0:11:19.956,0:11:21.302
permafrost

0:11:22.861,0:11:24.314
a layer of frozen ground

0:11:24.872,0:11:26.924
up to 2,000 feet deep

0:11:28.560,0:11:30.744
exposed by bulldozer's

0:11:37.012,0:11:38.800
it melts into sinking mud

0:11:41.726,0:11:43.032
[we only found out about the

0:11:43.032,0:11:44.742
permafrost when it was to late]

0:11:49.262,0:11:50.770
trucks and caterpillars sink

0:11:50.770,0:11:51.984
into the muck til

0:11:51.984,0:11:53.198
they were out of sight]

0:11:54.749,0:11:55.973
Narrator: The army is loosing

0:11:55.973,0:11:57.695
battle against nature

0:11:59.551,0:12:01.207
at stake the security

0:12:01.207,0:12:02.693
of the united states

0:12:04.053,0:12:06.021
and time is running out

0:12:13.169,0:12:15.371
Alaska, army engineers

0:12:15.394,0:12:17.686
racing to build the out can highway

0:12:20.017,0:12:21.427
a supply route that will

0:12:21.427,0:12:22.774
help launch the greatest

0:12:22.774,0:12:24.036
road building boom

0:12:24.036,0:12:26.075
in mankind's history

0:12:26.772,0:12:28.210
but the project was

0:12:28.210,0:12:29.259
stuck in the mud

0:12:30.789,0:12:31.878
McNichol: This was a extraordinary

0:12:31.878,0:12:33.538
effort for the Alaskan road

0:12:33.961,0:12:35.730
became mired in mud

0:12:36.183,0:12:37.304
vehicles couldn't move

0:12:39.850,0:12:42.125
Narrator: General Hoge has a radical idea

0:12:46.143,0:12:47.802
ditch the bulldozers

0:12:48.431,0:12:50.379
engineers become ax men

0:12:52.472,0:12:55.749
[the only thing to do was make a matter, timber and branches]

0:12:56.887,0:12:58.224
Narrator: Corporal Refines Sims

0:12:58.224,0:13:01.150
leads a team laying a solid foundation

0:13:03.449,0:13:08.377
corduroying, an old roman technique reinvented

0:13:13.309,0:13:14.833
but progress plummet's

0:13:14.833,0:13:17.986
from 14 miles a day to just 1

0:13:22.779,0:13:24.147
for thousand's of years

0:13:24.737,0:13:29.383
the key to mankind's ambition engineering

0:13:33.443,0:13:35.742
No longer prisoner's of geography

0:13:38.178,0:13:39.511
we re-write nature

0:13:41.445,0:13:43.514
we overcome each new obstacle

0:13:44.132,0:13:45.450
by force of will

0:13:48.660,0:13:50.505
Gates jr: This ability has shaped

0:13:50.767,0:13:53.167
not just our existence

0:13:53.564,0:13:55.544
but, the fact that we are the

0:13:55.544,0:13:58.032
prodominate life form on the planet

0:14:03.157,0:14:04.458
Narrator: With winter closing in

0:14:05.257,0:14:09.797
two teams, one black one white

0:14:10.340,0:14:13.282
battle the weather to complete the final strectch

0:14:14.168,0:14:15.860
Wunderlich: Bitter cold, permafrost

0:14:16.829,0:14:19.583
wild animals completely untamed wilderness

0:14:19.731,0:14:20.869
men sat on the side of

0:14:20.869,0:14:22.486
the road and wept in pain

0:14:27.073,0:14:30.039
Narrator: October 29, 1942

0:14:31.279,0:14:33.270
temperature heading for minus 50

0:14:47.236,0:14:50.213
[cheering]

0:14:51.335,0:14:54.891
but today, the two ends of the road meet

0:15:06.273,0:15:07.945
Corporal Refines Sims

0:15:08.247,0:15:09.789
becomes a national hero

0:15:12.194,0:15:13.598
Wunderlich: It was a shining symbol

0:15:13.598,0:15:15.003
of the fact these men are equal

0:15:15.003,0:15:16.896
to the task their equal to their

0:15:16.896,0:15:19.614
white counter parts, their equal men

0:15:21.383,0:15:22.777
Narrator: Within six years

0:15:22.777,0:15:23.969
the U.S. army

0:15:23.969,0:15:25.458
is racially integrated

0:15:33.102,0:15:35.539
The out can highway complete

0:15:37.174,0:15:39.853
part of a 16,000 miles road

0:15:41.182,0:15:43.512
The world's longest drivable route

0:15:45.422,0:15:48.167
running the length of the America's

0:15:55.371,0:15:56.983
Meigs: It was huge step forward

0:15:57.800,0:15:59.095
and it lead to such a demand

0:15:59.095,0:16:00.954
for more roads, that we see roads now

0:16:00.954,0:16:02.353
literally circling the planet

0:16:04.712,0:16:06.222
Narrator: Within half a century

0:16:06.774,0:16:08.083
the world is racked

0:16:08.251,0:16:09.411
in a network of roads

0:16:11.967,0:16:13.183
long enough to stretch

0:16:13.183,0:16:16.060
to the moon and back, 20 times

0:16:24.025,0:16:25.203
But while warfare

0:16:25.203,0:16:26.598
on a global scale

0:16:26.790,0:16:29.798
push's us to connect the world and reshape

0:16:30.878,0:16:32.740
it also unleashes a new

0:16:33.033,0:16:35.024
and and terrifying source of power

0:16:36.531,0:16:38.096
that could support human life

0:16:38.096,0:16:40.166
on earth for million of years

0:16:41.985,0:16:43.035
or obliterate it

0:16:43.035,0:16:44.491
[ sound's of explosions]

0:16:47.306,0:16:49.811
August 6th, 1945

0:16:51.176,0:16:53.842
two miles above the pacific ocean

0:16:57.965,0:17:00.240
bomber pilot Colonel Paul Tibbets

0:17:03.379,0:17:04.492
30 years old

0:17:05.151,0:17:06.765
a military prodigy

0:17:10.130,0:17:11.921
on a secret mission to end

0:17:12.520,0:17:13.751
world war II

0:17:17.967,0:17:19.064
In Tibbet's pocket

0:17:19.652,0:17:21.297
12 cyanide tablets

0:17:22.201,0:17:24.072
one for each man on board

0:17:25.096,0:17:27.223
capture is not a option

0:17:28.463,0:17:29.540
they know to much

0:17:38.547,0:17:40.690
over 5 thousand years

0:17:40.900,0:17:43.936
and 14,500 wars

0:17:44.757,0:17:48.107
up to 3.5 billion have died

0:17:49.310,0:17:51.668
battling to exert maximum force

0:17:52.631,0:17:54.199
at maximum distance

0:17:58.610,0:18:00.301
with each new generation

0:18:01.796,0:18:03.268
a new weapon

0:18:08.615,0:18:10.609
Wunderlich: We talk about arms races

0:18:10.609,0:18:12.303
and this has been going on

0:18:12.303,0:18:13.526
since the beginning of time

0:18:13.966,0:18:15.488
um you hit me with a stick I

0:18:15.488,0:18:16.572
hit you with a bigger stick

0:18:17.246,0:18:18.634
Narrator: But mankind has never

0:18:18.634,0:18:20.248
know a weapon like this

0:18:20.976,0:18:23.139
the ultimate projection of power

0:18:24.210,0:18:25.436
the atom bomb

0:18:26.419,0:18:28.407
code name, little boy

0:18:32.655,0:18:35.679
target Hiroshima, Japan

0:18:44.229,0:18:47.394
first the bomb need's to be armed

0:18:50.608,0:18:52.158
Captain William Parson's

0:18:55.712,0:18:57.026
one of its designers

0:18:57.263,0:18:58.441
bomb comander

0:19:04.216,0:19:06.588
he removed the detonator before take off

0:19:07.371,0:19:08.941
to make it safe to fly

0:19:20.132,0:19:22.162
now he must refit it

0:19:54.115,0:19:57.464
The core of the bomb uranium

0:19:59.746,0:20:01.712
born in a cosmic explosion

0:20:01.834,0:20:03.447
six billion years ago

0:20:04.230,0:20:05.849
before the birth of our planet

0:20:08.023,0:20:11.840
dormant until scientist split its atoms

0:20:12.871,0:20:15.046
unleashing a apocalyptic power

0:20:16.074,0:20:17.600
to annihilate our species

0:20:18.438,0:20:20.279
or fuel our future

0:20:27.703,0:20:31.502
Dawn 850 miles from Japan

0:20:32.717,0:20:34.915
an American B-29 bomber

0:20:35.591,0:20:36.547
the anola gay

0:20:36.547,0:20:38.095
carries the most destructive

0:20:38.095,0:20:40.297
weapon in the history of mankind

0:20:43.583,0:20:44.947
"Tibbets, I'd been intrusted with the most

0:20:44.947,0:20:46.717
frightful weapon ever devised

0:20:47.171,0:20:49.250
I thought yes, were going to kill

0:20:49.250,0:20:51.241
a lot of people but, by god were

0:20:51.241,0:20:53.318
going to save a lot of lives"

0:20:54.099,0:20:55.258
Wunderlich: We have the power

0:20:55.258,0:20:56.491
that we have always reserved

0:20:56.491,0:20:59.745
only for God, we know have it

0:21:00.121,0:21:02.292
to end everything its in human power

0:21:03.134,0:21:05.025
that pervades every single

0:21:05.095,0:21:07.051
part of our lives today

0:21:08.635,0:21:10.198
Machowicz: The men aboard the anola gay

0:21:10.268,0:21:12.319
knew what they had to do

0:21:12.319,0:21:13.822
and they focused on the details

0:21:13.822,0:21:15.868
of that mission in order to execute it

0:21:16.370,0:21:18.800
no one really knows what's

0:21:18.800,0:21:20.935
going to happen once this

0:21:20.935,0:21:22.944
bomb leaves that aircraft

0:21:24.583,0:21:26.190
Narrator: 9:14 a.m.

0:21:28.806,0:21:30.551
a 60 second warning tone

0:21:31.976,0:21:35.825
below them a city of 350,000 people

0:22:26.620,0:22:30.122
Tibbits has 43 seconds to escape the blast zone

0:23:04.696,0:23:08.078
[sound of bomb exploding]

0:23:16.236,0:23:18.088
Narrator: An explosion 10,000

0:23:18.088,0:23:20.702
times hotter than the surface of the sun

0:23:22.237,0:23:26.082
the bomb kills more than 60,000 instantly

0:23:34.361,0:23:37.154
3 days later a second atom bomb

0:23:40.874,0:23:42.788
Japan surrenders

0:23:48.423,0:23:50.601
Williams: Its the most fearsome thing

0:23:51.191,0:23:52.941
this world can unleash

0:23:53.433,0:23:55.143
that's why we've only seen

0:23:55.848,0:23:57.529
two in the history of the world

0:23:59.660,0:24:02.708
Narrator: Since 1945 mankind has

0:24:02.708,0:24:04.518
been living in the atomic age

0:24:06.036,0:24:08.228
today there are over 19,000

0:24:08.689,0:24:09.882
nuclear war heads

0:24:10.385,0:24:13.821
able to destroy our species 20 times over

0:24:15.500,0:24:16.461
Meigs: With atomic weapons

0:24:16.935,0:24:18.437
we finally hit that point

0:24:19.053,0:24:22.247
of sort of a spiritual crisis

0:24:22.264,0:24:23.727
have we gone to far

0:24:24.245,0:24:25.357
and what does it mean

0:24:25.357,0:24:26.441
that we can can control

0:24:26.441,0:24:28.665
this most elemental of forces

0:24:28.985,0:24:32.039
with such awesome destructive power

0:24:36.898,0:24:38.617
Narrator: But with a terrible weapon

0:24:38.946,0:24:41.883
also comes a revolutionary source of energy

0:24:52.584,0:24:55.075
nuclear power, now the

0:24:55.075,0:24:57.748
third largest generator of electricity

0:24:59.795,0:25:00.895
with the potential to power

0:25:00.895,0:25:03.477
our planet for billions of years

0:25:13.087,0:25:14.363
In the 20th century

0:25:14.708,0:25:16.025
technology and science

0:25:16.630,0:25:17.590
are the key to

0:25:17.590,0:25:18.965
enhancing our world

0:25:21.085,0:25:22.692
human life takes a giant

0:25:22.932,0:25:24.846
leap forward in a

0:25:24.846,0:25:26.624
hospital in South Africa

0:25:32.938,0:25:35.738
1967, Capetown

0:25:37.915,0:25:39.177
Christiaan Barnard

0:25:43.207,0:25:44.520
a medical pioneer with

0:25:44.520,0:25:46.056
20 years experience

0:25:48.454,0:25:49.677
preparing to re-engineer

0:25:50.530,0:25:51.571
the human body

0:25:59.091,0:26:01.242
the patient Louie Washkansky

0:26:02.683,0:26:04.196
former boxer, an athlete

0:26:05.207,0:26:08.696
he'll die without Barnard's ground breaking surgery

0:26:09.626,0:26:11.857
the worlds first heart transplant

0:26:13.070,0:26:14.646
Oz: It was the sentinel moment

0:26:14.999,0:26:16.548
that showed everybody that

0:26:16.548,0:26:18.440
technology and science married together

0:26:18.440,0:26:20.157
could accomplish the unimaginable

0:26:20.415,0:26:21.690
in improving human life

0:26:23.635,0:26:25.145
Narrator: Key to the operation

0:26:25.373,0:26:29.499
a new technology the life support machine

0:26:30.739,0:26:33.174
the apex of human ingenuity

0:26:36.518,0:26:38.597
technology has always improved

0:26:38.597,0:26:41.897
our lives enabling us to by past

0:26:42.082,0:26:43.648
the limits of our bodies

0:26:45.112,0:26:47.247
and advance farther, faster

0:26:48.065,0:26:49.476
than any other species

0:26:52.613,0:26:55.277
now man and machine unite

0:26:55.869,0:26:58.663
to re-engineer life itself

0:27:00.724,0:27:03.933
Barnard, has done 50 heart transplants on dogs

0:27:04.519,0:27:06.186
but never on a human

0:27:08.462,0:27:09.718
"Barnard, I'm not ready for this

0:27:10.500,0:27:12.276
the dogs didn't survive for long enough

0:27:13.465,0:27:15.944
what right do I have to experiment on human"

0:27:32.252,0:27:35.375
Narrator: Washkansky had 3 previous heart attacks

0:27:35.896,0:27:37.177
he's critically ill

0:27:40.299,0:27:41.956
a fist sized muscle

0:27:42.616,0:27:45.546
vital to the life every person on the planet

0:27:47.955,0:27:50.045
the human heart beats two and a half

0:27:50.045,0:27:52.508
billion times in a average life

0:27:54.580,0:27:57.220
one missed beat can be fatal

0:28:00.884,0:28:03.584
first step, remove the dying heart

0:28:04.812,0:28:06.119
and hook up Washkansky

0:28:06.119,0:28:07.646
to a life support machine

0:28:08.466,0:28:10.337
it will do the work of the heart

0:28:38.457,0:28:39.376
"Barnard, I've never seen

0:28:39.376,0:28:40.665
a chest like this before

0:28:42.657,0:28:44.247
a human without a heart

0:28:45.397,0:28:47.073
kept alive by a machine"

0:28:54.269,0:28:55.243
Oz: Something so sacred as

0:28:55.243,0:28:56.265
the human heart

0:28:56.521,0:28:57.778
the organ of our poets

0:28:57.778,0:28:59.047
the internal metronome of

0:28:59.047,0:29:00.593
our bodies the thought that

0:29:00.593,0:29:02.487
it could be removed and replaced

0:29:02.487,0:29:04.713
and the patient still live , unimaginable

0:29:08.325,0:29:09.583
Narrator: Three hours into

0:29:09.583,0:29:11.442
the operation with the

0:29:11.442,0:29:13.168
patients blood mechanically

0:29:13.168,0:29:14.526
pumped through his body

0:29:15.269,0:29:17.193
Barnard must attach the

0:29:17.193,0:29:19.357
donor heart before it dies

0:29:45.083,0:29:47.284
Barnard jump start's the new heart

0:29:47.954,0:29:55.136
[clear the table, go ahead and shock it, shock]

0:29:57.776,0:30:00.728
[intense music]

0:30:18.262,0:30:21.818
the hear beat's but, it is

0:30:21.818,0:30:23.677
still powered by a machine

0:30:25.400,0:30:27.230
it has to beat on it's own

0:30:28.106,0:30:30.474
or Washkansky will die

0:30:37.844,0:30:39.806
the first ever heart transplant

0:30:41.046,0:30:42.120
an operation that could

0:30:42.238,0:30:44.182
revolutionize modern medicine

0:30:44.699,0:30:46.112
at a critical stage

0:30:48.832,0:30:50.564
after 3 heart attacks

0:30:50.896,0:30:53.245
Louie Washkansky has a new heart

0:30:53.925,0:30:56.289
still powered by a life support machine

0:30:59.032,0:31:00.686
but when Christiian Barnard

0:31:00.886,0:31:02.249
turns the machine off

0:31:03.095,0:31:05.183
the new heart falters

0:31:07.102,0:31:08.787
blood pressure drops

0:31:09.675,0:31:10.661
it's failing

0:31:10.661,0:31:11.857
[sound of machine beeping]

0:31:24.917,0:31:26.725
Washkansky's heart is spent

0:31:30.631,0:31:32.409
his life hangs in the balance

0:31:34.121,0:31:36.803
with it the future of medicine

0:31:39.809,0:31:41.053
Oz: Christiian Barnard's risk was not

0:31:41.053,0:31:43.492
just with his career he, was also risking

0:31:43.492,0:31:44.816
the dreams of many who believed we could

0:31:44.816,0:31:47.202
do organ transplantation successfully

0:31:47.202,0:31:48.537
that it wasn't just a gimmick

0:31:57.251,0:31:59.245
Narrator: To save Washkansky's life

0:31:59.497,0:32:01.781
Barnard put's him back on life support

0:32:02.614,0:32:03.798
and tries again

0:32:04.978,0:32:06.840
the new heart beat's

0:32:07.278,0:32:10.273
and keeps beating without the machine

0:32:14.287,0:32:17.059
the most complex operation in history

0:32:17.817,0:32:18.781
a success

0:32:21.999,0:32:23.514
Oz: Mechanical heart's transplanting

0:32:23.514,0:32:24.896
other organs, the thought that we

0:32:24.896,0:32:26.717
regenerate tissue, all this

0:32:26.717,0:32:29.652
came about because one brave man

0:32:29.652,0:32:32.279
was able accomplish one unimaginable feat

0:32:32.639,0:32:34.262
and show it was all possible

0:32:36.941,0:32:38.446
Narrator: Barnard's procedure has

0:32:38.446,0:32:43.989
saved over 75,000 lives in the United States alone

0:32:44.674,0:32:49.026
surgeons perform over 2,500 heart transplant's a year

0:32:50.886,0:32:54.362
our organ's replaceable and re-engineered

0:32:59.528,0:33:02.915
new body parts, new technology

0:33:03.342,0:33:04.883
a new mankind

0:33:07.611,0:33:09.518
but as science and technology

0:33:09.518,0:33:11.477
free us from the limit's of our bodies

0:33:12.107,0:33:13.676
across the world they are

0:33:13.676,0:33:15.761
also key to a new victory

0:33:16.733,0:33:19.566
in the struggle for individual rights and justice

0:33:29.520,0:33:33.148
Selma Alabama, 1965

0:33:34.549,0:33:38.242
600 African American's demand change

0:33:39.978,0:33:42.833
inspiring a global fight for freedom

0:33:44.338,0:33:45.673
Amelia Boynton

0:33:48.241,0:33:51.696
53 years old, a civil rights activist

0:33:51.696,0:33:52.691
since high school

0:33:55.772,0:33:57.786
Camarillo: Risk taker absolutely

0:33:58.173,0:34:00.196
committed to chance absolutely

0:34:00.777,0:34:02.403
hero absolutely

0:34:03.892,0:34:05.712
Narrator: Marching for the right to vote

0:34:06.960,0:34:08.003
blocking her way

0:34:08.905,0:34:10.704
centuries of discrimination

0:34:15.195,0:34:17.108
racism rules in the south

0:34:17.879,0:34:21.113
but only 25 percent of blacks and southern states

0:34:22.070,0:34:23.517
are registered voters

0:34:24.024,0:34:26.538
volunteer Boynton, helps them sign up

0:34:27.117,0:34:31.403
[next, is this your full name?]

0:34:31.513,0:34:32.404
[yes sir]

0:34:32.858,0:34:35.531
[you haven't filled this section in, can you right?]

0:34:36.100,0:34:37.690
[sir I know I don't have that piece]

0:34:37.690,0:34:38.812
[ I can't help you]

0:34:38.812,0:34:39.354
[please sir]

0:34:39.354,0:34:40.596
[go to the back of the line!]

0:34:41.577,0:34:42.149
[next]

0:34:44.057,0:34:45.936
Narrator: White authorities block their path

0:34:46.373,0:34:49.947
with red tape, and police intimidation

0:35:16.681,0:35:21.001
[confrontation between police and a man standing in line]

0:35:29.607,0:35:31.863
Narrator: the only option, protest

0:35:33.201,0:35:36.321
Camillo: People knew, like she did

0:35:37.281,0:35:40.657
that you protest in the south and you

0:35:40.673,0:35:42.263
risk life and limb

0:35:43.046,0:35:44.214
they knew it was dangerous

0:35:44.726,0:35:46.493
but they were also driven

0:35:47.364,0:35:50.122
for this struggle for equality

0:35:52.363,0:35:54.681
Williams: It's very hard to bottle up

0:35:54.784,0:35:56.230
the notion of freedom

0:35:56.524,0:35:58.213
once it's been uncorked

0:36:00.166,0:36:02.047
sadly, as long as there's been

0:36:02.047,0:36:03.346
human kind and as long

0:36:03.346,0:36:05.671
as were around, there's going to

0:36:05.671,0:36:08.953
be this tug of war between democracy and repression

0:36:10.772,0:36:14.082
Narrator: their destination the state capitol Montgomery

0:36:28.167,0:36:30.919
determined to stop them, Jim Clark

0:36:35.327,0:36:37.433
World War II, aircraft gunner

0:36:37.898,0:36:38.857
Selma Sheriff

0:36:40.907,0:36:44.118
he deputizes every white male over 21

0:36:48.984,0:36:50.954
joining 200 state troopers

0:36:53.681,0:36:56.360
but this confrontation won't go unseen

0:36:58.010,0:37:00.228
on the ground is local camera man

0:37:00.371,0:37:01.419
Lawrence Pierce

0:37:06.179,0:37:10.407
new's hungry, committed tough as nails

0:37:15.496,0:37:18.099
the journalist with the biggest story of his life

0:37:24.942,0:37:28.059
new technologies will harness the powers

0:37:28.115,0:37:29.732
of mass communication

0:37:31.201,0:37:33.061
information will travel further

0:37:33.061,0:37:35.084
and faster than ever before

0:37:45.423,0:37:46.632
a 3 minute warning

0:37:47.809,0:37:49.759
to disperse and go home

0:37:53.623,0:37:55.637
but the protestor's won't back down

0:38:01.130,0:38:04.651
90 seconds later the police attack

0:38:08.484,0:38:10.394
40 cans of tear gas

0:38:11.908,0:38:13.695
8 cans of nausea gas

0:38:16.262,0:38:19.290
on the receiving end activist Emilia Boynton

0:38:21.899,0:38:25.038
Machowicz: Imagine the courage and the fear

0:38:25.961,0:38:28.929
that they have to confront as club

0:38:29.631,0:38:34.067
and foot and hand is smashed upon them

0:38:34.439,0:38:36.991
until their driven into the ground

0:38:42.314,0:38:44.191
Narrator: Boynton, left for dead

0:38:46.092,0:38:48.543
she'll be unconscious for 2 days

0:38:50.996,0:38:52.516
but, the world is watching

0:39:00.526,0:39:01.962
Selma Alabama

0:39:03.182,0:39:05.658
police attack a non-violent protest

0:39:09.155,0:39:11.695
civil right activist Emelia Boynton

0:39:12.212,0:39:14.102
is on of 50 who are injured

0:39:15.214,0:39:17.785
but, key to any protest movement

0:39:17.919,0:39:20.332
in the modern age, television

0:39:22.505,0:39:24.036
journalist Lawrence Pierce

0:39:24.354,0:39:25.895
rush's film to New York

0:39:30.748,0:39:32.619
15 minutes of raw footage

0:39:32.748,0:39:35.517
interrupts (ABC) Sunday night movie

0:39:41.331,0:39:43.914
the birth of breaking TV news

0:39:47.320,0:39:50.418
by 1965, nine out ten

0:39:50.595,0:39:53.019
American families own a television

0:39:54.823,0:39:57.677
over 70 percent of the adult population

0:39:58.291,0:40:00.594
watch the TV new every evening

0:40:01.953,0:40:04.553
all three networks show the Selma violence

0:40:05.320,0:40:07.327
45 million viewers

0:40:13.478,0:40:16.446
Gates: Television made horror and brutality local

0:40:17.289,0:40:19.456
so local, that it was in your living room

0:40:20.254,0:40:21.988
that had never happened before

0:40:21.994,0:40:23.544
in the history of the United States

0:40:30.157,0:40:32.057
Willams: The nation couldn't look away

0:40:32.300,0:40:35.247
people were amazed , however grainy

0:40:35.438,0:40:37.632
however black and white at immediacy

0:40:37.710,0:40:39.922
of those image's, the people who

0:40:39.978,0:40:42.142
were beaten to within a inch of their lives

0:40:42.609,0:40:44.860
you didn't have to be in the movement

0:40:45.193,0:40:47.100
to believe in civil rights

0:40:47.458,0:40:50.296
but those pictures you couldn't turn off

0:40:51.699,0:40:55.232
Narrator: Within 15 days, President Lyndon Johnson

0:40:55.428,0:40:57.507
proposes the voting the rights act

0:40:58.101,0:41:00.465
outlawing voter discrimination

0:41:01.253,0:41:03.329
landmark legislation

0:41:04.503,0:41:07.321
a turning point for civil rights in America

0:41:12.924,0:41:17.132
media for the masses means repression won't go unseen

0:41:23.603,0:41:25.839
in a world for instant communication

0:41:26.618,0:41:28.374
everyone has a voice

0:41:30.925,0:41:34.673
Lindbergh: Communication, helps to grow the concept

0:41:34.855,0:41:36.516
and understanding of civilization

0:41:36.516,0:41:38.194
in the human race on the earth

0:41:38.628,0:41:42.242
equalizing the classes, equalizing the culture's

0:41:43.202,0:41:44.402
Narrator: The greater the numbers

0:41:44.712,0:41:46.160
the stronger the bonds

0:41:46.868,0:41:48.320
in a world of connections

0:41:51.202,0:41:53.016
we are the product of our history

0:41:54.153,0:41:55.916
100,000 thousand years ago

0:41:56.387,0:41:59.183
the emergence of an extraordinary species

0:42:06.887,0:42:11.035
Megis: One thing that defines humanity is skill

0:42:11.766,0:42:14.453
anything that you learn to do that

0:42:15.581,0:42:17.138
nature didn't program you to do

0:42:17.748,0:42:19.150
Narrator: A hunger to survive

0:42:19.970,0:42:21.641
fuels a power to invent

0:42:23.212,0:42:27.541
[the innovator survive, the innovator's had success ]

0:42:29.530,0:42:30.816
Narrator: Our thirst for knowledge

0:42:31.593,0:42:32.992
a quest to explore

0:42:34.969,0:42:36.843
William: This is what we do

0:42:37.188,0:42:39.237
never content with were we are

0:42:39.514,0:42:42.067
were, always looking over there and over there

0:42:42.067,0:42:45.910
may mean oceans or mountains or continents away

0:42:46.807,0:42:48.298
Narrator: We forge connections

0:42:49.117,0:42:51.280
but contact can bring conflict

0:42:52.671,0:42:53.578
Brands: One of the striking things

0:42:53.578,0:42:55.431
about humans is there never any human society

0:42:55.710,0:43:02.380
that hasn't had war, maybe its necessary to our evolution

0:43:05.802,0:43:09.204
Narrator: Mankind most enduring enemy disease

0:43:10.643,0:43:12.529
Oz: I'm confident in our life time

0:43:12.922,0:43:15.409
we experience a pandemic that is similar scope

0:43:15.409,0:43:17.939
to the bubonic plague, but now we have

0:43:17.962,0:43:20.029
and advantage, now we know its possible

0:43:20.628,0:43:21.412
we know what we can do

0:43:21.412,0:43:22.756
to stop it, we know what we

0:43:22.756,0:43:24.496
can do cure people who are infected

0:43:24.940,0:43:26.539
we will use science to beat back the

0:43:26.539,0:43:27.754
things we have feared the most

0:43:28.488,0:43:30.364
Narrator: Yet in our darkest moments

0:43:30.977,0:43:32.807
we find enlightenment

0:43:33.719,0:43:35.268
and with all we've learned

0:43:35.915,0:43:37.138
we face the future

0:43:38.948,0:43:40.407
Wunderlich: History is the road map

0:43:41.178,0:43:41.891
and with out it

0:43:42.831,0:43:46.040
there is no way to navigate the furture

0:43:46.587,0:43:47.737
its not possible

0:43:49.828,0:43:51.806
Narrator: Now a new journey

0:43:52.324,0:43:53.865
into inner space

0:43:55.946,0:43:57.061
Oz: The most important

0:43:57.061,0:43:58.238
place for us to investigate the

0:43:58.238,0:43:59.739
body now is the brain

0:44:00.616,0:44:01.417
in order to enter the

0:44:01.417,0:44:03.404
next realm of longevity

0:44:03.574,0:44:05.707
and wealth and health among humanity

0:44:07.963,0:44:09.490
Narrator: That same instinct to

0:44:09.490,0:44:11.522
discover ourselves will fuel

0:44:11.638,0:44:14.154
the exploration of our universe

0:44:16.749,0:44:19.128
will unlock the power of the sun

0:44:20.862,0:44:23.094
and reach out into space

0:44:24.825,0:44:27.996
There's a human need to investigate

0:44:28.052,0:44:32.172
to explore to see new lands I think

0:44:32.172,0:44:34.139
that drive will eventually will lead us

0:44:34.139,0:44:35.346
to other planets

0:44:36.142,0:44:38.568
Narrator: The next step a new home

0:44:40.471,0:44:41.550
Megis: There's no question

0:44:41.550,0:44:42.964
humans will be going to mars

0:44:43.151,0:44:44.699
probably within the lifetime

0:44:44.899,0:44:46.496
of people who are alive today

0:45:45.122,0:45:49.512
Narrator: The story of mankind is only just beginning

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000


9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000