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- [Voiceover] Hey grammarians.

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Today we're gonna talk about three of

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the relative adverbs in English.

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Which is where, when, and why.

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And this over here is Peggy the dragon.

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And we're gonna use the story[br]of Peggy the dragon in order

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to figure out how to use[br]these relative adverbs.

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You may be looking at[br]these words and thinking

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that they look an awful[br]lot like question words.

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And you're right they are.

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These are questions words.

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But you can also--

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so you can use them to[br]ask a question like,

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where are you from?

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Because we use the word,

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where to figure out[br]where stuff is in space.

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So you know, where figures out place.

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So Peggy could respond and say

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that is the cave where I grew up.

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And you can see that where,

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here is not being used in a question way.

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It's actually connecting

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the clause I grew up,

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to cave.

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And this is why we call[br]this a relative adverb.

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Because the word, where,[br]modifies the word grew.

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It's I grew up, where.

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And it also connects[br]this whole thing to cave.

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Because where did peggy grow up?

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A cave.

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And it connects this whole chunk

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to the rest of the sentence.

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To the sentence being, that is the cave.

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We use the word, when, to[br]ask questions about time.

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So if I ask Peggy you[br]know, you're a dragon

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when did you learn to breathe fire?

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Because all dragons can breathe fire

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(whooshing)

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She would say,

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I learned to breathe fire[br]when I was 10 years old.

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So again we're using this word, when,

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to connect these two ideas.

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When did she learn to breathe fire?

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When she was 10 years old.

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And technically, when is an[br]adverb that modifies was.

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Finally, we use the word why

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to figure out reasons for doing stuff.

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So if something strange were happening

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in the countryside and I[br]asked Peggy, oh mighty dragon

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do you know why it is raining fish?

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Peggy could say,

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I don't know why that's happening.

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So again we've go these two clauses

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that is happening, and I don't know.

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And, why, connects and relates them.

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And why is modifying is happening here.

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And there are other relative adverbs like

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while, is another way to say when.

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And whence, which is[br]archaic and nobody really

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uses it but it's another way to say where.

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And if you're familiar[br]with Romeo and Juliet

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from Shakespeare, you've probably

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heard the word wherefore.

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You know as in,

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"Romeo, Romeo, wherefore art thou Romeo?

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Deny thy father refuse thy name."

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Etcetera.

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And that's an old fashioned[br]way of saying why.

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So we don't really say wherefore anymore.

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We don't really say whence anymore.

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But while, is another way to say when.

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Where, you ask about place.

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When, you ask about time.

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Why, is for reasons.

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These are the relative adverbs of English.

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You can learn anything.

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David out.