[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.18,0:00:14.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have shared \Nthe incommunicable experience of war.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.46,0:00:18.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We have felt, we still feel,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.34,0:00:21.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"the passion of life to its top.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.66,0:00:25.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"In our youth, our hearts\Nwere touched with fire."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.24,0:00:29.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— Oliver Wendell Holmes.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.68,0:00:40.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By the summer 1861\NWilmer McLean had had enough.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.55,0:00:45.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two great armies\Nwere converging on his farm
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.73,0:00:48.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what would be \Nthe first major battle of the Civil War,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.92,0:00:52.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bull Run, or Manassas, \Nas the Confederates called it,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.35,0:00:55.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would soon rage\Nacross the aging Virginian's farm,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.88,0:00:59.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a Union shell going so far as to explode\Nin the summer kitchen.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.52,0:01:05.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now McLean moved his family \Naway from Manassas
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.59,0:01:07.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,far south and west of Richmond.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.67,0:01:10.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Out of harm's way, he prayed,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.22,0:01:13.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a dusty little crossroads\Ncalled Appomattox Courthouse.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.23,0:01:18.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it was there, in his living room, \Nthree and a half years later,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.98,0:01:20.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that Lee surrendered to Grant.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.22,0:01:24.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Wilmer McLean could rightfully say,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.19,0:01:29.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The war began in my front yard\Nand ended in my front parlor".
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.28,0:01:38.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[The Civil War]
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.97,0:03:14.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Civil War was fought in 10,000 places,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.20,0:03:17.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from Valverde, New Mexico\Nand Tullahoma, Tennessee,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.79,0:03:21.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to St. Albans, Vermont, \Nand Fernandina, on the Florida coast.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.96,0:03:27.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,More than three million Americans \Nfought in it
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.95,0:03:33.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and over 600,000 men, \N2% of the population, died in it.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.25,0:03:38.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,American homes became headquarters.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.85,0:03:43.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,American churches and schoolhouses\Nsheltered the dying.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.61,0:03:49.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And huge foraging armies \Nswept across American farms
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.98,0:03:52.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and burned American towns.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.73,0:03:59.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Americans slaughtered one another\Nwholesale, here, in America,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.07,0:04:01.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in their own corn fields, \Nand peach orchards,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.26,0:04:06.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,along familiar roads and by waters \Nwith old American names.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.23,0:04:12.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In two days, at Shiloh, \Non the banks of the Tennessee,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.23,0:04:17.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more American men fell than \Non all previous American wars combined.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.69,0:04:25.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At Cold Harbor, 7,000 Americans \Nfell in 20 minutes.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.17,0:04:37.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Men who had never strayed 20 miles\Nfrom their own front doors,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.91,0:04:40.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now found themselves \Nsoldiers in great armies,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.94,0:04:43.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fighting epic battles \Nhundreds of miles from home.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.89,0:04:49.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They knew they were making history
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.10,0:04:51.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it was the greatest adventure\Nof their lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.53,0:04:59.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The war made some rich, ruined others
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.93,0:05:03.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and change forever the lives \Nof all who lived through it.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.75,0:05:07.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A lackluster clerk from Galena, Illinois,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.79,0:05:10.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a failure at everything\Nexcept marriage and war,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.28,0:05:13.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who in three years would be \Nhead of the Union army
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.45,0:05:16.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in seven \NPresident the United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.09,0:05:20.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An eccentric student of theology \Nand military tactics,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.51,0:05:24.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a hypochondriac who rode in the battle\Nwith one hand raised
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.86,0:05:27.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"to keep", he said, "the blood balanced".
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.80,0:05:32.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A college professor from Maine,\Nwho on a little hill in Pennsylvania,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.94,0:05:35.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ordered an unlikely textbook maneuver,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.90,0:05:39.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that saved the Union army\Nand possibly the Union itself.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.89,0:05:44.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two ordinary soldiers, \None from Providence, Rhode Island,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.16,0:05:48.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the other from Columbia, Tennessee,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.53,0:05:50.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who each serve four years
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.87,0:05:54.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and together seemed to have been\Neverywhere during the war
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.08,0:05:55.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and live to tell the tale.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.49,0:06:00.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The courtly unknowable aristocrat
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.28,0:06:03.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who disapproved of secession and slavery.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.19,0:06:05.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,yet went on to defend them both
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.10,0:06:07.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,\Nat the head of one \Nof the greatest armies of all time.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.100,0:06:12.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The runaway boy \Nwho "stole himself" from slavery,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.58,0:06:15.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,recruited two regiments of black soldiers
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.22,0:06:17.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and helped transform the Civil War
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.58,0:06:20.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into a struggle for the freedom\Nof all Americans.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.45,0:06:25.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then there was \Nthe rough man from Illinois,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.70,0:06:29.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who would rise to be the greatest President\Nthe country has ever seen.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.26,0:06:38.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Between 1861 and 1865, \NAmericans made war on each other
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.74,0:06:41.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and killed each other in great numbers
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.46,0:06:44.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if only to become the kind of country
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.16,0:06:46.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that could no longer conceive\Nhow that was possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.25,0:06:53.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What began as a bitter dispute\Nover Union and states' rights,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.59,0:06:57.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ended as a struggle over \Nthe meaning of freedom in America.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.96,0:07:04.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At Gettysburg in 1863, Abraham Lincoln \Ncan said perhaps more than he knew.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.61,0:07:09.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The war was about "a new birth of freedom".
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.61,0:07:21.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1938 — 75th anniversary \Nof the Battle of Gettysburg.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.60,0:07:24.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,President Roosevelt spoke \Nto the remaining few Civil War veterans.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.97,0:07:28.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Veterans of the Blue and the Gray.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.25,0:07:33.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"On behalf of the people \Nof the United States,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.57,0:07:37.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I accept this monument
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.67,0:07:41.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"in the spirit of brotherhood and peace".
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.86,0:07:45.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Year after year, the nation remembered.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.46,0:07:49.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1930, veterans of the Union army\Nmarched in Cincinnati, Ohio.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.44,0:07:51.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Four years later in New York City.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.84,0:07:54.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They and the surviving veterans \Nof the Confederacy
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.73,0:07:57.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were the last link \Nwith the terrible conflict
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.44,0:07:59.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that tore America apart,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.15,0:08:01.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from 1861 to 1865.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.72,0:08:04.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The last Civil War veteran \Nwould die in 1959
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.27,0:08:08.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and no longer were there been \Nliving memories of long ago battles.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.18,0:08:11.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Only History and legends.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.99,0:08:28.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Any understanding of this nation\Nhas to be based,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.76,0:08:31.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I mean, really based \Non an understanding of the Civil War.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.95,0:08:34.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I believe that firmly. It defined us.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.34,0:08:36.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Revolution did what it did.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.52,0:08:39.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our involvement in European wars, \Nbeginning with the I World War,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.95,0:08:41.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,did what it did.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.55,0:08:44.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the Civil War defines us \Nas what we are
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.20,0:08:49.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it opened us to being what we became,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.56,0:08:51.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,good and bad things.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.26,0:08:56.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is very necessary \Nif you are going to understand
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.14,0:08:59.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the American character,\Nin the 20th century,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.30,0:09:03.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to learn about this enormous catastrophe \Nof the mid-19th century.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.94,0:09:08.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was the crossroads of our being\Nand it was a hell of a crossroads.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.14,0:09:13.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For me, the picture of the Civil War,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.68,0:09:16.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a historic phenomenon,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.81,0:09:19.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is not on the battlefield.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.69,0:09:21.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not about weapons.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.30,0:09:22.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not about soldiers,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.27,0:09:28.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,except to the extent that weapons\Nand soldiers at that crucial moment,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.18,0:09:32.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,joined a discussion \Nabout something higher,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.24,0:09:35.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about humanity, about human dignity,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.29,0:09:37.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about human freedom.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.67,0:09:44.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"From whence shall we expect \Nthe approach of danger?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.53,0:09:50.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Shall some trans-Atlantic giant\Nstep the earth and crush us at a blow?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.54,0:09:53.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Never.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.70,0:09:56.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"All the armies of Europe and Asia
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.56,0:10:00.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"could not by force take a drink \Nfrom the Ohio River
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.36,0:10:04.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"or make a track on the Blue Ridge \Nin the trial of a thousand years.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.74,0:10:11.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"No, if destruction be our lot we must \Nourselves be its author and finisher.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.18,0:10:16.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"As a nation of free men,\Nwe will live forever
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.32,0:10:19.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"or die by suicide".
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.12,0:10:24.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— Abraham Lincoln, 1837.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.93,0:10:31.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[1861— the Cause]
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.37,0:10:39.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1861 most of the nation's \N31 million people
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.57,0:10:42.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,live peaceably on farms \Nand in small towns.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.05,0:10:48.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At Sharpsburg, Maryland,\Na German pacifist sect, the Dunkards,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.32,0:10:51.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,made their home\Nin a sea of wheat and corn.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.56,0:10:56.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, \Npopulation 2,400,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.46,0:11:00.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,young men studied Latin and Mathematics\Nat the small college there.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.80,0:11:03.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Steamboats filled with cotton,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.96,0:11:06.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,came and went at Vicksburg \Non the Mississippi.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.66,0:11:11.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Washington D.C., \NSenator Jefferson Davis
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.12,0:11:13.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reviewed plans for remodeling the Capitol.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.60,0:11:19.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Richmond, the 900 employees\Nof the Tredegar Iron Works
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.98,0:11:23.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,turned out gun carriages and cannon\Nfor the US government.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.38,0:11:29.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At West Point, on the Hudson, \Nofficers trained
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.90,0:11:33.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and friendships were formed, \Nthey thought, would last a lifetime.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.46,0:11:40.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"In thinking of America,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.24,0:11:45.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I sometimes find myself \Nadmiring her bright blue sky
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.59,0:11:48.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"her grand old woods, her fertile fields,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.85,0:11:50.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"her beautiful rivers,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.90,0:11:53.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"her mighty lakes \Nand star-crowned mountains.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.86,0:11:58.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"But my rapture is soon checked
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.97,0:12:01.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"when I remember that all is cursed
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.46,0:12:05.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"with the infernal spirit \Nof slaveholding and wrong,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.91,0:12:10.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"when I remember that \Nwith the waters of her noblest rivers
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.06,0:12:13.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"the tears of my brethren\Nare borne to the ocean,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.28,0:12:16.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"disregarded and forgotten,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.50,0:12:23.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"that her most fertile fields drink daily \Nof the warm blood of my outraged sisters,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.16,0:12:28.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I am filled with an unutterable loathing".
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.73,0:12:31.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— Frederick Douglass.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.16,0:12:36.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[All Night Forever]
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.15,0:14:00.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"No day ever dawns for the slave", \Na freed black man wrote.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.29,0:14:03.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"nor is it looked for.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.70,0:14:05.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"For the slave, it is all night,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.19,0:14:08.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"all night forever."
Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.51,0:14:15.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One white Mississippian was more blunt.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:15.92,0:14:18.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I'd rather be dead", he said,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:18.16,0:14:21.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"than be a nigger on one \Nof these big plantations".
Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.37,0:14:30.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A slave entered the world in a one-room,\Ndirt-floored shack.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:30.40,0:14:33.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Drafty in winter, reeking in summer,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:33.33,0:14:36.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,slave cabins bred pneumonia, typhus,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:36.29,0:14:39.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cholera, lockjaw, tuberculosis.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:40.23,0:14:43.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The child who survived\Nto be sent to the fields at 12,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.69,0:14:48.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was likely to have rotten teeth,\Nworms, dysentery, malaria.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:49.17,0:14:52.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fewer than four out of a hundred \Nlived to be 60.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:58.54,0:15:02.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Work began at sunrise and continued\Nas long as there was light.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:02.64,0:15:04.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fourteen hours sometimes,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:04.90,0:15:08.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unless there was a full moon\Nwhen it went on still longer.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:13.95,0:15:17.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the auction block, \Nblacks be made to jump and dance
Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.06,0:15:19.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to demonstrate their sprightliness
Dialogue: 0,0:15:19.12,0:15:21.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and stripped to show \Nhow little whipping they needed.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:23.09,0:15:25.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Buyers poked and prodded them,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:25.23,0:15:27.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,examined their feet, eyes and teeth,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:27.94,0:15:32.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"precisely", one ex-slave recalled, \N"as a jockey examines a horse".
Dialogue: 0,0:15:34.49,0:15:38.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"A slave could expect to be sold \Nat least once in his lifetime.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:38.25,0:15:40.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"maybe two times, maybe more.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:42.24,0:15:45.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Since slave marriages had no legal status,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:45.64,0:15:48.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"preachers changed \Nthe wedding vows to read
Dialogue: 0,0:15:48.87,0:15:51.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"until death or distance do you part".
Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.44,0:15:56.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"You know what I'd rather do,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:57.56,0:16:03.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"if I thought that I'd ever be \Na slave again?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:04.64,0:16:08.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I'd take a gun and just end it \Nall right away.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:10.21,0:16:12.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Because you're nothing but a dog.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:13.26,0:16:15.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"You're not a thing but a dog.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:25.100,0:16:27.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Some slaves refused to work.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:28.69,0:16:30.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Some ran away.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:35.21,0:16:38.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Still, blacks struggled \Nto hold their families together,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:38.84,0:16:42.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"created their own culture \Nunder the worst of conditions
Dialogue: 0,0:16:44.62,0:16:46.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and yearned to be free.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:03.34,0:17:08.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If there was a single event \Nthat caused the war,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:08.52,0:17:11.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was the establishment \Nof the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:17:11.36,0:17:14.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in independence from Great Britain,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:14.36,0:17:17.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with slavery still a part of its heritage.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:18.95,0:17:21.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was because we failed to do the thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:21.90,0:17:25.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We really have a genius for,\Nwhich is compromise.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:25.12,0:17:27.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Americans like to think of themselves\Nas uncompromising.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:27.78,0:17:31.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our true genius is for compromise, \Nour whole governments founded on it,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:31.48,0:17:32.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it failed.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:33.100,0:17:36.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"There was never a moment in our History
Dialogue: 0,0:17:36.21,0:17:39.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"when slavery was not a sleeping serpent.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:39.71,0:17:41.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"It laid coiled up under the table
Dialogue: 0,0:17:41.93,0:17:45.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"during the deliberations\Nof the Constitutional Convention.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:45.14,0:17:49.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Owing to the Cotton Gin, \Nit was more than half awake.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:49.47,0:17:52.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Thereafter, slavery was on everyone's mind,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:53.08,0:17:55.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"though not always on his tongue".
Dialogue: 0,0:17:56.56,0:17:58.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— John G. Chapman.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:00.46,0:18:04.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By the time the nation was founded, \Nslavery was dying in the North.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:06.24,0:18:08.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were doubts in the South too.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:08.40,0:18:11.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But few could conceive of any alternative.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:11.90,0:18:14.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thomas Jefferson in Virginia said
Dialogue: 0,0:18:14.35,0:18:18.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maintaining slavery \Nwas like holding a wolf by the ears.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:18.53,0:18:21.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"You didn't like it \Nbut you didn't dare let it go".
Dialogue: 0,0:18:23.72,0:18:27.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, in 1793, a Northerner, Eli Whitney,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:27.58,0:18:30.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,taught the South how to make slavery pay.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:31.78,0:18:37.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whitney's engine, or "gin", made it easier\Nto separate cotton from its seed.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:40.68,0:18:42.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where before it had taken one slave
Dialogue: 0,0:18:42.87,0:18:45.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ten hours to produce\Na single pound of lint,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:45.87,0:18:49.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Cotton Gin could crank out\Na thousand pounds a day.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:53.28,0:18:54.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Production soared
Dialogue: 0,0:18:54.87,0:18:56.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and with it, the demand for slaves.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:58.17,0:19:00.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By 1860, the last year of peace,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:00.74,0:19:04.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one out of every seven Americans \Nbelonged to another American.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:05.95,0:19:09.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Four million men, women \Nand children were slaves.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:16.47,0:19:19.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Are We Free?]
Dialogue: 0,0:19:24.52,0:19:29.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Boston, in 1831, claiming\Nthat "which is not just, is not law",
Dialogue: 0,0:19:29.25,0:19:32.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,William Lloyd Garrison began publishing
Dialogue: 0,0:19:32.34,0:19:35.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a militant, anti-slavery \Nnewspaper, "The Liberator".
Dialogue: 0,0:19:36.25,0:19:39.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He called for complete \Nand immediate abolition.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:40.48,0:19:44.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I am in earnest. I will not equivocate.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:44.93,0:19:46.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I will not excuse,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:47.99,0:19:51.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I will not retreat a single inch
Dialogue: 0,0:19:51.96,0:19:54.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and I will be heard!"
Dialogue: 0,0:19:56.54,0:19:58.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was heard
Dialogue: 0,0:19:58.37,0:20:00.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and his message was clear.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:00.23,0:20:01.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Slavery was sin
Dialogue: 0,0:20:03.24,0:20:05.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and those who maintained it, criminals.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:12.24,0:20:16.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The abolition movement grew\Ninspired by passionate leaders.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:16.46,0:20:20.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Harriet Tubman, called Moses by the slaves\Nwho followed her north to freedom.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:21.37,0:20:25.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wendell Phillips, named \Nthe Golden Trumpet of Abolitionism,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:25.48,0:20:27.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for his oratory
Dialogue: 0,0:20:27.66,0:20:29.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Frederick Douglass,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:29.34,0:20:31.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the son of a slave and a white man.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:32.41,0:20:35.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I appear this evening \Nas a thief and robber
Dialogue: 0,0:20:36.49,0:20:39.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I stole this head, these limbs
Dialogue: 0,0:20:39.31,0:20:41.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"this body from my master
Dialogue: 0,0:20:41.63,0:20:43.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and ran off with them.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:44.54,0:20:49.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Douglass was so eloquent that skeptics \Ncharged he could never have been a slave.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:49.67,0:20:53.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In part to prove them wrong, \Nhe wrote an autobiography,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:53.21,0:20:57.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,purchased his freedom with 600 dollars \Nobtained from English admirers
Dialogue: 0,0:20:57.35,0:20:59.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and returned to the struggle.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:00.41,0:21:02.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Southern men!\NDown with the abolition press]
Dialogue: 0,0:21:02.58,0:21:04.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The abolitionists would raise the negroes
Dialogue: 0,0:21:04.64,0:21:07.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"to a social and political equality\Nwith the whites
Dialogue: 0,0:21:07.38,0:21:10.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and, that being effected, would soon see
Dialogue: 0,0:21:10.13,0:21:13.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"the present condition \Nof the two races reversed.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:13.42,0:21:17.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"They and their Northern allies\Nwould be the masters and we the slaves".
Dialogue: 0,0:21:19.78,0:21:21.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— John C. Calhoun.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:22.14,0:21:24.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,More and more Southerners worried
Dialogue: 0,0:21:24.89,0:21:28.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the growing political as well \Nas economic power of the North.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:28.70,0:21:31.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Northerners were increasingly \Nhostile to slavery.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:33.64,0:21:37.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Still most Southerners refused \Nto acknowledge even the possibility
Dialogue: 0,0:21:37.83,0:21:39.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of changing their way of life.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:42.23,0:21:45.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"On the North Bank of the Ohio \Neverything is activity, industry.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:46.16,0:21:48.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Labor is honored. There are no slaves.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:49.44,0:21:52.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Pass to the South Bank \Nand the scene changes so suddenly
Dialogue: 0,0:21:52.63,0:21:55.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"that you think yourself \Non the other side of the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:55.51,0:21:57.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The enterprising spirit is gone."
Dialogue: 0,0:21:58.64,0:22:00.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— Alexis de Tocqueville.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:02.16,0:22:06.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We are separated because \Nof incompatibility of temper.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:06.32,0:22:09.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We are divorced North from South
Dialogue: 0,0:22:09.43,0:22:12.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"because we hated each other so."
Dialogue: 0,0:22:12.61,0:22:14.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— Mary Chesnut.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:17.70,0:22:21.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the clear moonlit night \Nof November 7th, 1837,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:21.70,0:22:25.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a mob surrounded a warehouse \Nat Alton, Illinois,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:25.10,0:22:28.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,intent on destroying \Nan antislavery newspaper,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:28.40,0:22:31.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,run by the Reverend Elijah P. Lovejoy.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:31.76,0:22:35.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When one of the mob moved \Nto set the building on fire,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:35.10,0:22:37.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lovejoy armed with a pistol \Ncame out to stop him.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:38.42,0:22:39.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Gunfire)
Dialogue: 0,0:22:39.64,0:22:41.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The slavery men shot him dead
Dialogue: 0,0:22:42.06,0:22:44.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and dumped his printing press \Ninto the Mississippi.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:47.93,0:22:49.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The news stunned the nation.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:49.74,0:22:52.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A white man had been killed \Nover black slavery.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:53.29,0:22:55.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Protest meetings were held\Nthroughout the North.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:57.27,0:22:59.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One abolitionist wrote that,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:59.36,0:23:01.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Thousands of our citizens\Nwho lately believed
Dialogue: 0,0:23:01.65,0:23:04.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"that they had nothing to do with slavery,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:04.37,0:23:06.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"now begin to discover their error".
Dialogue: 0,0:23:08.81,0:23:12.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Hudson, Ohio, a clergyman\Ntold a church gathering,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:12.68,0:23:17.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The question now before us is no longer \N'can slaves be made free?'
Dialogue: 0,0:23:17.24,0:23:21.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"but 'are we free \Nor are we slaves under mob law?'"
Dialogue: 0,0:23:23.12,0:23:26.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the back of the church\Na strange gaunt man
Dialogue: 0,0:23:26.40,0:23:29.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rose to his feet \Nand raised his right hand.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:30.58,0:23:34.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Here, before God, \Nin the presence of these witnesses,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:34.20,0:23:37.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I consecrate my life \Nto the destruction of slavery".
Dialogue: 0,0:23:39.23,0:23:40.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— John Brown.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:45.63,0:23:49.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[A House Divided]
Dialogue: 0,0:23:53.27,0:23:56.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1846 a lawyer \Nfrom Springfield, Illinois,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:56.55,0:23:58.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was elected to Congress.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:59.27,0:24:02.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was born in Kentucky, \Nthe son of a farmer,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:02.30,0:24:04.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who could barely sign his name.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:04.55,0:24:08.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He became a legislator at 24,\Na prosperous attorney
Dialogue: 0,0:24:08.57,0:24:12.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, after a turbulent courtship, \Nthe husband of Miss Mary Todd,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:13.17,0:24:16.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the daughter of a slave-holding \NKentucky banker.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:17.98,0:24:21.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For Abraham Lincoln, \Nthe Declaration of Independence
Dialogue: 0,0:24:21.15,0:24:22.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was to be taken literally.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:23.26,0:24:27.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All men had the right to rise \Nas far as talent would take them,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:27.05,0:24:28.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just as he had.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:29.66,0:24:31.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He detested slavery,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:31.88,0:24:36.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but he called for its restriction, \Nnot immediate abolition.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:38.74,0:24:41.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By mid-century the country \Nwas deeply divided.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:41.77,0:24:44.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Southerners feared the North\Nmight forbid slavery.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:45.25,0:24:48.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Northerners feared \Nslavery might move west.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:49.44,0:24:52.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As each new state was added to the Union,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:52.56,0:24:56.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it threatened to upset \Nthe delicate equilibrium of power.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:00.36,0:25:03.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"There are grave doubts\Nat the hugeness of the land
Dialogue: 0,0:25:04.50,0:25:08.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and whether one government \Ncan comprehend the whole.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:09.77,0:25:11.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— Henry Adams.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:15.16,0:25:17.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now events accelerated.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:17.96,0:25:22.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1852, Harriet Beecher Stowe \Npublished "Uncle Tom's Cabin".
Dialogue: 0,0:25:23.19,0:25:27.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Its portrayal of slavery's cruelty \Nmoved readers as nothing else had.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:28.17,0:25:30.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Queen Victoria wept over.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:30.30,0:25:34.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Within a year more than 1.5 million copies\Nwere in print worldwide.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:36.69,0:25:41.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1854, Congress allowed settlers\Nin the Kansas and Nebraska territories
Dialogue: 0,0:25:41.83,0:25:44.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to decide for themselves \Nwhether or not to permit slavery.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:45.66,0:25:47.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kansas exploded.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:48.78,0:25:52.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Five thousand pro-slavery men \Ninvaded the territory.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:52.53,0:25:56.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the next three months \N200 men died in bleeding Kansas.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:56.53,0:25:59.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The killing would not stop for 10 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:00.99,0:26:05.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1857, the Supreme Court \Nrefused to free a slave, Dred Scott,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:05.89,0:26:09.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though he had lived \Nfor many years on free soil.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:10.31,0:26:12.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chief justice Roger B. Taney said
Dialogue: 0,0:26:12.99,0:26:17.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a black man had no rights \Na white man was bound to respect.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:19.24,0:26:23.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"As a nation we began by declaring\Nthat 'all men are created equal'.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:24.45,0:26:29.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We now practically read it \N'all men are created equal, except negroes'.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:30.54,0:26:32.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Soon it will read
Dialogue: 0,0:26:32.34,0:26:36.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,," 'all men are created equal, except negroes\Nand foreigners and Catholics'.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:37.36,0:26:40.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"When it comes to this, I should prefer\Nemigrating to some country
Dialogue: 0,0:26:40.68,0:26:43.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"where they make no pretense\Nof loving liberty.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:43.81,0:26:45.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"to Russia, for instance,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:45.62,0:26:48.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"where despotism can be taken pure
Dialogue: 0,0:26:48.27,0:26:51.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and without the base alloy of hypocrisy".
Dialogue: 0,0:26:52.33,0:26:53.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— Abraham Lincoln.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:57.95,0:27:00.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Violence reached the floor \Nthe United States Senate
Dialogue: 0,0:27:00.98,0:27:04.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where congressman Preston Brooks\Nof South Carolina
Dialogue: 0,0:27:04.34,0:27:08.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,savagely beat abolitionist \NSenator Charles Sumner with his cane.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:09.45,0:27:12.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Southern sympathizers \Nsent Brooks new canes.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:13.60,0:27:17.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Members began carrying knives and pistols\Ninto the Chamber.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:18.50,0:27:23.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Meanwhile, the nation's chief executive, \NJames Buchanan, did nothing.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:26.86,0:27:29.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"A House divided against itself \Ncannot stand.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:31.13,0:27:33.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I believe this government cannot endure,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:33.84,0:27:36.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"permanently half slave and half free.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:37.72,0:27:40.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I do not expect the Union to be dissolved,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:41.11,0:27:43.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I do not expect the House to fall,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:44.44,0:27:46.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"but I do expect\Nit will cease to be divided.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:47.76,0:27:49.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"It will become all one thing
Dialogue: 0,0:27:50.31,0:27:52.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"or all the other.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:52.45,0:27:53.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— A. Lincoln.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:55.38,0:27:57.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[The Meteor]
Dialogue: 0,0:28:01.92,0:28:05.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On Sunday evening, October 16, 1859,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:05.96,0:28:09.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the radical abolitionist John Brown
Dialogue: 0,0:28:09.01,0:28:13.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,led 5 blacks and 13 whites \Ninto Harper's Ferry, Virginia.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:14.12,0:28:16.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He brought along a wagon loaded of guns
Dialogue: 0,0:28:16.46,0:28:19.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to arm the slaves \Nhe was sure would rally to him.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:19.86,0:28:22.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once they had, he planned \Nto lead them southward
Dialogue: 0,0:28:22.91,0:28:25.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,along the crest of the Appalachians
Dialogue: 0,0:28:25.11,0:28:26.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and destroy slavery.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:28.27,0:28:32.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Brown was an inept businessman \Nwho had failed 20 times in six states
Dialogue: 0,0:28:32.78,0:28:34.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and defaulted on his debts.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:34.79,0:28:38.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yet he believed himself \NGod's agent on Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:40.35,0:28:43.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1856, at Pottawatomie Creek, in Kansas,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:44.07,0:28:49.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he and his sons had hacked five proslavery\Nmen to death with broadswords.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:50.22,0:28:54.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All in the name of defeating Satan\Nand his legions.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:56.92,0:29:01.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Brown and his men quietly seized\Nthe armory, arsenal and engine house
Dialogue: 0,0:29:01.13,0:29:05.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and took up hostages, including \NGeorge Washington's great-grandnephew.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:06.28,0:29:08.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After that, nothing went right.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:09.42,0:29:13.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first person killed was \Nthe town baggage master, a free black.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:14.12,0:29:16.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The slaves did not rise up.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:16.21,0:29:17.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Angry town's people did.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:19.47,0:29:23.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first of Brown's followers to fall \Nwas Dangerfield Newby,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:23.52,0:29:24.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a former slave.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:25.43,0:29:28.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Someone in the crowd \Ncut off his ears as souvenirs.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:32.55,0:29:35.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On Tuesday morning, Federal troops\Narrive from Washington
Dialogue: 0,0:29:35.61,0:29:38.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,led by a U.S. army colonel, Robert E. Lee.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:40.22,0:29:42.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lee's men stormed the engine house
Dialogue: 0,0:29:42.44,0:29:45.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and nine more of Brown's men were killed,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:45.10,0:29:46.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including two of his sons.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:47.21,0:29:50.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Brown, severely wounded, \Nwas turned over to Virginia
Dialogue: 0,0:29:50.62,0:29:52.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be tried for treason.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:56.22,0:29:58.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"In firing his gun
Dialogue: 0,0:29:58.41,0:30:01.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"John Brown has merely told\Nwhat time of day it is.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:02.06,0:30:05.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"It is high noon, thank God!"
Dialogue: 0,0:30:06.19,0:30:07.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— William Lloyd Garrison.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:09.68,0:30:13.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"An undivided South says, \N'Let him hang'."
Dialogue: 0,0:30:13.47,0:30:15.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— Albany Georgia patriot.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:16.63,0:30:19.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Virginia found Brown guilty \Nand sentenced him to death.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:21.96,0:30:24.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Among the troops \Nat the scene of his hanging
Dialogue: 0,0:30:24.19,0:30:27.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were cadets from \Nthe Virginia military Institute,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:27.12,0:30:30.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,led by an eccentric professor,\NThomas J. Jackson.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:32.50,0:30:36.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also there was a private \Nin the Richmond Grays,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:36.34,0:30:38.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a young actor named John Wilkes Booth.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:41.82,0:30:44.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,December 2nd, 1859.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:45.77,0:30:49.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Old John Brown has been executed \Nfor treason against the state.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:50.73,0:30:55.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We cannot object even though he agreed\Nwith us in thinking slavery wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:56.37,0:31:00.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"That cannot excuse violence, \Nbloodshed and treason.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:00.66,0:31:04.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"It could avail him nothing \Nthat he might think himself right."
Dialogue: 0,0:31:05.22,0:31:06.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— Abraham Lincoln.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:08.94,0:31:12.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ralph Waldo Emerson \Nlikened Brown to Christ.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:13.35,0:31:17.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nathaniel Hawthorne declared, \N"No man ever more justly hanged".
Dialogue: 0,0:31:18.91,0:31:22.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Herman Melville called him \N"the meteor of the war".
Dialogue: 0,0:31:26.52,0:31:29.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Brown had said nothing from the gallows,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:29.29,0:31:31.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but he did hand one of his guards a note.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:33.64,0:31:37.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I, John Brown, am now quite certain
Dialogue: 0,0:31:37.43,0:31:42.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"that the crimes of this guilty land \Nwill never be purged away but with blood".
Dialogue: 0,0:31:47.46,0:31:51.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"His zeal in the cause of freedom\Nwas infinitely superior to mine.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:52.35,0:31:54.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Mine was as the taper light.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:55.11,0:31:57.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"His was as the burning sun.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:58.49,0:32:00.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I could live for the slave.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:01.31,0:32:04.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,John Brown could die for him".
Dialogue: 0,0:32:11.25,0:32:16.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,John Brown... John Brown... \Nvery important person in History.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:16.87,0:32:19.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Important, though, for only one episode.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:19.42,0:32:21.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Failure of everything in life,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:21.51,0:32:25.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,except he becomes\Nthe single most important factor,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:25.99,0:32:28.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in my opinion, in bringing on the war.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:28.81,0:32:31.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The militia system in the South
Dialogue: 0,0:32:31.12,0:32:33.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which had been a joke \Nbefore this, before them,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:33.23,0:32:34.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,becomes a viable instrument
Dialogue: 0,0:32:34.91,0:32:38.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the Southern militias \Nbegin to take a true form
Dialogue: 0,0:32:39.25,0:32:42.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the South begins to worry \Nabout Northerners
Dialogue: 0,0:32:42.60,0:32:46.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,agitating the blacks \Nto murder them in their beds.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:48.78,0:32:51.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was the beginning \Nof the Confederate army.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:55.16,0:32:58.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Secessionists]
Dialogue: 0,0:33:06.30,0:33:08.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The feeling among the Southern members
Dialogue: 0,0:33:08.49,0:33:11.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"for dissolution of the Union \Nis becoming more general.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:11.79,0:33:14.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Men are now beginning \Nto talk of it seriously
Dialogue: 0,0:33:14.37,0:33:17.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"who twelve months ago hardly \Npermitted themselves to think of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:18.59,0:33:20.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The crisis is not far ahead.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:21.11,0:33:22.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— Alexander Stephens.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:23.80,0:33:26.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The country was coming apart.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:26.64,0:33:31.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the presidential election of 1860, \NBuchanan happily stepped aside
Dialogue: 0,0:33:31.39,0:33:34.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but not before his ruling Democratic Party
Dialogue: 0,0:33:34.36,0:33:37.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was fatally split \Nover the issue of slavery.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:40.100,0:33:44.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Republicans, a new party, \Nsaw their chance
Dialogue: 0,0:33:44.13,0:33:46.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and nominated Abraham Lincoln, a moderate.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:47.23,0:33:51.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His platform pledged only \Nto halt slavery's further spread.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:53.43,0:33:57.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"On that point, hold firm\Nas with a chain of steel.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:58.92,0:34:02.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Those who denied freedom to others \Ndeserve it not for themselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:03.43,0:34:06.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and under a just, \NGod cannot long retain it".
Dialogue: 0,0:34:11.98,0:34:14.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Radical abolitionists \Nin the North complained
Dialogue: 0,0:34:14.66,0:34:17.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that Lincoln's opposition to slavery\Ndid not go far enough.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:18.38,0:34:20.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But to most people in the South
Dialogue: 0,0:34:20.36,0:34:23.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the prospect of Lincoln's election\Nposed a lethal threat.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:26.22,0:34:29.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The 1860 campaign had become a referendum
Dialogue: 0,0:34:29.40,0:34:31.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the southern way of life.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:35.42,0:34:38.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On November 6th, 1860, Abraham Lincoln
Dialogue: 0,0:34:38.85,0:34:41.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,won the presidency \Nwith only 40% of the votes.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:43.56,0:34:47.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He did not even appear on the ballot \Nin 10 Southern states.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:49.78,0:34:52.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The election of Mr. Lincoln \Nis undoubtedly the greatest evil
Dialogue: 0,0:34:52.83,0:34:55.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"that has ever befallen this country
Dialogue: 0,0:34:56.16,0:34:58.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"but the mischief is done,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:58.26,0:35:00.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and the only relief \Nfor the American people
Dialogue: 0,0:35:00.100,0:35:06.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"is to shorten sail, send down the top masts,\Nand prepare for a hurricane".
Dialogue: 0,0:35:07.06,0:35:08.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— Richmond Whig.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:09.76,0:35:12.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the South, Lincoln was burned in effigy.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:12.94,0:35:16.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now the South Carolina legislature\Ncalled for a convention
Dialogue: 0,0:35:16.60,0:35:19.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to consider seceding from the Union.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:22.63,0:35:25.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Southerners would have told you\Nthey were fighting for self-government.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:25.99,0:35:31.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They believed the gathering of power \Nin Washington was against them.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:31.82,0:35:34.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When they entered into that Federation,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:35.04,0:35:37.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they certainly would never \Nhave entered into it,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:37.39,0:35:40.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if they hadn't believe \Nit would be possible to get out.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:40.06,0:35:42.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when the time came \Nthat they wanted to get out,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:42.85,0:35:44.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they thought they had every right.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:46.82,0:35:51.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Southerners saw \Nthe election of Lincoln as a sign
Dialogue: 0,0:35:51.18,0:35:54.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the Union was about to be radicalized
Dialogue: 0,0:35:54.51,0:35:58.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that they were about to be taken \Nin directions they did not care to go.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:59.72,0:36:06.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They figured they were about to lose\Nwhat they call their property
Dialogue: 0,0:36:06.76,0:36:08.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and face ruin.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:12.49,0:36:15.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yet many Southerners thought \Nsecession was madness.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:17.23,0:36:20.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"South Carolina", \None Southern politician wrote,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:20.27,0:36:22.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Is too small for a republic
Dialogue: 0,0:36:22.61,0:36:25.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and too large for an insane asylum".
Dialogue: 0,0:36:28.92,0:36:31.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"November 18th, 1860.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:31.82,0:36:34.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"A most gloomy day in Wall Street.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:34.30,0:36:35.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Everything at a deadlock.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:35.87,0:36:37.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"First class paper not negotiable.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:37.92,0:36:39.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Stocks falling".
Dialogue: 0,0:36:39.91,0:36:42.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— George Templeton Strong.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:42.61,0:36:45.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In New York emotions \Nwere no less explosive.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:45.80,0:36:48.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And George Templeton Strong, \Na conservative lawyer,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:48.59,0:36:50.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who distrusted Lincoln,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:50.16,0:36:52.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,began to keep track of events in his diary.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:53.51,0:36:56.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The bird of our country \Nis a debilitated chicken
Dialogue: 0,0:36:56.69,0:36:58.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"disguised in eagle feathers.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:58.62,0:37:00.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We have never been a nation.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:00.47,0:37:02.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We are only an aggregate of communities
Dialogue: 0,0:37:02.62,0:37:05.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"ready to fall apart \Nat the first serious shock".
Dialogue: 0,0:37:09.12,0:37:11.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When Abraham Lincoln was elected President,
Dialogue: 0,0:37:11.38,0:37:13.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there were 33 states in the Union
Dialogue: 0,0:37:13.77,0:37:16.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a 34th, free Kansas, \Nwas about to join.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:17.68,0:37:20.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By the time of his inauguration, \Nfive months later,
Dialogue: 0,0:37:20.82,0:37:23.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just 27 states would remain.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:24.19,0:37:28.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The suddenness of secession\Ntook everyone by surprise.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:33.76,0:37:37.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,South Carolina led the way \Non December, 20th.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:37.39,0:37:41.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A bell in Charleston tolled\Nthe succession of departing states.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:42.23,0:37:44.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mississippi, on January, 9th.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:47.34,0:37:49.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Florida, on the 10th.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:50.73,0:37:54.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:59.34,0:38:02.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Texas, Governor Sam Houston\Nwas deposed,
Dialogue: 0,0:38:02.27,0:38:05.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when he tried to stop his state \Nfrom joining the Confederacy.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:06.55,0:38:08.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Let me tell you what is coming.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:09.17,0:38:11.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"After the sacrifice \Nof countless millions of treasure
Dialogue: 0,0:38:11.90,0:38:14.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and hundreds of thousands of lives
Dialogue: 0,0:38:14.40,0:38:16.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"you may win Southern independence
Dialogue: 0,0:38:17.03,0:38:18.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"but I doubt it.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:18.94,0:38:21.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The North is determined \Nto preserve this Union.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:22.14,0:38:24.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"They are not a fiery, \Nimpulsive people as you are
Dialogue: 0,0:38:24.89,0:38:26.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"for they live in colder climates.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:26.97,0:38:29.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"But when they begin to move \Nin a given direction,
Dialogue: 0,0:38:29.42,0:38:33.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"they move with the steady momentum \Nand perseverance of a mighty avalanche".
Dialogue: 0,0:38:35.89,0:38:37.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Texas left anyway.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:39.19,0:38:41.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even Virginia, the most popular\NSouthern state,
Dialogue: 0,0:38:42.08,0:38:45.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,birthplace of seven Presidents,\Nseem sure to follow.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:47.18,0:38:50.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"All the indications are that \Nthis treasonable inflammation,
Dialogue: 0,0:38:50.93,0:38:55.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"secessionists, keeps on making\Nsteady progress, week by week.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:56.51,0:38:59.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"If disunion becomes an established fact,
Dialogue: 0,0:38:59.96,0:39:01.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"we have one consolation.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:02.63,0:39:07.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The self-amputated members were diseased\Nbeyond immediate cure
Dialogue: 0,0:39:07.70,0:39:10.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and their virus \Nwill infect our system no longer.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:11.66,0:39:13.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— George Templeton Strong.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:15.48,0:39:17.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Charleston Mercury:
Dialogue: 0,0:39:17.45,0:39:19.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The tea has been thrown overboard.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:19.57,0:39:22.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The revolution of 1860 has been initiated".
Dialogue: 0,0:39:27.47,0:39:30.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After South Carolina seceded, \Nthe handful of federal troops,
Dialogue: 0,0:39:30.87,0:39:34.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,still stationed in Charleston,\Nwithdrew to Fort Sumter,
Dialogue: 0,0:39:34.19,0:39:35.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,far out in the harbor.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:36.27,0:39:39.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their commander, Major Robert Anderson,
Dialogue: 0,0:39:39.17,0:39:43.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,said he has moved his men in order \Nto prevent the effusion of blood.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:43.79,0:39:46.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were quickly surrounded \Nby rebel batteries.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:51.19,0:39:53.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Gen. Jefferson Davis,\NPresident of the Southern Republic]
Dialogue: 0,0:39:53.93,0:39:55.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[On his way to Montgomery]
Dialogue: 0,0:39:55.60,0:39:57.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Thank God, we have a country at last
Dialogue: 0,0:39:57.61,0:40:01.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"to live for, to pray for\Nand, if need be, to die for".
Dialogue: 0,0:40:01.96,0:40:03.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— Lucius Quintus Lamar.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:05.50,0:40:08.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On February, 18th, \Na few minutes after noon,
Dialogue: 0,0:40:08.53,0:40:12.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jefferson Davis stood on the steps\Nof the Alabama Statehouse at Montgomery.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:13.14,0:40:15.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He took the oath of office as President
Dialogue: 0,0:40:15.48,0:40:18.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the provisional \NConfederate States of America.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:20.13,0:40:26.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The crowds cheered, wept, sang farewell\Nto the star-spangled banner and Dixie,
Dialogue: 0,0:40:26.34,0:40:29.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a minstrel tune written by a Northerner.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:31.40,0:40:35.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was brittle, nervous, \Noften unable to sleep,
Dialogue: 0,0:40:35.10,0:40:36.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and partly blind in one eye.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:37.45,0:40:40.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Accustomed to being obeyed,\Nhe scorned the bargaining
Dialogue: 0,0:40:40.68,0:40:43.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that made Democratic government work.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:43.57,0:40:48.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sam Houston said he was cold as a lizard \Nand ambitious as Lucifer.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:51.16,0:40:53.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like Lincoln he was a Kentuckian,
Dialogue: 0,0:40:53.52,0:40:55.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the son of an itinerant farmer,
Dialogue: 0,0:40:55.38,0:40:57.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but he had been educated at West Point,
Dialogue: 0,0:40:57.88,0:41:01.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fought in Mexico \Nand served as Secretary of War.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:02.37,0:41:06.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As Senator from Mississippi, he resisted\Nsecession as long as he could.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:07.19,0:41:09.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when his state \Nwithdrew from the Union,
Dialogue: 0,0:41:09.16,0:41:13.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he headed home to his plantation,\NBrierfield, South of Vicksburg.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:14.86,0:41:17.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He and his wife Varina, were there,
Dialogue: 0,0:41:17.26,0:41:19.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,clipping roses in the garden,
Dialogue: 0,0:41:19.34,0:41:22.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when word came that \Nhe had been elected President.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:23.94,0:41:27.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Reading that telegram\Nhe looked so grieved
Dialogue: 0,0:41:27.06,0:41:31.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"that I feared some evil \Nhad fallen in our family.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:31.37,0:41:33.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"After a few minutes he told me
Dialogue: 0,0:41:34.22,0:41:37.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"as a man might speak \Nof a sentence of death".
Dialogue: 0,0:41:39.33,0:41:43.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Upon my head were showered \Nsmiles, plaudits and flowers
Dialogue: 0,0:41:44.64,0:41:48.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"but beyond them, \NI saw troubles innumerable".
Dialogue: 0,0:41:48.65,0:41:50.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— Jefferson Davis.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:51.95,0:41:56.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Confederate Constitution was almost\Nidentical to the U.S. Constitution.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:56.74,0:42:01.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it gave the President a line-item veto,\Na six-year term
Dialogue: 0,0:42:01.83,0:42:04.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it outlawed international \Nslave trading.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:11.98,0:42:15.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Confederate cabinet met \Nfor the first time in a hotel room.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:15.46,0:42:18.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A sheet of stationery pinned to the door,\Nmarked the President's office.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:20.13,0:42:22.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Where will I find the State Department?"
Dialogue: 0,0:42:22.21,0:42:24.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a visitor asked Robert Toombs, \NSecretary of State.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:25.52,0:42:29.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"In my hat, sir, and the archives\Nin my coat pocket".
Dialogue: 0,0:42:32.70,0:42:35.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Our new government is founded\Nupon the great truth
Dialogue: 0,0:42:36.02,0:42:39.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"that the negro is not equal \Nto the white man".
Dialogue: 0,0:42:39.71,0:42:42.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— Vice President Alexander Stephens.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:43.98,0:42:48.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"God forgive us! \NBut ours is a monstrous system.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:49.10,0:42:52.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Like the patriarchs of old, \Nour men live all in one house
Dialogue: 0,0:42:52.73,0:42:55.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"with their wives and their concubines
Dialogue: 0,0:42:55.39,0:42:58.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and the mulattoes one sees in every family
Dialogue: 0,0:42:58.38,0:43:01.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"exactly resemble the white children.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:01.27,0:43:07.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"All the time they seem to think themselves \Npatterns, models of husbands and fathers".
Dialogue: 0,0:43:08.77,0:43:10.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— Mary Chestnut.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:12.89,0:43:15.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mary Chestnut and her husband James,
Dialogue: 0,0:43:15.28,0:43:18.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a former United States Senator \Nfrom South Carolina,
Dialogue: 0,0:43:18.41,0:43:21.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,moved among the highest circles \Nof the Confederacy
Dialogue: 0,0:43:21.56,0:43:24.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and were close \Nto Jefferson Davis and his wife.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:25.52,0:43:28.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mary was subject \Nto depressions and nightmares
Dialogue: 0,0:43:28.53,0:43:31.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for which she sometimes took opium.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:32.69,0:43:35.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now she, too, began to keep a diary.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:36.54,0:43:40.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"This journal is intended \Nto be entirely objective.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:40.75,0:43:43.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"My subjective days are over".
Dialogue: 0,0:43:50.76,0:43:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The impression produced \Nby the size of his extremities
Dialogue: 0,0:43:54.00,0:43:57.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and by his flapping \Nand wide-projecting ears,
Dialogue: 0,0:43:57.01,0:44:00.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"may be removed by the appearance\Nof kindliness, sagacity.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:01.03,0:44:03.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The nose itself, a prominent organ,
Dialogue: 0,0:44:03.79,0:44:07.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"stands out from the face, \Nwith an inquiring, anxious air,
Dialogue: 0,0:44:07.04,0:44:09.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"as though it were sniffing\Nfor some good thing in the wind.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:10.09,0:44:13.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The eyes dark, full, and deeply set,
Dialogue: 0,0:44:13.63,0:44:16.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"are penetrating, but full of an expression
Dialogue: 0,0:44:16.84,0:44:20.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"which almost amounts to tenderness".
Dialogue: 0,0:44:20.74,0:44:23.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— William Russel, The London Times
Dialogue: 0,0:44:26.57,0:44:29.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two days after Jefferson Davis left home,
Dialogue: 0,0:44:29.49,0:44:33.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Abraham Lincoln set out from Springfield,\NIllinois, for his capital.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:36.03,0:44:38.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Here I have lived a quarter of a century
Dialogue: 0,0:44:39.09,0:44:41.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and passed from a young to an old man.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:42.78,0:44:46.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Here my children have been born\Nand one is buried.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:47.20,0:44:52.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I now leave not knowing \Nwhen or whether ever I may return,
Dialogue: 0,0:44:52.95,0:44:57.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"with the task before me greater \Nthan that which rested upon Washington.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:58.61,0:45:02.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Without the assistance of that divine Being\Nwho ever attended him,
Dialogue: 0,0:45:02.79,0:45:04.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I cannot succeed.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:05.16,0:45:08.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"With that assistance, I cannot fail.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:09.92,0:45:15.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"To His care commending you, as I hope \Nin your prayers you will commend me,
Dialogue: 0,0:45:16.23,0:45:18.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I bid you an affectionate farewell".
Dialogue: 0,0:45:22.15,0:45:24.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,En route to Washington, \Nthe President's train stopped
Dialogue: 0,0:45:24.82,0:45:27.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at Cleveland, Buffalo, \NAlbany and New York.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:28.29,0:45:31.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Philadelphia, warned \Nof plots to kill him,
Dialogue: 0,0:45:31.11,0:45:33.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lincoln declared he would rather \Nbe assassinated
Dialogue: 0,0:45:33.98,0:45:37.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than see a single star removed \Nfrom the American flag.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:38.12,0:45:43.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two days later he reluctantly canceled plans\Nfor a grand arrival in Washington
Dialogue: 0,0:45:43.04,0:45:46.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and slipped into the capital \Nby train at dawn,
Dialogue: 0,0:45:46.34,0:45:49.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wrapped in a shawl and protected \Nby two armed guards.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:55.48,0:45:58.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Inauguration day, in Washington, \Nwas cloudy and cold.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:59.20,0:46:03.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A large, tense crowd gathered \Nbeneath the unfinished dome.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:03.32,0:46:05.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cannon guarded the Capitol grounds.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:05.65,0:46:07.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sharp shooters lined the roof.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:09.66,0:46:12.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lincoln promised \Nnot to interfere with slavery,
Dialogue: 0,0:46:12.20,0:46:15.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but he denied the right \Nof any state to secede,
Dialogue: 0,0:46:15.26,0:46:17.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,vowed to defend Federal installations,
Dialogue: 0,0:46:17.70,0:46:20.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and spoke directly to the South.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:22.92,0:46:27.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"In your hands, my dissatisfied countrymen,\Nand not in mine,
Dialogue: 0,0:46:27.68,0:46:31.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"is the momentous issue of civil war.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:31.99,0:46:34.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The government will not assail you.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:34.71,0:46:38.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"You can have no conflict without being \Nyourselves the aggressors.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:39.91,0:46:42.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We are not enemies but friends.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:43.16,0:46:45.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We must not be enemies".
Dialogue: 0,0:46:46.26,0:46:50.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Though passion may have strained, \Nit must not break our bounds of affection.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:52.14,0:46:56.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The mystic chords of memory \Nstretching from every battlefield
Dialogue: 0,0:46:56.57,0:47:02.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and patriotic grave to every living heart\Nand hearthstone all over this broad land,
Dialogue: 0,0:47:02.62,0:47:05.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"will yet swell the chorus of the Union,
Dialogue: 0,0:47:06.07,0:47:08.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"when again touched,\Nas surely they will be,
Dialogue: 0,0:47:09.79,0:47:12.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"by the better angels of our nature".
Dialogue: 0,0:47:14.95,0:47:16.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Revival of rumors of war]
Dialogue: 0,0:47:16.68,0:47:18.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[An attack on Fort Sumter Expected]
Dialogue: 0,0:47:23.20,0:47:26.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[4:30 a.m. April 12, 1861]
Dialogue: 0,0:47:32.48,0:47:35.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I do not pretend to go to sleep, \Nhow can I?
Dialogue: 0,0:47:36.07,0:47:39.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"If Anderson does not accept terms, \Nat four,
Dialogue: 0,0:47:39.72,0:47:42.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"the orders are he shall be fired upon.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:42.84,0:47:47.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I count... four St. Michael chimes.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:48.72,0:47:50.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I begin to hope.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:51.48,0:47:52.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Cannon fire)
Dialogue: 0,0:47:53.37,0:47:55.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The heavy booming of a cannon.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:55.62,0:47:58.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I sprang out of the bed \Nand on my knees prostrated,
Dialogue: 0,0:47:58.20,0:48:00.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I prayed as I have never prayed before".
Dialogue: 0,0:48:01.65,0:48:02.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Cannon fire)
Dialogue: 0,0:48:03.34,0:48:08.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Civil War began at 4:38 a.m. \Non the 12th of April, 1861.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:09.54,0:48:14.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,General Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard\Nordered his Confederate gunners
Dialogue: 0,0:48:14.01,0:48:16.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to open fire on Fort Sumter,
Dialogue: 0,0:48:16.21,0:48:20.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at that hour, only a dark shape out\Nin Charleston Harbor.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:21.15,0:48:23.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Confederate commander\NBeauregard was a gunner,
Dialogue: 0,0:48:23.86,0:48:26.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so skilled as an artillery student \Nat West Point
Dialogue: 0,0:48:26.92,0:48:30.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that his instructor kept him on \Nas his assistance for another year.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:31.25,0:48:33.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That instructor was Major Robert Anderson,
Dialogue: 0,0:48:33.99,0:48:36.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Union commander inside Fort Sumter.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:46.51,0:48:49.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All the pent-up hatred\Nof the past months and years
Dialogue: 0,0:48:49.31,0:48:52.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is voiced in the thunder of this cannon.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:52.31,0:48:55.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the people seem almost\Nbeside themselves
Dialogue: 0,0:48:55.10,0:48:58.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the exultation of a freedom \Nthey deemed already won.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:01.14,0:49:05.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The signal to fire the first shot \Nwas given by a civilian, Edmund Ruffin,
Dialogue: 0,0:49:05.24,0:49:09.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a Virginia farmer, and editor,\Nwho had preached secession for 20 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:10.76,0:49:14.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Of course", he said, \N"I was delighted to perform the service".
Dialogue: 0,0:49:35.59,0:49:39.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,34 hours later, a white flag over the Fort\Nended the bombardment.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:40.92,0:49:43.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The only casualty had been \Na Confederate horse.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:45.14,0:49:49.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was a bloodless opening \Nto the bloodiest war in American history.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:17.32,0:50:22.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The first gun that was fired in Fort Sumter\Nsounded the dead knell of slavery.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:23.29,0:50:26.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"They who fired it were \Nthe greatest practical abolitionists
Dialogue: 0,0:50:26.94,0:50:28.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this nation has produced.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:31.16,0:50:35.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"April 13, so Civil War \Nis inaugurated at last.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:35.85,0:50:37.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"God defend the right".
Dialogue: 0,0:50:39.18,0:50:41.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Fort Sumter surrender!]
Dialogue: 0,0:50:41.98,0:50:44.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Maj. Anderson, a prisoner of war]
Dialogue: 0,0:50:44.49,0:50:46.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[The white flag displayed on the walls!]
Dialogue: 0,0:50:46.58,0:50:48.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,["Nobody hurt!"]
Dialogue: 0,0:50:49.40,0:50:51.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Major Anderson taken!]
Dialogue: 0,0:50:51.42,0:50:53.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Entrance obtained under a flag of truce]
Dialogue: 0,0:50:53.51,0:50:55.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[New Yorkers implicated!]
Dialogue: 0,0:50:56.64,0:51:00.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,14 April, Montgomery daily advertiser:
Dialogue: 0,0:51:00.79,0:51:03.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The intelligence that Fort Sumter \Nhas surrendered
Dialogue: 0,0:51:03.65,0:51:05.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"to the Confederate forces yesterday
Dialogue: 0,0:51:05.84,0:51:09.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"sent a thrill of joy to the heart\Nof every true friend of the South.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:10.76,0:51:14.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The face of every Southern man \Nwas brighter, his step lighter
Dialogue: 0,0:51:14.53,0:51:17.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and his bearing prouder\Nthan had been before".
Dialogue: 0,0:51:19.51,0:51:23.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Boston, jubilant volunteers \Nmarched past Faneuil Hall,
Dialogue: 0,0:51:23.28,0:51:25.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eager to avenge Fort Sumter.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:26.61,0:51:30.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Baltimore, anti-Lincoln men \Nrampaged through the streets.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:32.74,0:51:35.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Richmond a mob \Nmarched on the Statehouse,
Dialogue: 0,0:51:35.38,0:51:37.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tore down the stars and stripes
Dialogue: 0,0:51:37.48,0:51:39.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and raised the stars and bars.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:39.67,0:51:43.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was no longer any doubt\Nthat Virginia would secede.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:46.89,0:51:50.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In New York a hundred thousand people\Ncrowded Union Square
Dialogue: 0,0:51:50.88,0:51:53.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the Sumter flag now flew.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:56.14,0:52:00.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Walt Whitman, sometime poet \Nand journalist for the Brooklyn Standard
Dialogue: 0,0:52:00.23,0:52:02.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was stunned by the news.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:03.30,0:52:07.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"All the past we leave behind \Nwith the Sumter", he said.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:12.42,0:52:16.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Woe to those who began this war \Nif they were not in bitter earnest."
Dialogue: 0,0:52:17.80,0:52:19.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— Mary Chestnut.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:22.89,0:52:26.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Traitors and Patriots]
Dialogue: 0,0:52:29.38,0:52:33.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Father and I were husking out corn \Nwhen William Corry came across the field.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:33.51,0:52:35.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"He was excited and said,
Dialogue: 0,0:52:35.27,0:52:38.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"'Jonathan, the rebels \Nhave fire upon Fort Sumter'.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:38.93,0:52:41.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Father got white and couldn't say a word".
Dialogue: 0,0:52:42.100,0:52:44.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— Theodore F. Upson.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:45.17,0:52:46.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Lincoln declares war]
Dialogue: 0,0:52:46.74,0:52:49.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,April, 15. Events multiply.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:49.99,0:52:54.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The President is out with a proclamation\Ncalling to 75,000 volunteers.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:55.74,0:52:59.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is said 200,000 more \Nwill be called within a few days.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:02.18,0:53:05.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the day Sumter fell, \Nthe regular army of the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:53:05.97,0:53:08.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,consisted of fewer than 17,000 men,
Dialogue: 0,0:53:08.93,0:53:11.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most of whom were stationed\Nin the Far West.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:12.16,0:53:15.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Only two of his generals had ever \Ncommanded an army in the field
Dialogue: 0,0:53:15.91,0:53:18.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and both were long past their prime.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:19.26,0:53:22.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Winfield Scott, \Nthe hero of the Mexican war,
Dialogue: 0,0:53:22.15,0:53:23.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Old Fuss and Feathers",
Dialogue: 0,0:53:23.82,0:53:26.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was too fat even to mount a horse.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:26.76,0:53:28.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[To arms! To arms!]
Dialogue: 0,0:53:28.50,0:53:30.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[The capital of our country in danger!]
Dialogue: 0,0:53:34.69,0:53:36.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[A few good men wanted]
Dialogue: 0,0:53:36.39,0:53:38.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Young men join this company!]
Dialogue: 0,0:53:42.61,0:53:44.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Sharp shooters for the war]
Dialogue: 0,0:53:46.50,0:53:48.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[The best regiment yet!]
Dialogue: 0,0:53:48.69,0:53:50.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Recruits wanted immediately]
Dialogue: 0,0:53:54.26,0:53:55.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Ho! For the war!]
Dialogue: 0,0:53:55.53,0:53:57.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Soldiers for the U.S. army wanted!]
Dialogue: 0,0:54:00.66,0:54:03.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We were treated as good as a company\Ncould be at every station.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:04.41,0:54:07.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We got kisses from the girls \Nat a good many places
Dialogue: 0,0:54:07.23,0:54:09.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and we returned the same to them".
Dialogue: 0,0:54:09.26,0:54:11.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— Hercules Stanard.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:12.35,0:54:15.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I've got the best suit of clothes\NI ever had in my life".
Dialogue: 0,0:54:17.45,0:54:20.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the North they came \Nby hundreds and by thousands,
Dialogue: 0,0:54:21.37,0:54:23.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from Boston, Massachusetts,
Dialogue: 0,0:54:24.32,0:54:26.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from Detroit and Ann Arbor, Michigan,
Dialogue: 0,0:54:27.69,0:54:30.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Portsmouth, New Hampshire, in the rain.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:32.26,0:54:34.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whole towns signed up.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:34.36,0:54:38.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The 10th Michigan Volunteer Infantry\Nwas made up of Flint boys.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:38.85,0:54:40.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their commander was the Mayor.\N
Dialogue: 0,0:54:40.87,0:54:43.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their regimental doctor, the man \Nwho had been taking care of them
Dialogue: 0,0:54:43.92,0:54:45.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since they were young.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:46.16,0:54:49.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The 6th New York contained so many boweries
Dialogue: 0,0:54:49.82,0:54:53.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was said a man had to have done time\Nin prison just to get into the regiment.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:54.69,0:54:56.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The elite 7th, on the other hand,
Dialogue: 0,0:54:56.91,0:55:00.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,set out for Washington \Nwith sandwiches from Delmonico's,
Dialogue: 0,0:55:00.28,0:55:02.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and 1,000 velvet covered campstools
Dialogue: 0,0:55:02.64,0:55:04.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on which to sit and eat them.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:06.10,0:55:10.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On his way to war, Lieutenant\NGeorge Armstrong Custer, just 22,
Dialogue: 0,0:55:10.66,0:55:12.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and less than a month out of West Point,
Dialogue: 0,0:55:12.80,0:55:15.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where he graduated\Nat the bottom of his class,
Dialogue: 0,0:55:15.11,0:55:17.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stopped in New York \Nto have himself fitted out\N
Dialogue: 0,0:55:17.65,0:55:20.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a splendid new uniform,
Dialogue: 0,0:55:20.20,0:55:22.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then went to a photographer.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:26.88,0:55:31.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Pawtuxet, Rhode Island, 19 year old, \NElisha Hunt Rhodes left his job
Dialogue: 0,0:55:31.35,0:55:33.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a harness maker's clerk
Dialogue: 0,0:55:33.57,0:55:37.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and signed on as a private \Nin the 2nd Rhode Island Volunteers.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:38.76,0:55:42.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He would have joined earlier but his \Nwidowed mother begged him to stay home.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:44.88,0:55:47.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We drilled all day and night.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:47.05,0:55:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Standing before a long mirror,
Dialogue: 0,0:55:49.00,0:55:52.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I put many hours of weary work \Nand soon thought myself quite a soldier.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:53.49,0:55:56.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I was elected first Sergeant, \Nmuch to my surprise.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:56.92,0:56:01.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Just what a first sergeant's duties \Nmight be, I had no idea".
Dialogue: 0,0:56:03.51,0:56:07.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After two weeks of drilling, \Nthe 2nd Rhode Island moved out.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:08.79,0:56:13.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Today, we have orders to pack up \Nand be ready to leave for Washington.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:14.35,0:56:18.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"My knapsack was so heavy that I could \Nscarcely stagger under the load.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:18.57,0:56:23.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"At the wharf an immense crowd had gathered\Nand we went on board our steamer
Dialogue: 0,0:56:23.22,0:56:25.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"with mingled feelings of joy and sorrow.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:28.95,0:56:31.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"In Baton Rouge William Tecumseh Sherman
Dialogue: 0,0:56:31.62,0:56:34.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"resigned as superintendent\Nof the Louisiana Military Academy
Dialogue: 0,0:56:34.94,0:56:36.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and headed North".
Dialogue: 0,0:56:37.35,0:56:41.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"You politicians", he told his brother\NSenator John Sherman of Ohio,
Dialogue: 0,0:56:41.52,0:56:43.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"have got things in a hell of a fix
Dialogue: 0,0:56:43.75,0:56:46.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and you may get them out \Nas best as you can.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:46.26,0:56:48.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I will have no more to do with it".
Dialogue: 0,0:56:49.78,0:56:53.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when Sumter fell, \Nhe put his uniform back on
Dialogue: 0,0:56:53.43,0:56:55.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and reluctantly he went to war.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:55.77,0:56:58.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"You might as well attempt \Nto put out the flames
Dialogue: 0,0:56:58.10,0:57:00.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"of a burning house with a squirt gun".
Dialogue: 0,0:57:00.16,0:57:03.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I think this is to be \Na long war, very long,
Dialogue: 0,0:57:03.56,0:57:06.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"much longer than any politician thinks.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:09.31,0:57:11.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"There were but two parties now,
Dialogue: 0,0:57:11.56,0:57:13.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Traitors and Patriots.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:13.86,0:57:16.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"And I want hereafter\Nto be ranked with the latter".
Dialogue: 0,0:57:18.04,0:57:19.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— Ulysses S. Grant.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:21.45,0:57:24.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Galena, Illinois,\N39 year old, Ulysses S. Grant
Dialogue: 0,0:57:24.58,0:57:27.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was working\Nin his father's harness shop.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:27.12,0:57:31.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Having failed as a peace time soldier \Nand considered by some a drunk,
Dialogue: 0,0:57:33.90,0:57:36.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now he signed on as mustering officer
Dialogue: 0,0:57:36.43,0:57:38.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,handling the flood of volunteers
Dialogue: 0,0:57:39.09,0:57:41.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at 4.20 dollars a day.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:59.23,0:58:01.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,New Orleans, 1861.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:01.31,0:58:04.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I feel if I would like to shoot a Yankee
Dialogue: 0,0:58:04.12,0:58:08.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and yet I know that this would not be \Nin harmony with the spirit of Christianity".
Dialogue: 0,0:58:08.76,0:58:10.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— William Nugent.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:12.14,0:58:14.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"So impatient did I become for starting
Dialogue: 0,0:58:14.34,0:58:18.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"that I felt like a thousand pins \Nwere pricking me in every part of my body
Dialogue: 0,0:58:18.34,0:58:21.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and I started off \Na week in advance of my brothers."
Dialogue: 0,0:58:24.41,0:58:27.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I found Mobile boiling over \Nwith enthusiasm.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:27.98,0:58:29.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The young merchants \Nhad dropped their ledgers
Dialogue: 0,0:58:29.100,0:58:32.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and were forming and drilling \Ncompanies by night and day.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:34.70,0:58:37.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Everyday regiments marched by.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:37.57,0:58:40.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Charleston is crowded with soldiers.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:40.24,0:58:42.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"These new ones are running in fairly.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:42.73,0:58:46.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"They fear the war will be over \Nbefore they get sight of the fun.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:46.82,0:58:49.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Every man from every \Nlittle county precinct
Dialogue: 0,0:58:49.60,0:58:51.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"wants a place in the picture".
Dialogue: 0,0:58:54.25,0:58:57.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Confederate government, \Nits capital now in Richmond,
Dialogue: 0,0:58:57.64,0:59:00.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called for 100,000 volunteers.
Dialogue: 0,0:59:01.44,0:59:05.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So many Southerners volunteered\Nthat a third of them had to be sent home.
Dialogue: 0,0:59:07.80,0:59:11.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They came from Catahoula, \Nand Baton Rouge, Louisiana,
Dialogue: 0,0:59:12.92,0:59:16.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Greenville, Mississippi, \NMooresvile, Alabama,
Dialogue: 0,0:59:16.53,0:59:18.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Chattanooga, Tennessee.
Dialogue: 0,0:59:22.46,0:59:24.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tennessee joined the Confederacy.
Dialogue: 0,0:59:24.94,0:59:27.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So did Arkansas and North Carolina.
Dialogue: 0,0:59:29.55,0:59:33.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Memphis, Nathan Bedford Forrest,\Na blacksmith's son
Dialogue: 0,0:59:33.23,0:59:36.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who had made himself a millionaire\Nselling land, cotton and slaves,
Dialogue: 0,0:59:36.93,0:59:41.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,put up posters calling on anyone\Nwho wanted to kill Yankees
Dialogue: 0,0:59:41.34,0:59:43.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to come and ride with him.
Dialogue: 0,0:59:44.52,0:59:49.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Clinch Rifles from Augusta, Georgia \Nstarted out in May, 1861.
Dialogue: 0,0:59:50.69,0:59:53.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Only the drummer boy would survive.
Dialogue: 0,0:59:56.99,1:00:00.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The odds against \Na Southern victory were long.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:00.82,1:00:03.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were nearly 21 million \Npeople in the North,
Dialogue: 0,1:00:04.24,1:00:06.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just 9 million in the Confederacy,
Dialogue: 0,1:00:06.99,1:00:09.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and 4 million of them were slaves,
Dialogue: 0,1:00:09.37,1:00:11.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whom their masters did not dare arm.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:15.42,1:00:19.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The value of all the manufactured goods\Nproduced in all the Confederate states
Dialogue: 0,1:00:20.13,1:00:24.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,added up to less than one fourth \Nof those produced in New York state alone.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:26.50,1:00:30.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But none of this matter to the men \Nwho joined the Tallapoosa Thrashers
Dialogue: 0,1:00:30.83,1:00:34.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Chickasaw Desperados \Nand Cherokee Lincoln Killers.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:42.23,1:00:46.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The histories of the lost cause \Nare all written out by big bugs,
Dialogue: 0,1:00:46.27,1:00:48.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"generals and renowned historians.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:48.96,1:00:52.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Well, I have as much right as any man\Nto write a history".\N
Dialogue: 0,1:00:52.84,1:00:54.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— Sam Watkins.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:55.00,1:00:57.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the first to answer \Nthe Southern call
Dialogue: 0,1:00:57.14,1:01:01.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was 21-year-old Sam Watkins\Nof Columbia, Tennessee.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:01.32,1:01:04.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He joined Company "H" \Nof the 1st Tennessee at Nashville.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:05.41,1:01:08.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like most rebel soldiers, \Nhe owned no slaves,
Dialogue: 0,1:01:09.84,1:01:13.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The bugle sound...\Nand place everything aboard the cars.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:14.41,1:01:17.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We went bowling along\Nat 30 miles an hour,
Dialogue: 0,1:01:17.23,1:01:19.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"as fast as steam can carry us.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:20.70,1:01:22.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"At every town and station,
Dialogue: 0,1:01:22.53,1:01:24.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"citizens and ladies\Nwere waving their handkerchiefs
Dialogue: 0,1:01:24.99,1:01:28.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and hurrahing for Jeff Davis\Nand the Southern Confederacy".
Dialogue: 0,1:01:30.51,1:01:33.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"It's worth soldiering \Nto receive such a welcome as this".
Dialogue: 0,1:01:37.95,1:01:41.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"If the President of the United States \Nwould tell me
Dialogue: 0,1:01:41.16,1:01:45.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"that a great battle was to be fought\Nfor the liberty or slavery of the country
Dialogue: 0,1:01:45.26,1:01:48.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and asked my judgement \Nas to the ability of a commander,
Dialogue: 0,1:01:48.83,1:01:54.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I would say with my dying breath, \Nlet it be Robert E. Lee".
Dialogue: 0,1:01:55.68,1:01:57.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— General Winfield Scott.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:00.84,1:02:03.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I can anticipate no greater calamity \Nfor the country
Dialogue: 0,1:02:03.92,1:02:06.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"than a dissolution of the Union.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:07.14,1:02:10.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"It would be an accumulation \Nof all the evils we complain of.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:11.77,1:02:15.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"And I am willing to sacrifice everything \Nbut honor for its preservation".
Dialogue: 0,1:02:16.99,1:02:18.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— Robert E. Lee.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:24.80,1:02:27.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The most promising officer \Nin the regular army
Dialogue: 0,1:02:27.60,1:02:29.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was Robert E. Lee of Virginia.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:30.57,1:02:33.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On April 18, four days after Sumter,
Dialogue: 0,1:02:33.53,1:02:36.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lee was summoned\Nto Blair House at Lincoln's behest
Dialogue: 0,1:02:36.53,1:02:40.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and offered field command\Nof the entire Union army.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:40.75,1:02:42.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lee said he would think about it.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:42.98,1:02:45.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Virginia had voted to secede\Nthe day before.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:48.34,1:02:51.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That night, he paced anxiously \Nin the gardens,
Dialogue: 0,1:02:51.36,1:02:54.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around his Arlington mansion,\Nacross the Potomac.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:55.49,1:02:57.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At midnight, Saturday the 20th,
Dialogue: 0,1:02:57.91,1:03:01.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lee wrote his letter of resignation\Nfrom the United States army.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:02.84,1:03:05.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the 21st, the Governor of Virginia
Dialogue: 0,1:03:05.83,1:03:08.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,asked Lee to take command\Nof the state militia.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:10.53,1:03:14.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When Lee had to choose \Nbetween the nation and Virginia,
Dialogue: 0,1:03:14.32,1:03:17.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was never any doubt \Nabout what his choice would be.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:17.40,1:03:19.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He went with his state, and he said,
Dialogue: 0,1:03:19.37,1:03:21.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I can't draw my sword \Nagainst my native state",
Dialogue: 0,1:03:21.98,1:03:24.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or, as he often said, "my country".
Dialogue: 0,1:03:24.73,1:03:27.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lincoln had lost his best soldier.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:30.43,1:03:34.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Not by one word or look, \Ncan we detect any change
Dialogue: 0,1:03:34.14,1:03:36.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"in the demeanor of the negro servants.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:38.22,1:03:39.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"They make no sign.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:40.54,1:03:43.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Are they stupid or wiser than we are?
Dialogue: 0,1:03:44.12,1:03:46.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Silent and strong, biding their time?"
Dialogue: 0,1:03:47.52,1:03:49.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— Mary Chestnut.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:50.60,1:03:53.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Both sides thought \Nit would be a 90-day war.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:54.35,1:03:57.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And both sides agreed \Nit was to be a white man's fight.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:58.73,1:04:02.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Blacks who tried to sign up\Nwere turned away.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:04.15,1:04:06.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[... Regiment attacked in Baltimore!\NTwo soldiers killed!]
Dialogue: 0,1:04:07.05,1:04:08.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,April, 19.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:08.51,1:04:11.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"There has been a serious disturbance \Nin Baltimore.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:11.70,1:04:14.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Regiments from Massachusetts\Nassailed by a mob
Dialogue: 0,1:04:14.38,1:04:16.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"that was repulsed by shot and steel.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:18.74,1:04:21.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"It's a notable coincidence \Nthat the first blood in this great struggle
Dialogue: 0,1:04:21.74,1:04:25.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"is drawn by Massachusetts men \Non the anniversary of Lexington."
Dialogue: 0,1:04:28.30,1:04:32.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Gun Men]
Dialogue: 0,1:04:36.62,1:04:39.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We are in Washington, and what a city!
Dialogue: 0,1:04:39.78,1:04:43.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Mud, pigs, negroes, palaces, \Nshanties everywhere.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:45.09,1:04:48.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"As we passed the White House,\NI had my first view of Abraham Lincoln.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:49.13,1:04:51.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"He looks like a good, honest man.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:51.42,1:04:53.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"And I trust that, with God's help,
Dialogue: 0,1:04:53.40,1:04:55.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"he can bring our country safely\Nout of its peril.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:55.94,1:04:57.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— Elisha Hunt Rhodes.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:59.40,1:05:02.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Rhode islanders set up their bunks\Nat the patent office.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:02.35,1:05:05.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,New Yorkers slept on the carpeted floor\Nof the House Chamber.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:06.35,1:05:09.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Massachusetts men camped in the rotunda
Dialogue: 0,1:05:09.20,1:05:11.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and cooked their bacon \Non furnaces in the basement.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:12.46,1:05:15.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Overhead, the Capitol dome \Nremained incomplete.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:16.30,1:05:19.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Despite the war, \NLincoln insisted that the work go on.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:20.56,1:05:24.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I take it as a sign", he said,\N"that the Union will continue".
Dialogue: 0,1:05:27.26,1:05:30.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The first thing in the morning is drill.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:30.14,1:05:32.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Then drill, then drill again.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:33.30,1:05:36.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Then drill, drill, \Na little more drill, then drill.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:37.41,1:05:39.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Then, lastly, drill.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:39.90,1:05:44.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Between drills, we drill and sometimes \Nstop to eat a little and have a roll call."
Dialogue: 0,1:05:48.20,1:05:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Outskirts of Baltimore,
Dialogue: 0,1:05:50.00,1:05:54.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"My dear William, I can now march\N20 and 25 miles a day,
Dialogue: 0,1:05:54.40,1:05:58.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"live on short rations \Nof hardtack, raw, rancid bacon,
Dialogue: 0,1:05:58.40,1:06:00.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"green roasting and use cold water,
Dialogue: 0,1:06:00.67,1:06:04.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"sleep out in the rain and heavy dew \Nwith nothing but an army coat over me
Dialogue: 0,1:06:04.28,1:06:06.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and enjoy myself capitally."
Dialogue: 0,1:06:07.29,1:06:09.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— Edward Hastings Ripley.\N
Dialogue: 0,1:07:01.38,1:07:05.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Early in the war, \Nthere was a Confederate veteran,
Dialogue: 0,1:07:05.44,1:07:08.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a young country boy, on guard duty.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:08.44,1:07:10.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's walking his post in the woods.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:10.85,1:07:15.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there was an owl, unknown to him,\Nin a tree nearby
Dialogue: 0,1:07:16.43,1:07:19.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the owl said, "Who-o-o-o!"
Dialogue: 0,1:07:19.96,1:07:23.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the boy, trembling with fear, said,
Dialogue: 0,1:07:23.46,1:07:27.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"It's me, sir, John Albert, \Na friend of yours".
Dialogue: 0,1:07:38.78,1:07:42.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In May, Union troops crossed \Nthe Potomac by torchlight
Dialogue: 0,1:07:42.13,1:07:44.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and took the heights of Arlington.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:46.17,1:07:50.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Robert E. Lee's house would be occupied\Nby Union troops for the rest of the war.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:53.57,1:07:57.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In late June, the new general in charge \Nof the Union army, Irvin McDowell,
Dialogue: 0,1:07:57.57,1:08:00.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,outlined plans for attacking \Nthe Confederates in Virginia,
Dialogue: 0,1:08:01.84,1:08:04.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but he did not yet want to fight.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:04.72,1:08:07.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"This is not an army", \Nhe warned the President.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:08.30,1:08:10.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"You are green, it is true", \NLincoln answered,
Dialogue: 0,1:08:10.97,1:08:13.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"but they are green also.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:13.45,1:08:15.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"You are all green alike".
Dialogue: 0,1:08:18.02,1:08:19.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To preserve the Constitution,
Dialogue: 0,1:08:19.80,1:08:22.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lincoln had for three months \Ngone beyond it,
Dialogue: 0,1:08:22.80,1:08:25.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,waging war without congressional consent,
Dialogue: 0,1:08:25.65,1:08:30.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,seizing northern telegraph offices, \Nsuspending habeas corpus.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:32.27,1:08:37.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To keep the border states from seceding, \NLincoln sent troops to occupy Baltimore
Dialogue: 0,1:08:37.32,1:08:42.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and clapped the Mayor and 19 secessionist \Nlegislators in jail without trial.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:43.30,1:08:47.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chief Justice Taney ruled that the President\Nhad exceeded his power.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:47.29,1:08:49.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lincoln simply ignored him.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:49.53,1:08:54.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"More rogues than honest men \Nfind shelter under habeas corpus", he said,
Dialogue: 0,1:08:55.24,1:08:58.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and even contemplated \Narresting the chief justice.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:00.89,1:09:05.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A very mysterious man, \Nhe's got so many sides to him.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:06.48,1:09:09.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The curious thing about Lincoln to me
Dialogue: 0,1:09:09.53,1:09:12.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that he could remove himself \Nfrom himself,
Dialogue: 0,1:09:12.81,1:09:15.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as if he were looking at himself.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:15.21,1:09:20.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a very strange, very eerie thing \Nand highly intelligent,
Dialogue: 0,1:09:20.80,1:09:22.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's such a simple thing to say,
Dialogue: 0,1:09:22.79,1:09:27.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but Lincoln's been so smothered\Nwith stories of his compassion,
Dialogue: 0,1:09:27.40,1:09:30.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that people forget \Nwhat a highly intelligent man he was.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:30.82,1:09:35.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And almost everything he did,\Nwas calculated for effect.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:48.25,1:09:52.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Teach the rebels and traitors \Nthat the price they are to pay
Dialogue: 0,1:09:52.25,1:09:55.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"for the attempt to abolish this government
Dialogue: 0,1:09:55.42,1:09:58.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"must be the abolition of slavery".
Dialogue: 0,1:10:00.37,1:10:02.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— Frederick Douglass.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:13.18,1:10:17.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From the start of the war, slaves fled \Ntheir plantations for the Union lines,
Dialogue: 0,1:10:17.89,1:10:20.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but Lincoln's policy was clear.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:20.38,1:10:25.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Despite pressure from the abolitionists,\Nhe insisted he was making war on secession,
Dialogue: 0,1:10:25.84,1:10:27.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not slavery,
Dialogue: 0,1:10:27.48,1:10:30.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and ordered the army \Nto return fugitives to their owners.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:32.51,1:10:36.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But now, an unlikely figure \Nhelped to change men's minds.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:36.73,1:10:40.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,General Benjamin Butler \Nwas a Massachusetts politician,
Dialogue: 0,1:10:40.33,1:10:42.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with crossed eyes and mixed motives
Dialogue: 0,1:10:42.72,1:10:46.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who had once backed Jefferson Davis \Nfor President of the United States.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:47.84,1:10:51.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Returning slaves \Nonly aided the enemy", Butler argued,
Dialogue: 0,1:10:51.86,1:10:55.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he got permission to hold \Nfugitive slaves as contraband of war
Dialogue: 0,1:10:56.57,1:10:59.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and employ them as laborers\Nin the Union army.
Dialogue: 0,1:11:01.64,1:11:05.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Major Cary of Virginia asked\Nif I did not feel myself
Dialogue: 0,1:11:05.51,1:11:09.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"bound by my constitutional obligations
Dialogue: 0,1:11:09.10,1:11:13.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"to deliver up fugitives \Nunder the Fugitive Slave Act.
Dialogue: 0,1:11:13.80,1:11:17.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"To this, I replied \Nthat the Fugitive Slave Act
Dialogue: 0,1:11:17.30,1:11:19.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"did not affect a foreign country,
Dialogue: 0,1:11:19.40,1:11:21.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"which Virginia claimed to be.
Dialogue: 0,1:11:21.75,1:11:26.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"And she must reckon it \None of the infelicities of her position
Dialogue: 0,1:11:26.19,1:11:30.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"that insofar, at least, \Nshe was taken at her word".
Dialogue: 0,1:11:31.32,1:11:33.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— General Benjamin Butler.
Dialogue: 0,1:11:36.20,1:11:40.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The trickle of runaways coming \Ninto Northern lines now swelled to a flood.
Dialogue: 0,1:11:41.96,1:11:46.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One ex-slave who had recently \Nbought his freedom told a Union soldier,
Dialogue: 0,1:11:46.57,1:11:50.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"If I had known you gun men were coming,\NI'd have saved my money".
Dialogue: 0,1:11:54.88,1:11:56.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Explosions)
Dialogue: 0,1:11:58.44,1:12:01.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,War was breaking out \Nall across the country.
Dialogue: 0,1:12:02.17,1:12:06.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were engagements at Big Bethel, \NVirginia and Booneville, Missouri.
Dialogue: 0,1:12:06.84,1:12:10.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Skirmishes from Maryland\Nto New Mexico territory.
Dialogue: 0,1:12:13.56,1:12:18.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At Philippi, in Western Virginia, \Na young Union general, George McClellan
Dialogue: 0,1:12:18.67,1:12:23.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,won a small, highly publicized victory \Nover a tiny Confederate force.
Dialogue: 0,1:12:25.14,1:12:28.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But still, there had been \Nno decisive battle.
Dialogue: 0,1:12:38.44,1:12:41.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"July 9, our battle Summer.
Dialogue: 0,1:12:42.47,1:12:46.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"May it be our first \Nand our last so-called.
Dialogue: 0,1:12:47.70,1:12:50.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"After all, we've not had \Nany of the horrors of war".
Dialogue: 0,1:12:51.94,1:12:53.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— Mary Chestnut.
Dialogue: 0,1:12:58.20,1:13:01.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"July 16, it begins to look warlike
Dialogue: 0,1:13:01.41,1:13:03.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and we shall probably have a chance
Dialogue: 0,1:13:03.57,1:13:08.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"to pay our Southern brethren a visit \Nupon the sacred soil of Virginia very soon.
Dialogue: 0,1:13:08.54,1:13:12.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I hope we shall be successful and give\Nthe rebels a good pounding".
Dialogue: 0,1:13:12.79,1:13:14.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— Elisha Hunt Rhodes.
Dialogue: 0,1:13:16.22,1:13:21.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On July 16th, the Volunteer Union Army\Nof 37,000 men marched into Virginia.
Dialogue: 0,1:13:22.21,1:13:25.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their aim, to cut the railroad at Manassas,
Dialogue: 0,1:13:25.30,1:13:27.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then move on at last to Richmond.
Dialogue: 0,1:13:31.70,1:13:33.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Washington Star:
Dialogue: 0,1:13:33.35,1:13:36.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The scene to the hills was grand.
Dialogue: 0,1:13:36.12,1:13:40.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Regiment after regiment was seen coming\Nalong the road and across the long bridge,
Dialogue: 0,1:13:40.43,1:13:42.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"their arms gleaming in the sun.
Dialogue: 0,1:13:44.77,1:13:47.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Cheer after cheer was heard \Nas regiment greeted regiment.
Dialogue: 0,1:13:47.97,1:13:51.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"With the martial music and sharp, \Nclear orders of commanding officers,
Dialogue: 0,1:13:51.54,1:13:55.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"it made a combination of sounds \Nvery pleasant to the ear of a Union man".
Dialogue: 0,1:14:03.67,1:14:05.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To stop the Union invasion,
Dialogue: 0,1:14:05.93,1:14:09.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,22,000 Confederate troops \Nhad moved north from Richmond
Dialogue: 0,1:14:09.49,1:14:11.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,commanded by General Beauregard,
Dialogue: 0,1:14:11.92,1:14:14.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who knew in advance \Nthe Federals were coming.
Dialogue: 0,1:14:14.78,1:14:18.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rose Greenhow, \Na prominent socialite in Washington,
Dialogue: 0,1:14:18.30,1:14:21.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a Confederate spy, had alerted him.
Dialogue: 0,1:14:22.75,1:14:26.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now Beauregard made his headquarters\Nin Wilmer McLean's farm house.
Dialogue: 0,1:14:32.49,1:14:35.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Confederates formed \Na meandering 8-mile line
Dialogue: 0,1:14:35.90,1:14:38.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,along one side of Bull Run Creek.
Dialogue: 0,1:14:38.68,1:14:43.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were less than 25 miles \Nfrom Washington, and there they waited.
Dialogue: 0,1:14:46.66,1:14:49.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hundreds of Washingtonians in holiday mood
Dialogue: 0,1:14:49.46,1:14:52.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rode out to Manassas \Nhoping to see a real battle.
Dialogue: 0,1:14:52.97,1:14:56.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some brought field glasses, \Npicnic baskets, bottles of champagne.
Dialogue: 0,1:14:58.47,1:15:01.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We saw carriages \Nwhich contained civilians,
Dialogue: 0,1:15:01.43,1:15:04.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"who'd driven out from Washington \Nto witness the operations.
Dialogue: 0,1:15:04.92,1:15:07.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"A Connecticut boy said, \N'There's our Senator!'
Dialogue: 0,1:15:07.40,1:15:10.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and some of our men recognized\Nother members of Congress.
Dialogue: 0,1:15:11.19,1:15:14.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We thought it wasn't a bad idea \Nto have the great men from Washington
Dialogue: 0,1:15:14.84,1:15:17.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"come out to see us thrash the rebs".
Dialogue: 0,1:15:18.42,1:15:20.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— private James Tinkham.
Dialogue: 0,1:15:25.87,1:15:29.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the morning of the 21st, \NMcDowell sent his men across Bull Run.
Dialogue: 0,1:15:32.21,1:15:34.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They smashed into the left side\Nof the Confederate line,
Dialogue: 0,1:15:34.75,1:15:37.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,driving the rebels \Nfrom one position after another.
Dialogue: 0,1:15:38.30,1:15:41.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The civilian onlookers waved hats \Nand fluttered handkerchiefs.
Dialogue: 0,1:15:42.41,1:15:45.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was not yet noon, and all was going\Njust as they wanted.
Dialogue: 0,1:15:47.87,1:15:51.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"On reaching a clearing separated\Nfrom our left flank by a rail fence,
Dialogue: 0,1:15:51.38,1:15:53.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"we were saluted by a volley of musketry
Dialogue: 0,1:15:53.74,1:15:57.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"which was fired so high \Nthat all the bullets went over our heads.
Dialogue: 0,1:15:57.57,1:16:01.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"My first sensation was astonishment \Nat the peculiar whir of the bullets
Dialogue: 0,1:16:01.44,1:16:05.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and that the regiment immediately laid down\Nwithout waiting for orders".
Dialogue: 0,1:16:10.53,1:16:13.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We fired a volley \Nand saw the rebels running.
Dialogue: 0,1:16:14.28,1:16:16.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The boys were saying constantly\Nin great glee,
Dialogue: 0,1:16:16.96,1:16:18.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,," 'We've whipped them'.
Dialogue: 0,1:16:18.49,1:16:21.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,," 'We'll hang Jeff Davis \Nto a sour apple tree.
Dialogue: 0,1:16:21.13,1:16:23.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,," 'They're running. The war's over'."
Dialogue: 0,1:16:26.62,1:16:31.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An onlooker remembered that the advancing \NUnion army looked like a bristling monster
Dialogue: 0,1:16:31.28,1:16:35.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lifting himself by a slow, wavy motion \Nup the laborious ascent.
Dialogue: 0,1:16:36.70,1:16:40.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Union victory seemed so sure \Nthat on one part of the battlefield
Dialogue: 0,1:16:40.46,1:16:43.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,men stopped to gather souvenirs.
Dialogue: 0,1:16:45.22,1:16:48.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But holding a hill at the center \Nof the Southern line,
Dialogue: 0,1:16:48.12,1:16:51.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was a Virginia brigade \Nled by General Thomas Jackson.
Dialogue: 0,1:16:52.26,1:16:56.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While other Southern commands wavered, \NJackson's held firm.
Dialogue: 0,1:16:57.25,1:17:01.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One Confederate officer, trying to rally \Nhis own frightened men, shouted,
Dialogue: 0,1:17:01.42,1:17:05.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Look! There's Jackson with his Virginians,\Nstanding like a stone wall".
Dialogue: 0,1:17:07.01,1:17:08.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The name stuck.
Dialogue: 0,1:17:09.93,1:17:12.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He had the strange combination
Dialogue: 0,1:17:12.66,1:17:16.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of religious fanaticism \Nand a glory in battle.
Dialogue: 0,1:17:16.74,1:17:19.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He loved battle. His eyes would light up.
Dialogue: 0,1:17:19.80,1:17:21.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They called him "Old Blue Light"
Dialogue: 0,1:17:21.45,1:17:24.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of the way his eyes\Nwould light up in battle.
Dialogue: 0,1:17:24.13,1:17:28.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was totally fearless, \Nhad no thought whatsoever of danger
Dialogue: 0,1:17:28.13,1:17:30.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at any time the battle was on,
Dialogue: 0,1:17:30.36,1:17:32.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he could define what he wanted to do.
Dialogue: 0,1:17:32.66,1:17:35.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said, "Once you get them running, \Nyou stay right on top of them.
Dialogue: 0,1:17:35.63,1:17:38.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"That way a small force \Ncan defeat a large one every time".
Dialogue: 0,1:17:39.58,1:17:44.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He knew perfectly well that a reputation\Nfor victory would roll and build.
Dialogue: 0,1:17:47.34,1:17:49.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was the turning point.
Dialogue: 0,1:17:49.38,1:17:52.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At 4:00, Beauregard ordered \Na counterattack.
Dialogue: 0,1:17:54.24,1:17:57.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jackson urged his men to yell like furies.
Dialogue: 0,1:17:59.51,1:18:03.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The rebel yell first heard that day \Nwould echo from 1,000 battlefields.
Dialogue: 0,1:18:07.74,1:18:10.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Confederate reinforcements began to arrive.
Dialogue: 0,1:18:10.58,1:18:12.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first came on horseback.
Dialogue: 0,1:18:12.49,1:18:15.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,More arrived by train, \Nsomething new in war.
Dialogue: 0,1:18:15.53,1:18:17.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Northern army fell apart.
Dialogue: 0,1:18:19.76,1:18:22.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The retreat soon became a rout,
Dialogue: 0,1:18:22.10,1:18:26.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as Union guns became entangled \Nwith the carriages of fleeing spectators.
Dialogue: 0,1:18:28.25,1:18:30.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We tried to tell them \Nthat there was no danger,
Dialogue: 0,1:18:30.68,1:18:33.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"called on them to stop, \Nimplored them to stand.
Dialogue: 0,1:18:33.36,1:18:35.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We called them cowards.
Dialogue: 0,1:18:35.72,1:18:39.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Put out our heavy revolvers \Nand threatened to shoot, but all in vain".
Dialogue: 0,1:18:47.56,1:18:50.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Along the shady little valley \Nthrough which our road lay
Dialogue: 0,1:18:50.71,1:18:55.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"the surgeons had been plying their vocation\Nall the morning upon the wounded.
Dialogue: 0,1:18:55.64,1:18:58.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Tables about breast-high had been erected
Dialogue: 0,1:18:58.20,1:19:01.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"upon which screaming victims \Nwere having legs and arms cut off.
Dialogue: 0,1:19:02.41,1:19:05.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The surgeons and their assistants,\Nstripped to the waist
Dialogue: 0,1:19:05.24,1:19:08.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and all bespattered with blood, \Nstood around.
Dialogue: 0,1:19:08.19,1:19:10.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Some holding the poor fellas,
Dialogue: 0,1:19:10.07,1:19:12.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"while others, armed with long, \Nbloody knives and saws,
Dialogue: 0,1:19:12.66,1:19:16.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"cut and saw away with frightful rapidity,\Nthrowing the mangled limbs
Dialogue: 0,1:19:16.69,1:19:19.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"on a pile nearby, as soon as removed.
Dialogue: 0,1:19:20.66,1:19:24.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— Lieutenant colonel W.W. Blackford, \N1st Cavalry, Virginia.
Dialogue: 0,1:19:26.63,1:19:28.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What a horrible sight it was!
Dialogue: 0,1:19:29.14,1:19:33.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Here a man, grasping his gun firmly \Nin his hands, stone dead.
Dialogue: 0,1:19:35.72,1:19:39.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Several with distorted features, \Nall horribly dirty.
Dialogue: 0,1:19:39.94,1:19:43.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Many were terribly wounded, \Nsome with legs shot off,
Dialogue: 0,1:19:43.28,1:19:45.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"others with arms gone.
Dialogue: 0,1:19:46.52,1:19:50.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Some so badly wounded, \Nthey could not drag themselves away,
Dialogue: 0,1:19:50.15,1:19:52.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"slowly bleeding to death.
Dialogue: 0,1:19:53.48,1:19:56.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We stopped many times \Nto give some a drink
Dialogue: 0,1:19:56.67,1:20:01.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and soon saw enough \Nto satisfy us with the horrors of war".
Dialogue: 0,1:20:02.35,1:20:04.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— Lieutenant Josiah Favill.
Dialogue: 0,1:20:10.75,1:20:13.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I struggled on, clinging \Nto my gun and cartridge box.
Dialogue: 0,1:20:14.14,1:20:17.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Many times, I sat down in the mud, \Ndetermined to go no further
Dialogue: 0,1:20:17.56,1:20:19.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and willing to die and end my misery.
Dialogue: 0,1:20:21.24,1:20:24.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"But soon a friend would pass \Nand urge me to make another effort,
Dialogue: 0,1:20:24.49,1:20:26.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and I would stagger a mile further.
Dialogue: 0,1:20:29.70,1:20:32.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"At daylight, we could see \Nthe spires of Washington,
Dialogue: 0,1:20:32.20,1:20:34.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and a welcome sight it was.
Dialogue: 0,1:20:34.73,1:20:37.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The loss of regiment \Nin this disastrous affair
Dialogue: 0,1:20:37.24,1:20:40.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"was 93 killed, wounded or missing".
Dialogue: 0,1:20:42.77,1:20:48.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is a congressman,\NI believe from Alabama
Dialogue: 0,1:20:48.42,1:20:50.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— I've forgotten where from —
Dialogue: 0,1:20:50.29,1:20:52.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who said there would be no war.
Dialogue: 0,1:20:52.22,1:20:55.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he offered to wipe up all blood \Nthat would be shed
Dialogue: 0,1:20:55.17,1:20:57.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a pocket handkerchief.
Dialogue: 0,1:20:57.48,1:20:59.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was his prediction.
Dialogue: 0,1:21:00.28,1:21:02.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've always said, someone could get a Ph.D.
Dialogue: 0,1:21:02.86,1:21:05.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by calculating how many \Npocket handkerchiefs it would take
Dialogue: 0,1:21:05.74,1:21:07.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to wipe up all the blood that was shed.
Dialogue: 0,1:21:07.88,1:21:10.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It would be a lot of handkerchiefs.
Dialogue: 0,1:21:12.24,1:21:14.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From the Confederate White House \Nin Richmond,
Dialogue: 0,1:21:14.54,1:21:16.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jefferson Davis rejoiced.
Dialogue: 0,1:21:17.68,1:21:20.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"My fellow citizens, your little army,
Dialogue: 0,1:21:20.53,1:21:22.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"derided for its want of arms,
Dialogue: 0,1:21:22.90,1:21:27.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"derided for its lack of all \Nthe essential material of war,
Dialogue: 0,1:21:27.40,1:21:30.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"has met the grand army of the enemy,
Dialogue: 0,1:21:30.12,1:21:32.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"routed it at every point,
Dialogue: 0,1:21:32.70,1:21:35.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and it now flies inglorious in retreat,
Dialogue: 0,1:21:35.82,1:21:37.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"before our victorious columns.
Dialogue: 0,1:21:38.88,1:21:40.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We have taught them a lesson
Dialogue: 0,1:21:40.76,1:21:43.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"in their invasion\Nof the sacred soil of Virginia".
Dialogue: 0,1:21:44.59,1:21:47.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Great Southern Victory!]
Dialogue: 0,1:21:48.12,1:21:50.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Today will be known as Black Monday.
Dialogue: 0,1:21:51.28,1:21:56.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We are utterly and disgracefully routed, \Nbeaten, whipped by secessionists.
Dialogue: 0,1:21:57.39,1:21:59.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— George Templeton Strong,
Dialogue: 0,1:22:01.51,1:22:03.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,London Times:
Dialogue: 0,1:22:03.51,1:22:06.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The inmates of the White House \Nare in a state of utmost trepidation
Dialogue: 0,1:22:06.80,1:22:09.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and Mr. Lincoln in despair.
Dialogue: 0,1:22:09.33,1:22:11.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Why Beauregard does not attack Washington,
Dialogue: 0,1:22:11.52,1:22:14.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I know not, nor can I well guess".
Dialogue: 0,1:22:16.36,1:22:19.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was remembered as the "great skedaddle".
Dialogue: 0,1:22:19.57,1:22:23.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For days, discouraged troops \Nstraggled back into Washington.
Dialogue: 0,1:22:24.99,1:22:26.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I saw a steady stream of men,
Dialogue: 0,1:22:26.99,1:22:29.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"covered with mud, \Nsoaked through with rain,
Dialogue: 0,1:22:29.34,1:22:33.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"who were pouring irregularly\Nup Pennsylvania Avenue toward the Capitol.
Dialogue: 0,1:22:33.99,1:22:36.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"A dense stream of vapor \Nrose from the multitude.
Dialogue: 0,1:22:36.92,1:22:40.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I asked a pale young man \Nwho looked exhausted to death,
Dialogue: 0,1:22:40.23,1:22:42.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"whether the whole army had been defeated.
Dialogue: 0,1:22:42.65,1:22:44.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"That's more than I know", he said.
Dialogue: 0,1:22:44.67,1:22:46.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I know I'm going home.
Dialogue: 0,1:22:46.56,1:22:49.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I've had enough of fighting \Nto last my lifetime".
Dialogue: 0,1:22:52.48,1:22:55.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The North was appalled \Nat the 5,000 casualties.
Dialogue: 0,1:22:56.36,1:23:00.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Both sides now knew \Nit would be no 90 days war.
Dialogue: 0,1:23:01.94,1:23:05.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two days later, \NCanny real estate speculators
Dialogue: 0,1:23:05.11,1:23:07.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bought up the battlefield \Nto make a second kind of killing.
Dialogue: 0,1:23:07.90,1:23:09.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— as a tourist attraction.
Dialogue: 0,1:23:14.68,1:23:17.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What upon earth is the matter\Nwith the American people?
Dialogue: 0,1:23:18.46,1:23:20.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Do they really covet the world's ridicule,
Dialogue: 0,1:23:20.63,1:23:23.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"as well as their own social \Nand political ruin?
Dialogue: 0,1:23:25.44,1:23:27.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The national edifice is on fire.
Dialogue: 0,1:23:28.42,1:23:32.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Every man who can carry a bucket of water\Nor remove a brick is wanted.
Dialogue: 0,1:23:33.99,1:23:36.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Yet government leaders persistently refuse
Dialogue: 0,1:23:36.68,1:23:39.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"to receive as soldiers the slaves,
Dialogue: 0,1:23:39.26,1:23:42.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"the very class of men \Nwhich has a deeper interest
Dialogue: 0,1:23:42.15,1:23:45.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"in the defeat and humiliation \Nof the rebels than all others.
Dialogue: 0,1:23:46.64,1:23:49.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Such is the pride, the stupid prejudice
Dialogue: 0,1:23:49.88,1:23:51.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and folly that rules the hour".
Dialogue: 0,1:23:52.49,1:23:54.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— Frederick Douglass.
Dialogue: 0,1:23:59.44,1:24:02.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Little did I conceive \Nof the greatness of the defeat,
Dialogue: 0,1:24:02.35,1:24:06.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"the magnitude of the disaster,\Nwhich had entailed upon the U.S.
Dialogue: 0,1:24:07.44,1:24:10.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"So short-lived has been the American Union
Dialogue: 0,1:24:10.16,1:24:14.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"that men who saw it rise \Nmay live to see it fall".
Dialogue: 0,1:24:15.38,1:24:17.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— William Russell, London Times.
Dialogue: 0,1:24:21.68,1:24:25.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[A Thousand Mile Front]
Dialogue: 0,1:24:28.14,1:24:30.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Disaster to the National Army]
Dialogue: 0,1:24:32.53,1:24:34.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[90,000 rebels in the field]
Dialogue: 0,1:24:34.52,1:24:37.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[The retreat of our forces \Non the eve of victory]
Dialogue: 0,1:24:37.68,1:24:39.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[A panic among the Temmsters and civilians]
Dialogue: 0,1:24:39.78,1:24:42.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Exaggerated statements of our losses]
Dialogue: 0,1:24:43.17,1:24:46.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Measures of the government\Nto retrieve the disaster]
Dialogue: 0,1:24:48.62,1:24:51.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Washington, August.
Dialogue: 0,1:24:51.49,1:24:53.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I found no preparations whatever \Nfor defense.
Dialogue: 0,1:24:54.84,1:24:57.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Not a regiment was properly encamped,
Dialogue: 0,1:24:57.09,1:24:59.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"not a single avenue or approach guarded.
Dialogue: 0,1:24:59.60,1:25:02.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"All was chaos, and the streets, \Nhotels and bar rooms
Dialogue: 0,1:25:02.98,1:25:04.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"were filled with drunken officers
Dialogue: 0,1:25:04.77,1:25:07.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and men absent from their regiments\Nwithout leave.
Dialogue: 0,1:25:07.50,1:25:09.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Perfect pandemonium!"
Dialogue: 0,1:25:09.69,1:25:11.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— George McClellan.
Dialogue: 0,1:25:17.18,1:25:19.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Five days after the disaster at Bull Run,
Dialogue: 0,1:25:19.69,1:25:23.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a new general took over what is now\Ncalled the "army of the Potomac".
Dialogue: 0,1:25:23.69,1:25:28.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,George Brinton McClellan, only 34,\Nseemed just what the North needed.
Dialogue: 0,1:25:29.03,1:25:31.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He brought with him \Nto the demoralized capital,
Dialogue: 0,1:25:31.48,1:25:35.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what one aide called \Nan indescribable air of success.
Dialogue: 0,1:25:37.50,1:25:40.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He replaced inept officers with regulars.
Dialogue: 0,1:25:41.49,1:25:46.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He laid out tidy camps around Washington\Nto accommodate the 10,000 new volunteers
Dialogue: 0,1:25:46.33,1:25:50.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,arriving each week, \Ndrilled them 8 hours a day,
Dialogue: 0,1:25:50.72,1:25:53.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,staged grand reviews to boost morale.
Dialogue: 0,1:25:57.92,1:26:00.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"All the attention \Nwas upon the young general
Dialogue: 0,1:26:00.49,1:26:02.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"with the calm eye, with the satisfied air,
Dialogue: 0,1:26:02.93,1:26:05.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"who moved around \Nfollowed by an immense staff
Dialogue: 0,1:26:05.91,1:26:09.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"to the clanking of sabers \Nand the acclamation of the spectators".
Dialogue: 0,1:26:09.95,1:26:11.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— Régis de Trobiand.
Dialogue: 0,1:26:13.85,1:26:16.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I find myself in a new \Nand strange position here
Dialogue: 0,1:26:16.77,1:26:20.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"— president, cabinet, general Scott —\Nand all deferring to me.
Dialogue: 0,1:26:20.100,1:26:24.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"By some strange piece of magic,\NI seem to become the power of the land.
Dialogue: 0,1:26:25.42,1:26:28.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I almost think that were I to win\Nsome small success now,
Dialogue: 0,1:26:28.58,1:26:32.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I could become dictator \Nor anything else that might please me.
Dialogue: 0,1:26:32.59,1:26:34.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"But nothing of that kind would please me.
Dialogue: 0,1:26:34.98,1:26:37.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Therefore, I won't be a dictator".
Dialogue: 0,1:26:37.96,1:26:40.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Admirable self-denial.
Dialogue: 0,1:26:41.97,1:26:44.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The newspapers called him "young Napoleon".
Dialogue: 0,1:26:44.86,1:26:47.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he could not help\Nseeing the resemblance himself.
Dialogue: 0,1:26:48.66,1:26:52.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But 100,000 untrained volunteers\Nhad become an army,
Dialogue: 0,1:26:52.61,1:26:54.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,McClellan's army.
Dialogue: 0,1:26:54.68,1:26:57.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His men, who loved him \Nfor having made them proud of themselves,
Dialogue: 0,1:26:57.84,1:26:59.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called him Little Mac.
Dialogue: 0,1:27:00.47,1:27:04.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"His specialty is preparing troops to fight
Dialogue: 0,1:27:04.74,1:27:06.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and he did that superbly.
Dialogue: 0,1:27:07.85,1:27:09.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"McClellan trained that army.
Dialogue: 0,1:27:09.61,1:27:13.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Whatever the army of the Potomac did \Nin the after years
Dialogue: 0,1:27:13.49,1:27:17.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"is largely due to the training McClellan \Ngave them in that first year".
Dialogue: 0,1:27:18.89,1:27:21.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With Lincoln, McClellan and his staff
Dialogue: 0,1:27:21.39,1:27:23.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,devised a three-pronged attack \Non the Confederacy.
Dialogue: 0,1:27:24.39,1:27:27.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One army would drive into Virginia\Nand take Richmond.
Dialogue: 0,1:27:28.92,1:27:31.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another would secure \NKentucky and Tennessee,
Dialogue: 0,1:27:31.72,1:27:34.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then push into the heartland \Nof the Confederacy
Dialogue: 0,1:27:34.26,1:27:37.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and occupy Mississippi, \NAlabama and Georgia.
Dialogue: 0,1:27:38.23,1:27:40.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Meanwhile, the navy would \Nclear the Mississippi,
Dialogue: 0,1:27:40.71,1:27:44.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,surround the Confederacy by sea, \Nand choke off supplies.
Dialogue: 0,1:27:45.65,1:27:49.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The war would be fought \Nalong a 1,000-mile front.
Dialogue: 0,1:27:50.92,1:27:54.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That fall, Lincoln elevated McClellan\Nto general in chief,
Dialogue: 0,1:27:54.44,1:27:56.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,replacing the aging Winfield Scott.
Dialogue: 0,1:27:57.68,1:27:59.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I can do it all", McClellan said,
Dialogue: 0,1:27:59.98,1:28:01.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but he did nothing.
Dialogue: 0,1:28:03.09,1:28:06.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As Summer turned to Autumn,\Nit became increasingly clear
Dialogue: 0,1:28:06.15,1:28:08.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that having made a magnificent army,
Dialogue: 0,1:28:08.53,1:28:12.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,George McClellan had no immediate plans \Nto lead it anywhere.
Dialogue: 0,1:28:18.72,1:28:21.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"As we approached the brow of the hill,
Dialogue: 0,1:28:21.17,1:28:23.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"my heart kept getting higher and higher,
Dialogue: 0,1:28:23.80,1:28:26.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"until it felt to me it was in my throat.
Dialogue: 0,1:28:26.94,1:28:32.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I would have given anything then\Nto be back in Illinois, where I kept ride on.
Dialogue: 0,1:28:33.50,1:28:36.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"When the valley below \Nwas in full view, I halted.
Dialogue: 0,1:28:37.79,1:28:40.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The enemy's troops were gone.
Dialogue: 0,1:28:41.73,1:28:47.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"My heart resumed its place\Nand it occurred to me at once
Dialogue: 0,1:28:47.14,1:28:51.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"that he had been \Nas much afraid of me as I of him.
Dialogue: 0,1:28:52.98,1:28:55.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"This was a view of the question \NI had never taken before,
Dialogue: 0,1:28:56.50,1:28:59.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"but it was one I never forgot afterwards".
Dialogue: 0,1:29:00.49,1:29:02.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— General Ulysses S. Grant.
Dialogue: 0,1:29:06.19,1:29:08.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In September, Ulysses S. Grant
Dialogue: 0,1:29:08.33,1:29:12.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,took Paducah, Kentucky, a strategic city\Nat the mouth of the Tennessee.
Dialogue: 0,1:29:13.32,1:29:17.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But two months later, his undisciplined \Nrecruits were almost destroyed,
Dialogue: 0,1:29:17.24,1:29:21.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looting a captured rebel camp \Ninstead of preparing for a counterattack.
Dialogue: 0,1:29:22.45,1:29:24.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Grant was returned to desk duty.
Dialogue: 0,1:29:28.52,1:29:31.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In November, \NWilliam Tecumseh Sherman was relieved
Dialogue: 0,1:29:31.77,1:29:33.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as Union commander in Kentucky
Dialogue: 0,1:29:33.74,1:29:36.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when he insisted that at least 200,000 men
Dialogue: 0,1:29:36.29,1:29:38.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would be needed to suppress \Nthe rebellion in the West.
Dialogue: 0,1:29:40.18,1:29:42.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No one believed him.
Dialogue: 0,1:29:43.08,1:29:47.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He grew melancholic, \Nprone to fits of anxiety and rage.
Dialogue: 0,1:29:48.48,1:29:51.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Sherman", McClellan said, \N"is gone in the head".
Dialogue: 0,1:29:52.45,1:29:55.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,December found him at home \Nin the care of his wife,
Dialogue: 0,1:29:55.35,1:29:57.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,contemplating suicide.
Dialogue: 0,1:29:58.57,1:30:00.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No. No one thought it would last long.
Dialogue: 0,1:30:00.63,1:30:02.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No one on the either side \Nthought it would last long.
Dialogue: 0,1:30:02.94,1:30:06.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those few individuals\Nwho said that it would,
Dialogue: 0,1:30:06.11,1:30:10.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— Tecumseh Sherman, for instance —\Nwere actually judged to be insane
Dialogue: 0,1:30:10.61,1:30:13.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for making predictions about casualties,
Dialogue: 0,1:30:13.14,1:30:14.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which were actually low.
Dialogue: 0,1:30:15.53,1:30:19.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In November, a Union warship \Nstopped a British steamer at gunpoint
Dialogue: 0,1:30:19.81,1:30:24.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in international waters and arrested \Ntwo Confederate diplomats found on board.
Dialogue: 0,1:30:25.16,1:30:28.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Britain's Prime Minister, \NLord Palmerston, was outraged,
Dialogue: 0,1:30:28.73,1:30:30.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,demanded their immediate release
Dialogue: 0,1:30:30.77,1:30:33.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and dispatched 11,000 troops to Canada.
Dialogue: 0,1:30:34.87,1:30:36.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"One war at a time", Lincoln said,
Dialogue: 0,1:30:36.94,1:30:39.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and quietly let the two Confederates go.
Dialogue: 0,1:30:43.98,1:30:47.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By December, optimists on both sides\Nwere disappointed.
Dialogue: 0,1:30:48.19,1:30:51.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Confederacy showed no signs \Nof imminent collapse.
Dialogue: 0,1:30:53.26,1:30:57.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The North would not abandon its efforts\Nto reunite the nation by force.
Dialogue: 0,1:30:58.42,1:31:02.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By the end of the year, there were \N700,000 men in the Union army.
Dialogue: 0,1:31:03.46,1:31:06.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No one knew how many \NConfederates there were.
Dialogue: 0,1:31:10.96,1:31:12.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"December 31st.
Dialogue: 0,1:31:12.95,1:31:15.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Poor old 1861 just going.
Dialogue: 0,1:31:16.21,1:31:19.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"It has been a gloomy year \Nof trouble and disaster.
Dialogue: 0,1:31:20.26,1:31:22.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I should be glad of its departure,
Dialogue: 0,1:31:22.17,1:31:25.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"were it not that 1862 \Nis likely to be no better".
Dialogue: 0,1:31:26.59,1:31:28.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— George Templeton Strong.
Dialogue: 0,1:31:31.64,1:31:35.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Honorable Manhood]
Dialogue: 0,1:31:39.30,1:31:41.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A week before the battle of Bull Run,
Dialogue: 0,1:31:41.67,1:31:45.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sullivan Ballou, a major in the\N2nd Rhode Island Volunteers,
Dialogue: 0,1:31:46.11,1:31:48.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wrote home to his wife in Smithfield.
Dialogue: 0,1:31:50.26,1:31:53.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"July 14, 1861, Washington, D.C.
Dialogue: 0,1:31:55.57,1:31:59.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Dear Sarah, \NThe indications are very strong
Dialogue: 0,1:31:59.22,1:32:02.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"that we shall move in a few days,\Nperhaps tomorrow.
Dialogue: 0,1:32:03.14,1:32:06.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"And lest I should not be able \Nto write you again,
Dialogue: 0,1:32:06.21,1:32:08.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I feel impelled to write a few lines
Dialogue: 0,1:32:08.44,1:32:11.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"that may fall under your eye\Nwhen I'm no more.
Dialogue: 0,1:32:13.99,1:32:17.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I have no misgivings about \Nor lack of confidence
Dialogue: 0,1:32:17.17,1:32:19.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"in the cause in which I am engaged,
Dialogue: 0,1:32:19.79,1:32:22.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and my courage does not halt or falter.
Dialogue: 0,1:32:24.23,1:32:29.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I know how American civilization now leans\Nupon the triumph of the government,
Dialogue: 0,1:32:29.04,1:32:32.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and how great a debt we owe\Nto those who went before us
Dialogue: 0,1:32:32.43,1:32:35.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"through the blood \Nand suffering of the Revolution,
Dialogue: 0,1:32:35.57,1:32:37.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and I am willing, perfectly willing,
Dialogue: 0,1:32:37.72,1:32:40.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"to lay down all my joys in this life
Dialogue: 0,1:32:40.52,1:32:44.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"to help maintain this government \Nand to pay that debt.
Dialogue: 0,1:32:46.72,1:32:50.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Sarah, my love for you is deathless.
Dialogue: 0,1:32:51.35,1:32:53.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"It seems to bind me with mighty cables
Dialogue: 0,1:32:53.80,1:32:56.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"that nothing but Omnipotence can break
Dialogue: 0,1:32:56.69,1:33:00.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and yet my love of country \Ncomes over me like a strong wind
Dialogue: 0,1:33:00.54,1:33:04.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and bears me irresistibly \Nwith all those chains to the battlefield.
Dialogue: 0,1:33:06.97,1:33:10.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The memory of all the blissful moments\NI have enjoyed with you
Dialogue: 0,1:33:10.18,1:33:12.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"come crowding over me
Dialogue: 0,1:33:12.25,1:33:18.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and I feel most deeply grateful to God\Nand you that I've enjoyed them for so long,
Dialogue: 0,1:33:19.58,1:33:22.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and how hard it is for me to give them up
Dialogue: 0,1:33:22.31,1:33:25.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and burn to ashes \Nthe hopes of future years,
Dialogue: 0,1:33:25.99,1:33:29.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"when, God willing, we might still \Nhave lived and loved together
Dialogue: 0,1:33:30.23,1:33:34.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and see our boys grown up \Nto honorable manhood around us.
Dialogue: 0,1:33:35.53,1:33:38.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"If I do not return, my dear Sarah,
Dialogue: 0,1:33:39.53,1:33:42.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"never forget how much I loved you,
Dialogue: 0,1:33:43.66,1:33:47.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"nor that when my last breath \Nescapes me on the battlefield
Dialogue: 0,1:33:47.60,1:33:49.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"it will whisper your name.
Dialogue: 0,1:33:52.42,1:33:57.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Forgive my many faults \Nand the many pains I have caused you.
Dialogue: 0,1:33:58.47,1:34:01.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"How thoughtless, how foolish\NI have sometimes been.
Dialogue: 0,1:34:03.86,1:34:08.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"But, oh, Sarah, if the dead \Ncan come back to this earth,
Dialogue: 0,1:34:08.33,1:34:11.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and flit unseen around those they love,
Dialogue: 0,1:34:11.57,1:34:15.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I shall always be with you \Nin the brightest day and the darkest night,
Dialogue: 0,1:34:16.15,1:34:18.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"always, always.
Dialogue: 0,1:34:21.14,1:34:24.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"And when the soft breeze fans your cheek,
Dialogue: 0,1:34:24.44,1:34:26.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"it shall be my breath.
Dialogue: 0,1:34:26.38,1:34:28.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Or the cool air at your throbbing temple,
Dialogue: 0,1:34:28.83,1:34:31.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"it shall be my spirit passing by.
Dialogue: 0,1:34:35.56,1:34:37.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Sarah, do not mourn me dead.
Dialogue: 0,1:34:39.18,1:34:43.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Think I am gone and wait for me, \Nfor we shall meet again".
Dialogue: 0,1:34:44.52,1:34:47.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sullivan Ballou was killed a week later
Dialogue: 0,1:34:47.26,1:34:50.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the first battle of Bull Run.