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你好 欢迎来到《科学五分钟》

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我是Vismita Gupta-Smith

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我们今天要讨论的是德尔塔变异毒株和疫苗

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我们的嘉宾是世卫组织首席科学家
Soumya Swaminathan博士

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欢迎 Soumya

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Soumya 我们的第一个问题是

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我们知道德尔塔变体传播性更强

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请解释一下
目前已过审的这批疫苗

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能为我们提供怎样的保护呢

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我们讨论的是Delta变体

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它被世卫组织列为第四种

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令人担忧的新冠变体

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因为它比之前的变体传播性更强

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而且能抵御我们血液中的抗体

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所以这意味着你需要更厉害的抗体

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来对付这种病毒变体

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比如 要比阿尔法变体的抗体更厉害

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现在的好消息是 
所有世卫组织列入紧急使用清单的疫苗

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都能够预防德尔塔变体引发的

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严重疾病 住院重症 及死亡

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所以，现在有研究报告

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来自德尔塔变体盛行的国家

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研究表明接种过疫苗的人

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最终住院的可能性要小得多

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而且你需要完成全程的疫苗接种

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才能充分免疫德尔塔变体

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所以 重要的是

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如果你有机会得到世卫组织批准的疫苗

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请接种它并完成全程疫苗接种

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这样你就可以得到保护

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免受德尔塔和其他病毒变体的威胁

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Soumya 请解释一下 不同的免疫程度

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如果你只接种了一针疫苗

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和你全程接种疫苗
有什么区别呢

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这些疫苗主要是为了预防严重疾病

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因为我们希望 即使人们被感染

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也能从中恢复 而不是病情恶化

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在这一点上 这些疫苗都十分有效

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当然 有不同的免疫程度

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你读过关于疫苗的药效测试研究

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其药效为70%-90%不等

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但就预防严重疾病

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和住院重症而言

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它们都非常有效，药效超过90%

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同样 它们在预防感染上有所不同

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理想化来说 你会想要有种疫苗

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能够帮助你完全预防感染

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这样你就不会生病

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但是我们目前拥有的疫苗中
没有一种是能够

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100%起到防护作用的

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这就是为什么 
即使你接种了疫苗也有可能被感染

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但十有八九你只会有轻微症状

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或根本无症状

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病重的概率

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微乎其微

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那么 Soumya
如果我们在完成全程疫苗接种后

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还是有可能被感染
并且感染其他人

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那为什么还要接种呢

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接种疫苗有两点重要原因

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其一

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