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Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.17,0:00:08.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Vismita Gupta-Smith:\NHello, and welcome to Science in 5.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.79,0:00:10.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm Vismita Gupta-Smith.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.72,0:00:14.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are talking today\Nabout the Delta variant and vaccines.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.97,0:00:19.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dr. Soumya Swaminathan,\NWHO's Chief Scientist is our expert today.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.78,0:00:20.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Welcome, Soumya.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.01,0:00:23.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our first question to you, Soumya,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.07,0:00:26.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is we know that the Delta variant\Nis more transmissible.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.04,0:00:30.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Please explain to us\Nwhat kind of protection
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.59,0:00:34.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we get from the current batch\Nof approved vaccines.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.11,0:00:37.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Soumya Swaminathan: So we're\Ntalking here about the Delta variant,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.20,0:00:39.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is the fourth variant of concern
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.17,0:00:40.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,described by WHO
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.68,0:00:44.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it's both more transmissible\Nthan the previous variant
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.51,0:00:50.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also has been able to resist\Nthe antibodies that we have in our blood.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.48,0:00:53.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what that means is that you need\Na higher level of antibodies
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.97,0:00:55.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to overcome this variant
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.56,0:00:58.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as compared to, let's say, \Nthe Alpha variant.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.05,0:01:05.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, the good news is that all of the WHO\Nemergency use listed vaccines
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.20,0:01:09.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,do protect against\Ndeveloping severe disease,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.23,0:01:12.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hospitalization and death\Ndue to the Delta variant.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.18,0:01:13.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there are studies now
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.32,0:01:16.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from countries where there is\Na predominance of Delta variant
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.45,0:01:19.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to show that people who've been vaccinated
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.05,0:01:23.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are much less likely\Nto end up in hospital.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.50,0:01:26.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you need the full\Ncourse of vaccination
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.03,0:01:30.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to give you that full immunity\Nto protect you against the Delta variant.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.49,0:01:31.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the important thing is
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.88,0:01:36.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you have access to a vaccine\Nthat's approved by WHO,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.74,0:01:38.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,please do take it and take the full course
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.88,0:01:40.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that you can be protected
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.22,0:01:43.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both against the Delta\Nand other variants of COVID.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.57,0:01:47.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,VGS: Soumya, explain to us, please,\Nthe level of protection that you have
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.79,0:01:51.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you have received\None dose of the vaccine
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.22,0:01:53.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,versus if you're fully vaccinated.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.23,0:01:57.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,SS: So the main goal of these vaccines\Nis really to prevent severe disease
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.91,0:02:02.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because what we want is for people,\Neven if they get the infection,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.06,0:02:05.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is for them to recover from it\Nand not become seriously ill.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.48,0:02:10.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's something that all\Nof these vaccines do really well.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.68,0:02:12.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, there are different levels.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.49,0:02:14.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You read about the efficacy trials.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.40,0:02:16.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They may range from 70% to 90%.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.24,0:02:20.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in terms of just looking at\Nthe prevention of severe disease
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.24,0:02:21.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and hospitalization,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.24,0:02:24.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're all very good, over 90% effective.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.62,0:02:28.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again, they vary in the protection\Nagainst getting an infection.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.29,0:02:30.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ideally, you know, you'd like a vaccine
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.92,0:02:33.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which completely prevents you\Nfrom getting infected,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.66,0:02:35.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,therefore you can't get ill.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.54,0:02:37.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But none of the vaccines\Nthat we have currently
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.86,0:02:39.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are 100% protective.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.78,0:02:44.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is why even if you're vaccinated, \Nyou can get the infection,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.88,0:02:48.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the chances are\Nyou'll get very mild symptoms
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.40,0:02:49.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or no symptoms at all,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.91,0:02:52.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that the chances\Nof getting seriously ill
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.21,0:02:53.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are really, really low.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.41,0:02:56.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,VGS: So Soumya,\Nif we can still get infected
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.44,0:03:01.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also infect others\Neven after we are fully vaccinated,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.09,0:03:02.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then why get vaccinated?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.82,0:03:05.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,SS: There are two very good reasons \Nto get vaccinated.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.70,0:03:08.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first is to protect yourself\Nfrom getting severely ill
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.80,0:03:10.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you catch the infection.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.09,0:03:13.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We know that there's a certain proportion\Nof people of all age groups
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.62,0:03:14.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who do get severely ill
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.84,0:03:18.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, you know, you could have a chance\Nof dying from this disease,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.03,0:03:19.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is what we want to protect.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.74,0:03:23.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's why you want\Nto get vaccinated in the first place.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.28,0:03:27.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But secondly, if you get vaccinated \Nand yes, you may still get the infection
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.97,0:03:31.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we know that these vaccines\Nare not going to protect you a 100%
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.31,0:03:32.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the infection.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.32,0:03:34.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there is a small risk you get infected,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.47,0:03:36.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you could pass it on to others.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.42,0:03:38.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why do you want to take\Nthe risk of doing that?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.61,0:03:41.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why do you want to be one person\Nin the chain of transmission?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.08,0:03:45.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we need to do in the world today\Nis to break those chains of transmission,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.81,0:03:47.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,get control of this disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.88,0:03:49.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's why we say
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.48,0:03:52.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,get vaccinated as soon as you can get\Naccess to your vaccine
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.50,0:03:53.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when your turn comes,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.76,0:03:56.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and continue to take all the precautions
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.15,0:03:59.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that you are completely\Nprotecting yourself
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.29,0:04:01.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as well as protecting others around you.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.68,0:04:02.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,VGS: Thank you, Soumya.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.81,0:04:04.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was Science in 5 today.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.37,0:04:05.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Until next time then.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.70,0:04:09.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stay safe. Stay healthy,\Nand stick with science.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.27,0:04:11.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Subtitles by Maurício Kakuei Tanaka\NReview by Carol Wang