[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to start here.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.00,0:00:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a hand-lettered sign
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.00,0:00:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that appeared in a mom and pop bakery
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.00,0:00:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in my old neighborhood in Brooklyn a few years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.00,0:00:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The store owned one of those machines
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.00,0:00:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can print on plates of sugar.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.00,0:00:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And kids could bring in drawings
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.00,0:00:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and have the store print a sugar plate
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.00,0:00:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the top of their birthday cake.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.00,0:00:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But unfortunately, one of the things kids liked to draw
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.00,0:00:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was cartoon characters.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.00,0:00:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They liked to draw the Little Mermaid,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.00,0:00:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they'd like to draw a smurf, they'd like to draw Micky Mouse.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.00,0:00:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it turns out to be illegal
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.00,0:00:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to print a child's drawing of Micky Mouse
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.00,0:00:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,onto a plate of sugar.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.00,0:00:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's a copyright violation.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.00,0:00:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And policing copyright violations
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.00,0:00:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for children's birthday cakes
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.00,0:00:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was such a hassle
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.00,0:00:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the College Bakery said,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.00,0:00:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"You know what, we're getting out of that business.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.00,0:00:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you're an amateur,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.00,0:00:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you don't have access to our machine anymore.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.00,0:00:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you want a printed sugar birthday cake,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.00,0:01:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have to use one of our prefab images --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.00,0:01:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only for professionals."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.00,0:01:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there's two bills in Congress right now.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.00,0:01:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One is called SOPA, the other is called PIPA.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.00,0:01:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,SOPA stands for the Stop Online Piracy Act.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.00,0:01:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's from the Senate.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.00,0:01:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,PIPA is short for PROTECTIP,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.00,0:01:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is itself short for
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.00,0:01:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Preventing Real Online Threats
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.00,0:01:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to Economic Creativity
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.00,0:01:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Theft of Intellectual Property --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.00,0:01:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the congressional aides who name these things
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.00,0:01:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have a lot of time on their hands.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.00,0:01:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what SOPA and PIPA want to do
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.00,0:01:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is they want to do this.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.00,0:01:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They want to raise the cost
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.00,0:01:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of copyright compliance
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.00,0:01:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the point where people simply get out of the business
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.00,0:01:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of offering it as a capability to amateurs.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.00,0:01:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now the way they propose to do this
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.00,0:01:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to identify sites
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.00,0:01:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are substantially infringing on copyright --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.00,0:01:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,although how those sites are identified
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.00,0:01:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is never fully specified in the bills --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.00,0:01:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then they want to remove them from the domain name system.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.00,0:01:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They want to take them out of the domain name system.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.00,0:01:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now the domain name system
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.00,0:02:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the thing that turns human-readable names, like Google.com,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.00,0:02:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into the kinds of addresses
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.00,0:02:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,machines expect --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.00,0:02:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,74.125.226.212.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.00,0:02:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now the problem with this model of censorship,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.00,0:02:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of identifying a site
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.00,0:02:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then trying to remove it from the domain name system,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.00,0:02:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that it won't work.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.00,0:02:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you'd think that would be a pretty big problem for a law,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.00,0:02:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but Congress seems not to have let that bother them too much.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.00,0:02:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now the reason it won't work
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.00,0:02:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that you can still type 74.125.226.212 into the browser
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.00,0:02:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or you can make it a clickable link
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.00,0:02:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you'll still go to Google.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.00,0:02:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the policing layer
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.00,0:02:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around the problem
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.00,0:02:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,becomes the real threat of the act.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.00,0:02:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now to understand how Congress came to write a bill
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.00,0:02:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that won't accomplish its stated goals,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.00,0:02:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but will produce a lot of pernicious side effects,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.00,0:02:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have to understand a little bit about the back story.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.00,0:02:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the back story is this:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.00,0:02:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,SOPA and PIPA, as legislation,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.00,0:03:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were drafted largely by media companies
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.00,0:03:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were founded in the 20th century.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.00,0:03:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The 20th century was a great time to be a media company,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.00,0:03:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the thing you really had on your side was scarcity.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.00,0:03:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you were making a TV show,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.00,0:03:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it didn't have to be better than all other TV shows ever made;
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.00,0:03:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it only had to be better
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.00,0:03:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than the two other shows
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.00,0:03:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were on at the same time --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.00,0:03:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is a very low threshold
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.00,0:03:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of competitive difficulty.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.00,0:03:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which meant
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.00,0:03:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that if you fielded average content,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.00,0:03:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you got a third of the U.S. public for free --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.00,0:03:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tens of millions of users
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.00,0:03:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for simply doing something
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.00,0:03:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that wasn't too terrible.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.00,0:03:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is like having a license to print money
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.00,0:03:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a barrel of free ink.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.00,0:03:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But technology moved on, as technology is wont to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.00,0:03:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And slowly, slowly, at the end of the 20th century,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.00,0:03:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that scarcity started to get eroded --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.00,0:03:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I don't mean by digital technology;
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.00,0:03:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean by analog technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.00,0:03:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cassette tapes, video cassette recorders,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.00,0:03:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even the humble Xerox machine
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.00,0:04:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,created new opportunities
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.00,0:04:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for us to behave in ways
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.00,0:04:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that astonished the media business.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.00,0:04:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because it turned out
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.00,0:04:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're not really couch potatoes.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.00,0:04:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't really like to only consume.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.00,0:04:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We do like to consume,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.00,0:04:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but every time one of these new tools came along,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.00,0:04:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it turned out we also like to produce
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.00,0:04:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we like to share.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.00,0:04:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this freaked the media businesses out --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.00,0:04:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it freaked them out every time.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.00,0:04:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jack Valenti, who was the head lobbyist
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.00,0:04:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the Motion Picture Association of America,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.00,0:04:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,once likened the ferocious video cassette recorder
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.00,0:04:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to Jack the Ripper
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.00,0:04:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and poor, helpless Hollywood
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.00,0:04:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a woman at home alone.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.00,0:04:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was the level of rhetoric.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.00,0:04:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so the media industries
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.00,0:04:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,begged, insisted, demanded
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.00,0:04:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that Congress do something.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.00,0:04:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Congress did something.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.00,0:04:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By the early 90s, Congress passed the law
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.00,0:04:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that changed everything.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.00,0:04:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that law was called the Audio Home Recording Act
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.00,0:04:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of 1992.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.00,0:05:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What the Audio Home Recording Act of 1992 said was,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.00,0:05:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,look, if people are taping stuff off the radio
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.00,0:05:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then making mixtapes for their friends,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.00,0:05:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is not a crime. That's okay.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.00,0:05:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Taping and remixing
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.00,0:05:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sharing with your friends is okay.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.00,0:05:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you make lots and lots of high quality copies and you sell them,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.00,0:05:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's not okay.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.00,0:05:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this taping business,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.00,0:05:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fine, let it go.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.00,0:05:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they thought that they clarified the issue,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.00,0:05:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they'd set out a clear distinction
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.00,0:05:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between legal and illegal copying.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.00,0:05:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that wasn't what the media businesses wanted.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.00,0:05:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They had wanted Congress
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.00,0:05:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to outlaw copying full-stop.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.00,0:05:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when the Audio Home Recording Act of 1992 was passed,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.00,0:05:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the media businesses gave up on the idea
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.00,0:05:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of legal versus illegal distinctions for copying
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.00,0:05:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it was clear
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.00,0:05:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that if Congress was acting in their framework,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.00,0:05:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they might actually increase the rights of citizens
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.00,0:05:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to participate in our own media environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.00,0:05:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they went for plan B.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.00,0:06:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It took them a while to formulate plan B.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.00,0:06:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Plan B appeared in its first full-blown form
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.00,0:06:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in 1998 --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.00,0:06:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something called the Digital Millennium Copyright Act.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.00,0:06:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was a complicated piece of legislation, a lot of moving parts.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.00,0:06:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the main thrust of the DMCA
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.00,0:06:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was that it was legal to sell you
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.00,0:06:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,uncopyable digital material --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.00,0:06:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,except that there's no such things as uncopyable digital material.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.00,0:06:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It would be, as Ed Felton once famously said,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.00,0:06:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Like handing out water
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.00,0:06:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that wasn't wet."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.00,0:06:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bits are copyable. That's what computers do.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.00,0:06:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is a side effect of their ordinary operation.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.00,0:06:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in order to fake the ability
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.00,0:06:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to sell uncopyable bits,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.00,0:06:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the DMCA also made it legal
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.00,0:06:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to force you to use systems
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.00,0:06:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that broke the copying function of your devices.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.00,0:06:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every DVD player and game player
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.00,0:06:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and television and computer you brought home --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.00,0:06:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no matter what you thought you were getting when you bought it --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.00,0:06:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could be broken by the content industries,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.00,0:06:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if they wanted to set that as a condition of selling you the content.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.00,0:07:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And to make sure you didn't realize,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.00,0:07:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or didn't enact their capabilities
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.00,0:07:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as general purpose computing devices,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.00,0:07:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they also made it illegal
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.00,0:07:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for you to try to reset
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.00,0:07:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the copyability of that content.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.00,0:07:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The DMCA marks the moment
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.00,0:07:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when the media industries
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.00,0:07:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gave up on the legal system
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.00,0:07:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of distinguishing between legal and illegal copying
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.00,0:07:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and simply tried to prevent copying
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.00,0:07:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through technical means.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.00,0:07:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now the DMCA had, and is continuing to have, a lot of complicated effects,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.00,0:07:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in this one domain, limiting sharing,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.00,0:07:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it has mostly not worked.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.00,0:07:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the main reason it hasn't worked
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.00,0:07:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the Internet has turned out to be far more popular and far more powerful
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.00,0:07:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than anyone imagined.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.00,0:07:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The mixtape, the fanzine,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.00,0:07:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was nothing compared to what we're seeing now
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.00,0:07:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the Internet.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.00,0:07:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are in a world
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.00,0:07:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where most American citizens
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.00,0:07:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over the age of 12
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.00,0:07:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,share things with each other online.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.00,0:07:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We share written things, we share images,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.00,0:08:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we share audio, we share video.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.00,0:08:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of the stuff we share is stuff we've made.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.00,0:08:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of the stuff we share is stuff we've found.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.00,0:08:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of the stuff we share
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.00,0:08:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is stuff we've made out of what we've found,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.00,0:08:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and all of it horrifies those industries.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.00,0:08:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So PIPA and SOPA
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.00,0:08:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are round two.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.00,0:08:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But where the DMCA was surgical --
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.00,0:08:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we want to go down into your computer,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.00,0:08:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we want to go down into your television set, down into your game machine,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.00,0:08:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and prevent it from doing
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.00,0:08:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what they said it would do at the store --
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.00,0:08:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,PIPA and SOPA are nuclear
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.00,0:08:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're saying, we want to go anywhere in the world
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.00,0:08:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and censor content.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.00,0:08:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now the mechanism, as I said, for doing this,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.00,0:08:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is you need to take out anybody
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.00,0:08:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pointing to those IP addresses.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.00,0:08:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You need to take them out of search engines,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.00,0:08:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you need to take them out of online directories,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.00,0:08:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you need to take them out of user lists.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.00,0:08:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And because the biggest producers of content on the Internet
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.00,0:08:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are not Google and Yahoo,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.00,0:08:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're us,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.00,0:09:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're the people getting policed.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.00,0:09:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because in the end,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.00,0:09:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the real threat
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.00,0:09:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the enactment of PIPA and SOPA
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.00,0:09:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is our ability to share things with one another.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.00,0:09:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what PIPA and SOPA risk doing
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.00,0:09:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is taking a centuries-old legal concept,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.00,0:09:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,innocent until proven guilty,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.00,0:09:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and reversing it --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.00,0:09:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,guilty until proven innocent.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.00,0:09:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can't share
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.00,0:09:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until you show us
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.00,0:09:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you're not sharing something
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.00,0:09:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we don't like.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.00,0:09:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Suddenly, the burden of proof for legal versus illegal
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.00,0:09:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,falls affirmatively on us
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.00,0:09:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and on the services
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.00,0:09:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that might be offering us any new capabilities.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.00,0:09:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if it costs even a dime
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.00,0:09:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to police a user,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.00,0:09:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that will crush a service
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.00,0:09:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a hundred million users.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.00,0:09:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is the Internet they have in mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.00,0:09:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine this sign everywhere --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.00,0:10:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,except imagine it doesn't say College Bakery,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.00,0:10:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,imagine it says YouTube
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.00,0:10:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Facebook and Twitter.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.00,0:10:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine it says TED,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.00,0:10:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the comments can't be policed
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.00,0:10:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at any acceptable cost.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.00,0:10:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The real effects of SOPA and PIPA
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.00,0:10:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are going to be different than the proposed effects.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.00,0:10:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The threat, in fact,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.00,0:10:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is this inversion of the burden of proof,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.00,0:10:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we suddenly
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.00,0:10:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are all treated like thieves
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.00,0:10:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at every moment we're given the freedom to create,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.00,0:10:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to produce or to share.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.00,0:10:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the people who provide those capabilities to us --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.00,0:10:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the YouTubes, the Facebooks, the Twitters and TEDs --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.00,0:10:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are in the business
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.00,0:10:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of having to police us,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.00,0:10:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or being on the hook for contributory infringement.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.00,0:10:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's two things you can do
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.00,0:10:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help stop this --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.00,0:10:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a simple thing and a complicated thing,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.00,0:10:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an easy thing and a hard thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.00,0:10:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The simple thing, the easy thing, is this:
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.00,0:10:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you're an American citizen,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.00,0:11:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,call your representative, call your senator.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.00,0:11:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you look at
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.00,0:11:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the people who co-signed on the SOPA bill,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.00,0:11:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people who've co-signed on PIPA,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.00,0:11:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what you see is that they have cumulatively received
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.00,0:11:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,millions and millions of dollars
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.00,0:11:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the traditional media industries.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.00,0:11:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You don't have millions and millions of dollars,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.00,0:11:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you can call your representatives,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.00,0:11:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you can remind them that you vote,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.00,0:11:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you can ask not to be treated like a thief,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.00,0:11:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you can suggest that you would prefer
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.00,0:11:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the Internet not be broken.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.00,0:11:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you're not an American citizen,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.00,0:11:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can contact American citizens that you know
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.00,0:11:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and encourage them to do the same.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.00,0:11:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because this seems like a national issue,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.00,0:11:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it is not.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.00,0:11:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These industries will not be content
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.00,0:11:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with breaking our Internet.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.00,0:11:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If they break it, they will break it for everybody.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.00,0:11:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the easy thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.00,0:11:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the simple thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.00,0:11:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The hard thing is this:
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.00,0:11:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,get ready, because more is coming.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.00,0:12:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,SOPA is simply a reversion of COICA,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.00,0:12:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was purposed last year, which did not pass.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.00,0:12:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And all of this goes back
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.00,0:12:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the failure of the DMCA
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.00,0:12:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to disallow sharing as a technical means.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.00,0:12:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the DMCA goes back to the Audio Home Recording Act,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.00,0:12:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which horrified those industries.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.00,0:12:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because the whole business
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.00,0:12:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of actually suggesting that someone is breaking the law
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.00,0:12:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then gathering evidence and proving that,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.00,0:12:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that turns out to be really inconvenient.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.00,0:12:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We'd prefer not to do that,"
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.00,0:12:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,says the content industries.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.00,0:12:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what they want is not to have to do that.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.00,0:12:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They don't want legal distinctions
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.00,0:12:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between legal and illegal sharing.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.00,0:12:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They just want the sharing to go away.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.00,0:12:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,PIPA and SOPA are not oddities, they're not anomalies,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.00,0:12:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're not events.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.00,0:12:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're the next turn of this particular screw,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.00,0:12:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which has been going on 20 years now.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.00,0:12:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if we defeat these, as I hope we do,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.00,0:12:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more is coming.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.00,0:12:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because until we convince Congress
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.00,0:13:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the way to deal with copyright violation
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.00,0:13:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the way copyright violation was dealt with with Napster, with YouTube,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.00,0:13:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is to have a trial with all the presentation of evidence
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.00,0:13:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the hashing out of facts and the assessment of remedies
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.00,0:13:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that goes on in democratic societies.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.00,0:13:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the way to handle this.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.00,0:13:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the meantime,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.00,0:13:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the hard thing to do is to be ready.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.00,0:13:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because that's the real message of PIPA and SOPA.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.00,0:13:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Time Warner has called
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.00,0:13:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they want us all back on the couch,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.00,0:13:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just consuming --
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.00,0:13:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not producing, not sharing --
Dialogue: 0,0:13:28.00,0:13:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we should say, "No."
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.00,0:13:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.00,0:13:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)