[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.62,0:00:04.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Big dream, big hope; it was a very
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.89,0:00:09.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,romantic period. This year 17 African
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.81,0:00:12.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nations mark 50 years of independence
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.72,0:00:16.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from decades of European colonialism; one
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.56,0:00:19.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,continent hungry for another's riches.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.49,0:00:23.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,European imperialism in Africa set up
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.76,0:00:27.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the continent to be raped, its resources
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.45,0:00:30.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just sucked out. The dreams of the
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.57,0:00:33.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,independence era were to be short-lived.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.54,0:00:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The initial euphoria disappeared very
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.00,0:00:38.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very quickly within a year, two years.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.24,0:00:41.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a story of mass exploitation of
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.97,0:00:44.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ecstasy of independence and of how
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.70,0:00:47.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with liberation, a new scrabble for
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.22,0:00:50.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,resources was born.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.41,0:01:08.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whether in bustling cities or remote
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.18,0:01:12.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,villages, the 1880s and 90's were years
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.08,0:01:15.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of terrifying upheaval in Africa. People
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.74,0:01:19.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were killed. Villages were destroyed.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.60,0:01:22.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Critical systems were completely
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.04,0:01:25.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,destroyed. Leaders were arrested put in
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.94,0:01:28.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,jail. Fleet upon fleet of foreign
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.91,0:01:31.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,soldiers armed with new weaponry and a
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.52,0:01:34.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sense of entitlement descended as if
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.52,0:01:37.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,overnight. That was traumatizing. This
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.67,0:01:40.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was a face of their European trading
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.16,0:01:43.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,partners people had rarely seen. United
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.79,0:01:46.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in their cause but divided in their
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.25,0:01:49.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,efforts, armed resistance failed. In the
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.46,0:01:53.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,space of just 20 years, 90% of Africa was
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.24,0:01:56.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,brought under European occupation. Europe
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.45,0:01:59.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had captured a continent. Gunboat
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.45,0:02:02.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,diplomacy: in many instances the British
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.81,0:02:05.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,did not actually have to go to war. Just
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.60,0:02:07.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the threats of war, the fact that they're
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.28,0:02:15.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all this big powerful guns was enough to
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.05,0:02:17.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,force the local chiefs to design a
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.54,0:02:20.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,treaty. All this because of massive sea
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.42,0:02:23.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,changes, not in Africa itself but in
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.84,0:02:26.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Europe
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.36,0:02:28.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was in the throes of the
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.37,0:02:31.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Industrial Revolution. The advent of the
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.70,0:02:34.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,machine was transforming the continent
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.04,0:02:36.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into the workshop of the world; a
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.43,0:02:40.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,workshop in need of raw materials. Ham
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.55,0:02:43.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and peanut oil would literally grease
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.07,0:02:46.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the engines of the revolution. Modern
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.63,0:02:48.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,transportation would need rubber for
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.80,0:02:51.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tires. And Europe's prosperous middle
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.32,0:02:54.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,classes now demanded luxuries from
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.08,0:02:57.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,overseas. This was the dawn of industrial
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.98,0:03:00.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,scale production, modern capitalist
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.29,0:03:03.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,economies, and mass international trade.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.94,0:03:06.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks to a generation of explorers and
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.95,0:03:09.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,traders, the great powers knew what
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.50,0:03:12.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,riches lay in Africa. Britain and France
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.83,0:03:14.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,already controlled most of the
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.99,0:03:17.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,continents ports.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.08,0:03:22.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They had diamonds and coal, had
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.18,0:03:25.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lots of things. They had cocoa they had
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.90,0:03:30.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lots of things that that Europe needed.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.59,0:03:33.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in the new industrial era the value
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.62,0:03:36.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Africa rocketed not only for
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.08,0:03:38.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,materials and strategic trade route but
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.51,0:03:41.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also as a market for the goods it now
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.03,0:03:44.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,produced in bulk. Africa was an
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.39,0:03:45.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,opportunity.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.29,0:03:48.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Africans wanted to trade right from
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.41,0:03:49.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the word go.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.07,0:03:52.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They wanted to sell their labor.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.64,0:03:55.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From from Malawi and Northern Rhodesia,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.31,0:03:56.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they used to go down into South Africa.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.90,0:03:59.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You had a movement of people people
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.51,0:04:01.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wanted to learn. They wanted to meet each
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.16,0:04:05.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,other and and and and so it was a
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.30,0:04:07.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,natural thing that the outside world
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.58,0:04:10.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,should get involved with Africa. But the
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.88,0:04:13.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Scramble for Africa wasn't just about
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.22,0:04:16.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,economics. Colonialism had become the
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.61,0:04:19.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fast track to political supremacy in
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.40,0:04:22.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Europe. Britannia may have ruled the
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.64,0:04:25.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,waves but Germany was rising after
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.10,0:04:28.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,victory in the Franco-Prussian war.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.49,0:04:30.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Meanwhile the defeated French Empire
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.98,0:04:34.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sought to regain its glory and a new
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.13,0:04:36.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unified Italy was also growing in
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.89,0:04:38.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,strength.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.72,0:04:41.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Europe was a continent in the ascendancy
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.30,0:04:43.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whose nations were vying for supremacy.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.90,0:04:47.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And back in Africa, the competing
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.21,0:04:50.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,imperial armies were pushing inland. And
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.18,0:04:53.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this looked set to bring them into major
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.15,0:04:55.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,confrontation.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.79,0:04:58.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the rival powers convened around a
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.71,0:05:00.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,conference table in the German capital
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.72,0:05:05.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in February 1885 signed the act of
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.22,0:05:07.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Berlin an agreement to abolish slavery
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.59,0:05:11.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and allow free trade but the act also
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.88,0:05:14.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,drew new borders on the map of Africa
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.21,0:05:17.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,awarding territory to each European
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.25,0:05:19.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,power and turning trading partners into
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.98,0:05:23.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,subjects of Empire it legalized the
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.43,0:05:26.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Scramble for Africa what it did was it
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.91,0:05:29.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,carved up what were between what a
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.58,0:05:31.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thought to have been about between six
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.29,0:05:34.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and ten thousand political units in
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.50,0:05:36.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Africa and they were then carved up
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.54,0:05:41.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,often cutting peoples in half water
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.16,0:05:43.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tables just sort of cut off from their
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.29,0:05:46.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,resources it was just it was complete
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.17,0:05:49.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,geographical madness simply drew lines
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.14,0:05:51.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the map places where they had not
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.33,0:05:54.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even been yet they had no idea what was
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.03,0:05:56.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there Africans were not aware that there
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.85,0:05:59.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were conferences be organized in Berlin
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.61,0:06:02.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to determine about them now they did not
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.70,0:06:05.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,know about it they only saw the
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.49,0:06:08.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,consequences but the governments of
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.43,0:06:10.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Europe were at pains to stress that
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.86,0:06:13.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,therefore raised in to Africa were just
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.11,0:06:16.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the product of vested interest the
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.32,0:06:18.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,beneath train tracks and shipping lanes
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.36,0:06:21.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lay a moral justification which caught
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.15,0:06:24.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the public imagination and they
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.06,0:06:26.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,justified it by saying that they were
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.76,0:06:29.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bringing civilization and Christianity
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.39,0:06:32.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to these belated primitive
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.88,0:06:37.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people a white man's burden beautiful
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.23,0:06:40.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,language so the European politician and
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.71,0:06:44.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the petition of colonialism to explain
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.79,0:06:48.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to their people why should we send our
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.39,0:06:51.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,children to tom cam the gulf of tonkin
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.06,0:06:54.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to Vietnam why should we send them to
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.93,0:06:57.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,die in the malaria infested part of
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.96,0:07:01.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Algeria or black Africa and so on white
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.59,0:07:04.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,man's burden we have to bring
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.28,0:07:08.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the light a partnership with the church
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.51,0:07:11.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Africa offered the colonialists an
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.18,0:07:13.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,insight into living conditions and the
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.94,0:07:16.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,social services that would be expected
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.37,0:07:20.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a supposedly benevolent Empire but it
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.96,0:07:23.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also delivered a moral pretext Europe
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.75,0:07:26.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had long harbored an image of the Dark
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.12,0:07:29.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Continent wild exotic and in need of
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.53,0:07:32.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,enlightenment the Christian missionaries
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.15,0:07:34.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for many colonialists their project
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.76,0:07:38.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was a humanitarian one I didn't see the
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.09,0:07:42.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,colonial service as racist after all I'd
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.41,0:07:44.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,come across real racism in Southern
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.30,0:07:46.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rhodesia and South Africa well when I
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.58,0:07:49.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was at school in South Africa I had no
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.19,0:07:51.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,African friends there was no contact
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.86,0:07:55.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between white people living in South
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.04,0:07:58.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Africa at that time and African people
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.64,0:08:02.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on a basis of equality it was all master
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.60,0:08:06.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and servant and this was that these were
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.29,0:08:09.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the days of apartheid I just could not
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.17,0:08:11.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,accept the idea that every white man was
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.99,0:08:14.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,superior to every black man I knew that
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.45,0:08:16.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this was just nonsense it cannot
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.76,0:08:20.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dominate the people without giving him a
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.30,0:08:23.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sense of inferiority racism is part of
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.57,0:08:26.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the colonial system white supremacy was
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.24,0:08:28.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an exercise wasn't practiced in all the
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.49,0:08:33.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,colonies as far as I was concerned being
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.98,0:08:35.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,able to get into the colonial service
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.42,0:08:37.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was exactly what I wanted because I I
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.97,0:08:40.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thought and I knew that the British
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.64,0:08:43.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,government had the right idea towards
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.48,0:08:46.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Africa and Africans and I wanted to have
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.49,0:08:48.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a normal relationship because I loved
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.26,0:08:51.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Africa black men and white men were not
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.98,0:08:55.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,equal even if there were all citizens
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.78,0:09:00.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was a limit as Africa was brought
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.20,0:09:02.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,under colonial rule the Lions itched on
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.78,0:09:05.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the map Matt Berlin were now drawn on
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.24,0:09:05.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.76,0:09:08.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around between them Britain and France
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.58,0:09:11.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had the lion's share of territory among
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.97,0:09:14.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Britain's colonies were key ports in
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.49,0:09:17.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Egypt the Gold Coast now Ghana and
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.18,0:09:20.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nigeria and settler colonies in Zimbabwe
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.85,0:09:24.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and South Africa
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.40,0:09:27.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,excluding Libya France controlled the
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.14,0:09:29.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rest of para big speaking North Africa
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.98,0:09:33.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as well as large Federation's in West
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.08,0:09:35.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Central Africa
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.30,0:09:40.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Belgium had taken the vast Congo
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.97,0:09:43.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,colonies taken by Spain Italy Portugal
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.94,0:09:47.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Germany were relatively few and only
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.60,0:09:50.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ethiopia and Liberia remained autonomous
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.89,0:09:55.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was difficult to explain how people made
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.34,0:09:58.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so much money in the slave trade the
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.97,0:10:02.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bourgeois parts of bill of England or
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.18,0:10:04.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,France and so on for hundreds of years
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.97,0:10:07.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they invested in it suddenly found that
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.52,0:10:10.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's what we are doing is despicable
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.60,0:10:12.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something happened
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.17,0:10:15.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you only can explain that because
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.22,0:10:19.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,imperatives have changed they wanted now
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.46,0:10:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to have access to the resources the 19th
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.00,0:10:25.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,century abolition of slavery in Africa
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.28,0:10:28.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,failed to bring freedom instead once
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.94,0:10:31.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,colonial armies had expelled the slave
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.28,0:10:33.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,traders people began to realize they
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.83,0:10:46.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,simply had new masters to serve gold and
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.01,0:10:49.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,diamonds cocoa ivory rubber and cotton
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.99,0:10:53.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,intensive exploitation swept through the
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.18,0:10:55.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,continent as Africa delivered on its
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.52,0:10:58.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,promises of untold riches bound for the
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.55,0:11:02.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dockyards of Europe by the end of the
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.09,0:11:05.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,19th century it had helped crown Britain
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.24,0:11:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the powerhouse of manufacturing with a
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.00,0:11:11.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,massive share of world exports half of
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.18,0:11:14.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all cotton goods and 80% of all clothing
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.81,0:11:17.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the French built their business plan on
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.54,0:11:20.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to materials crucial to industrial
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.51,0:11:23.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Europe groundnut and cotton but in
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.81,0:11:26.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,colonizing the Sahara and Staffing an
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.54,0:11:29.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,elaborate administration they struggled
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.30,0:11:31.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to see profits
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.39,0:11:34.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,France didn't simply want to rule an
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.04,0:11:36.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,area they wanted to assimilate a
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.41,0:11:40.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,population African towns were remodeled
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.40,0:11:44.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to replicate dijon or Marseille and the
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.09,0:11:46.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more French a person became the better
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.37,0:11:49.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their chances in life it was an attitude
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.13,0:11:52.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to Africans that they were proud of but
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.25,0:11:54.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even the gift of citizenship wasn't
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.59,0:11:58.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,quite what it seemed I remember I come
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.49,0:12:01.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from a family in which we don't speak
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.01,0:12:03.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,French but when I went to the elementary
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.80,0:12:07.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,school we had to learn French so during
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.40,0:12:10.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the first year to be honest with you we
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.19,0:12:11.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just remain quiet
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.75,0:12:15.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we learn how to recite the alphabet and
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.77,0:12:18.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bit by bit we'll learn some French word
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.08,0:12:20.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it was forbidden to speak a
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.60,0:12:21.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,modern language
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.59,0:12:23.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the French ideal of cultural
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.96,0:12:26.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,assimilation proved grossly misjudged
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.92,0:12:29.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the colonies were founded by French
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.60,0:12:31.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,military men to the exclusion of
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.79,0:12:34.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,existing leaders their heavy-handed rule
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.97,0:12:38.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,often created grievances among African
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.33,0:12:41.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,subjects but remote communities in
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.33,0:12:44.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,places like Chad were able to evade the
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.78,0:12:46.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,daily influence of French rule
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.72,0:12:50.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,altogether only in Senegal the seat of
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.33,0:12:53.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,French West Africa did a privileged few
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.03,0:12:56.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,find a political voice if the goal of
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.36,0:12:58.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,building France in Africa succeeded in
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.34,0:13:00.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bricks and mortar it largely failed in
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.89,0:13:05.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hearts and minds the contact was a
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.09,0:13:10.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,contact of inequality in other words we
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.25,0:13:13.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were made to believe as if we had no
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.94,0:13:18.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,civilization no culture that was very
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.26,0:13:20.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,traumatizing indeed
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.74,0:13:23.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while the British rejected the French
Dialogue: 0,0:13:23.68,0:13:26.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,policy of cultural colonisation it still
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.59,0:13:29.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,often happened in practice for my
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.80,0:13:33.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,father's generation the the relationship
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.78,0:13:37.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with England was completely uncritical
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.48,0:13:38.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,uncomplicated
Dialogue: 0,0:13:38.79,0:13:42.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they they went to church they had the
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.61,0:13:44.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,British education they loved Shakespeare
Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.37,0:13:47.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they listened to the BBC World Service
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.41,0:13:51.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they were just they spoke English
Dialogue: 0,0:13:51.07,0:13:55.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with Eclipse actually English accent and
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.84,0:13:57.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they referred to England as a mother
Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.58,0:14:00.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,country even though very few of them
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.43,0:14:02.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually had the opportunity to travel
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.86,0:14:05.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to England aside from the settlers
Dialogue: 0,0:14:05.56,0:14:08.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,States most British colonies saw only a
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.68,0:14:11.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,small clique of British officials
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.11,0:14:13.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,installed main part of the job was to go
Dialogue: 0,0:14:13.78,0:14:15.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out on village to village touring and
Dialogue: 0,0:14:15.64,0:14:18.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'd you'd go with the chief
Dialogue: 0,0:14:18.97,0:14:22.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'd have meetings at villages with the
Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.09,0:14:24.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,village headman you'd ask them if there
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.43,0:14:26.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were problems you just look at their
Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.44,0:14:29.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,crops you'd you talk about road
Dialogue: 0,0:14:29.20,0:14:31.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,development or a dam or whatever you
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.87,0:14:34.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kept in close touch with the people and
Dialogue: 0,0:14:34.23,0:14:36.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,incidentally you would speak to them in
Dialogue: 0,0:14:36.43,0:14:38.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their own language it was terribly
Dialogue: 0,0:14:38.14,0:14:40.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,important to learn the local language as
Dialogue: 0,0:14:40.99,0:14:42.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,quickly as possible
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.91,0:14:45.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the British mainly took in direct
Dialogue: 0,0:14:45.01,0:14:47.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,control by appointing local leaders to
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.56,0:14:50.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,manage the colonial mission but ruling
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.59,0:14:53.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by proxy created huge variations in
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.65,0:14:56.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,practice and fostered emiti between
Dialogue: 0,0:14:56.89,0:14:59.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tribes and ultimately African leaders
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.50,0:15:01.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,working for the British lacked
Dialogue: 0,0:15:01.39,0:15:03.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,credibility in the eyes of the people
Dialogue: 0,0:15:03.76,0:15:06.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when the white administrator in his
Dialogue: 0,0:15:06.79,0:15:09.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bentley or anniversary boys with the
Dialogue: 0,0:15:09.67,0:15:13.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Union Jack appears there is no question
Dialogue: 0,0:15:13.78,0:15:16.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are no two so there are no two
Dialogue: 0,0:15:16.18,0:15:19.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sources of authority there is only one
Dialogue: 0,0:15:19.15,0:15:22.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,authority it is authority of the king or
Dialogue: 0,0:15:22.33,0:15:25.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the queen one man at the conference of
Dialogue: 0,0:15:25.63,0:15:28.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Berlin walked away with his own private
Dialogue: 0,0:15:28.54,0:15:31.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,colony and showed what colonialism
Dialogue: 0,0:15:31.36,0:15:33.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looked like at it's very worst
Dialogue: 0,0:15:33.76,0:15:36.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,king leopold ii of belgium had
Dialogue: 0,0:15:36.52,0:15:38.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,originally founded a committee to
Dialogue: 0,0:15:38.92,0:15:41.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,civilize africa convincing the berlin
Dialogue: 0,0:15:41.80,0:15:43.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,delegates that he merited
Dialogue: 0,0:15:43.39,0:15:46.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a territory 2.3 million square meters in
Dialogue: 0,0:15:46.99,0:15:51.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,size the congo free state but instead of
Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.67,0:15:54.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,improving the congo his 23 year reign
Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.70,0:15:57.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was so brutal that the population halved
Dialogue: 0,0:15:57.82,0:16:01.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while Leopold and his men amassed huge
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.57,0:16:05.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,personal fortunes men women and children
Dialogue: 0,0:16:05.32,0:16:07.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were forced to collect huge quotas of
Dialogue: 0,0:16:07.90,0:16:10.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rubber for export those considered
Dialogue: 0,0:16:10.72,0:16:13.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,work-shy could face a punishment of hand
Dialogue: 0,0:16:13.81,0:16:17.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,amputation or worse Dunlop's invention
Dialogue: 0,0:16:17.77,0:16:21.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the pneumatic tyre in 1888 increased
Dialogue: 0,0:16:21.91,0:16:24.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the price of rubber the profits of
Dialogue: 0,0:16:24.43,0:16:27.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Leopold and the misery inflicted by his
Dialogue: 0,0:16:27.31,0:16:29.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,men when you look at Congo under King
Dialogue: 0,0:16:29.50,0:16:31.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Leopold you realized the whole imperial
Dialogue: 0,0:16:31.60,0:16:32.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,venture in Africa
Dialogue: 0,0:16:32.71,0:16:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could have been a great deal worse I
Dialogue: 0,0:16:34.00,0:16:36.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mean that was just pure looting and
Dialogue: 0,0:16:36.96,0:16:40.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Africans who didn't allow themselves to
Dialogue: 0,0:16:40.48,0:16:43.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,be enslaved were just killed by 1903
Dialogue: 0,0:16:43.29,0:16:45.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reports of atrocities compiled by
Dialogue: 0,0:16:45.88,0:16:47.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Christian missionaries and British
Dialogue: 0,0:16:47.98,0:16:51.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,envoy's reached the world press Leopold
Dialogue: 0,0:16:51.49,0:16:54.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was exposed but it took another five
Dialogue: 0,0:16:54.55,0:16:56.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,years for the Belgian government to
Dialogue: 0,0:16:56.77,0:17:00.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,finally repossess the Congo from Leopold
Dialogue: 0,0:17:00.04,0:17:02.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,amid a state cover-up the British the
Dialogue: 0,0:17:02.95,0:17:06.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,French the Germans the before 1918 of
Dialogue: 0,0:17:06.43,0:17:10.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,course the Belgian used taxation the use
Dialogue: 0,0:17:10.63,0:17:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,false labor for their enterprises for it
Dialogue: 0,0:17:16.00,0:17:18.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was the same practice of almost ever
Dialogue: 0,0:17:18.49,0:17:20.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the point of view of the African
Dialogue: 0,0:17:20.32,0:17:22.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was a unity in the colonial system
Dialogue: 0,0:17:22.47,0:17:25.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the imposition of European rule was at
Dialogue: 0,0:17:25.75,0:17:28.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,best a bittersweet encounter
Dialogue: 0,0:17:28.20,0:17:31.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in many places rapid development came at
Dialogue: 0,0:17:31.35,0:17:33.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the expense of personal freedoms
Dialogue: 0,0:17:33.71,0:17:35.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,development designed to help the
Dialogue: 0,0:17:35.88,0:17:38.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,European project as much as to help
Dialogue: 0,0:17:38.04,0:17:42.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,African society wards were built
Dialogue: 0,0:17:42.56,0:17:44.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,planned by the European the French were
Dialogue: 0,0:17:44.97,0:17:46.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the British are the Belgians does not
Dialogue: 0,0:17:46.56,0:17:49.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,matter words were built schools were
Dialogue: 0,0:17:49.29,0:17:52.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,built with the taxation imposed upon the
Dialogue: 0,0:17:52.47,0:17:56.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people colonisation is always a system
Dialogue: 0,0:17:56.46,0:18:00.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of high planning but the planning is not
Dialogue: 0,0:18:00.24,0:18:03.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,done democratically the planning is
Dialogue: 0,0:18:03.45,0:18:07.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,imposed by the Masters all the
Dialogue: 0,0:18:07.26,0:18:09.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,infrastructure that they built the
Dialogue: 0,0:18:09.48,0:18:11.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,railways and the roads were travelling
Dialogue: 0,0:18:11.85,0:18:15.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from mines or plantations to the port it
Dialogue: 0,0:18:15.27,0:18:18.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was about sucking Africa's wealth out of
Dialogue: 0,0:18:18.87,0:18:21.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it and you can contrast that with India
Dialogue: 0,0:18:21.12,0:18:25.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,say where actually it the the railways
Dialogue: 0,0:18:25.08,0:18:27.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and roads linked up towns if India was
Dialogue: 0,0:18:27.57,0:18:30.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,linked up internally but in Africa it
Dialogue: 0,0:18:30.39,0:18:35.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was about getting the resources out may
Dialogue: 0,0:18:35.58,0:18:37.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have delayed conflict in Europe but it
Dialogue: 0,0:18:37.83,0:18:40.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,couldn't prevent it the outbreak of
Dialogue: 0,0:18:40.38,0:18:43.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,World War one in 1914 pull the hammer
Dialogue: 0,0:18:43.56,0:18:45.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things to make the ultimate sacrifice
Dialogue: 0,0:18:45.84,0:18:48.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for their mother country even if they
Dialogue: 0,0:18:48.93,0:18:53.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had never set foot on its soil at least
Dialogue: 0,0:18:53.03,0:18:56.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,165 thousand Africans are thought to
Dialogue: 0,0:18:56.01,0:18:58.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have died in the fighting and in the
Dialogue: 0,0:18:58.35,0:19:00.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Second World War France and Britain's
Dialogue: 0,0:19:00.54,0:19:03.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dependency on African troops peaked at
Dialogue: 0,0:19:03.99,0:19:06.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around half a million men
Dialogue: 0,0:19:06.39,0:19:09.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the plunder Africa's Human Resources had
Dialogue: 0,0:19:09.51,0:19:12.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,caught up with the plunder of the earth
Dialogue: 0,0:19:12.33,0:19:14.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,younger people from my generation were
Dialogue: 0,0:19:14.91,0:19:18.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,drafted to go to Vietnam the 14th France
Dialogue: 0,0:19:18.60,0:19:22.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,began de nasi again the Germans the
Dialogue: 0,0:19:22.02,0:19:26.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fortunate junior in Tunisia against the
Dialogue: 0,0:19:26.39,0:19:30.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,liberation movement there
Dialogue: 0,0:19:30.55,0:19:34.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was no choice but to do it tens of
Dialogue: 0,0:19:34.48,0:19:37.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thousands indeed of Africans of all
Dialogue: 0,0:19:37.39,0:19:40.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,confession Christians non-christians
Dialogue: 0,0:19:40.77,0:19:45.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Muslims Arabs and blacks for the goal
Dialogue: 0,0:19:45.94,0:19:49.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the leader of free France their show of
Dialogue: 0,0:19:49.09,0:19:52.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,loyalty would not go unrecognized after
Dialogue: 0,0:19:52.42,0:19:56.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,World War two the way reforms in the
Dialogue: 0,0:19:56.95,0:20:00.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,colonial system the French began to
Dialogue: 0,0:20:00.49,0:20:03.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,introducing the constitution of 1945 and
Dialogue: 0,0:20:03.31,0:20:06.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1946 the idea of extension of
Dialogue: 0,0:20:06.97,0:20:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,citizenship to all people regardless of
Dialogue: 0,0:20:10.00,0:20:13.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,his or level of education the British
Dialogue: 0,0:20:13.03,0:20:16.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,began to appoint Africans to the
Dialogue: 0,0:20:16.50,0:20:19.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Assemblies in the respective colonies
Dialogue: 0,0:20:19.42,0:20:22.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so on but it was too late to buy
Dialogue: 0,0:20:22.48,0:20:25.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,loyalty to the Empire war had released a
Dialogue: 0,0:20:25.96,0:20:28.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,powerful genie from a bottle African
Dialogue: 0,0:20:28.87,0:20:32.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nationalism World War two was a turning
Dialogue: 0,0:20:32.14,0:20:34.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,point in terms of the relationship
Dialogue: 0,0:20:34.03,0:20:36.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between all the colonized people of
Dialogue: 0,0:20:36.49,0:20:41.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Africa Asia the Middle East and Europe
Dialogue: 0,0:20:41.73,0:20:48.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because World War two destroyed
Dialogue: 0,0:20:48.63,0:20:53.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,systematically the invincibility of the
Dialogue: 0,0:20:53.17,0:20:58.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Europeans they suddenly found that this
Dialogue: 0,0:20:58.60,0:21:01.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,white people who back home in Nigeria
Dialogue: 0,0:21:01.48,0:21:05.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they had sometimes they fight you know
Dialogue: 0,0:21:05.41,0:21:07.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they basically lived completely
Dialogue: 0,0:21:07.95,0:21:11.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unequaled unequal existences and
Dialogue: 0,0:21:11.26,0:21:13.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,suddenly they found him in places like
Dialogue: 0,0:21:13.18,0:21:15.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Burma but they were just human as anyone
Dialogue: 0,0:21:15.97,0:21:18.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,else they were brave there were cowards
Dialogue: 0,0:21:18.96,0:21:21.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they did everything any human being did
Dialogue: 0,0:21:21.88,0:21:25.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when they went back to Africa my
Dialogue: 0,0:21:25.99,0:21:27.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,father's generation quite a few of them
Dialogue: 0,0:21:27.91,0:21:30.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,became really politicized and
Dialogue: 0,0:21:30.59,0:21:34.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,two part in the struggle that ultimately
Dialogue: 0,0:21:34.43,0:21:37.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,culminated in independence Africans were
Dialogue: 0,0:21:37.82,0:21:40.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about to get a global platform for their
Dialogue: 0,0:21:40.28,0:21:44.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,struggle with the war's end in 1945 the
Dialogue: 0,0:21:44.39,0:21:47.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,world powers pledged never again in the
Dialogue: 0,0:21:47.48,0:21:50.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,form of the United Nations the new UN
Dialogue: 0,0:21:50.39,0:21:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Charter explicitly promised self
Dialogue: 0,0:21:53.00,0:21:55.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sovereignty with a committee dedicated
Dialogue: 0,0:21:55.52,0:21:58.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to hear the grievances of colonized
Dialogue: 0,0:21:58.22,0:22:02.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,peoples throughout the 1930s an economic
Dialogue: 0,0:22:02.21,0:22:04.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,depression had loomed over Europe and
Dialogue: 0,0:22:04.70,0:22:06.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the running costs of colonial
Dialogue: 0,0:22:06.86,0:22:09.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,administrations had soared since the
Dialogue: 0,0:22:09.32,0:22:12.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,start of the war at the same time
Dialogue: 0,0:22:12.02,0:22:15.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Europe's economic crisis devalued the
Dialogue: 0,0:22:15.02,0:22:18.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,prices of Africa's War Goods war-torn
Dialogue: 0,0:22:18.50,0:22:21.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,economies now buckled under the burden
Dialogue: 0,0:22:21.41,0:22:24.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of running colonies overseas the driver
Dialogue: 0,0:22:24.89,0:22:27.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of colonialism once again became a
Dialogue: 0,0:22:27.77,0:22:31.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,catalyst for change money Britain was
Dialogue: 0,0:22:31.61,0:22:34.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bankrupt after the Second World War and
Dialogue: 0,0:22:34.19,0:22:35.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it simply couldn't afford to go on
Dialogue: 0,0:22:35.87,0:22:38.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,running them my grandfather was then
Dialogue: 0,0:22:38.15,0:22:40.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,working in the Gold Coast and he was
Dialogue: 0,0:22:40.25,0:22:43.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sending rice and ground nuts back to his
Dialogue: 0,0:22:43.88,0:22:46.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,four sons in Britain and they write
Dialogue: 0,0:22:46.93,0:22:49.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pathetically grateful letters thank you
Dialogue: 0,0:22:49.16,0:22:51.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for sending us this food and I think the
Dialogue: 0,0:22:51.80,0:22:53.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,irony of that is amazing
Dialogue: 0,0:22:53.06,0:22:56.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Africa feeding very hungry Britain but
Dialogue: 0,0:22:56.63,0:22:59.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even as late as the 1950s many in Europe
Dialogue: 0,0:22:59.72,0:23:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,allowed themselves to believe the Empire
Dialogue: 0,0:23:02.00,0:23:05.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could endure
Dialogue: 0,0:23:07.73,0:23:10.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead the colonial powers were about
Dialogue: 0,0:23:10.41,0:23:13.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to discover that exposing their subjects
Dialogue: 0,0:23:13.08,0:23:15.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to world events had planted the seeds of
Dialogue: 0,0:23:15.63,0:23:29.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their own rapid downfall the European
Dialogue: 0,0:23:29.49,0:23:32.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being in the position of power had one
Dialogue: 0,0:23:32.25,0:23:33.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,yardstick
Dialogue: 0,0:23:33.21,0:23:36.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he didn't use anybody else's yardstick
Dialogue: 0,0:23:36.03,0:23:38.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,his yard stick was the yardstick but
Dialogue: 0,0:23:38.79,0:23:40.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what has happened and most Europeans
Dialogue: 0,0:23:40.53,0:23:44.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't realize it time has changed with
Dialogue: 0,0:23:44.61,0:23:47.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this new sense of dignity and this new
Dialogue: 0,0:23:47.04,0:23:49.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sense of self-respect a new Negro came
Dialogue: 0,0:23:49.89,0:23:52.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into being with a new determination to
Dialogue: 0,0:23:52.17,0:23:55.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,suffer to struggle to sacrifice and even
Dialogue: 0,0:23:55.71,0:23:58.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to die if necessary in order to be free
Dialogue: 0,0:23:58.97,0:24:02.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as the people in Africa and Asia get
Dialogue: 0,0:24:02.46,0:24:04.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some power of their own they get a mind
Dialogue: 0,0:24:04.77,0:24:07.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of their own the European yardstick now
Dialogue: 0,0:24:07.89,0:24:10.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,isn't necessarily the yard today the
Dialogue: 0,0:24:10.80,0:24:14.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Negro came to feel that he was somebody
Dialogue: 0,0:24:14.42,0:24:17.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,grace had emerged as the touchstone of
Dialogue: 0,0:24:17.49,0:24:21.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the post-war world by the 1950s colonial
Dialogue: 0,0:24:21.93,0:24:24.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,raw had produced an elite of African
Dialogue: 0,0:24:24.36,0:24:26.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nationalist intellectuals and behind
Dialogue: 0,0:24:26.82,0:24:29.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,them large urbanized and literate
Dialogue: 0,0:24:29.43,0:24:32.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,working classes
Dialogue: 0,0:24:33.10,0:24:35.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,together they witnessed the power of
Dialogue: 0,0:24:35.68,0:24:38.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nationalism in Egypt where Gamal Abdel
Dialogue: 0,0:24:38.89,0:24:41.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nasser expelled the British and in
Dialogue: 0,0:24:41.80,0:24:44.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Algeria where the resistance stood firm
Dialogue: 0,0:24:44.53,0:24:48.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in its war of liberation from France
Dialogue: 0,0:24:49.10,0:24:51.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the same time the presence of the
Dialogue: 0,0:24:51.71,0:24:54.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,United Nations the rise of the civil
Dialogue: 0,0:24:54.02,0:24:57.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rights movement in the United States and
Dialogue: 0,0:24:57.76,0:25:00.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the nascent anti-apartheid movement
Dialogue: 0,0:25:00.95,0:25:03.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,focused the lens of world scrutiny on
Dialogue: 0,0:25:03.83,0:25:07.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,black rights and spurred on colonized
Dialogue: 0,0:25:07.94,0:25:10.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Africans in their core for self
Dialogue: 0,0:25:10.46,0:25:12.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sovereignty
Dialogue: 0,0:25:12.43,0:25:15.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm happy to say that in accordance with
Dialogue: 0,0:25:15.07,0:25:18.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your wishes arrangements are now in
Dialogue: 0,0:25:18.82,0:25:21.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,progress
Dialogue: 0,0:25:22.25,0:25:26.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ghana is free in 1957 Ghana became the
Dialogue: 0,0:25:26.66,0:25:29.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,first sub-saharan state to be granted
Dialogue: 0,0:25:29.54,0:25:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,independence by transfer of power to
Dialogue: 0,0:25:32.00,0:25:34.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kwame Nkrumah widely considered the
Dialogue: 0,0:25:34.91,0:25:37.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,father of African nationalism
Dialogue: 0,0:25:37.16,0:25:40.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was impressed by the United States he
Dialogue: 0,0:25:40.58,0:25:43.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was a student here the more candid sums
Dialogue: 0,0:25:43.75,0:25:46.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,extraordinary said the church in
Dialogue: 0,0:25:46.34,0:25:49.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,colonies instead of each one becoming
Dialogue: 0,0:25:49.25,0:25:53.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,independent they came together created
Dialogue: 0,0:25:53.15,0:25:57.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Union power is in the Union that is
Dialogue: 0,0:25:57.74,0:25:58.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lucuma
Dialogue: 0,0:25:58.52,0:26:00.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,explained American Dream and American
Dialogue: 0,0:26:00.80,0:26:03.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,realization and so on so he dreamed for
Dialogue: 0,0:26:03.85,0:26:07.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something like that in Africa
Dialogue: 0,0:26:07.54,0:26:10.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and kuma had inspired others with his
Dialogue: 0,0:26:10.30,0:26:13.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,vision of a united states of Africa
Dialogue: 0,0:26:13.56,0:26:16.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,men like Leopold Singh you're in Senegal
Dialogue: 0,0:26:16.96,0:26:19.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Felix Hobart Wang Yi in Cote d'Ivoire
Dialogue: 0,0:26:19.30,0:26:23.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Jomo Kenyatta in Kenya men who had
Dialogue: 0,0:26:23.20,0:26:26.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,received colonial education with the
Dialogue: 0,0:26:26.38,0:26:28.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,idea of Empire increasingly unpalatable
Dialogue: 0,0:26:28.84,0:26:31.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the vote in public European
Dialogue: 0,0:26:31.63,0:26:34.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,government had little choice but to work
Dialogue: 0,0:26:34.15,0:26:37.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the Nationalists there was an
Dialogue: 0,0:26:37.48,0:26:39.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,indifference at this stage towards the
Dialogue: 0,0:26:39.85,0:26:42.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Empire towards the colonies and I found
Dialogue: 0,0:26:42.55,0:26:45.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that really rather depressing you know
Dialogue: 0,0:26:45.58,0:26:47.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'd start trying to talk about it in
Dialogue: 0,0:26:47.20,0:26:48.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the pub and people say oh I should have
Dialogue: 0,0:26:48.82,0:26:50.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,another drink or something
Dialogue: 0,0:26:50.08,0:26:52.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was just this this idea that that
Dialogue: 0,0:26:52.75,0:26:55.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,colonialism is is wrong and and needs to
Dialogue: 0,0:26:55.90,0:26:59.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,be got rid of the pressure for wholesale
Dialogue: 0,0:26:59.04,0:27:01.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,decolonization had been building ever
Dialogue: 0,0:27:01.69,0:27:04.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since the end of the Second World War
Dialogue: 0,0:27:04.06,0:27:07.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the tipping point came on Wednesday the
Dialogue: 0,0:27:07.06,0:27:14.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,3rd of February 1960 whether we like it
Dialogue: 0,0:27:14.74,0:27:22.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or not this growth British Prime
Dialogue: 0,0:27:22.24,0:27:24.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Minister Harold Macmillan delivered a
Dialogue: 0,0:27:24.85,0:27:27.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,warning shot to the whites of apartheid
Dialogue: 0,0:27:27.43,0:27:30.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,South Africa and a deathblow to the
Dialogue: 0,0:27:30.04,0:27:32.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,colonial venture across the continent
Dialogue: 0,0:27:32.41,0:27:38.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that signaled to my mind the idea that
Dialogue: 0,0:27:38.58,0:27:40.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Britain disapproved and the world
Dialogue: 0,0:27:40.75,0:27:44.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,disapproved of apartheid and the racism
Dialogue: 0,0:27:44.23,0:27:45.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of apartheid but it didn't necessarily
Dialogue: 0,0:27:45.94,0:27:48.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mean that we were giving up on our role
Dialogue: 0,0:27:48.97,0:27:50.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Africa I didn't think so
Dialogue: 0,0:27:50.53,0:27:53.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in fact within 10 months of the wind of
Dialogue: 0,0:27:53.32,0:27:55.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,change speech Britain had surrendered to
Dialogue: 0,0:27:55.99,0:27:57.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,keep African
Dialogue: 0,0:27:57.12,0:28:00.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trees France 14 the rate of the
Dialogue: 0,0:28:00.90,0:28:03.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,colonization when it arrived was
Dialogue: 0,0:28:03.24,0:28:04.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,breathtaking
Dialogue: 0,0:28:04.46,0:28:08.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many were freed without bloodshed 1960
Dialogue: 0,0:28:08.76,0:28:12.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was held the year of Africa and hurried
Dialogue: 0,0:28:12.36,0:28:14.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,withdrawals of the colonial powers
Dialogue: 0,0:28:14.28,0:28:16.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,continued into the next three decades
Dialogue: 0,0:28:16.95,0:28:21.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the transference power did not indicate
Dialogue: 0,0:28:21.42,0:28:24.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the Europeans suddenly realized
Dialogue: 0,0:28:24.48,0:28:26.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that well it's time to give independence
Dialogue: 0,0:28:26.91,0:28:30.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the natives of Africa Asia no it is
Dialogue: 0,0:28:30.57,0:28:33.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in view of the possibility of
Dialogue: 0,0:28:33.27,0:28:38.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,large-scale war to sub-saharan Africa
Dialogue: 0,0:28:38.07,0:28:40.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the first understood that was
Dialogue: 0,0:28:40.80,0:28:43.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,better to prepare to negotiate with
Dialogue: 0,0:28:43.89,0:28:44.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nationalists
Dialogue: 0,0:28:44.94,0:28:47.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and hence you have the liberation
Dialogue: 0,0:28:47.19,0:28:49.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,movement
Dialogue: 0,0:28:49.73,0:28:52.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will you go back to the Congo one day no
Dialogue: 0,0:28:52.55,0:28:55.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,never do you think that it's finished
Dialogue: 0,0:28:55.16,0:28:57.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the Europeans in the Congo yes I
Dialogue: 0,0:28:57.98,0:29:00.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,think so but no sooner had African
Dialogue: 0,0:29:00.92,0:29:03.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nations escaped the shackles of
Dialogue: 0,0:29:03.02,0:29:05.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,colonialism then a new battle for the
Dialogue: 0,0:29:05.90,0:29:09.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,continent was underway the cold war
Dialogue: 0,0:29:09.61,0:29:12.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,back when the colonial idea had Europe's
Dialogue: 0,0:29:12.65,0:29:15.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,politicians spellbound the Communists
Dialogue: 0,0:29:15.32,0:29:17.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had opposed it and throughout their
Dialogue: 0,0:29:17.48,0:29:19.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,years of struggle African nationalists
Dialogue: 0,0:29:19.79,0:29:22.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had found a powerful friend in the
Dialogue: 0,0:29:22.43,0:29:25.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Soviet Union these two great powers
Dialogue: 0,0:29:25.67,0:29:28.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,America and Russia begin to carve up the
Dialogue: 0,0:29:28.79,0:29:30.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,world between them independence
Dialogue: 0,0:29:30.47,0:29:33.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,coincided with the Cold War where it
Dialogue: 0,0:29:33.56,0:29:36.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mattered whose side the president was in
Dialogue: 0,0:29:36.14,0:29:38.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,terms of this global struggle between
Dialogue: 0,0:29:38.45,0:29:41.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Russia and America and they both tried
Dialogue: 0,0:29:41.90,0:29:44.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to organize coos to get there their
Dialogue: 0,0:29:44.21,0:29:46.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people in and this was very
Dialogue: 0,0:29:46.40,0:29:49.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,destabilizing the congos Patrice Lumumba
Dialogue: 0,0:29:49.70,0:29:52.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was a hard-line nationalist labeled a
Dialogue: 0,0:29:52.97,0:29:56.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,communist by America his game of Russian
Dialogue: 0,0:29:56.21,0:29:58.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Roulette appear to have paid off when in
Dialogue: 0,0:29:58.73,0:30:01.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1960 he oversaw the handover of
Dialogue: 0,0:30:01.88,0:30:05.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sovereignty from Belgium he was to
Dialogue: 0,0:30:05.39,0:30:08.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,become victim or their position between
Dialogue: 0,0:30:08.48,0:30:11.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the west and east between the bloc
Dialogue: 0,0:30:11.09,0:30:13.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Soviet bloc and Americans because
Dialogue: 0,0:30:13.88,0:30:16.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,militia leaders with control of the
Dialogue: 0,0:30:16.40,0:30:19.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mineral-rich Katanga province refused to
Dialogue: 0,0:30:19.19,0:30:21.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,be swallowed up in a wider Republic led
Dialogue: 0,0:30:21.89,0:30:25.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by a Soviet backed Lumumba fearing their
Dialogue: 0,0:30:25.13,0:30:28.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,own material losses the US and Belgium
Dialogue: 0,0:30:28.28,0:30:31.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,supported them rebels and just three
Dialogue: 0,0:30:31.19,0:30:32.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,weeks after bringing the country into
Dialogue: 0,0:30:32.84,0:30:35.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,independence Lumumba was captured by the
Dialogue: 0,0:30:35.45,0:30:36.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Katanga
Dialogue: 0,0:30:36.37,0:30:40.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tortured and killed Terry Buchanan
Dialogue: 0,0:30:40.20,0:30:43.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,imaginary figures not for what it did
Dialogue: 0,0:30:43.39,0:30:46.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but for what he could represent remember
Dialogue: 0,0:30:46.48,0:30:48.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,suffered more indignities including
Dialogue: 0,0:30:48.34,0:30:50.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being forced to eat a speech which he
Dialogue: 0,0:30:50.44,0:30:52.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,restated his claim to be the Congo is
Dialogue: 0,0:30:52.18,0:30:55.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rightful premier cobblers riches
Dialogue: 0,0:30:55.48,0:30:58.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,combined with global geopolitics had
Dialogue: 0,0:30:58.21,0:31:02.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,again proven a disastrous mix and with
Dialogue: 0,0:31:02.08,0:31:04.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,freedom from overt colonial exploitation
Dialogue: 0,0:31:04.35,0:31:07.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the scramble for resources was driven
Dialogue: 0,0:31:07.27,0:31:10.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,underground for a fleeting moment the
Dialogue: 0,0:31:10.96,0:31:12.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lumumba affair raised the questions of
Dialogue: 0,0:31:12.94,0:31:16.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what in Africa would replace the strong
Dialogue: 0,0:31:16.24,0:31:18.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,arm of colonial rule and where the
Dialogue: 0,0:31:18.85,0:31:21.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,national unity was achievable with
Dialogue: 0,0:31:21.49,0:31:23.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hostilities bubbling beneath the surface
Dialogue: 0,0:31:23.55,0:31:26.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in the excitement of independence
Dialogue: 0,0:31:26.35,0:31:28.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this was quickly forgotten
Dialogue: 0,0:31:28.45,0:31:30.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I suppose one of the ironies is that the
Dialogue: 0,0:31:30.70,0:31:34.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,European countries that were democratic
Dialogue: 0,0:31:34.56,0:31:37.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,didn't really introduce much democracy
Dialogue: 0,0:31:37.15,0:31:39.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to Africa so when independence comes and
Dialogue: 0,0:31:39.46,0:31:41.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people can vote many of these countries
Dialogue: 0,0:31:41.92,0:31:45.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then politically exploded all sorts of
Dialogue: 0,0:31:45.52,0:31:46.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,political problems that have been
Dialogue: 0,0:31:46.72,0:31:49.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,suppressed by colonial imperial rule
Dialogue: 0,0:31:49.39,0:31:52.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then burst out and many of them like in
Dialogue: 0,0:31:52.81,0:31:55.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Congo practically tore the countries to
Dialogue: 0,0:31:55.66,0:31:58.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pieces I think it was a very unplanned
Dialogue: 0,0:31:58.27,0:32:02.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thing frankly and it was only in the
Dialogue: 0,0:32:02.80,0:32:05.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,last year and a half or so before
Dialogue: 0,0:32:05.26,0:32:08.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,independence that all of a sudden with
Dialogue: 0,0:32:08.92,0:32:12.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,independence looming we started to have
Dialogue: 0,0:32:12.97,0:32:16.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,accelerated programs to divert to to
Dialogue: 0,0:32:16.87,0:32:20.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,train locals that that wasn't enough so
Dialogue: 0,0:32:20.29,0:32:23.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the end we handed over to a country
Dialogue: 0,0:32:23.14,0:32:25.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was not properly prepared for
Dialogue: 0,0:32:25.42,0:32:27.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,independence I think that we would have
Dialogue: 0,0:32:27.46,0:32:30.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,done Africa a lot of good by staying and
Dialogue: 0,0:32:30.10,0:32:32.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,preparing flat out
Dialogue: 0,0:32:32.65,0:32:34.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,another five or six years but the
Dialogue: 0,0:32:34.96,0:32:37.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Africans everywhere decolonization
Dialogue: 0,0:32:37.69,0:32:40.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,couldn't happen fast enough for that
Dialogue: 0,0:32:40.48,0:32:43.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,generation of Nigerians it was just a
Dialogue: 0,0:32:43.15,0:32:47.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,feeling of complete euphoria of triumph
Dialogue: 0,0:32:47.46,0:32:52.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of total confidence in the future of
Dialogue: 0,0:32:52.53,0:32:55.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nigeria they really believed that
Dialogue: 0,0:32:55.96,0:32:59.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nigeria was and all of Africa I mean
Dialogue: 0,0:32:59.41,0:33:02.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there were pan Africans they believed
Dialogue: 0,0:33:02.08,0:33:04.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very much in the idea that the whole of
Dialogue: 0,0:33:04.57,0:33:10.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Africa was going to rise from from the
Dialogue: 0,0:33:10.42,0:33:13.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shackles of the past dream big dream big
Dialogue: 0,0:33:13.81,0:33:16.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hope people thought that independence
Dialogue: 0,0:33:16.69,0:33:19.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will bring about the solution to many
Dialogue: 0,0:33:19.69,0:33:25.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,problems so it was very romantic
Dialogue: 0,0:33:25.59,0:33:29.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the real celebration of independence
Dialogue: 0,0:33:29.76,0:33:34.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dances big projects that euphoria
Dialogue: 0,0:33:34.24,0:33:37.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wouldn't last
Dialogue: 0,0:33:51.54,0:33:53.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think the sixties were very violent
Dialogue: 0,0:33:53.25,0:33:56.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,decade and so the definition euphoria
Dialogue: 0,0:33:56.36,0:33:58.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,disappeared very very quickly within a
Dialogue: 0,0:33:58.89,0:34:02.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,year maybe two years and then from 62 to
Dialogue: 0,0:34:02.81,0:34:07.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1970 it was just one incident of
Dialogue: 0,0:34:07.11,0:34:11.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,violence of carnage after another it
Dialogue: 0,0:34:11.25,0:34:13.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,faded when the military began to seize
Dialogue: 0,0:34:13.35,0:34:17.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,power and military are not leaders there
Dialogue: 0,0:34:17.40,0:34:20.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are not political figures the only our
Dialogue: 0,0:34:20.19,0:34:22.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,specialize in what in the use of the
Dialogue: 0,0:34:22.86,0:34:25.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,weapon and so on they have no political
Dialogue: 0,0:34:25.73,0:34:29.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mission except mental the security or
Dialogue: 0,0:34:29.19,0:34:32.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the country and so on so you have the
Dialogue: 0,0:34:32.07,0:34:35.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,becoming of new leadership for whom
Dialogue: 0,0:34:35.01,0:34:39.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nobody voted that was a terrible fact
Dialogue: 0,0:34:39.44,0:34:42.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many newly sovereign states of Africa
Dialogue: 0,0:34:42.27,0:34:44.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,left with the legacies of occupation and
Dialogue: 0,0:34:44.91,0:34:47.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the challenges of State Building was
Dialogue: 0,0:34:47.19,0:34:50.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,soon consumed by bitter power struggles
Dialogue: 0,0:34:50.39,0:34:54.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in many places militiamen over ran the
Dialogue: 0,0:34:54.78,0:34:57.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nationalists of thinkers within the
Dialogue: 0,0:34:57.12,0:34:59.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,first 20 years of Independence there
Dialogue: 0,0:34:59.37,0:35:02.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were 40 successful to's a many more
Dialogue: 0,0:35:02.34,0:35:04.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,failed one
Dialogue: 0,0:35:04.04,0:35:06.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,former British territories were torn
Dialogue: 0,0:35:06.63,0:35:09.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,apart by ethnic conflict as the dark
Dialogue: 0,0:35:09.87,0:35:12.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,side of ruling by proxy gradually came
Dialogue: 0,0:35:12.90,0:35:15.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to light one of the problems with
Dialogue: 0,0:35:15.27,0:35:17.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,independence when it came was that the
Dialogue: 0,0:35:17.79,0:35:20.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,colonial powers hadn't ruled Nigeria
Dialogue: 0,0:35:20.99,0:35:23.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nigerians as Nigerians they ruled the
Dialogue: 0,0:35:23.70,0:35:25.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most hauser people or your other people
Dialogue: 0,0:35:25.59,0:35:28.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or ebo people have been Kenyans as
Dialogue: 0,0:35:28.38,0:35:30.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kenyans but as Kikuyu or newer people
Dialogue: 0,0:35:30.75,0:35:33.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and suddenly they all had to be Kenyans
Dialogue: 0,0:35:33.77,0:35:37.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nigerians and very quickly the
Dialogue: 0,0:35:37.44,0:35:39.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,politicians naturally looked to their
Dialogue: 0,0:35:39.60,0:35:41.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,own people for their political power
Dialogue: 0,0:35:41.52,0:35:44.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,base and they and politics became very
Dialogue: 0,0:35:44.97,0:35:48.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ethne sized in the 30 years which
Dialogue: 0,0:35:48.51,0:35:50.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,followed the year of africa two billion
Dialogue: 0,0:35:50.88,0:35:52.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people are thought to have died in
Dialogue: 0,0:35:52.92,0:35:55.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ethnic violence in X British colonies
Dialogue: 0,0:35:55.62,0:35:58.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,alone in the case Nigeria basically when
Dialogue: 0,0:35:58.95,0:36:05.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the British left in 1960 they they they
Dialogue: 0,0:36:05.07,0:36:09.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,left a political class that was already
Dialogue: 0,0:36:09.12,0:36:10.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even at that point divided against
Dialogue: 0,0:36:10.92,0:36:14.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,itself they had a system where the
Dialogue: 0,0:36:14.28,0:36:19.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chiefs and the Kings run things and just
Dialogue: 0,0:36:19.95,0:36:23.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reported to the district officers in
Dialogue: 0,0:36:23.13,0:36:25.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,western Nigeria as a result of the in
Dialogue: 0,0:36:25.35,0:36:27.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this encounter schools were built
Dialogue: 0,0:36:27.45,0:36:31.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,churches were built and very quickly and
Dialogue: 0,0:36:31.17,0:36:36.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,elites and educated elites emerged in
Dialogue: 0,0:36:36.09,0:36:39.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the north again with the same system the
Dialogue: 0,0:36:39.81,0:36:42.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Chiefs and the King said okay we
Dialogue: 0,0:36:42.84,0:36:45.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,accepts you as a colonial power but can
Dialogue: 0,0:36:45.78,0:36:48.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you just step you know to stay out of
Dialogue: 0,0:36:48.48,0:36:51.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our business of things and and so they I
Dialogue: 0,0:36:51.45,0:36:54.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mean most parts of the north they would
Dialogue: 0,0:36:54.36,0:36:55.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not allow
Dialogue: 0,0:36:55.64,0:36:59.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,churches and schools to be built the
Dialogue: 0,0:36:59.19,0:37:00.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,consequence of that about hundred years
Dialogue: 0,0:37:00.99,0:37:03.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,later was that there was an imbalance
Dialogue: 0,0:37:03.54,0:37:07.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between the north and south and then
Dialogue: 0,0:37:07.01,0:37:13.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ended up in a civil war but elsewhere
Dialogue: 0,0:37:13.26,0:37:15.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the problem wasn't the rate of
Dialogue: 0,0:37:15.41,0:37:17.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,decolonization but the lack of it
Dialogue: 0,0:37:17.82,0:37:21.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,France redefined its relationship with
Dialogue: 0,0:37:21.15,0:37:23.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,its African colonies to become the
Dialogue: 0,0:37:23.49,0:37:27.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unseen hand in national affairs quietly
Dialogue: 0,0:37:27.51,0:37:30.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,French control was going underground the
Dialogue: 0,0:37:30.90,0:37:32.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,French never really left when at
Dialogue: 0,0:37:32.73,0:37:35.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,independence behind for many years
Dialogue: 0,0:37:35.37,0:37:37.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,afterwards you go to a ministry in
Dialogue: 0,0:37:37.95,0:37:40.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,francophone Africa there would you would
Dialogue: 0,0:37:40.05,0:37:41.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,talk to the minister would be African
Dialogue: 0,0:37:41.64,0:37:43.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,behind the door there would be a
Dialogue: 0,0:37:43.68,0:37:46.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Frenchman signing the checks doing the
Dialogue: 0,0:37:46.29,0:37:49.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,accounts reporting to Paris in 2006
Dialogue: 0,0:37:49.47,0:37:52.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,President Sarkozy promised a cleanup of
Dialogue: 0,0:37:52.68,0:37:56.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the French foothold in Africa no more
Dialogue: 0,0:37:56.13,0:38:00.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,secrets real independence
Dialogue: 0,0:38:06.91,0:38:09.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but Bastille Day celebrations in Paris
Dialogue: 0,0:38:09.89,0:38:12.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this year sent a clear message that they
Dialogue: 0,0:38:12.98,0:38:15.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,remain as closely interested in the
Dialogue: 0,0:38:15.53,0:38:19.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,continents affairs as they ever were
Dialogue: 0,0:38:19.15,0:38:22.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ever since independence domination of
Dialogue: 0,0:38:22.88,0:38:25.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,resources has continued to fuel violence
Dialogue: 0,0:38:25.55,0:38:28.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in many states with former Belgian Congo
Dialogue: 0,0:38:28.61,0:38:31.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,still seemingly locked in a vicious
Dialogue: 0,0:38:31.46,0:38:34.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cycle of conflict over its mine
Dialogue: 0,0:38:34.67,0:38:37.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,African rulers foreign multinationals
Dialogue: 0,0:38:37.52,0:38:40.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and governments have continued to strike
Dialogue: 0,0:38:40.34,0:38:43.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,deals to plunder commodities and help
Dialogue: 0,0:38:43.73,0:38:46.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,national economies already set
Dialogue: 0,0:38:46.46,0:38:49.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,back by the colonial experience as well
Dialogue: 0,0:38:49.73,0:38:51.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the 19th century the Europeans just
Dialogue: 0,0:38:51.71,0:38:54.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,went in enslaved people forced them to
Dialogue: 0,0:38:54.41,0:38:57.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dig and and took it all for themselves I
Dialogue: 0,0:38:57.83,0:38:59.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,think these days there's a complicity
Dialogue: 0,0:38:59.96,0:39:03.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between the the rulers of Africa and
Dialogue: 0,0:39:03.46,0:39:06.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Western companies or middlemen mines in
Dialogue: 0,0:39:06.92,0:39:11.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whichever country you're talking about
Dialogue: 0,0:39:11.05,0:39:15.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,needed somebody to bring in the the
Dialogue: 0,0:39:15.41,0:39:18.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,personnel and the equipment to dig out
Dialogue: 0,0:39:18.53,0:39:21.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the minerals to employ people to
Dialogue: 0,0:39:21.44,0:39:23.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,continue to dig out the minerals to
Dialogue: 0,0:39:23.81,0:39:26.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maintain the place outside investment
Dialogue: 0,0:39:26.57,0:39:30.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then as now is terribly important
Dialogue: 0,0:39:30.87,0:39:33.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the continuing diversion of minerals
Dialogue: 0,0:39:33.45,0:39:36.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,isn't the only exploitative practice
Dialogue: 0,0:39:36.36,0:39:39.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,today Africa is the largest recipient of
Dialogue: 0,0:39:39.87,0:39:42.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,external aid in the world a continent
Dialogue: 0,0:39:42.78,0:39:45.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where half the population survive on
Dialogue: 0,0:39:45.15,0:39:47.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,less than a dollar a day but for every
Dialogue: 0,0:39:47.97,0:39:50.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,$1 coming in ten dollars are lost
Dialogue: 0,0:39:50.85,0:39:56.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through illegal capital heading out 437
Dialogue: 0,0:39:56.16,0:40:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,billion dollars has left Africa between
Dialogue: 0,0:40:00.00,0:40:02.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,two thousand and two thousand and two
Dialogue: 0,0:40:02.76,0:40:04.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thousand and eight lefted illicitly
Dialogue: 0,0:40:04.92,0:40:09.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,secretly illegally and much of that has
Dialogue: 0,0:40:09.54,0:40:13.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,flowed into tax havens owned by European
Dialogue: 0,0:40:13.47,0:40:18.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,countries Britain particularly and so
Dialogue: 0,0:40:18.03,0:40:20.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ordinary people of Africa haven't
Dialogue: 0,0:40:20.37,0:40:22.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,benefited from these this last decade
Dialogue: 0,0:40:22.56,0:40:25.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which has been a very good decade for
Dialogue: 0,0:40:25.71,0:40:29.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Africa economically but you when you go
Dialogue: 0,0:40:29.10,0:40:31.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there you still see people as poor as
Dialogue: 0,0:40:31.26,0:40:34.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ever under a shadow financial system
Dialogue: 0,0:40:34.47,0:40:36.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,built on the ruins of colonialism
Dialogue: 0,0:40:36.78,0:40:39.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,foreign banks and multinationals working
Dialogue: 0,0:40:39.84,0:40:43.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Africa avoid paying tax anonymous
Dialogue: 0,0:40:43.17,0:40:46.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trust accounts fake foundations money
Dialogue: 0,0:40:46.53,0:40:49.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,laundering tax havens and trade
Dialogue: 0,0:40:49.23,0:40:54.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mispricing all go unchecked since 1970
Dialogue: 0,0:40:54.27,0:40:57.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an estimated eight hundred and fifty
Dialogue: 0,0:40:57.39,0:41:00.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,four billion dollars has been lost
Dialogue: 0,0:41:00.32,0:41:03.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,enough to have wiped out external debt
Dialogue: 0,0:41:03.54,0:41:07.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and have left six hundred billion more
Dialogue: 0,0:41:07.11,0:41:10.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for development the financial rewards
Dialogue: 0,0:41:10.14,0:41:11.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can be traced back to those countries
Dialogue: 0,0:41:11.87,0:41:15.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,proudly bailing out a dependent Africa
Dialogue: 0,0:41:15.06,0:41:18.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with aid a striking parallel to the
Dialogue: 0,0:41:18.21,0:41:22.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,colonial story also echoing the past
Dialogue: 0,0:41:22.26,0:41:25.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,China is entering the scene once
Dialogue: 0,0:41:25.23,0:41:28.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,monopolized by Europe opening up options
Dialogue: 0,0:41:28.20,0:41:30.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for African commerce
Dialogue: 0,0:41:30.31,0:41:32.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the process of decolonisation is still
Dialogue: 0,0:41:32.71,0:41:35.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unfolding it's quite interesting that
Dialogue: 0,0:41:35.14,0:41:37.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,China has now come into the scenario
Dialogue: 0,0:41:37.60,0:41:43.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,vine for contracts and for rights to
Dialogue: 0,0:41:43.83,0:41:47.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,exploit natural resources with European
Dialogue: 0,0:41:47.23,0:41:49.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,countries it's China's demand for
Dialogue: 0,0:41:49.21,0:41:50.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,African resources which has pushed their
Dialogue: 0,0:41:50.98,0:41:53.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,prices globally that's actually been
Dialogue: 0,0:41:53.20,0:41:56.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very good for Africa but whether African
Dialogue: 0,0:41:56.19,0:41:58.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,governments are really taking the best
Dialogue: 0,0:41:58.63,0:42:01.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,advantage of this one-off opportunity to
Dialogue: 0,0:42:01.81,0:42:06.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sell their what's under their soil is
Dialogue: 0,0:42:06.31,0:42:09.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not sure I do the jury's out this is
Dialogue: 0,0:42:09.19,0:42:10.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the moment to build the infrastructure
Dialogue: 0,0:42:10.90,0:42:14.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to educate people bring health to their
Dialogue: 0,0:42:14.77,0:42:18.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people and I'm not sure that that is
Dialogue: 0,0:42:18.16,0:42:21.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being done as effectively as it might be
Dialogue: 0,0:42:22.86,0:42:25.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,United States of Africa may never have
Dialogue: 0,0:42:25.99,0:42:29.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,materialized Africa today does have
Dialogue: 0,0:42:29.11,0:42:31.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,success stories like Botswana where
Dialogue: 0,0:42:31.87,0:42:34.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,diamond revenues of finance development
Dialogue: 0,0:42:34.12,0:42:36.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,under a multi-party government and
Dialogue: 0,0:42:36.75,0:42:40.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Senegal were democracy stability and
Dialogue: 0,0:42:40.09,0:42:42.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,civil liberties have characterized the
Dialogue: 0,0:42:42.79,0:42:45.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,past 50 years of self-rule I think we
Dialogue: 0,0:42:45.88,0:42:48.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can be very confident about the future
Dialogue: 0,0:42:48.46,0:42:53.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Africa Africa espouses education it
Dialogue: 0,0:42:53.14,0:42:58.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just supposes modernity it is also
Dialogue: 0,0:42:58.42,0:43:01.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,becoming more and more democratic we
Dialogue: 0,0:43:01.54,0:43:04.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have not just the natural resources but
Dialogue: 0,0:43:04.66,0:43:08.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the intellectual resources strength of
Dialogue: 0,0:43:08.02,0:43:11.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,character I believe a lot in the the the
Dialogue: 0,0:43:11.02,0:43:13.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,new professional classes these are not
Dialogue: 0,0:43:13.12,0:43:16.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the elites who have robbed Africa these
Dialogue: 0,0:43:16.24,0:43:19.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are world-class professionals they've
Dialogue: 0,0:43:19.51,0:43:21.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,got an uphill struggle but I think
Dialogue: 0,0:43:21.22,0:43:24.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Africa may have turned the corner
Dialogue: 0,0:43:24.78,0:43:27.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the days of empire or nationhood
Dialogue: 0,0:43:27.78,0:43:30.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for over a century now the world's
Dialogue: 0,0:43:30.84,0:43:33.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,relationship with Africa has been built
Dialogue: 0,0:43:33.15,0:43:36.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on disparity Africa's wealth has helped
Dialogue: 0,0:43:36.69,0:43:40.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bankroll the giant strides in technology
Dialogue: 0,0:43:40.22,0:43:42.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,communications and business made
Dialogue: 0,0:43:42.75,0:43:45.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,elsewhere but by safeguarding natural
Dialogue: 0,0:43:45.78,0:43:48.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,riches prioritizing national interests
Dialogue: 0,0:43:48.84,0:43:50.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we trade and development done on
Dialogue: 0,0:43:50.91,0:43:53.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,equal terms there's a chance the coming
Dialogue: 0,0:43:53.70,0:43:56.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,50 years could break the cycles of the
Dialogue: 0,0:43:56.46,0:43:59.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,past and finally bring real independence
Dialogue: 0,0:43:59.87,0:44:02.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we shall not make colonialism
Dialogue: 0,0:44:02.61,0:44:05.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,responsible of everything bad in Africa
Dialogue: 0,0:44:05.40,0:44:09.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after all for 50 years some of this
Dialogue: 0,0:44:09.06,0:44:11.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,country have been independent now I will
Dialogue: 0,0:44:11.40,0:44:13.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,agree with you the story on that 50
Dialogue: 0,0:44:13.32,0:44:15.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,years are not long enough but 15 years
Dialogue: 0,0:44:15.78,0:44:19.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not began to see clear where to go we
Dialogue: 0,0:44:19.92,0:44:24.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have to insist on the responsibility of
Dialogue: 0,0:44:24.21,0:44:28.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the African leadership also the natural
Dialogue: 0,0:44:28.98,0:44:32.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bounty is given by natural and God
Dialogue: 0,0:44:32.45,0:44:37.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead of being acres may well become a
Dialogue: 0,0:44:37.98,0:44:42.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,new opportunity for better tomorrow
Dialogue: 0,0:44:42.56,0:44:46.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,democracy transparency great respect in
Dialogue: 0,0:44:46.59,0:44:48.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the law