WEBVTT 00:00:00.371 --> 00:00:01.927 史:諗返我研究生第一年 00:00:01.927 --> 00:00:05.931 當時我攤喺床,食好多班傑利雪糕 00:00:05.931 --> 00:00:07.921 睇無聊電視 00:00:07.921 --> 00:00:11.142 或者聽 Taylor Swift 嘅歌 00:00:11.142 --> 00:00:12.883 嗰時我啱啱分咗手 00:00:12.883 --> 00:00:14.330 (笑聲) 00:00:14.330 --> 00:00:16.526 所以,第一次長時間 00:00:16.526 --> 00:00:20.342 我喺度不斷回憶關於呢個人 00:00:20.342 --> 00:00:25.415 我希望能夠擺脫呢種自我苦惱 內臟似俾掏空一樣嘅感覺 NOTE Paragraph 00:00:25.415 --> 00:00:27.651 宜家,我係神經生物學家 00:00:27.651 --> 00:00:33.193 因此我知道對舊情人嘅記憶 同記憶中唔舒服嘅感覺 00:00:33.193 --> 00:00:35.827 大部分係由兩個唔同嘅腦部系統所介導 00:00:35.827 --> 00:00:38.192 所以,我喺度諗 如果我哋可以進入大腦 00:00:38.192 --> 00:00:40.282 剪走嗰種令人作嘔嘅感覺 00:00:40.282 --> 00:00:42.542 但仍然保持對舊情人嘅完整記憶 00:00:42.542 --> 00:00:43.402 咁會點? 00:00:43.402 --> 00:00:45.663 然後我認識到,呢個諗法 目前嚟講仲係做唔到 00:00:45.663 --> 00:00:51.086 咁我哋係咪可以 由進入大腦、尋找單一記憶著手? 00:00:51.089 --> 00:00:53.603 我哋可唔可以將記憶帶返嚟現實生活 00:00:53.603 --> 00:00:56.511 甚至操作記憶? NOTE Paragraph 00:00:57.471 --> 00:00:58.390 但到呢一刻 00:00:58.390 --> 00:01:01.755 我真心希望一個人冇睇到呢場演講 NOTE Paragraph 00:01:01.755 --> 00:01:05.696 (笑聲) NOTE Paragraph 00:01:05.696 --> 00:01:08.985 所以大家要留意返 00:01:08.985 --> 00:01:12.063 呢啲諗法或者令你哋諗起 電影《全面回憶》 00:01:12.063 --> 00:01:13.747 《暖暖內含光》 00:01:13.747 --> 00:01:15.050 或者《盜夢空間》 00:01:15.050 --> 00:01:18.416 但同我哋實驗室合作嘅明星 位位都係星光熠熠 NOTE Paragraph 00:01:18.416 --> 00:01:20.409 劉:佢哋就係實驗室老鼠 NOTE Paragraph 00:01:20.409 --> 00:01:21.597 (笑聲) NOTE Paragraph 00:01:21.597 --> 00:01:23.061 身為神經生物學家 00:01:23.061 --> 00:01:28.161 我哋喺實驗室用老鼠 睇下記憶點樣運作 00:01:28.161 --> 00:01:30.730 今日,我哋希望令你相信 00:01:30.730 --> 00:01:36.006 宜家我哋能夠以光速啟動大腦嘅記憶 00:01:36.006 --> 00:01:37.196 為咗令你哋相信 00:01:37.196 --> 00:01:39.222 你哋只需要簡單做兩樣嘢 00:01:39.222 --> 00:01:42.732 首先,你要搵同埋標記 大腦裏邊嘅一個記憶 00:01:42.732 --> 00:01:46.362 然後用開關激活個記憶 00:01:46.362 --> 00:01:47.807 就係咁簡單 00:01:47.807 --> 00:01:49.629 (笑聲) NOTE Paragraph 00:01:49.629 --> 00:01:51.474 史︰你哋信未? 00:01:51.474 --> 00:01:54.945 實際上喺大腦裏面搵一個記憶 並唔係咁容易 NOTE Paragraph 00:01:54.945 --> 00:01:55.918 劉︰冇錯 00:01:55.918 --> 00:02:00.402 呢樣比喺禾稈裏面搵一支針仲難 00:02:00.402 --> 00:02:05.501 因為至少支針你哋仲可以實在咁掂到 00:02:05.501 --> 00:02:07.468 但記憶唔係 00:02:07.468 --> 00:02:15.586 而且,大腦裏面嘅細胞數量 多過禾稈裡面嘅雜草數目 00:02:15.586 --> 00:02:18.451 的確,個項目睇起嚟幾令人心灰意冷 00:02:18.451 --> 00:02:22.131 但係幸運嘅係 我哋由大腦自身獲得幫助 00:02:22.131 --> 00:02:26.575 所以我哋要做嘅就只係 畀大腦形成一個記憶 00:02:26.578 --> 00:02:32.198 然後大腦會話畀我哋聽 邊啲細胞參與形成記憶 NOTE Paragraph 00:02:32.198 --> 00:02:34.531 史︰咁當我諗返前度嘅時候 00:02:34.531 --> 00:02:36.625 大腦會有咩變化? 00:02:36.625 --> 00:02:40.687 如果你唔講人道主義,將我嘅大腦切片 00:02:40.695 --> 00:02:42.713 你會發現當我諗返前度時 00:02:42.713 --> 00:02:45.891 有非常多嘅大腦區域會被刺激 00:02:45.891 --> 00:02:50.823 而其中一個強烈活躍嘅區域係海馬體 00:02:50.823 --> 00:02:55.675 一個幾十年嚟被認為 會處理近期同親切記憶嘅區域 00:02:55.681 --> 00:03:01.065 所以佢都係一個理想地方 畀人可以進入、尋找同啟動記憶 NOTE Paragraph 00:03:01.065 --> 00:03:03.434 劉︰當你令用顯微鏡觀察海馬體 00:03:03.434 --> 00:03:05.782 唔單止會見到好多細胞 00:03:05.782 --> 00:03:10.303 我哋仲能夠搵到 嗰啲參與某個記憶嘅細胞 00:03:10.303 --> 00:03:12.907 因為當細胞活動時 00:03:12.907 --> 00:03:15.341 例如當細胞建立某種記憶時 00:03:15.341 --> 00:03:17.458 細胞會留低痕跡 00:03:17.458 --> 00:03:20.830 我哋就可以透過痕跡 知道最近邊啲細胞啟動過 NOTE Paragraph 00:03:20.830 --> 00:03:23.520 史︰呢樣就好似夜晚寫字樓著咗燈 00:03:23.520 --> 00:03:25.938 你會知道有人做緊嘢 00:03:25.938 --> 00:03:28.238 同樣細胞都有咁嘅燈 00:03:28.238 --> 00:03:29.936 不過叫生物感應器 00:03:29.936 --> 00:03:33.340 當細胞做緊嘢嘅時候,生物感應器會著 00:03:33.340 --> 00:03:37.191 生物感應器就好似盞燈一樣 畀我哋知道細胞活動 NOTE Paragraph 00:03:37.191 --> 00:03:43.148 劉︰所以我哋將生物感應器 連接到開關,控制呢啲細胞 00:03:43.148 --> 00:03:47.045 我哋將呢個開關擺喺 一個改造過嘅病毒裏面 00:03:47.045 --> 00:03:49.633 將病毒注入老鼠大腦 00:03:49.633 --> 00:03:52.267 於是當一個記憶形成嗰陣 00:03:52.267 --> 00:03:57.405 任何參與在內嘅細胞 都會裝上呢個開關 NOTE Paragraph 00:03:57.405 --> 00:04:01.842 史︰例如,呢個就係海馬體 建立咗一個恐懼記憶之後嘅樣 00:04:01.842 --> 00:04:05.922 呢張相藍色部分就係密集嘅腦細胞 00:04:05.922 --> 00:04:11.409 而呢啲綠色嘅腦細胞 就係參與形成恐懼記憶 00:04:11.409 --> 00:04:15.767 你哋宜家睇到嘅 係恐懼快速形成嘅過程 00:04:15.767 --> 00:04:19.261 正確啲嚟講係記憶嘅橫切面 NOTE Paragraph 00:04:19.261 --> 00:04:24.639 劉︰我哋一直討論緊嘅開關需要快 00:04:24.639 --> 00:04:27.218 佢唔可以花幾分鐘或者幾個鐘去做到 00:04:27.218 --> 00:04:29.852 佢應該以大腦嘅速度去做 00:04:29.852 --> 00:04:31.482 即係以幾微秒為限 NOTE Paragraph 00:04:31.482 --> 00:04:33.242 史︰劉,咁你點睇? 00:04:33.242 --> 00:04:37.344 我哋可唔可以用,例如藥物 啟動或者熄咗大腦細胞? NOTE Paragraph 00:04:37.352 --> 00:04:41.415 劉︰唔得。因為藥物會擴散,好麻煩 00:04:41.415 --> 00:04:44.423 而且藥物作用係永遠嘅 00:04:44.423 --> 00:04:48.072 所以我哋唔能夠用藥物即時控制記憶 00:04:48.072 --> 00:04:52.366 咁史蒂夫,用電控制大腦你覺得點? NOTE Paragraph 00:04:52.366 --> 00:04:54.671 史︰電非常之快 00:04:54.671 --> 00:04:58.770 但係我哋未必可以將電帶到 負責某個記憶嘅細胞當中 00:04:58.770 --> 00:05:00.642 我哋甚至乎會灼傷大腦 NOTE Paragraph 00:05:00.642 --> 00:05:01.917 劉︰哦。 的確係 00:05:01.917 --> 00:05:09.778 所以我哋應該搵更好嘅方法 以光速進入大腦細胞 NOTE Paragraph 00:05:09.778 --> 00:05:14.829 史︰正因為光本身就有光速 00:05:14.829 --> 00:05:19.822 或者我哋可以用光 嚟到激活同熄咗記憶 NOTE Paragraph 00:05:19.822 --> 00:05:21.164 劉︰光速非常快 NOTE Paragraph 00:05:21.164 --> 00:05:24.659 而且由於正常嘅大腦細胞對光冇反應 00:05:24.659 --> 00:05:26.595 因此嗰啲對光有反應嘅細胞 00:05:26.595 --> 00:05:29.099 就係含有光敏感開關嘅細胞 00:05:29.099 --> 00:05:31.109 為咗令呢啲細胞對激光有反應 00:05:31.109 --> 00:05:32.517 我哋首先要呃腦細胞 NOTE Paragraph 00:05:32.517 --> 00:05:33.557 劉:你哋冇聽錯 00:05:33.557 --> 00:05:35.669 我哋嘗試將激光射入大腦 00:05:35.669 --> 00:05:37.414 (笑聲) NOTE Paragraph 00:05:37.414 --> 00:05:40.738 我哋靠嘅技術就係光遺傳學 00:05:40.738 --> 00:05:43.680 光遺傳學畀咗光敏感開關我哋 00:05:43.680 --> 00:05:46.028 令我哋能夠啟動或者熄咗腦細胞 00:05:46.028 --> 00:05:48.115 而呢個光敏感開關個名 叫做光敏感通道 00:05:48.115 --> 00:05:50.592 就係嗰啲黏著腦細胞嘅綠色小點 00:05:50.592 --> 00:05:53.881 你哋可以將光敏感通道 當做一種對光敏感 00:05:53.881 --> 00:05:56.508 可以俾人安裝入腦細胞嘅開關 00:05:56.508 --> 00:05:59.322 所以,宜家我哋可以簡單襟個開關 00:05:59.322 --> 00:06:01.435 啟動或熄咗腦細胞 00:06:01.435 --> 00:06:03.903 喺呢個情況,我哋用光脈衝開開關 00:06:03.903 --> 00:06:07.689 劉︰我哋將呢種 光敏感通道嘅光敏感開關 00:06:07.689 --> 00:06:12.367 擺喺生物感應器上,並注入大腦 00:06:12.367 --> 00:06:15.563 當一個記憶形成嘅時候 00:06:15.563 --> 00:06:21.310 有份形成嗰個記憶嘅細胞 都會有呢個光敏感開關 00:06:21.310 --> 00:06:27.945 咁樣我哋就可以 通過照射激光控制呢啲細胞 NOTE Paragraph 00:06:27.945 --> 00:06:30.803 史︰宜家就係測試所有嘢嘅時間 00:06:30.803 --> 00:06:35.878 我哋能夠做嘅就係 將老鼠放入一個咁嘅盒 00:06:35.878 --> 00:06:38.126 然後輕微點擊老鼠足部 00:06:38.126 --> 00:06:40.241 令老鼠對呢個盒產生一個恐懼記憶 00:06:40.241 --> 00:06:42.360 令佢哋知道盒入面有唔好嘅嘢發生 00:06:42.360 --> 00:06:44.562 喺老鼠嘅海馬體裏面 00:06:44.562 --> 00:06:50.383 形成呢一個記憶嘅活躍細胞 都會有光敏感通道 NOTE Paragraph 00:06:50.383 --> 00:06:53.393 劉︰當你有一隻老鼠咁細 00:06:53.393 --> 00:06:56.988 你會覺得成個世界都喺度想捉你 00:06:56.988 --> 00:07:01.256 所以,你最好嘅防衛 係收埋自己、唔被發現 00:07:01.256 --> 00:07:03.251 當老鼠處於恐懼狀態 00:07:03.251 --> 00:07:05.037 就會表現出呢一種典型行為 00:07:05.037 --> 00:07:09.676 即係呆喺盒嘅角落唔郁 00:07:09.676 --> 00:07:12.959 呢一種狀態我哋稱之為「靜止」 00:07:12.959 --> 00:07:17.253 如果老鼠記得個盒有唔好嘅事發生 00:07:17.253 --> 00:07:19.696 而我哋將佢哋放返同一個盒時 00:07:19.696 --> 00:07:21.840 佢哋本能反應就係靜止唔郁 00:07:21.840 --> 00:07:26.665 咁係因為佢哋唔想俾盒裡面 任何潛在嘅威脅物發現 NOTE Paragraph 00:07:26.665 --> 00:07:28.015 史︰因此,你哋可以將「靜止」 00:07:28.015 --> 00:07:30.230 諗成你喺街行,腦裡面諗著自己嘅嘢 00:07:30.230 --> 00:07:34.175 然後幾乎要撞到你嘅前女友或者前男友 00:07:34.175 --> 00:07:36.281 喺呢兩秒裏面 00:07:36.281 --> 00:07:39.547 你會諗︰我做咩好?打招呼? 同佢握手? 抑或轉身走? 00:07:39.547 --> 00:07:41.554 我係咪應該坐喺度扮唔存在? 00:07:41.554 --> 00:07:44.738 呢啲突然喺腦海出現嘅諗法 令你無法控制自己嘅身體 00:07:44.738 --> 00:07:47.484 令你暫時流露出孤獨無助嘅表情 NOTE Paragraph 00:07:47.484 --> 00:07:51.515 劉︰但係,如果你將老鼠 放喺一個完全唔一樣嘅新籠裡面 00:07:51.515 --> 00:07:53.936 好似跟著落嚟呢個咁 00:07:53.936 --> 00:07:56.083 老鼠就唔會驚呢個籠 00:07:56.083 --> 00:08:00.812 因為老鼠冇理由去驚呢個新環境 NOTE Paragraph 00:08:00.812 --> 00:08:03.942 但如果我哋將老鼠放喺新籠裡面 00:08:03.942 --> 00:08:08.783 同時用我哋用激光啟動恐懼記憶嘅話 00:08:08.783 --> 00:08:10.282 會發生啲咩? 00:08:10.282 --> 00:08:13.046 我哋係咪可以喺一個 完全唔一樣嘅環境裏面 00:08:13.046 --> 00:08:17.133 喚醒返老鼠對第一個籠嘅恐懼記憶? NOTE Paragraph 00:08:17.133 --> 00:08:19.868 史︰呢個係價值百萬美元嘅實驗 00:08:19.868 --> 00:08:22.781 宜家我哋講返當日嘅記憶 00:08:22.781 --> 00:08:24.964 我記得嗰日波士頓紅襪隊贏咗比賽 00:08:24.964 --> 00:08:27.113 嗰日又係一個生機勃勃嘅春天日子 00:08:27.113 --> 00:08:33.230 極適合喺河邊散步 同埋去 North End 買一啲甜酥卷 00:08:33.230 --> 00:08:36.286 另一方面,我同劉 00:08:36.286 --> 00:08:39.115 喺一個冇窗、全黑嘅房裡面 00:08:39.115 --> 00:08:40.625 眼球郁都唔動 00:08:40.625 --> 00:08:42.906 因為隻眼郁嘅話離遠睇似係眨眼 00:08:42.906 --> 00:08:45.242 所以我哋眼都冇眨咁望著電腦螢幕 00:08:45.242 --> 00:08:47.188 我哋喺度望緊隻老鼠 00:08:47.188 --> 00:08:49.981 嘗試第一次用我哋嘅技術 去啟動一個記憶 NOTE Paragraph 00:08:49.981 --> 00:08:52.369 劉︰呢個就係我哋睇到嘅 00:08:52.369 --> 00:08:54.841 當我哋第一次將老鼠放入呢個籠 00:08:54.841 --> 00:08:59.374 老鼠會探索,聞嘢,周圍走,做自己嘢 00:08:59.374 --> 00:09:03.044 因為老鼠天生係好好奇嘅動物 00:09:03.053 --> 00:09:05.675 佢哋想知道,呢個新嘅籠有乜嘢 00:09:05.675 --> 00:09:07.206 老鼠好得意 00:09:07.206 --> 00:09:09.096 但當我哋啟動激光嘅一刻 00:09:09.096 --> 00:09:10.657 就好似你宜家睇到咁 00:09:10.657 --> 00:09:13.689 老鼠即刻進入靜止狀態 00:09:13.689 --> 00:09:18.120 老鼠呆咗,唔郁 00:09:18.120 --> 00:09:19.748 好明顯,老鼠定咗型 00:09:19.748 --> 00:09:22.331 睇起上嚟,我哋做到 00:09:22.331 --> 00:09:27.775 將第一個籠嘅恐懼記憶帶到去新環境 NOTE Paragraph 00:09:27.775 --> 00:09:30.464 當我哋睇到結果,史蒂夫同我都震驚咗 00:09:30.464 --> 00:09:32.007 就好似隻老鼠一樣 00:09:32.007 --> 00:09:33.269 (笑聲) 00:09:33.269 --> 00:09:36.576 實驗完咗之後,我哋離開間房 00:09:36.576 --> 00:09:38.329 冇講過嘢 NOTE Paragraph 00:09:38.329 --> 00:09:43.955 經過好長又尷尬嘅一段時間 史蒂夫終於打破沉默 NOTE Paragraph 00:09:43.955 --> 00:09:46.388 史︰我當時話「我哋嘅技術係得嘅? 」 NOTE Paragraph 00:09:46.388 --> 00:09:49.252 劉:我話「係,真係得咗! 」 00:09:49.252 --> 00:09:51.369 我哋對結果都非常激動 00:09:51.369 --> 00:09:55.713 然後我哋將個發現刊登喺自然期刊度 00:09:55.713 --> 00:09:58.160 自從發表咗我哋嘅研究之後 00:09:58.160 --> 00:10:02.705 我哋喺網上收到好多留言 00:10:02.705 --> 00:10:06.450 我哋可以睇其中一啲 NOTE Paragraph 00:10:07.090 --> 00:10:10.520 [ 天啊。最後…有咁多嘢!虛幻科技、神經控制、視覺夢想嘅再現、 神經編碼、「寫同重寫記憶 」、精神疾病。將來係咁好嘅。] NOTE Paragraph 00:10:10.520 --> 00:10:14.177 史︰首先你會注意到啲人 對呢項研究有好強烈嘅意見 00:10:14.177 --> 00:10:17.174 宜家,我開始非常認同 第一個人嘅樂觀睇法 00:10:17.180 --> 00:10:19.988 因為相對於Morgan Freeman 嘅評論 00:10:19.988 --> 00:10:23.671 呢個係我有生以嚟聽到最好嘅讚美說話 00:10:23.671 --> 00:10:25.857 (笑聲) 00:10:25.857 --> 00:10:28.478 但係就好似你哋睇到嘅一樣 呢個並唔係唯一嘅意見 NOTE Paragraph 00:10:28.478 --> 00:10:30.680 [ 太不可思議啦…如果佢哋可以喺幾年內 將呢種技術應用到人身上會點? 天啊!我哋命中註定係咁。] NOTE Paragraph 00:10:30.680 --> 00:10:32.059 劉︰如果我哋睇睇第二個留言 00:10:32.059 --> 00:10:35.776 我諗我哋全部人都覺得 嗰個人講嘅嘢冇咁正面 00:10:35.776 --> 00:10:37.957 但呢樣都提醒我哋 00:10:37.957 --> 00:10:40.143 雖然我哋宜家仍然以老鼠做實驗對象 00:10:40.143 --> 00:10:43.660 但我哋確實應該開始思考同討論 00:10:43.660 --> 00:10:48.611 記憶控制帶嚟嘅道德爭議 NOTE Paragraph 00:10:48.611 --> 00:10:50.799 史︰透過第三個留言 00:10:50.799 --> 00:10:53.703 我想話畀你哋聽一個 我哋最近喺實驗室開展嘅項目 00:10:53.703 --> 00:10:55.201 叫「盜夢空間」 00:10:55.201 --> 00:10:59.209 [「佢哋應該整一部關於呢樣嘢嘅電影。當佢哋將記憶植入人嘅意識裏面, 佢哋就能夠控制人,從而達到個人利益。佢哋就能夠控制人,從而達到個人利益。 00:10:59.209 --> 00:11:00.696 所以我哋開始諗 00:11:00.696 --> 00:11:02.463 雖然我哋可以重啟一個記憶 00:11:02.463 --> 00:11:05.130 但如果我哋唔小心 改造咗個記憶,咁點呢? 00:11:05.130 --> 00:11:08.163 我哋會唔會將個記憶 變成一個錯誤嘅記憶? NOTE Paragraph 00:11:08.163 --> 00:11:12.262 劉︰所有記憶都係複雜而且有動態變化 00:11:12.262 --> 00:11:16.651 但我哋可以簡單將記憶當成係一齣電影 00:11:16.651 --> 00:11:18.873 正如我哋一路所講嘅 00:11:18.873 --> 00:11:21.244 我哋可以控制電影嘅播放掣 00:11:21.244 --> 00:11:25.829 所以我哋可以隨時隨地播呢部電影 00:11:25.829 --> 00:11:31.230 但有冇可能我哋可以 進入大腦編輯呢部電影 00:11:31.230 --> 00:11:34.116 令佢同原本有唔同? 00:11:34.116 --> 00:11:36.294 係,我哋可以做到 00:11:36.294 --> 00:11:38.934 我哋需要做嘅只係 用我哋之前用過嘅激光 00:11:38.934 --> 00:11:42.699 重新啟動一個記憶 00:11:42.699 --> 00:11:50.128 但係如果我哋同時將新嘅資訊 擺落去舊嘅記憶當中 00:11:50.128 --> 00:11:52.550 舊嘅記憶會改變 00:11:52.550 --> 00:11:56.213 就好似整混合錄音咁 NOTE Paragraph 00:11:56.213 --> 00:11:59.071 史︰咁我哋點樣做呢? 00:11:59.071 --> 00:12:01.028 與其喺大腦搵到恐懼記憶 00:12:01.028 --> 00:12:02.864 我哋可以喺動物裏面搵 00:12:02.864 --> 00:12:05.677 即係我哋將動物放入 一個咁樣嘅藍色籠裡面 00:12:05.677 --> 00:12:08.171 我哋喺動物個腦裏面 搵返代表藍色籠嘅腦細胞 00:12:08.171 --> 00:12:10.244 然後我哋令呢啲腦細胞對光有反應 00:12:10.244 --> 00:12:12.365 同我哋之前做嘅一模一樣 00:12:12.365 --> 00:12:17.209 第二日,我哋可以將動物放入 一個佢哋從來冇遇過嘅紅色籠 00:12:17.209 --> 00:12:21.334 我哋可以向佢哋大腦照射激光 重啟佢哋對藍色籠嘅記憶 00:12:21.334 --> 00:12:24.857 咁當動物諗返藍色籠嘅嘢時 00:12:24.857 --> 00:12:27.681 我哋對佢哋輕微電擊幾次,會點呢? 00:12:27.681 --> 00:12:33.657 我哋就嘗試人為咁 令藍色籠嘅記憶同電擊關連起嚟 00:12:33.657 --> 00:12:35.505 我哋想將兩樣嘢連埋一齊 00:12:35.505 --> 00:12:37.037 為咗證實我哋成功 00:12:37.037 --> 00:12:40.305 我哋再將老鼠放入藍色籠 00:12:40.311 --> 00:12:43.049 我哋今次只係重啟老鼠對藍色籠嘅記憶 00:12:43.049 --> 00:12:45.406 但老鼠卻感覺到足部有微弱電擊 00:12:45.406 --> 00:12:47.586 然後佢哋突然靜止唔郁 00:12:47.586 --> 00:12:53.758 所以就算實際上冇電擊都好 老鼠始終記返起被電擊 00:12:53.758 --> 00:12:55.972 因此,老鼠形成咗一個錯誤嘅記憶 00:12:55.972 --> 00:13:01.263 因為技術上嚟講 佢哋驚錯咗一個冇電擊嘅環境 NOTE Paragraph 00:13:01.266 --> 00:13:06.089 劉︰目前為止,我哋只係討論咗 呢種用光控制嘅開掣 00:13:06.089 --> 00:13:09.373 其實我哋都有光控制嘅閂掣 00:13:09.373 --> 00:13:11.453 而且我哋可以好容易想像到 00:13:11.453 --> 00:13:13.931 通過安裝呢種光控制嘅閂掣 00:13:13.931 --> 00:13:18.229 我哋可以隨時隨地閂咗一個記憶 NOTE Paragraph 00:13:19.519 --> 00:13:21.733 我哋今日所講嘅嘢 00:13:21.733 --> 00:13:26.410 都係基於神經科學一條哲學性嘅原理 00:13:26.410 --> 00:13:30.528 就係,思想睇起嚟好神秘 00:13:30.528 --> 00:13:34.173 但佢實際上係由物質組成 兼可以俾我哋利用嘅嘢 NOTE Paragraph 00:13:34.173 --> 00:13:35.648 史︰我見到一個世界 00:13:35.648 --> 00:13:39.349 我哋可以重新啟動任何我哋鍾意嘅記憶 00:13:39.349 --> 00:13:40.635 我仲見到一個世界 00:13:40.635 --> 00:13:42.643 我哋可以抹走我哋唔想要嘅記憶 00:13:42.643 --> 00:13:43.999 宜家,我甚至見到 00:13:43.999 --> 00:13:46.218 記憶編輯已經成為現實中嘅一部分 00:13:46.218 --> 00:13:47.823 因為我哋生活嘅時代 00:13:47.823 --> 00:13:50.048 已經有可能將科幻小說裡邊嘅問題 00:13:50.048 --> 00:13:52.468 通過實驗將佢哋帶到嚟現實世界 NOTE Paragraph 00:13:52.468 --> 00:13:56.741 劉︰宜家,我哋實驗室嘅人員 同全世界嘅人員 00:13:56.741 --> 00:14:00.554 都用緊類似嘅方法啟動或者編輯記憶 00:14:00.554 --> 00:14:04.395 無論嗰啲記憶係舊、新、正面、負面 00:14:04.395 --> 00:14:05.837 ——總之所有類型嘅記憶 00:14:05.837 --> 00:14:08.931 等我哋能夠了解記憶係點樣運作嘅 NOTE Paragraph 00:14:08.931 --> 00:14:11.075 史︰例如,我哋實驗室嘅一個團隊 00:14:11.075 --> 00:14:13.353 發現咗形成恐懼記憶嘅腦細胞 00:14:13.353 --> 00:14:15.063 並將嗰啲腦細胞轉化成快樂記憶 00:14:15.063 --> 00:14:16.228 就好似嗰個咁 00:14:16.228 --> 00:14:19.190 嗰個就係我想講嘅編輯過程 00:14:19.190 --> 00:14:21.002 宜家,實驗室人員 甚至可以喺雄性老鼠當中 00:14:21.002 --> 00:14:23.503 啟動佢哋對雌性老鼠嘅記憶 00:14:23.503 --> 00:14:26.498 有流傳話人員有好愉快嘅經歷 NOTE Paragraph 00:14:26.498 --> 00:14:30.615 劉︰我哋正生活喺一個好開心嘅時刻 00:14:30.615 --> 00:14:37.610 因為呢一刻科學除咗受制於 我哋嘅想像力之外,就再冇限制 NOTE Paragraph 00:14:37.610 --> 00:14:39.754 史︰最後,我哋做到啲咩呢? 00:14:39.754 --> 00:14:41.725 我哋點樣繼續發展呢一個技術? 00:14:41.725 --> 00:14:45.242 呢啲問題唔應該剩係留返畀 實驗室嘅人解答 00:14:45.242 --> 00:14:51.569 我哋今日演講嘅目的就係令所有人 知道現代神經科學有可能嘅事 00:14:51.569 --> 00:14:56.352 但宜家重要嘅係 令所有人都參與個討論 00:14:56.354 --> 00:14:58.683 等我哋好似一個團隊咁一齊諗下 神經科學可以做到啲咩 00:14:58.683 --> 00:15:01.157 我哋可以點樣繼續往前走 00:15:01.157 --> 00:15:02.635 因為劉同我都認為 00:15:02.635 --> 00:15:05.790 我哋所有人面前都有一啲重大決定要做 NOTE Paragraph 00:15:05.790 --> 00:15:06.970 史、劉︰多謝 NOTE Paragraph 00:15:06.970 --> 00:15:07.780 (鼓掌)