[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.21,0:00:13.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have a friend.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.96,0:00:16.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To protect her privacy\NI'm going to call her Maria.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.87,0:00:18.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maria has a wonderful job.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.74,0:00:22.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She's a photographer,\Nand she's really talented,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.48,0:00:24.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and things are doing really well for her.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.98,0:00:28.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She's signing one contract\Nafter the other - exhibitions.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.46,0:00:32.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Last year, she even won\Na couple of prestigious awards.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.39,0:00:35.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I like about her\Nis that when things go well,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.87,0:00:38.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she really knows how to celebrate.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.51,0:00:41.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maria has traveled all around the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.77,0:00:44.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She's seen some of the most\Nbeautiful places in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.25,0:00:48.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She's a foodie - she likes\Nto eat at good restaurants,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.20,0:00:50.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but she's also a very generous person.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.18,0:00:53.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every year, she takes one month off,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.35,0:00:57.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she flies to Bolivia\Nwhere she volunteers at an orphanage.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.05,0:01:02.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There in Bolivia, last year, she met Dave,\Nwho apparently is the love of her life,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.62,0:01:05.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who was another volunteer\Nthere at the orphanage.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.14,0:01:07.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They seem to be really happy together.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.06,0:01:12.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I haven't seen Maria\Nin the past three years,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.96,0:01:16.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so how do I know\Nall these things about her?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.14,0:01:18.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You might have probably guessed
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.93,0:01:23.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it is through her meticulous updates\Non her social media profile.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.15,0:01:27.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe you also have a friend like Maria,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.62,0:01:31.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if you are like me, maybe at times,\Nyou might have wondered,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.66,0:01:35.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Why does she keep bragging\Nabout her amazing life?"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.40,0:01:40.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we ask ourselves that question,\Nthere are two common answers that come up.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.51,0:01:42.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One is, "Maybe she's mean.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.73,0:01:44.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She wants to rub it in my face,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.44,0:01:47.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make me feel miserable\Nabout my own life."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.28,0:01:53.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another possibility is\Nthat she's fundamentally insecure,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.11,0:01:56.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so she brags because she's\Nseeking social approval.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.01,0:02:01.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But whatever reason\Nwe think of for bragging,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.06,0:02:03.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is one thing\Nthat we all have in common,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.33,0:02:05.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is how we react to it.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.52,0:02:08.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In general, we all seem\Nto be annoyed by bragging.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.16,0:02:13.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the puzzling questions is,\Nif we are all annoyed by bragging,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.53,0:02:16.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how come that bragging\Nis so pervasive around us?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.96,0:02:18.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How come it's so prevalent?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.64,0:02:20.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How come our social media feeds
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.43,0:02:24.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are populated by your friends'\Namazing holiday pictures,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.06,0:02:28.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,first-class lounge check-ins,\Nand very good-looking food?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.78,0:02:33.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,George Loewenstein,\NJoachim Vosgerau, and myself
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.38,0:02:37.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have conducted a series of experiments\Nto try to answer these questions.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.56,0:02:41.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In one study, we asked people\Nto tell us some stories.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.74,0:02:45.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we asked them to tell\Nabout a case in their life
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.87,0:02:49.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which they were\Neither bragging to somebody else
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.08,0:02:51.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or they were listening\Nto someone else brag.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.80,0:02:55.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Half of the participants recalled a case\Nin their life in which they were bragging.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.77,0:02:58.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We called these participants\N'the self-promoters,'
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.22,0:03:01.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just a more polite way\Nto call the braggers,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.43,0:03:05.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we asked them to tell\Na lot about their interaction,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.10,0:03:08.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how it took place, what was\Nthe topic of the conversation,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.80,0:03:10.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and most importantly,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.57,0:03:14.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we asked them to tell us how the person\Nlistening to them was reacting,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.87,0:03:18.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,specifically, whether they were feeling\Npositive or negative emotions.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.81,0:03:22.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The other half of the participants,\Nwhich we called 'the recipients,'
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.35,0:03:24.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were instead asked\Nto tell us about a situation
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.93,0:03:27.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which they were listening\Nto somebody else bragging.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.87,0:03:31.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also, these people were asked to tell us\Nabout the topic of the conversation,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.54,0:03:36.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how they and the other person\Nwere reacting in terms of emotions.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.19,0:03:40.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Participants told all sorts of stories.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.87,0:03:43.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Interestingly, the ones\Nwho were recalling cases
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.18,0:03:45.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which they were bragging\Nto somebody else
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.89,0:03:48.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were more likely to tell us about cases
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.03,0:03:51.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which they were bragging\Nabout achievement like a promotion,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.08,0:03:54.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,getting into med school, a good grade
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.27,0:03:56.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whereas participants\Nwho were asked to recall cases
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.75,0:03:59.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which they were listening\Nto somebody else bragging
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.29,0:04:02.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were more likely to remember cases\Nin which somebody was bragging to them
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.73,0:04:04.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about making money, having money,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.88,0:04:08.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,having power, or status,\Nor having some material possessions.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.22,0:04:11.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the most interesting result was
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.15,0:04:13.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that no matter\Nwhat the stories were about,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.00,0:04:17.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,self-promoters systematically\Nunderestimated
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.53,0:04:22.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the extent to which their recipients\Nwere experiencing negative emotions.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.15,0:04:27.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They figured out that about one fourth\Nof the recipients were feeling bad
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.04,0:04:28.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as they were bragging,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.75,0:04:34.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in reality, over three quarters\Nof the recipients reported feeling bad
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.54,0:04:36.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while listening to other people bragging.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.43,0:04:40.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was also true when we looked\Nat the positive emotions.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.98,0:04:44.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Self-promoters systematically\Noverestimated
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.04,0:04:48.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the extent to which the recipients were\Nactually experiencing positive emotions.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.24,0:04:53.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These two results are mirrored\Nby another very interesting finding,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.16,0:04:56.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is that self-promoters,\Nas they were bragging,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.44,0:04:59.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were experiencing positive emotions,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.38,0:05:02.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and only a very small fraction\Nof the recipients realized that,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.57,0:05:04.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as you can see from the chart.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.23,0:05:08.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So self-promoters were projecting\Ntheir positive emotions
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.90,0:05:10.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,onto their listeners.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.35,0:05:14.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This made them overestimate the extent
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.24,0:05:16.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to which they were sharing\Ntheir positive feelings
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.63,0:05:18.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and underestimate the extent
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.27,0:05:20.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to which they were sharing\Ntheir negative feelings.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.59,0:05:23.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We replicated this study
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.28,0:05:26.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trying to go a little more in depth\Ninto the emotional reactions
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.38,0:05:31.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that self-promoters and recipients\Nexperience in these bragging interactions.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.41,0:05:35.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we found was that self-promoters\Nsignificantly overestimate
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.99,0:05:37.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the extent to which their listeners
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.92,0:05:41.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are happy for them and are proud\Nof them when they brag.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.68,0:05:44.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And at the same time,\Nthey significantly underestimate
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.86,0:05:47.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how much they're annoyed\Nby their bragging.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.81,0:05:50.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we thought that this was\Na really interesting result,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.59,0:05:51.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we attributed it
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.79,0:05:55.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a psychological phenomenon\Ncalled the empathy gap.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.05,0:05:59.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,According to the empathy gap,\Nif we are very happy,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.02,0:06:03.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for us it becomes really difficult\Nto imagine how not being happy feels,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.55,0:06:05.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's even harder to imagine
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.41,0:06:09.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how experiencing\Nnegative emotions would feel.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.04,0:06:12.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So basically, both parties\Nin our interactions,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.42,0:06:14.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the self-promoters and the recipients,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.27,0:06:16.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had a hard time figuring out\Nhow they would feel
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.92,0:06:19.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if their roles were reversed.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.33,0:06:25.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If people are so miscalibrated\Nwhen it comes to figuring out
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.48,0:06:28.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how others react emotionally\Nto their self-promotion,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.94,0:06:32.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe they are also miscalibrated\Nwhen they try to figure out
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.04,0:06:35.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how their bragging affects\Nhow others evaluate them.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.48,0:06:37.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we conducted another experiment.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.47,0:06:40.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you were a participant\Nin this experiment,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.94,0:06:44.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we would ask you to write\Nsome things about yourself,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.65,0:06:46.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to present yourself to others.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.46,0:06:49.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have to write five things\Nto create a personal profile,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.24,0:06:50.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,similar to what we do
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.43,0:06:53.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on social media websites\Nor online dating websites,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.75,0:06:56.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and participants were free\Nto write whatever they wanted.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.45,0:06:59.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They could write about their job,\Nabout their education,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.35,0:07:02.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their looks, or personality,\Ntheir hobbies, their interests -
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.24,0:07:03.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really whatever they wanted.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.83,0:07:07.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But only to half of the participants\Nwe gave an additional instruction.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.22,0:07:10.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We told them to write in such a way
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.54,0:07:14.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that would maximize\Nothers' interest in meeting them.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.38,0:07:18.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once they were done\Nwith writing up their profiles,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.57,0:07:21.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we also asked participants to predict
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.49,0:07:25.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how they thought\Nthat others would like them,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.68,0:07:28.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how much they would be\Ninterested in meeting them.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.28,0:07:29.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then we took these profiles,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.68,0:07:32.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we gave them to a large sample\Nof other participants,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.82,0:07:34.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,different from those who wrote them,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.55,0:07:36.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we asked these other participants
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.55,0:07:40.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to tell us how much they liked\Nthe profile writers
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.24,0:07:42.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how interested\Nthey would be in meeting them.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.92,0:07:46.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We also had another sample\Nwhere we asked to indicate
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.54,0:07:50.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to what extent the profile writers\Nwere bragging in their profiles,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.23,0:07:51.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in their opinion.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.60,0:07:55.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we looked at the results,\Nwe saw that first of all,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.47,0:07:59.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,participants had no idea\Nhow others would evaluate them.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.27,0:08:02.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we compare the prediction\Nof how much they would be liked
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.72,0:08:07.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the actual liking\Ncoming from the profile readers,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.08,0:08:09.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the correlation was basically zero.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.20,0:08:13.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So participants had no clue whether others\Nwould like their profile or not,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.52,0:08:16.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the same was true\Nfor the interest in meeting them.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.99,0:08:18.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the second interesting result
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.86,0:08:21.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was that participants who were instructed
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.15,0:08:24.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to write in such a way\Nthat would make them liked more
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.62,0:08:26.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bragged more.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.32,0:08:29.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the same time, these efforts backfired.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.82,0:08:32.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People were not more interested\Nin meeting them,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.60,0:08:35.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and actually liked them less
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.04,0:08:37.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than the participants\Nwho didn't put that effort in.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.30,0:08:40.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we thought this was a striking result,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.28,0:08:42.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we were wondering,\N"How is that possible?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.98,0:08:45.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How is it not obvious to everyone
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.12,0:08:47.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that bragging has\Nthese negative consequences?"
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.67,0:08:52.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we thought that the answer\Nlies again in the empathy gap.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.27,0:08:56.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We tend to project our emotions\Nonto our listeners,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.06,0:08:58.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when we are enthusiastic\Nabout something,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.20,0:09:02.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an achievement, an unexpected upgrade,\Nor we are in a beautiful place,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.28,0:09:06.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are like little children and expect\Nothers to share in our enthusiasm,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.11,0:09:07.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and at the same time, don't see
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.73,0:09:12.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that others may be not as happy as we are\Nabout the good things that happened to us.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.70,0:09:15.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These results are particularly interesting
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.34,0:09:19.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in an age in which we are\Nmore and more connected to one another.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.35,0:09:23.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First of all, as the number\Nof connections between us increases,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.20,0:09:26.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we tend to feel like\Nwe are talking to an audience.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.97,0:09:28.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We call this 'broadcasting.'
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.98,0:09:34.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we broadcast, we tend to share\Nmore self-promotional content.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.06,0:09:37.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the same time, although we are\Nmore and more connected,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.80,0:09:39.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that doesn't necessarily mean
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.73,0:09:43.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the psychological distance\Nbetween us is decreasing.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.29,0:09:45.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It may actually be increasing,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.64,0:09:48.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this may exacerbate the empathy gap.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.40,0:09:52.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It would make it more difficult\Nfor a self-promoter to figure out
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.37,0:09:54.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what the reactions\Nof the listeners could be,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.95,0:09:56.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and at the same time,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.15,0:09:59.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reduces the likelihood\Nthat the recipient has any interest
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.46,0:10:03.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in sharing the positive emotions\Nof the self-promoter.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.42,0:10:07.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And a third thing which I noticed\Nrelatively recently
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.83,0:10:11.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that companies have started\Nto do something really strange,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.37,0:10:14.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is encouraging consumers\Nto brag about their products.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.98,0:10:17.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The other day, I saw\Na letter from an airline
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.93,0:10:20.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,inviting their frequent fliers
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.62,0:10:23.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to post pictures\Nof their frequent flier card,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.55,0:10:26.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using the hashtag 'brag tag.'
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.51,0:10:29.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they were inviting them\Nto brag about their status to others.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.71,0:10:30.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I thought that was
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.93,0:10:36.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a really interesting new development\Nof marketing on social media.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.28,0:10:39.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what can we do\Nto reduce these problems,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.96,0:10:44.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make our social interaction,\Nespecially online a little better?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.43,0:10:49.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think some little actions may\Nactually help us improve the situation,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.74,0:10:53.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they involve trying\Nto reduce the empathy gap.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.76,0:10:56.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, if you are feeling the urge\Nto share something
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.78,0:10:59.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to an audience, to your friends online,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.92,0:11:01.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just doing something simple
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.33,0:11:04.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like putting ourselves\Nin the shoes of the receiving end
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.02,0:11:06.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and trying to figure out\Nwhat's the likelihood
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.21,0:11:09.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they would be happy\Nabout our good news,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.72,0:11:11.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or whether they would rather\Nbe annoyed by it,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.91,0:11:14.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,may on the one hand,\Ncurb our urge to share,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.12,0:11:18.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or make us share things\Nonly with people who really care.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.67,0:11:21.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A second little action would be
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.95,0:11:25.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,involving people\Nwho are on the receiving end.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.29,0:11:28.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when we are reading\Nsomeone else's out-of-control praise,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.32,0:11:36.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe we can bolster our tolerance\Nand realize that they are bragging
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.56,0:11:41.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,believing that we genuinely share\Ntheir positive emotions and enthusiasm.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.73,0:11:42.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are small actions,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.97,0:11:47.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I think they may go a long way\Ninto reducing the empathy gap.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.28,0:11:50.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As we move to a more\Nand more connected world,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.85,0:11:55.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they may improve a lot\Nthe quality of our social interactions.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.84,0:11:57.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.03,0:11:58.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)