1 00:00:00,740 --> 00:00:04,660 - September 12, 1962. John F. Kennedy - 2 00:00:05,653 --> 00:00:08,461 "We meet in an hour of change and challenge, 3 00:00:09,351 --> 00:00:12,323 in an age of both knowledge and ignorance. 4 00:00:12,603 --> 00:00:15,460 The greater our knowledge increases, 5 00:00:15,460 --> 00:00:17,613 the greater our ignorance unfolds. 6 00:00:18,033 --> 00:00:20,763 Our leadership in science and in industry, 7 00:00:20,763 --> 00:00:24,316 our hopes for peace and security, 8 00:00:24,316 --> 00:00:28,250 our obligations to ourselves as well as others, 9 00:00:28,250 --> 00:00:33,470 all require us to make this effort, to solve these mysteries, 10 00:00:33,470 --> 00:00:35,950 to solve them for the good of all men. 11 00:00:36,460 --> 00:00:39,540 We set sail on this new sea 12 00:00:39,540 --> 00:00:45,153 because there is new knowledge to be gained, and new rights to be won, 13 00:00:45,153 --> 00:00:49,696 and they must be won and used for the progress of all people. 14 00:00:50,606 --> 00:00:55,180 For science and all technology, has no conscience of its own. 15 00:00:55,890 --> 00:01:00,621 Whether it will become a force for good or ill depends on man. 16 00:01:11,000 --> 00:01:13,240 Why, some say, the moon? 17 00:01:13,240 --> 00:01:16,227 Why choose this as our goal? 18 00:01:16,227 --> 00:01:20,727 And they may well ask why climb the highest mountain? 19 00:01:20,727 --> 00:01:23,727 Why, 35 years ago, fly the Atlantic? 20 00:01:23,727 --> 00:01:26,727 Why does Rice play Texas? 21 00:01:26,727 --> 00:01:29,727 We choose to go to the moon. 22 00:01:30,077 --> 00:01:33,284 We choose to go to the moon... 23 00:01:38,024 --> 00:01:42,322 We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, 24 00:01:42,322 --> 00:01:46,071 not because they are easy, but because they are hard, 25 00:01:46,071 --> 00:01:53,461 because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills, 26 00:01:53,461 --> 00:01:57,301 because that challenge is one that we are willing to accept, 27 00:01:57,301 --> 00:02:00,281 one we are unwilling to postpone, 28 00:02:00,281 --> 00:02:02,737 and one which we intend to win." 29 00:02:06,107 --> 00:02:08,558 - February 19, 2013. Professor Brian Cox - 30 00:02:08,885 --> 00:02:11,987 I want to hear someone stand up and say: " We choose." 31 00:02:12,585 --> 00:02:16,530 "We choose to make Britain the best place in the world to do science. 32 00:02:16,530 --> 00:02:22,777 Before this decade is out we will ensure that every citizen has a right to a university level education 33 00:02:22,777 --> 00:02:25,427 irrespective of age or socio-economic background, 34 00:02:25,427 --> 00:02:29,256 whether that’s in the sciences, engineering or arts. 35 00:02:29,256 --> 00:02:34,048 We will double our spending on university and tertiary education. 36 00:02:34,048 --> 00:02:35,380 Why? 37 00:02:35,380 --> 00:02:40,681 Because I believe that higher education is valuable to both the individual and to society. 38 00:02:40,681 --> 00:02:45,120 In my Utopia every citizen will have the opportunity to leave home, 39 00:02:45,120 --> 00:02:47,580 their hometown and be exposed to ideas. 40 00:02:47,580 --> 00:02:49,612 The environment of the university. 41 00:02:49,612 --> 00:02:51,587 Societies built on individuals. 42 00:02:51,587 --> 00:02:56,270 Imagine a Britain in which everyone you meet knows at least something of Plato, 43 00:02:56,270 --> 00:02:58,303 of Bach, of Picasso, of Newton, 44 00:02:58,303 --> 00:03:01,510 of Einstein, of Curie, of Archimedes, 45 00:03:01,510 --> 00:03:05,816 of Brunel, of Amis, of Mahler, of Mailer, of Dylan, of Lennon, 46 00:03:05,816 --> 00:03:11,662 of Feynman, of Sagan, of Armstrong & Aldrin, of Bronowski, of Davy and of Faraday. 47 00:03:11,802 --> 00:03:14,580 And further, We will double the spending on research, 48 00:03:14,580 --> 00:03:18,023 and introduce measures to make it attractive for industry to do the same, 49 00:03:18,023 --> 00:03:21,060 exceeding the investment in our competitor nations. 50 00:03:21,060 --> 00:03:22,129 Why? 51 00:03:22,129 --> 00:03:24,676 Because reaching for worlds beyond our grasp 52 00:03:24,676 --> 00:03:29,391 is an essential driver for progress and necessary sustenance for human spirit. 53 00:03:29,391 --> 00:03:35,310 If we denay this innate and powerful urge, the borders of our intellectual domain will shrink with our ambition. 54 00:03:35,310 --> 00:03:39,091 We are the most rare and valuable part of the universe: a civilization. 55 00:03:39,091 --> 00:03:44,857 And our long term survival depends solely upon our understanding of nature. 56 00:03:44,857 --> 00:03:48,851 We will join with our colleagues in Europe, Russia, The United States and China 57 00:03:48,851 --> 00:03:52,409 to redirect defense spending into the exploration of space 58 00:03:52,409 --> 00:03:56,066 to protect our planet from threats, mine asteroids for resources 59 00:03:56,066 --> 00:04:00,310 and expand the frontiers of our civilization for the first time since Columbus. 60 00:04:00,310 --> 00:04:04,013 The citizens of our world, one amongst billions in the cosmos 61 00:04:04,013 --> 00:04:09,341 will come together with the goal of expanding our understanding of nature for the good of all mankind. 62 00:04:09,341 --> 00:04:12,919 Today we take our first steps on our journey to the stars." 63 00:04:12,919 --> 00:04:16,111 Thank you very much. …I would vote for that! 64 00:04:25,560 --> 00:04:31,046 But let me leave you with this. There is a great quote form the great Chemist Humphry Davy. 65 00:04:31,046 --> 00:04:35,283 He said when asked about the value of science. He didn't give the economic argument, 66 00:04:35,283 --> 00:04:37,162 he gave a wonderful quote. 67 00:04:37,162 --> 00:04:40,335 What he said was this, He said: "Why do we do science? 68 00:04:40,382 --> 00:04:46,273 Nothing is more fatal to the progress of the human mind than to presume that our views of science are ultimate, 69 00:04:46,273 --> 00:04:47,951 that our triumphs are complete, 70 00:04:47,951 --> 00:04:53,391 that they are no mysteries in Nature, and that they are no new worlds to conquer." 71 00:05:23,837 --> 00:05:26,389 "Science is about exploring, 72 00:05:26,389 --> 00:05:32,847 and the only way to uncover the secrets of the universe is to go and look."