0:00:00.740,0:00:04.660 - September 12, 1962. John F. Kennedy - 0:00:05.653,0:00:08.461 "We meet in an hour of change and challenge, 0:00:09.351,0:00:12.323 in an age of both knowledge and ignorance. 0:00:12.603,0:00:15.460 The greater our knowledge increases, 0:00:15.460,0:00:17.613 the greater our ignorance unfolds. 0:00:18.033,0:00:20.763 Our leadership in science and in industry, 0:00:20.763,0:00:24.316 our hopes for peace and security, 0:00:24.316,0:00:28.250 our obligations to ourselves as well as others, 0:00:28.250,0:00:33.470 all require us to make this effort, to solve these mysteries, 0:00:33.470,0:00:35.950 to solve them for the good of all men. 0:00:36.460,0:00:39.540 We set sail on this new sea 0:00:39.540,0:00:45.153 because there is new knowledge to be gained, and new rights to be won, 0:00:45.153,0:00:49.696 and they must be won and used for the progress of all people. 0:00:50.606,0:00:55.180 For science and all technology, has no conscience of its own. 0:00:55.890,0:01:00.621 Whether it will become a force for good or ill depends on man. 0:01:11.000,0:01:13.240 Why, some say, the moon? 0:01:13.240,0:01:16.227 Why choose this as our goal? 0:01:16.227,0:01:20.727 And they may well ask why climb the highest mountain? 0:01:20.727,0:01:23.727 Why, 35 years ago, fly the Atlantic? 0:01:23.727,0:01:26.727 Why does Rice play Texas? 0:01:26.727,0:01:29.727 We choose to go to the moon. 0:01:30.077,0:01:33.284 We choose to go to the moon... 0:01:38.024,0:01:42.322 We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, 0:01:42.322,0:01:46.071 not because they are easy, but because they are hard, 0:01:46.071,0:01:53.461 because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills, 0:01:53.461,0:01:57.301 because that challenge is one that we are willing to accept, 0:01:57.301,0:02:00.281 one we are unwilling to postpone, 0:02:00.281,0:02:02.737 and one which we intend to win." 0:02:06.107,0:02:08.558 - February 19, 2013. Professor Brian Cox - 0:02:08.885,0:02:11.987 I want to hear someone stand up and say: " We choose." 0:02:12.585,0:02:16.530 "We choose to make Britain the best place in the world to do science. 0:02:16.530,0:02:22.777 Before this decade is out we will ensure that every citizen has a right to a university level education 0:02:22.777,0:02:25.427 irrespective of age or socio-economic background, 0:02:25.427,0:02:29.256 whether that’s in the sciences, engineering or arts. 0:02:29.256,0:02:34.048 We will double our spending on university and tertiary education. 0:02:34.048,0:02:35.380 Why? 0:02:35.380,0:02:40.681 Because I believe that higher education is valuable to both the individual and to society. 0:02:40.681,0:02:45.120 In my Utopia every citizen will have the opportunity to leave home, 0:02:45.120,0:02:47.580 their hometown and be exposed to ideas. 0:02:47.580,0:02:49.612 The environment of the university. 0:02:49.612,0:02:51.587 Societies built on individuals. 0:02:51.587,0:02:56.270 Imagine a Britain in which everyone you meet knows at least something of Plato, 0:02:56.270,0:02:58.303 of Bach, of Picasso, of Newton, 0:02:58.303,0:03:01.510 of Einstein, of Curie, of Archimedes, 0:03:01.510,0:03:05.816 of Brunel, of Amis, of Mahler, of Mailer, of Dylan, of Lennon, 0:03:05.816,0:03:11.662 of Feynman, of Sagan, of Armstrong & Aldrin, of Bronowski, of Davy and of Faraday. 0:03:11.802,0:03:14.580 And further, We will double the spending on research, 0:03:14.580,0:03:18.023 and introduce measures to make it attractive for industry to do the same, 0:03:18.023,0:03:21.060 exceeding the investment in our competitor nations. 0:03:21.060,0:03:22.129 Why? 0:03:22.129,0:03:24.676 Because reaching for worlds beyond our grasp 0:03:24.676,0:03:29.391 is an essential driver for progress and necessary sustenance for human spirit. 0:03:29.391,0:03:35.310 If we denay this innate and powerful urge, the borders of our intellectual domain will shrink with our ambition. 0:03:35.310,0:03:39.091 We are the most rare and valuable part of the universe: a civilization. 0:03:39.091,0:03:44.857 And our long term survival depends solely upon our understanding of nature. 0:03:44.857,0:03:48.851 We will join with our colleagues in Europe, Russia, The United States and China 0:03:48.851,0:03:52.409 to redirect defense spending into the exploration of space 0:03:52.409,0:03:56.066 to protect our planet from threats, mine asteroids for resources 0:03:56.066,0:04:00.310 and expand the frontiers of our civilization for the first time since Columbus. 0:04:00.310,0:04:04.013 The citizens of our world, one amongst billions in the cosmos 0:04:04.013,0:04:09.341 will come together with the goal of expanding our understanding of nature for the good of all mankind. 0:04:09.341,0:04:12.919 Today we take our first steps on our journey to the stars." 0:04:12.919,0:04:16.111 Thank you very much. …I would vote for that! 0:04:25.560,0:04:31.046 But let me leave you with this. There is a great quote form the great Chemist Humphry Davy. 0:04:31.046,0:04:35.283 He said when asked about the value of science. He didn't give the economic argument, 0:04:35.283,0:04:37.162 he gave a wonderful quote. 0:04:37.162,0:04:40.335 What he said was this, He said: "Why do we do science? 0:04:40.382,0:04:46.273 Nothing is more fatal to the progress of the human mind than to presume that our views of science are ultimate, 0:04:46.273,0:04:47.951 that our triumphs are complete, 0:04:47.951,0:04:53.391 that they are no mysteries in Nature, and that they are no new worlds to conquer." 0:05:23.837,0:05:26.389 "Science is about exploring, 0:05:26.389,0:05:32.847 and the only way to uncover the secrets of the universe is to go and look."