[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.09,0:00:14.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right now, beneath a shimmering blue sea,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.48,0:00:18.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,millions of fish are having sex.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.16,0:00:21.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Cheers)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.50,0:00:25.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the way they're doing it\Nand strategies they're using
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.93,0:00:28.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looks nothing like what we see on land.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.88,0:00:31.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Take parrotfish.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.65,0:00:35.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this species, all fish are born female.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.47,0:00:37.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they look like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.40,0:00:40.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then later in life,\Nshe can transition into a male.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.90,0:00:42.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And she'll look like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.84,0:00:46.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, it's not just a spectacular\Nwardrobe change.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.26,0:00:52.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Her body can reabsorb her ovaries\Nand grow testes in their place.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.27,0:00:57.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In just a few weeks, she'll go\Nfrom making eggs to producing sperm.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.11,0:01:02.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's pretty impressive,\Nand in the ocean, it's also pretty common.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.48,0:01:04.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, I bet nearly all of you have,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.42,0:01:05.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at some point,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.51,0:01:08.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had a seafood dish\Nmade up of an individual
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.10,0:01:11.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that started life as one sex\Nand transitioned to another:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.08,0:01:16.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,oysters, grouper, shrimp,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.05,0:01:18.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Seeing some heads nodding, yeah?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.43,0:01:23.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But not all fish that change sex\Nstart as females.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.32,0:01:26.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those clownfish we know\Nfrom Finding Nemo ...
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.24,0:01:28.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're all born male.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.01,0:01:32.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, in the real world,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.20,0:01:35.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when Nemo's mother died,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.75,0:01:40.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nemo's dad, Marlin,\Nwould have transitioned into Marlene,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.12,0:01:41.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.13,0:01:44.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Nemo would have likely made it\Nwith his father-turned-mother.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.49,0:01:45.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.71,0:01:46.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see -
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.95,0:01:49.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.74,0:01:55.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see why Pixar\Ntook a little creative license
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.64,0:01:57.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the plotline, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.19,0:01:58.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.28,0:02:01.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So sex change in the ocean\Ncan happen in either direction
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.66,0:02:03.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sometimes, even back and forth.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.99,0:02:07.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's just one\Nof the many amazing strategies
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.52,0:02:10.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,animals use to reproduce in the ocean.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.06,0:02:13.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And trust me when I say,\Nit's one of the least surprising.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.20,0:02:17.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sex in the sea is fascinating.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.31,0:02:19.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's also really important
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.90,0:02:22.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not just to nerdy\Nmarine biologists like me
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.26,0:02:25.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who are obsessed with understanding\Nthese salty affairs.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.24,0:02:26.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.47,0:02:28.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It matters for all of us.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.52,0:02:32.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today we depend on wild caught fish
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.38,0:02:36.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help feed over 2 billion\Npeople on the planet.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.88,0:02:41.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need millions of oysters and corals\Nto build the giant reefs
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.07,0:02:44.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that protect our shorelines\Nfrom rising seas and storms.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.06,0:02:48.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We depend on medicines\Nthat are found in marine animals
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.11,0:02:50.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to fight cancer and other diseases.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.98,0:02:54.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And for many of us, the diversity\Nand beauty of the oceans
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.61,0:02:59.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is where we turn for recreation\Nand relaxation and our cultural heritage.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.43,0:03:02.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In order for us to continue to benefit
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.37,0:03:04.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the abundance\Nthat ocean life provides,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.18,0:03:07.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the fish and coral and shrimp of today
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.51,0:03:11.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have to be able to make fish\Nand shrimp and coral for tomorrow.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.36,0:03:15.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To do that, they have to have\Nlots and lots of sex.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.34,0:03:16.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.72,0:03:20.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And until recently, we really didn't know\Nhow sex happened in the sea.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.12,0:03:22.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's pretty hard to study.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.07,0:03:25.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But thanks to new science and technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.99,0:03:29.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we now know so much more\Nthan even just a few years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.59,0:03:32.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these new discoveries\Nare showing two things:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.99,0:03:36.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, sex in the sea is really funky.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.73,0:03:37.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.74,0:03:40.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Second, our actions are wreaking havoc
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.69,0:03:44.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the sex lives of everything\Nfrom shrimp to salmon.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.79,0:03:49.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So today, I'm going to share a few details\Nabout how animals do it in the deep,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.30,0:03:53.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how we may be interrupting\Nthese intimate affairs,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.87,0:03:55.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what we can do to change that.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.25,0:03:58.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, remember those sex-changing fish?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.64,0:04:01.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In many places in the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.53,0:04:04.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have fishing rules\Nthat set a minimum catch size.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.03,0:04:07.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fishers are not allowed\Nto target tiny fish.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.70,0:04:11.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This allows baby fish to grow\Nand reproduce before they're caught.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.81,0:04:13.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a good thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.45,0:04:15.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So fishers go after the biggest fish,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.65,0:04:18.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in parrotfish, for example,\Nor any sex changer,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.61,0:04:24.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,targeting the biggest fish means\Nthat they're taking out all the males.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.33,0:04:28.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That makes it hard\Nfor a female fish to find a mate,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.07,0:04:33.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or it forces her to change sex\Nsooner, at a smaller size.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.52,0:04:38.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Both of these things can result\Nin fewer fish babies in the future.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.11,0:04:41.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In order for us to properly care\Nfor these species,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.49,0:04:43.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have to know if they change sex,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.83,0:04:45.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how, and when?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.78,0:04:49.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Only then can we create rules\Nthat can support these sexual strategies,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.56,0:04:53.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as setting a maximum size limit\Nin addition to a minimum one.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.05,0:04:57.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The challenge isn't that we can't think\Nof these sex-friendly solutions.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.87,0:05:01.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The challenge is knowing which solutions\Nto apply to which species
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.79,0:05:04.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because even animals we know really well
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.86,0:05:07.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,surprise us when it comes\Nto their sex lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.92,0:05:09.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Take Maine lobster.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.72,0:05:12.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They don't look that romantic ...
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.45,0:05:13.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.45,0:05:14.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or that kinky.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.76,0:05:15.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are both.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.90,0:05:18.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.90,0:05:20.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,During mating season,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.27,0:05:23.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,female lobsters want to mate\Nwith the biggest, baddest males,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.89,0:05:25.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but these guys are really aggressive,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.72,0:05:28.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they'll attack\Nany lobster that approaches -
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.07,0:05:29.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,male or female.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.01,0:05:33.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Meanwhile the best time\Nfor her to mate with the male
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.65,0:05:37.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is right after she's molted,\Nwhen she's lost her hard shell.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.14,0:05:42.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So she has to approach this aggressive guy\Nin her most vulnerable state.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.99,0:05:44.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's a girl to do?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.56,0:05:45.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.82,0:05:46.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Her answer?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.47,0:05:52.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Spray him in the face,\Nrepeatedly, with her urine.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.13,0:05:55.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.13,0:05:56.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Under the sea,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.27,0:05:58.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pee is a very powerful love potion.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.79,0:06:00.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.64,0:06:04.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Conveniently, lobsters' bladders\Nsit just above their brains,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.48,0:06:08.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they have two nozzles\Nunder their eye stalk
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.01,0:06:10.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with which they can shoot\Ntheir urine forward.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.36,0:06:11.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.36,0:06:15.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the female approaches the male's den,\Nand as he charges out,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.77,0:06:19.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she lets loose a stream of urine,\Nand then gets the hell out of there.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.27,0:06:20.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.27,0:06:23.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Only a few days of this daily dosing
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.19,0:06:28.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is all it takes for her scent\Nto have a transformative effect.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.39,0:06:32.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The male turns from an aggressive\Nto a gentle lover.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.15,0:06:37.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By the week's end,\Nhe invites her into his den.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.17,0:06:38.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.45,0:06:40.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After that, the sex is easy.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.02,0:06:41.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.31,0:06:45.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how are we interrupting\Nthis kind of kinky courtship?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.59,0:06:51.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, the female's urine\Ncarries a critical chemical signal
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.19,0:06:54.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that works because it can pass\Nthrough seawater,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.17,0:06:58.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and lobsters have a smell receptor\Nthat can detect and receive the message.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.90,0:07:02.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Climate change is making\Nour oceans more acidic.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.39,0:07:05.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the result of too much\Ncarbon dioxide entering seawater.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.36,0:07:09.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This changing chemistry\Ncould scramble that message
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.70,0:07:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or it could damage\Nthe lobster's smell receptors.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.41,0:07:15.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pollution from land\Ncan have similar impacts.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.35,0:07:18.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just imagine the consequence\Nfor that female
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.74,0:07:20.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if her love potion should fail.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.56,0:07:24.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are the kinds of subtle\Nbut significant impacts
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.70,0:07:27.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're having on the love lives\Nof these marine life.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.20,0:07:29.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is a species we know well.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.96,0:07:32.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lobsters live near shore in the shallows.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.74,0:07:36.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dive deeper, and sex gets even stranger.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.11,0:07:42.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fanfin anglerfish live\Nat about 3000 feet below the surface
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.77,0:07:44.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in pitch-black waters,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.59,0:07:48.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the males are born\Nwithout the ability to feed themselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.19,0:07:52.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To survive, he has to find a female fast.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.48,0:07:59.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Meanwhile the female,\Nwho is 10 times bigger than the male,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.42,0:08:00.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,10 times,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.01,0:08:05.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she lets out a very strong pheromone\Nwith which to attract mates to her.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.90,0:08:08.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this tiny male is swimming\Nthrough the black waters,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.73,0:08:10.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,smelling his way to a female.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.92,0:08:13.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when he finds her,\Nhe gives her a love bite.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.18,0:08:16.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is when things get really weird.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.69,0:08:17.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.82,0:08:20.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That love bite triggers\Na chemical reaction
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.55,0:08:23.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whereby his jawbone\Nstarts to disintegrate.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.12,0:08:27.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His face melts into her flesh,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.49,0:08:30.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and their two bodies start to fuse.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.30,0:08:34.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their circulatory systems entwine,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.19,0:08:38.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and all his internal organs\Nstart to dissolve,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.55,0:08:40.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,except for ...
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.36,0:08:42.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,his testes.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.48,0:08:44.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.51,0:08:48.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His testes mature just fine\Nand start producing sperm.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.75,0:08:51.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the end, he's basically
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.50,0:08:55.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a permanently-attached, on-demand\Nsperm factory for the female.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.54,0:08:57.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.54,0:08:59.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a very efficient system,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.72,0:09:01.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.25,0:09:05.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but this is not the kind of mating system\Nthat we see on a farm, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.63,0:09:08.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean this is weird; it's really strange.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.63,0:09:11.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if we don't know\Nthat these kind of strategies exist,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.37,0:09:12.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or how they work,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.99,0:09:15.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can't know what kind of impacts\Nwe may be having,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.18,0:09:17.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even in the deep sea.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.06,0:09:22.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just three years ago, we discovered\Na new species of deep-sea octopus
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.45,0:09:24.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the females lay their eggs
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.03,0:09:28.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on sponges attached to rocks\Nthat are over two and a half miles deep.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.64,0:09:32.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These rocks contain rare-earth minerals,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.08,0:09:35.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and right now, there are companies\Nthat are building bulldozers
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.23,0:09:39.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that would be capable of mining\Nthe deep-sea floor for those rocks,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.85,0:09:41.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the bulldozers would scrape up
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.88,0:09:44.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the sponges\Nand all the eggs with them.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.48,0:09:49.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Knowingly and, in many cases, unknowingly,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.96,0:09:54.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are preventing successful sex\Nand reproduction in the deep.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.50,0:09:57.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And let's be honest,\Ndating and mating is hard enough
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.64,0:10:00.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without somebody coming in\Nand interrupting all the time, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.64,0:10:01.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We know this.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.96,0:10:05.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So today, while I hope\Nyou will leave here
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.27,0:10:08.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with some excellent\Nbar trivia on fish sex,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.83,0:10:11.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.07,0:10:13.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I also ask that you remember this:
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.81,0:10:19.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are all far more intimately connected\Nwith the oceans than we realize,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.13,0:10:22.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no matter where we live.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.15,0:10:28.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this level of intimacy requires\Na new kind of relationship with the ocean.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.12,0:10:34.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One that recognizes and respects\Nthe enormous diversity of life
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.43,0:10:36.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and its limitations.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.21,0:10:40.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can no longer think of the oceans\Nas just something "out there,"
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.26,0:10:44.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because every day, we depend on them\Nfor our food security,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.16,0:10:49.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our own health and wellness,\Nand every other breath we take.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.90,0:10:54.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it is a two-way relationship,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.51,0:10:57.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the oceans can only\Ncontinue to provide for us
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.31,0:11:01.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we, in turn, safeguard\Nthat fundamental force of life in the sea:
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.08,0:11:04.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sex and reproduction.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.34,0:11:07.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So like any relationship,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.31,0:11:10.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have to embrace some change\Nfor the partnership to work.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.53,0:11:13.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The next time you're thinking\Nabout having seafood,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.17,0:11:17.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,look for sustainably caught\Nor farmed species
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.59,0:11:20.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are local and low on the food chain.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.43,0:11:25.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are animals like oysters, clams,\Nmussels, small fish like mackerel.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.08,0:11:28.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These all reproduce like crazy
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.03,0:11:31.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and with good management,\Nthey can handle a bit of fishing pressure.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.05,0:11:34.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can also rethink what we use\Nto wash our bodies,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.91,0:11:37.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,clean our homes, and care for our lawns.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.91,0:11:41.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All those chemicals\Neventually wash out to sea
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.29,0:11:44.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and disrupt the natural\Nchemistry of the ocean.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.97,0:11:49.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Industry also has to play its part\Nand take a precautionary approach,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.39,0:11:52.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,protecting sexual activity\Nwhere we know it exists
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.70,0:11:56.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and preventing harm in the cases\Nwhere we just don't yet know enough,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.35,0:11:57.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like the deep sea.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.94,0:12:01.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in the communities where we live,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.48,0:12:05.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the places we work,\Nand the country in which we vote,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.58,0:12:11.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we must take bold action\Non climate change now.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.12,0:12:13.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.68,0:12:16.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Cheers)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.21,0:12:22.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Never has it been more important\Nnor more possible
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.66,0:12:25.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to fight for the solutions\Nthat we know already exist.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.39,0:12:28.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But time is running out
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.55,0:12:32.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for lobster seduction\Nand coral sex parties
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.14,0:12:34.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so many other animals
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.47,0:12:40.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that depend on just the right temperature\Nand chemistry for peak sexual performance.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.31,0:12:45.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know sometimes it can feel\Nlike the problem is as big as the ocean,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.06,0:12:49.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but remember, nature is on our side.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.20,0:12:52.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Animals want to reproduce.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.78,0:12:56.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, we've even discovered\Nsome female sharks and rays
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.16,0:12:57.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that when they can't find a mate,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.81,0:13:00.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they go off and reproduce\Nall on their own.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.79,0:13:02.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's real-life virgin birth.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.35,0:13:04.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fascinating.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.00,0:13:09.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unfortunately, the strategy\Ncan't save the species in the long term -
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.04,0:13:13.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sex between males and females\Nis needed for that genetic diversity,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.32,0:13:16.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the tactic can buy a population time.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.13,0:13:19.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it just goes to show that in the sea,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.53,0:13:23.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reproduction and sex\Nare truly a force of nature.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:23.32,0:13:25.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the animals are doing their part.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.15,0:13:28.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine if we did ours
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.36,0:13:32.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and worked with this force\Nrather than against it.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.26,0:13:36.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can help set the mood\Nand then step back
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.02,0:13:41.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and allow today's, tomorrow's,\Nand future generations
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.53,0:13:43.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of fish and all ocean life
Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.07,0:13:46.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the freedom to do what they do best ...
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.48,0:13:49.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,get their spawn on!
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.34,0:13:50.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.40,0:13:51.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:51.61,0:13:54.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)