WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:02.616 It's really, really great to be here. 00:00:02.640 --> 00:00:04.536 You have the power to change the world. 00:00:04.560 --> 00:00:06.216 I’m not saying that to be cliché, 00:00:06.240 --> 00:00:08.560 you really have the power to change the world. 00:00:09.040 --> 00:00:11.136 Deep inside of you, every single one of you 00:00:11.160 --> 00:00:14.400 has the most powerful device known to man. 00:00:15.080 --> 00:00:16.280 And that's an idea. 00:00:17.240 --> 00:00:20.296 So a single idea, from the human mind, 00:00:20.320 --> 00:00:21.856 it could start the ground swell, 00:00:21.880 --> 00:00:24.656 it could be a flash point for a movement 00:00:24.680 --> 00:00:27.456 and it can actually rewrite our future. 00:00:27.480 --> 00:00:30.176 But an idea is powerless 00:00:30.200 --> 00:00:32.016 if it stays inside of you. 00:00:32.040 --> 00:00:35.096 If you never pull that idea out for others to contend with, 00:00:35.120 --> 00:00:36.320 it will die with you. 00:00:37.120 --> 00:00:40.416 Now, maybe some of you guys have tried to convey your idea 00:00:40.440 --> 00:00:42.336 and it wasn't adopted, it was rejected, 00:00:42.360 --> 00:00:45.216 and some other mediocre or average idea was adopted. 00:00:45.240 --> 00:00:49.576 And the only difference between those two is in the way it was communicated. 00:00:49.600 --> 00:00:52.416 Because if you communicate an idea in a way that resonates, 00:00:52.440 --> 00:00:55.080 change will happen and you can change the world. 00:00:55.880 --> 00:00:58.536 In my family, we collect these vintage European posters. 00:00:58.560 --> 00:01:01.016 Every time we go to Maui, we go to the dealer there 00:01:01.040 --> 00:01:02.856 and he turns these great big posters. 00:01:02.880 --> 00:01:04.696 I love them. They all have one idea 00:01:04.720 --> 00:01:07.296 and one really clear visual that conveys the idea. 00:01:07.320 --> 00:01:10.096 They are about the size of a mattress. They are really big. 00:01:10.120 --> 00:01:12.616 They're not as thick as a mattress, but they are big. 00:01:12.640 --> 00:01:15.176 And the guy will tell the story as he turns the pages. 00:01:15.200 --> 00:01:17.376 And this one time I was flanked by my two kids 00:01:17.400 --> 00:01:20.176 and he turns the page and this poster is underneath, 00:01:20.200 --> 00:01:22.056 and right when I lean forward and say, 00:01:22.080 --> 00:01:24.736 "Oh my God, I love this poster," 00:01:24.760 --> 00:01:26.936 both of my kids jumped back and they are like, 00:01:26.960 --> 00:01:28.296 "Oh my God, mom, it's you." 00:01:28.320 --> 00:01:29.536 And this is the poster. 00:01:29.560 --> 00:01:30.856 (Laughter) 00:01:30.880 --> 00:01:33.136 See, I'm like "Fire it up!" 00:01:33.160 --> 00:01:35.696 The thing I loved about this poster was the irony. 00:01:35.720 --> 00:01:38.216 Here's this chick all fired up, headed into battle -- 00:01:38.240 --> 00:01:39.496 as the standard there -- 00:01:39.520 --> 00:01:42.536 and she's holding these little Suavitos baking spices, 00:01:42.560 --> 00:01:45.416 like something so seemingly insignificant, 00:01:45.440 --> 00:01:49.360 though she's willing to risk, you know, life and limb to promote this thing. 00:01:50.120 --> 00:01:53.696 So if you are to swap out those little Suavitos baking spices 00:01:53.720 --> 00:01:54.976 with a presentation -- 00:01:55.000 --> 00:01:57.336 Yeah, it's me, pretty fired up. 00:01:57.360 --> 00:01:59.016 I was fired up about presentations 00:01:59.040 --> 00:02:02.256 back when it wasn't cool to be fired up about presentations. 00:02:02.280 --> 00:02:04.856 I really think they have the power to change the world 00:02:04.880 --> 00:02:07.296 when you communicate effectively through them. 00:02:07.320 --> 00:02:09.496 And changing the world is hard. 00:02:09.520 --> 00:02:12.896 It won't happen with just one person with one single idea. 00:02:12.920 --> 00:02:16.296 That idea has got to spread, or it won't be effective. 00:02:16.320 --> 00:02:18.136 So it has to come out of you 00:02:18.160 --> 00:02:20.280 and out into the open for people to see. 00:02:21.600 --> 00:02:25.976 And the way that ideas are conveyed the most effectively is through story. 00:02:26.000 --> 00:02:27.616 You know, for thousands of years, 00:02:27.640 --> 00:02:31.056 illiterate generations would pass on their values and their culture 00:02:31.080 --> 00:02:32.776 from generation to generation, 00:02:32.800 --> 00:02:34.456 and they would stay intact. 00:02:34.480 --> 00:02:37.336 So there's something kind of magical about a story structure 00:02:37.360 --> 00:02:39.536 that makes it so that when it's assembled, 00:02:39.560 --> 00:02:41.816 it can be ingested and then recalled 00:02:41.840 --> 00:02:43.440 by the person who's receiving it. 00:02:44.600 --> 00:02:48.256 So basically a story, you get a physical reaction, 00:02:48.280 --> 00:02:51.096 your heart can race, your eyes can dilate, 00:02:51.120 --> 00:02:53.736 you could talk about, "Oh, I got a chill down my spine" 00:02:53.760 --> 00:02:55.976 or, "I could feel it in the pit of my stomach". 00:02:56.000 --> 00:02:59.056 We actually physically react when someone is telling us a story. 00:02:59.080 --> 00:03:01.816 So even though the stage is the same, a story can be told, 00:03:01.840 --> 00:03:04.536 but once a presentation is told, it completely flatlines. 00:03:04.560 --> 00:03:06.096 And I wanted to figure out why. 00:03:06.120 --> 00:03:09.496 Why is it that we physically sit with wrapped attention during a story, 00:03:09.520 --> 00:03:11.280 but it just dies for a presentation. 00:03:12.200 --> 00:03:15.736 So I wanted to figure out, how do you incorporate story into presentations. 00:03:15.760 --> 00:03:18.576 So we've had thousands of presentations back at the shop -- 00:03:18.600 --> 00:03:20.936 hundreds of thousands of presentations, actually, 00:03:20.960 --> 00:03:23.416 so I knew the context of a really bad presentation. 00:03:23.440 --> 00:03:26.096 I decided to study cinema and literature, 00:03:26.120 --> 00:03:28.496 and really dig in and figure out what was going on 00:03:28.520 --> 00:03:29.920 and why it was broken. 00:03:30.480 --> 00:03:33.376 So, I want to show you some of the findings 00:03:33.400 --> 00:03:36.920 that led up to what I've uncovered as a presentation form. 00:03:38.000 --> 00:03:40.056 So it was obvious to start with Aristotle, 00:03:40.080 --> 00:03:43.056 he had a three-act structure, a beginning, a middle and an end. 00:03:43.080 --> 00:03:44.656 We studied poetics and rhetoric, 00:03:44.680 --> 00:03:48.136 and a lot of presentations don't even have that in its most simple form. 00:03:48.160 --> 00:03:50.656 And then when I moved on to studying hero archetypes, 00:03:50.680 --> 00:03:52.736 I thought, "OK, the presenter is the hero, 00:03:52.760 --> 00:03:55.416 they are up on the stage, they're the star of the show." 00:03:55.440 --> 00:03:58.816 It's easy to feel, as the presenter, that you are the star of the show. 00:03:58.840 --> 00:04:01.176 I realized right away, that that's really broken. 00:04:01.200 --> 00:04:04.056 Because I have an idea, I can put it out there, 00:04:04.080 --> 00:04:06.776 but if you guys don't grab that idea and hold it as dear, 00:04:06.800 --> 00:04:09.296 the idea goes nowhere and the world is never changed. 00:04:09.320 --> 00:04:11.536 So in reality, the presenter isn't the hero, 00:04:11.560 --> 00:04:14.080 the audience is the hero of our idea. 00:04:14.680 --> 00:04:17.096 So if you look at Joseph Campbell's hero's journey, 00:04:17.120 --> 00:04:20.596 just in the front part, there were some really interesting insights there. 00:04:20.620 --> 00:04:23.016 So there is this likable hero in an ordinary world, 00:04:23.040 --> 00:04:24.776 and they get this call to adventure. 00:04:24.800 --> 00:04:27.016 So the world is kind of brought out of balance. 00:04:27.040 --> 00:04:28.576 And at first they're resistant. 00:04:28.600 --> 00:04:31.267 They're like, "I don't know if I want to jump into this", 00:04:31.291 --> 00:04:32.696 and then a mentor comes along 00:04:32.720 --> 00:04:34.856 and helps them move from their ordinary world 00:04:34.880 --> 00:04:36.096 into a special world. 00:04:36.120 --> 00:04:37.936 And that's the role of the presenter. 00:04:37.960 --> 00:04:40.936 It's to be the mentor. You are not Luke Skywalker, you're Yoda. 00:04:40.960 --> 00:04:43.176 You're the one that actually helps the audience 00:04:43.200 --> 00:04:46.776 move from one thing and into your new special idea, 00:04:46.800 --> 00:04:48.324 and that's the power of a story. 00:04:49.240 --> 00:04:53.096 So in its most simple structure, it's a three-part structure of a story. 00:04:53.120 --> 00:04:55.856 You have a likable hero who has a desire, 00:04:55.880 --> 00:04:57.536 they encounter a roadblock 00:04:57.560 --> 00:05:02.000 and ultimately they emerge, transform and that's the basic structure. 00:05:02.720 --> 00:05:06.056 But it wasn't until I came across a Gustav Freytag's pyramid -- 00:05:06.080 --> 00:05:09.016 he drew this shape in 1863. 00:05:09.040 --> 00:05:12.336 Now, he was a German dramatist -- 00:05:12.360 --> 00:05:13.616 He was a German dramatist 00:05:13.640 --> 00:05:16.536 and he believed there is a five-act structure, 00:05:16.560 --> 00:05:19.576 which has an exposition, a rising action, 00:05:19.600 --> 00:05:22.176 a climax, a falling action and a denouement, 00:05:22.200 --> 00:05:25.336 which is the unraveling or the resolution of the story. 00:05:25.360 --> 00:05:27.456 I love this shape. So we talk about shapes. 00:05:27.480 --> 00:05:29.856 A story has an arc -- well, an arc is a shape. 00:05:29.880 --> 00:05:33.080 We talk about classical music having a shapeliness to it. 00:05:33.600 --> 00:05:35.856 So I thought, hey, if presentations had a shape, 00:05:35.880 --> 00:05:37.136 what would that shape be? 00:05:37.160 --> 00:05:40.216 And how did the greatest communicators use that shape 00:05:40.240 --> 00:05:41.776 or do they use a shape? 00:05:41.800 --> 00:05:44.056 So I'll never forget, it was a Saturday morning. 00:05:44.080 --> 00:05:46.936 After all this study -- it was a couple of years of study -- 00:05:46.960 --> 00:05:48.176 I drew a shape. 00:05:48.200 --> 00:05:50.616 And I was like, "Oh my gosh, if this shape is real, 00:05:50.640 --> 00:05:53.656 I should be able to take two completely different presentations 00:05:53.680 --> 00:05:55.536 and overlay it and it should be true." 00:05:55.560 --> 00:05:56.816 So I took the obvious, 00:05:56.840 --> 00:05:59.296 I took Martin Luther King's "I Have a Dream" speech, 00:05:59.320 --> 00:06:01.696 and I took Steve Jobs' 2007 iPhone launch speech, 00:06:01.720 --> 00:06:04.056 I overlaid it over it and it worked. 00:06:04.080 --> 00:06:05.936 I sat in my office, just astounded. 00:06:05.960 --> 00:06:07.816 I actually cried a little, 00:06:07.840 --> 00:06:10.216 because I was like, "I've been given this gift," 00:06:10.240 --> 00:06:11.456 and here it is, 00:06:11.480 --> 00:06:13.520 this is the shape of a great presentation. 00:06:14.520 --> 00:06:16.096 Isn't it amazing? 00:06:16.120 --> 00:06:17.336 (Laughter) 00:06:17.360 --> 00:06:18.576 I was crying. 00:06:18.600 --> 00:06:21.176 I want to walk you through it, it's pretty astounding. 00:06:21.200 --> 00:06:24.816 There is a beginning, a middle and an end and I want to walk you through it. 00:06:24.840 --> 00:06:28.456 Because the greatest communicators -- I went through speeches, everything -- 00:06:28.480 --> 00:06:29.696 I can overlay the shape. 00:06:29.720 --> 00:06:31.896 Even the Gettysburg Address follows the shape. 00:06:31.920 --> 00:06:35.136 At the beginning of any presentation, you need to establish what is. 00:06:35.160 --> 00:06:37.816 You know, here's the status quo, here's what's going on. 00:06:37.840 --> 00:06:40.256 And then you need to compare that to what could be. 00:06:40.280 --> 00:06:43.136 You need to make that gap as big as possible, 00:06:43.160 --> 00:06:46.616 because there is this commonplace of the status quo 00:06:46.640 --> 00:06:49.576 and you need to contrast that with the loftiness of your idea. 00:06:49.600 --> 00:06:52.456 So it's like, you know, here's the past, here's the present, 00:06:52.480 --> 00:06:53.720 but look at our future. 00:06:54.240 --> 00:06:57.056 Here's a problem, but look at that problem removed. 00:06:57.080 --> 00:07:00.056 Here's a roadblock, let's annihilate the roadblock. 00:07:00.080 --> 00:07:02.136 You need to really amplify that gap. 00:07:02.160 --> 00:07:04.976 This would be like the inciting incident in a movie. 00:07:05.000 --> 00:07:07.256 That's when suddenly the audience has to contend 00:07:07.280 --> 00:07:08.856 with what you just put out there: 00:07:08.880 --> 00:07:11.776 "Wow, do I want to agree with this and align with it or not?" 00:07:11.800 --> 00:07:14.520 And in the rest of your presentation should support that. 00:07:15.280 --> 00:07:17.496 So the middle goes back and forth, 00:07:17.520 --> 00:07:19.736 it traverses between what is and what could be, 00:07:19.760 --> 00:07:21.056 what is and what could be. 00:07:21.080 --> 00:07:22.696 Because what you are trying to do 00:07:22.720 --> 00:07:25.816 is make the status quo and the normal unappealing, 00:07:25.840 --> 00:07:27.336 and you're wanting to draw them 00:07:27.360 --> 00:07:30.160 towards what could be in the future with your idea adopted. 00:07:30.560 --> 00:07:33.616 Now, on your way to change the world, people are going to resist. 00:07:33.640 --> 00:07:37.056 They are not going to be excited, they may love the world the way it is. 00:07:37.080 --> 00:07:38.616 So you'll encounter resistance. 00:07:38.640 --> 00:07:40.656 That's why you have to move back and forth, 00:07:40.680 --> 00:07:41.976 that's similar to sailing. 00:07:42.000 --> 00:07:45.136 When you're sailing against the wind and there is wind resistance, 00:07:45.160 --> 00:07:48.336 you have to move your boat back and forth, and back and forth. 00:07:48.360 --> 00:07:50.056 That's so you can capture the wind. 00:07:50.080 --> 00:07:52.096 You have to actually capture the resistance 00:07:52.120 --> 00:07:54.056 coming against you when you are sailing. 00:07:54.080 --> 00:07:56.496 Now interesting, if you capture the wind just right 00:07:56.520 --> 00:07:58.136 and you set your sail just right, 00:07:58.160 --> 00:08:00.856 your ship will actually sail faster than the wind itself. 00:08:00.880 --> 00:08:02.216 It is a physics phenomenon. 00:08:02.240 --> 00:08:03.496 So by planting in there, 00:08:03.520 --> 00:08:06.536 the way they're going to resist between what is and what can be, 00:08:06.560 --> 00:08:08.816 is actually going to draw them towards your idea 00:08:08.840 --> 00:08:10.576 quicker than should you not do that. 00:08:10.600 --> 00:08:14.056 So after you've moved back and forth between what is and what could be, 00:08:14.080 --> 00:08:16.096 the last turning point is a call to action, 00:08:16.120 --> 00:08:18.936 which every presentation should have, but at the very end. 00:08:18.960 --> 00:08:21.136 You need to describe the world as a new bliss. 00:08:21.160 --> 00:08:23.456 "This is utopia with my idea adopted." 00:08:23.480 --> 00:08:25.576 "This is the way the world is going to look, 00:08:25.600 --> 00:08:28.096 when we join together and we solve this big problem." 00:08:28.120 --> 00:08:29.856 You need to use that as your ending, 00:08:29.880 --> 00:08:31.920 in a very poetic and dramatic way. 00:08:33.080 --> 00:08:35.496 So, interestingly, when I was done, 00:08:35.520 --> 00:08:39.015 I was like, "You know what? I could use this as an analysis tool." 00:08:39.039 --> 00:08:41.056 I actually transcribe speeches 00:08:41.080 --> 00:08:44.496 and I would actually map out, how much they map to this tool. 00:08:44.520 --> 00:08:46.473 So I want to show you some of that today, 00:08:46.497 --> 00:08:48.576 and I want to start with the very two people 00:08:48.600 --> 00:08:50.016 that I used when I first did. 00:08:50.040 --> 00:08:52.816 Here's Mr. Jobs, has completely changed the world. 00:08:52.840 --> 00:08:56.016 Changed the world of personal computing, changed the music industry 00:08:56.040 --> 00:08:58.976 and now he is on his way to change the mobile device industry. 00:08:59.000 --> 00:09:00.896 So he has definitely changed the world. 00:09:00.920 --> 00:09:03.896 And this is the shape of his iPhone launch 2007, 00:09:03.920 --> 00:09:05.296 when he launched his iPhone. 00:09:05.320 --> 00:09:08.216 It's a 90-minute talk and you can see he starts with what is, 00:09:08.240 --> 00:09:10.800 traverses back and forth and ends with what could be. 00:09:11.800 --> 00:09:13.616 So I want to zoom in on this: 00:09:13.640 --> 00:09:16.976 the white line is him speaking, he's talking. 00:09:17.000 --> 00:09:19.216 The next color line you'll see popped up there, 00:09:19.240 --> 00:09:20.656 that's when he cuts to video. 00:09:20.680 --> 00:09:22.936 So he's adding some variety and he cuts to demo. 00:09:22.960 --> 00:09:25.056 So it's not just him talking the whole time. 00:09:25.080 --> 00:09:27.520 And these lines are representative there. 00:09:28.400 --> 00:09:30.656 And then towards the end you'll see a blue line, 00:09:30.680 --> 00:09:32.256 which will be the guest speaker. 00:09:32.280 --> 00:09:34.416 So this is where it gets kind of interesting: 00:09:34.440 --> 00:09:36.736 every tick mark here is when he made them laugh. 00:09:36.760 --> 00:09:39.256 And every tick mark here is when he made them clap. 00:09:39.280 --> 00:09:41.136 They are so involved physically, 00:09:41.160 --> 00:09:43.536 they are physically reacting to what he is saying, 00:09:43.560 --> 00:09:44.936 which is actually fantastic, 00:09:44.960 --> 00:09:48.016 because then you know you have the audience in your hand. 00:09:48.040 --> 00:09:51.136 So he kicks off what could be with, 00:09:51.160 --> 00:09:54.496 "This is a day I've been looking forward to for two and a half years." 00:09:54.520 --> 00:09:55.936 So he is launching a product 00:09:55.960 --> 00:09:58.416 that he's known about already for a couple of years. 00:09:58.440 --> 00:10:00.176 So this is not a new product to him. 00:10:00.200 --> 00:10:01.416 But look at this, 00:10:01.440 --> 00:10:03.256 he does this other thing: he marvels. 00:10:03.280 --> 00:10:04.736 He marvels at his own product. 00:10:04.760 --> 00:10:07.496 He marvels himself more than the audience laughs or claps. 00:10:07.520 --> 00:10:11.016 So he is like, "Isn't this awesome? Isn't this beautiful?" 00:10:11.040 --> 00:10:14.616 He is modeling for the audience what he wants them to feel. 00:10:14.640 --> 00:10:18.680 So he is actually doing a job of compelling them to feel a certain way. 00:10:19.440 --> 00:10:22.936 So he kicks off with what could be with, "Every once in a while, 00:10:22.960 --> 00:10:25.896 a revolutionary product comes along that changes everything." 00:10:25.920 --> 00:10:28.536 So he starts to kick in and talk about his new product. 00:10:28.560 --> 00:10:31.456 Now, at the beginning of it, he actually keeps the phone off. 00:10:31.480 --> 00:10:34.536 You'll see that the line is pretty wide up until this point, 00:10:34.560 --> 00:10:35.976 so he goes off between, 00:10:36.000 --> 00:10:38.936 "Here's this new phone and here's the sucky competitors. 00:10:38.960 --> 00:10:42.176 Here's this new phone and here's the sucking competitors." 00:10:42.200 --> 00:10:44.976 And then, right about here, he has the star moment -- 00:10:45.000 --> 00:10:47.096 and that something we'll always remember. 00:10:47.120 --> 00:10:48.616 He turns the phone on. 00:10:48.640 --> 00:10:50.856 The audience sees scrolling for the first time, 00:10:50.880 --> 00:10:53.096 you can hear the oxygen sucked out of the room. 00:10:53.120 --> 00:10:54.976 They gasped. You can actually hear it. 00:10:55.000 --> 00:10:57.456 So he creates a moment that they'll always remember. 00:10:57.480 --> 00:10:59.976 So if we move along this model, you can see the blue, 00:11:00.000 --> 00:11:02.016 where the external speakers are going in, 00:11:02.040 --> 00:11:04.216 and towards the bottom right, the line breaks. 00:11:04.240 --> 00:11:05.856 That's because his clicker broke. 00:11:05.880 --> 00:11:08.376 He wants to keep this heightened sense of excitement. 00:11:08.400 --> 00:11:09.896 He tells a personal story, 00:11:09.920 --> 00:11:12.096 right there, where the technology didn't work. 00:11:12.120 --> 00:11:13.696 So he is the master communicator 00:11:13.720 --> 00:11:16.160 and he turns to story to keep the audience involved. 00:11:16.600 --> 00:11:18.976 So the top right he ends with the new bliss. 00:11:19.000 --> 00:11:20.576 He leaves them with the promise 00:11:20.600 --> 00:11:24.176 that Apple will continue to build revolutionary new products. 00:11:24.200 --> 00:11:25.400 And he says, 00:11:26.320 --> 00:11:28.576 "There's an old Wayne Gretzky quote that I love: 00:11:28.600 --> 00:11:31.856 'I skate to where the puck is going to be, not to where it has been.' 00:11:31.880 --> 00:11:34.856 We've always tried to do that at Apple since the very beginning 00:11:34.880 --> 00:11:36.136 and we always will." 00:11:36.160 --> 00:11:37.616 So he ends with the new bliss. 00:11:37.640 --> 00:11:38.896 So let's look at Mr. King. 00:11:38.920 --> 00:11:41.456 He was an amazing visionary, a clergyman 00:11:41.480 --> 00:11:44.136 who spent his life working hard for equality. 00:11:44.160 --> 00:11:46.816 And this is the shape of the "I Have a Dream" speech. 00:11:46.840 --> 00:11:48.536 You can see he starts with what is, 00:11:48.560 --> 00:11:51.136 moves back and forth between what is and what could be 00:11:51.160 --> 00:11:55.296 and ends with a very poetic new bliss, which is the famous part we all know. 00:11:55.320 --> 00:11:57.576 So I'm going to spread it out a little bit here, 00:11:57.600 --> 00:11:59.256 stretch it for you, 00:11:59.280 --> 00:12:02.136 and what I'm doing here is I put the actual transcript there 00:12:02.160 --> 00:12:03.376 along with the text. 00:12:03.400 --> 00:12:04.616 I know you can't read it. 00:12:04.640 --> 00:12:07.136 But at the end of every line break, I broke the line, 00:12:07.160 --> 00:12:09.056 because he took a breath and he paused. 00:12:09.080 --> 00:12:12.416 Now he was a Southern Baptist preacher, most people haven't heard that, 00:12:12.440 --> 00:12:15.976 so he had a real cadence and a rhythm that was really new for people there. 00:12:16.000 --> 00:12:18.496 So I want to cover up these lines of text with a bar 00:12:18.520 --> 00:12:21.378 because I want to use this bar as an information device here. 00:12:21.920 --> 00:12:24.800 So let's walk through how he actually spoke to the people. 00:12:26.040 --> 00:12:28.256 The blue bars here are going to be when he used 00:12:28.280 --> 00:12:30.376 the actual rhetorical device of repetition. 00:12:30.400 --> 00:12:31.776 So he was repeating himself, 00:12:31.800 --> 00:12:33.736 he was using the same words and phrases, 00:12:33.760 --> 00:12:35.880 so people could remember and recall them. 00:12:36.640 --> 00:12:39.376 But then he also used a lot of metaphors and visual words. 00:12:39.400 --> 00:12:41.936 This was a way to take really complicated ideas 00:12:41.960 --> 00:12:44.936 and make them memorable and knowledgeable, so people got it. 00:12:44.960 --> 00:12:46.456 He actually created very -- 00:12:46.480 --> 00:12:48.616 almost like scenes with his words to make it, 00:12:48.640 --> 00:12:50.640 so they could envision what he was saying. 00:12:51.560 --> 00:12:55.216 And then there were also a lot of familiar songs and scriptures that he used. 00:12:55.240 --> 00:12:57.736 This is just the front end of it that you are seeing. 00:12:57.760 --> 00:13:00.176 And then he also made a lot of political references 00:13:00.200 --> 00:13:02.336 of the promises that were made to the people. 00:13:02.360 --> 00:13:04.576 So if we look at the very first end of what is, 00:13:04.600 --> 00:13:06.976 at the very end of what is was the very first time 00:13:07.000 --> 00:13:09.616 that people actually clapped and roared really loud. 00:13:09.640 --> 00:13:11.776 So the end of what is what he did is he said, 00:13:11.800 --> 00:13:14.056 "America has given the Negro people a bad check, 00:13:14.080 --> 00:13:16.696 a check which has come back marked insufficient funds." 00:13:16.720 --> 00:13:20.016 Well, everyone knows what it's like to not have money in your account. 00:13:20.040 --> 00:13:22.656 So he used the metaphor people were very familiar with. 00:13:22.680 --> 00:13:24.256 But when they really charged up, 00:13:24.280 --> 00:13:26.416 the very first time they really screamed was: 00:13:26.440 --> 00:13:28.496 "So we have come to cash this check, 00:13:28.520 --> 00:13:30.616 a check that will give us upon demand 00:13:30.640 --> 00:13:33.416 the riches of freedom and the security of justice." 00:13:33.440 --> 00:13:35.016 That's when they really clapped. 00:13:35.040 --> 00:13:38.176 It was when he compared what currently is to what could be. 00:13:38.200 --> 00:13:40.736 So when we move along a little farther in the model, 00:13:40.760 --> 00:13:43.656 you'll see it goes back and forth in a more frenzied pace. 00:13:43.680 --> 00:13:46.536 And this is when he goes back and forth, and back and forth. 00:13:46.560 --> 00:13:48.176 Now the audience was in a frenzy. 00:13:48.200 --> 00:13:50.776 They were all excited, and so you can actually do this 00:13:50.800 --> 00:13:53.400 to keep them in a heightened sense of excitement. 00:13:54.080 --> 00:13:55.560 So he says, "I have a dream 00:13:56.720 --> 00:14:01.096 that one day this nation will rise up and live out the meaning of its creed. 00:14:01.120 --> 00:14:04.816 'We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.'" 00:14:04.840 --> 00:14:08.096 So he uses the little orange text there to remind them of the promise 00:14:08.120 --> 00:14:11.296 that the politicians had made to him or that this country had made. 00:14:11.320 --> 00:14:13.056 Then he moves back and forth between 00:14:13.080 --> 00:14:15.795 "I have a dream that one day, I have a dream that one day, 00:14:15.819 --> 00:14:17.216 I have a dream that one day", 00:14:17.240 --> 00:14:19.336 and at the end, it gets really interesting. 00:14:19.360 --> 00:14:22.216 Because he uses -- you can look at the four shades of green, 00:14:22.240 --> 00:14:25.136 there's a lot of blue there, which was a lot of repetition -- 00:14:25.160 --> 00:14:27.096 he had a heightened sense of repetition. 00:14:27.120 --> 00:14:30.256 And the green was a heightened sense of songs and scriptures. 00:14:30.280 --> 00:14:32.056 So the first batch of green 00:14:32.080 --> 00:14:34.616 was the actual scripture from the book of Isaiah. 00:14:34.640 --> 00:14:37.896 The second batch of green was "My Country, 'Tis of Thee." 00:14:37.920 --> 00:14:41.216 Now, that's a familiar song that was specifically very significant 00:14:41.240 --> 00:14:42.856 for the black people at the time, 00:14:42.880 --> 00:14:47.096 because this song was the song they chose to change the words to as an outcry, 00:14:47.120 --> 00:14:49.080 saying that promises had not been kept. 00:14:49.720 --> 00:14:53.736 So the third batch of green was actually a stanza from "My Country, 'Tis of Thee." 00:14:53.760 --> 00:14:55.920 And then the fourth was a Negro spiritual. 00:14:56.800 --> 00:14:59.943 "Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, I'm free at last!" 00:14:59.967 --> 00:15:04.336 So what he did is he actually reached inside of the hearts of the audience. 00:15:04.360 --> 00:15:06.536 He pulled from scriptures, which is important. 00:15:06.560 --> 00:15:08.776 He pulled from songs that they'd sung together, 00:15:08.800 --> 00:15:10.456 as an outcry against this outrage, 00:15:10.480 --> 00:15:13.896 and he used those as a device to connect and resonate with the audience. 00:15:13.920 --> 00:15:16.216 Ending -- painting a picture of this new bliss, 00:15:16.240 --> 00:15:19.680 using the very things inside of them that they already held as sacred. 00:15:21.080 --> 00:15:23.936 So he was a great man. He had a big, big dream. 00:15:23.960 --> 00:15:26.896 There's a lot of people here, you guys have really big dreams. 00:15:26.920 --> 00:15:28.856 There are really big ideas inside of you 00:15:28.880 --> 00:15:30.096 that you need to get out. 00:15:30.120 --> 00:15:32.120 But you know what? We encounter hardships. 00:15:32.144 --> 00:15:33.776 It's not easy to change the world, 00:15:33.800 --> 00:15:35.336 it's a big job. 00:15:35.360 --> 00:15:36.616 You know he was -- 00:15:36.640 --> 00:15:39.376 his house was bombed, he was stabbed with a letter opener, 00:15:39.400 --> 00:15:40.816 ultimately, he lost his life, 00:15:40.840 --> 00:15:42.656 you know, for what he cared about. 00:15:42.680 --> 00:15:46.776 But a lot of us aren't going to be required to pay that kind of sacrifice. 00:15:46.800 --> 00:15:48.056 But what happens is 00:15:48.080 --> 00:15:51.376 that it basically is a little bit like that basic story structure. 00:15:51.400 --> 00:15:52.776 Life can be like that. 00:15:52.800 --> 00:15:55.056 You know, you guys are all likable people, 00:15:55.080 --> 00:15:58.136 you have a desire, you encounter roadblocks, 00:15:58.160 --> 00:15:59.536 and we stop there. 00:15:59.560 --> 00:16:01.656 We're just like, you know, "I had this idea, 00:16:01.680 --> 00:16:03.536 but I'm not going to put it out there. 00:16:03.560 --> 00:16:04.816 It's been rejected." 00:16:04.840 --> 00:16:08.736 You know, we self-sabotage our own ideas, 00:16:08.760 --> 00:16:12.216 we just butt up against the roadblocks and butt up against the roadblocks 00:16:12.240 --> 00:16:14.696 instead of choosing to let the struggle transform us 00:16:14.720 --> 00:16:17.960 and choosing to go ahead and have a dream and make it real. 00:16:18.400 --> 00:16:22.656 And you know, if anyone -- if I can do this, anybody can do this. 00:16:22.680 --> 00:16:26.376 I was raised in an economically and emotionally starved environment. 00:16:26.400 --> 00:16:30.056 First time I got to go to a camp with my sister, I was abused. 00:16:30.080 --> 00:16:33.296 Wasn't the first time I was abused, it was just the most aggressive. 00:16:33.320 --> 00:16:36.056 And my mom and dad -- they married each other three times, 00:16:36.080 --> 00:16:37.296 (Audience murmurs) 00:16:37.320 --> 00:16:40.336 Yeah, that was tumultuous and when they weren't fighting 00:16:40.360 --> 00:16:43.456 they were helping sober up some alcoholic that was living with us 00:16:43.480 --> 00:16:45.416 because they were both sober alcoholics. 00:16:45.440 --> 00:16:47.896 So my mom abandoned us when I was sixteen years old. 00:16:47.920 --> 00:16:51.256 And I took on a role of caretaker of my home and of my siblings. 00:16:51.280 --> 00:16:54.416 And I married. I met a man. 00:16:54.440 --> 00:16:56.696 Fell in love. I went to a year of college. 00:16:56.720 --> 00:16:59.296 I did what every single bright young girl should do, 00:16:59.320 --> 00:17:01.656 it's I got married when I was eighteen years old. 00:17:01.680 --> 00:17:02.936 And you know what? 00:17:02.960 --> 00:17:05.455 I knew, I knew 00:17:05.480 --> 00:17:07.496 that I was born for more than this. 00:17:07.520 --> 00:17:10.576 And right at the point in the story of my life I had a choice. 00:17:10.599 --> 00:17:13.415 I could let all these things push me down 00:17:13.440 --> 00:17:15.616 and I could let all my ideas die inside of me. 00:17:15.640 --> 00:17:18.695 I could just say, you know, life is too hard to change the world. 00:17:18.720 --> 00:17:19.935 It's just too tough. 00:17:19.960 --> 00:17:22.040 But I chose a different story for my life. 00:17:22.839 --> 00:17:24.175 (Laughter) 00:17:24.200 --> 00:17:25.599 Don't you know it? 00:17:26.760 --> 00:17:29.096 And so I feel like there's people in this room -- 00:17:29.120 --> 00:17:31.216 you got those little Suavitos baking spices 00:17:31.240 --> 00:17:34.016 and you're just like, "You know, It's not that big a deal." 00:17:34.040 --> 00:17:36.256 "It's really not the whole world I can change." 00:17:36.280 --> 00:17:38.185 But you know, you can change your world. 00:17:38.209 --> 00:17:39.416 You can change your life. 00:17:39.440 --> 00:17:41.896 You can change the world that you have control over, 00:17:41.920 --> 00:17:43.456 you can change your sphere. 00:17:43.480 --> 00:17:45.147 I want to encourage you to do that. 00:17:45.680 --> 00:17:46.936 Because you know what? 00:17:46.960 --> 00:17:49.800 The future isn't a place that we're going to go. 00:17:50.360 --> 00:17:53.240 It's a place that you get to create. 00:17:53.953 --> 00:17:56.096 I want to thank you. Bless you. God bless you. 00:17:56.120 --> 00:17:57.440 (Applause)