1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:02,616 It's really, really great to be here. 2 00:00:02,640 --> 00:00:04,536 You have the power to change the world. 3 00:00:04,560 --> 00:00:06,216 I’m not saying that to be cliché, 4 00:00:06,240 --> 00:00:08,560 you really have the power to change the world. 5 00:00:09,040 --> 00:00:11,136 Deep inside of you, every single one of you 6 00:00:11,160 --> 00:00:14,400 has the most powerful device known to man. 7 00:00:15,080 --> 00:00:16,280 And that's an idea. 8 00:00:17,240 --> 00:00:20,296 So a single idea, from the human mind, 9 00:00:20,320 --> 00:00:21,856 it could start the ground swell, 10 00:00:21,880 --> 00:00:24,656 it could be a flash point for a movement 11 00:00:24,680 --> 00:00:27,456 and it can actually rewrite our future. 12 00:00:27,480 --> 00:00:30,176 But an idea is powerless 13 00:00:30,200 --> 00:00:32,016 if it stays inside of you. 14 00:00:32,040 --> 00:00:35,096 If you never pull that idea out for others to contend with, 15 00:00:35,120 --> 00:00:36,320 it will die with you. 16 00:00:37,120 --> 00:00:40,416 Now, maybe some of you guys have tried to convey your idea 17 00:00:40,440 --> 00:00:42,336 and it wasn't adopted, it was rejected, 18 00:00:42,360 --> 00:00:45,216 and some other mediocre or average idea was adopted. 19 00:00:45,240 --> 00:00:49,576 And the only difference between those two is in the way it was communicated. 20 00:00:49,600 --> 00:00:52,416 Because if you communicate an idea in a way that resonates, 21 00:00:52,440 --> 00:00:55,080 change will happen and you can change the world. 22 00:00:55,880 --> 00:00:58,536 In my family, we collect these vintage European posters. 23 00:00:58,560 --> 00:01:01,016 Every time we go to Maui, we go to the dealer there 24 00:01:01,040 --> 00:01:02,856 and he turns these great big posters. 25 00:01:02,880 --> 00:01:04,696 I love them. They all have one idea 26 00:01:04,720 --> 00:01:07,296 and one really clear visual that conveys the idea. 27 00:01:07,320 --> 00:01:10,096 They are about the size of a mattress. They are really big. 28 00:01:10,120 --> 00:01:12,616 They're not as thick as a mattress, but they are big. 29 00:01:12,640 --> 00:01:15,176 And the guy will tell the story as he turns the pages. 30 00:01:15,200 --> 00:01:17,376 And this one time I was flanked by my two kids 31 00:01:17,400 --> 00:01:20,176 and he turns the page and this poster is underneath, 32 00:01:20,200 --> 00:01:22,056 and right when I lean forward and say, 33 00:01:22,080 --> 00:01:24,736 "Oh my God, I love this poster," 34 00:01:24,760 --> 00:01:26,936 both of my kids jumped back and they are like, 35 00:01:26,960 --> 00:01:28,296 "Oh my God, mom, it's you." 36 00:01:28,320 --> 00:01:29,536 And this is the poster. 37 00:01:29,560 --> 00:01:30,856 (Laughter) 38 00:01:30,880 --> 00:01:33,136 See, I'm like "Fire it up!" 39 00:01:33,160 --> 00:01:35,696 The thing I loved about this poster was the irony. 40 00:01:35,720 --> 00:01:38,216 Here's this chick all fired up, headed into battle -- 41 00:01:38,240 --> 00:01:39,496 as the standard there -- 42 00:01:39,520 --> 00:01:42,536 and she's holding these little Suavitos baking spices, 43 00:01:42,560 --> 00:01:45,416 like something so seemingly insignificant, 44 00:01:45,440 --> 00:01:49,360 though she's willing to risk, you know, life and limb to promote this thing. 45 00:01:50,120 --> 00:01:53,696 So if you are to swap out those little Suavitos baking spices 46 00:01:53,720 --> 00:01:54,976 with a presentation -- 47 00:01:55,000 --> 00:01:57,336 Yeah, it's me, pretty fired up. 48 00:01:57,360 --> 00:01:59,016 I was fired up about presentations 49 00:01:59,040 --> 00:02:02,256 back when it wasn't cool to be fired up about presentations. 50 00:02:02,280 --> 00:02:04,856 I really think they have the power to change the world 51 00:02:04,880 --> 00:02:07,296 when you communicate effectively through them. 52 00:02:07,320 --> 00:02:09,496 And changing the world is hard. 53 00:02:09,520 --> 00:02:12,896 It won't happen with just one person with one single idea. 54 00:02:12,920 --> 00:02:16,296 That idea has got to spread, or it won't be effective. 55 00:02:16,320 --> 00:02:18,136 So it has to come out of you 56 00:02:18,160 --> 00:02:20,280 and out into the open for people to see. 57 00:02:21,600 --> 00:02:25,976 And the way that ideas are conveyed the most effectively is through story. 58 00:02:26,000 --> 00:02:27,616 You know, for thousands of years, 59 00:02:27,640 --> 00:02:31,056 illiterate generations would pass on their values and their culture 60 00:02:31,080 --> 00:02:32,776 from generation to generation, 61 00:02:32,800 --> 00:02:34,456 and they would stay intact. 62 00:02:34,480 --> 00:02:37,336 So there's something kind of magical about a story structure 63 00:02:37,360 --> 00:02:39,536 that makes it so that when it's assembled, 64 00:02:39,560 --> 00:02:41,816 it can be ingested and then recalled 65 00:02:41,840 --> 00:02:43,440 by the person who's receiving it. 66 00:02:44,600 --> 00:02:48,256 So basically a story, you get a physical reaction, 67 00:02:48,280 --> 00:02:51,096 your heart can race, your eyes can dilate, 68 00:02:51,120 --> 00:02:53,736 you could talk about, "Oh, I got a chill down my spine" 69 00:02:53,760 --> 00:02:55,976 or, "I could feel it in the pit of my stomach". 70 00:02:56,000 --> 00:02:59,056 We actually physically react when someone is telling us a story. 71 00:02:59,080 --> 00:03:01,816 So even though the stage is the same, a story can be told, 72 00:03:01,840 --> 00:03:04,536 but once a presentation is told, it completely flatlines. 73 00:03:04,560 --> 00:03:06,096 And I wanted to figure out why. 74 00:03:06,120 --> 00:03:09,496 Why is it that we physically sit with wrapped attention during a story, 75 00:03:09,520 --> 00:03:11,280 but it just dies for a presentation. 76 00:03:12,200 --> 00:03:15,736 So I wanted to figure out, how do you incorporate story into presentations. 77 00:03:15,760 --> 00:03:18,576 So we've had thousands of presentations back at the shop -- 78 00:03:18,600 --> 00:03:20,936 hundreds of thousands of presentations, actually, 79 00:03:20,960 --> 00:03:23,416 so I knew the context of a really bad presentation. 80 00:03:23,440 --> 00:03:26,096 I decided to study cinema and literature, 81 00:03:26,120 --> 00:03:28,496 and really dig in and figure out what was going on 82 00:03:28,520 --> 00:03:29,920 and why it was broken. 83 00:03:30,480 --> 00:03:33,376 So, I want to show you some of the findings 84 00:03:33,400 --> 00:03:36,920 that led up to what I've uncovered as a presentation form. 85 00:03:38,000 --> 00:03:40,056 So it was obvious to start with Aristotle, 86 00:03:40,080 --> 00:03:43,056 he had a three-act structure, a beginning, a middle and an end. 87 00:03:43,080 --> 00:03:44,656 We studied poetics and rhetoric, 88 00:03:44,680 --> 00:03:48,136 and a lot of presentations don't even have that in its most simple form. 89 00:03:48,160 --> 00:03:50,656 And then when I moved on to studying hero archetypes, 90 00:03:50,680 --> 00:03:52,736 I thought, "OK, the presenter is the hero, 91 00:03:52,760 --> 00:03:55,416 they are up on the stage, they're the star of the show." 92 00:03:55,440 --> 00:03:58,816 It's easy to feel, as the presenter, that you are the star of the show. 93 00:03:58,840 --> 00:04:01,176 I realized right away, that that's really broken. 94 00:04:01,200 --> 00:04:04,056 Because I have an idea, I can put it out there, 95 00:04:04,080 --> 00:04:06,776 but if you guys don't grab that idea and hold it as dear, 96 00:04:06,800 --> 00:04:09,296 the idea goes nowhere and the world is never changed. 97 00:04:09,320 --> 00:04:11,536 So in reality, the presenter isn't the hero, 98 00:04:11,560 --> 00:04:14,080 the audience is the hero of our idea. 99 00:04:14,680 --> 00:04:17,096 So if you look at Joseph Campbell's hero's journey, 100 00:04:17,120 --> 00:04:20,596 just in the front part, there were some really interesting insights there. 101 00:04:20,620 --> 00:04:23,016 So there is this likable hero in an ordinary world, 102 00:04:23,040 --> 00:04:24,776 and they get this call to adventure. 103 00:04:24,800 --> 00:04:27,016 So the world is kind of brought out of balance. 104 00:04:27,040 --> 00:04:28,576 And at first they're resistant. 105 00:04:28,600 --> 00:04:31,267 They're like, "I don't know if I want to jump into this", 106 00:04:31,291 --> 00:04:32,696 and then a mentor comes along 107 00:04:32,720 --> 00:04:34,856 and helps them move from their ordinary world 108 00:04:34,880 --> 00:04:36,096 into a special world. 109 00:04:36,120 --> 00:04:37,936 And that's the role of the presenter. 110 00:04:37,960 --> 00:04:40,936 It's to be the mentor. You are not Luke Skywalker, you're Yoda. 111 00:04:40,960 --> 00:04:43,176 You're the one that actually helps the audience 112 00:04:43,200 --> 00:04:46,776 move from one thing and into your new special idea, 113 00:04:46,800 --> 00:04:48,324 and that's the power of a story. 114 00:04:49,240 --> 00:04:53,096 So in its most simple structure, it's a three-part structure of a story. 115 00:04:53,120 --> 00:04:55,856 You have a likable hero who has a desire, 116 00:04:55,880 --> 00:04:57,536 they encounter a roadblock 117 00:04:57,560 --> 00:05:02,000 and ultimately they emerge, transform and that's the basic structure. 118 00:05:02,720 --> 00:05:06,056 But it wasn't until I came across a Gustav Freytag's pyramid -- 119 00:05:06,080 --> 00:05:09,016 he drew this shape in 1863. 120 00:05:09,040 --> 00:05:12,336 Now, he was a German dramatist -- 121 00:05:12,360 --> 00:05:13,616 He was a German dramatist 122 00:05:13,640 --> 00:05:16,536 and he believed there is a five-act structure, 123 00:05:16,560 --> 00:05:19,576 which has an exposition, a rising action, 124 00:05:19,600 --> 00:05:22,176 a climax, a falling action and a denouement, 125 00:05:22,200 --> 00:05:25,336 which is the unraveling or the resolution of the story. 126 00:05:25,360 --> 00:05:27,456 I love this shape. So we talk about shapes. 127 00:05:27,480 --> 00:05:29,856 A story has an arc -- well, an arc is a shape. 128 00:05:29,880 --> 00:05:33,080 We talk about classical music having a shapeliness to it. 129 00:05:33,600 --> 00:05:35,856 So I thought, hey, if presentations had a shape, 130 00:05:35,880 --> 00:05:37,136 what would that shape be? 131 00:05:37,160 --> 00:05:40,216 And how did the greatest communicators use that shape 132 00:05:40,240 --> 00:05:41,776 or do they use a shape? 133 00:05:41,800 --> 00:05:44,056 So I'll never forget, it was a Saturday morning. 134 00:05:44,080 --> 00:05:46,936 After all this study -- it was a couple of years of study -- 135 00:05:46,960 --> 00:05:48,176 I drew a shape. 136 00:05:48,200 --> 00:05:50,616 And I was like, "Oh my gosh, if this shape is real, 137 00:05:50,640 --> 00:05:53,656 I should be able to take two completely different presentations 138 00:05:53,680 --> 00:05:55,536 and overlay it and it should be true." 139 00:05:55,560 --> 00:05:56,816 So I took the obvious, 140 00:05:56,840 --> 00:05:59,296 I took Martin Luther King's "I Have a Dream" speech, 141 00:05:59,320 --> 00:06:01,696 and I took Steve Jobs' 2007 iPhone launch speech, 142 00:06:01,720 --> 00:06:04,056 I overlaid it over it and it worked. 143 00:06:04,080 --> 00:06:05,936 I sat in my office, just astounded. 144 00:06:05,960 --> 00:06:07,816 I actually cried a little, 145 00:06:07,840 --> 00:06:10,216 because I was like, "I've been given this gift," 146 00:06:10,240 --> 00:06:11,456 and here it is, 147 00:06:11,480 --> 00:06:13,520 this is the shape of a great presentation. 148 00:06:14,520 --> 00:06:16,096 Isn't it amazing? 149 00:06:16,120 --> 00:06:17,336 (Laughter) 150 00:06:17,360 --> 00:06:18,576 I was crying. 151 00:06:18,600 --> 00:06:21,176 I want to walk you through it, it's pretty astounding. 152 00:06:21,200 --> 00:06:24,816 There is a beginning, a middle and an end and I want to walk you through it. 153 00:06:24,840 --> 00:06:28,456 Because the greatest communicators -- I went through speeches, everything -- 154 00:06:28,480 --> 00:06:29,696 I can overlay the shape. 155 00:06:29,720 --> 00:06:31,896 Even the Gettysburg Address follows the shape. 156 00:06:31,920 --> 00:06:35,136 At the beginning of any presentation, you need to establish what is. 157 00:06:35,160 --> 00:06:37,816 You know, here's the status quo, here's what's going on. 158 00:06:37,840 --> 00:06:40,256 And then you need to compare that to what could be. 159 00:06:40,280 --> 00:06:43,136 You need to make that gap as big as possible, 160 00:06:43,160 --> 00:06:46,616 because there is this commonplace of the status quo 161 00:06:46,640 --> 00:06:49,576 and you need to contrast that with the loftiness of your idea. 162 00:06:49,600 --> 00:06:52,456 So it's like, you know, here's the past, here's the present, 163 00:06:52,480 --> 00:06:53,720 but look at our future. 164 00:06:54,240 --> 00:06:57,056 Here's a problem, but look at that problem removed. 165 00:06:57,080 --> 00:07:00,056 Here's a roadblock, let's annihilate the roadblock. 166 00:07:00,080 --> 00:07:02,136 You need to really amplify that gap. 167 00:07:02,160 --> 00:07:04,976 This would be like the inciting incident in a movie. 168 00:07:05,000 --> 00:07:07,256 That's when suddenly the audience has to contend 169 00:07:07,280 --> 00:07:08,856 with what you just put out there: 170 00:07:08,880 --> 00:07:11,776 "Wow, do I want to agree with this and align with it or not?" 171 00:07:11,800 --> 00:07:14,520 And in the rest of your presentation should support that. 172 00:07:15,280 --> 00:07:17,496 So the middle goes back and forth, 173 00:07:17,520 --> 00:07:19,736 it traverses between what is and what could be, 174 00:07:19,760 --> 00:07:21,056 what is and what could be. 175 00:07:21,080 --> 00:07:22,696 Because what you are trying to do 176 00:07:22,720 --> 00:07:25,816 is make the status quo and the normal unappealing, 177 00:07:25,840 --> 00:07:27,336 and you're wanting to draw them 178 00:07:27,360 --> 00:07:30,160 towards what could be in the future with your idea adopted. 179 00:07:30,560 --> 00:07:33,616 Now, on your way to change the world, people are going to resist. 180 00:07:33,640 --> 00:07:37,056 They are not going to be excited, they may love the world the way it is. 181 00:07:37,080 --> 00:07:38,616 So you'll encounter resistance. 182 00:07:38,640 --> 00:07:40,656 That's why you have to move back and forth, 183 00:07:40,680 --> 00:07:41,976 that's similar to sailing. 184 00:07:42,000 --> 00:07:45,136 When you're sailing against the wind and there is wind resistance, 185 00:07:45,160 --> 00:07:48,336 you have to move your boat back and forth, and back and forth. 186 00:07:48,360 --> 00:07:50,056 That's so you can capture the wind. 187 00:07:50,080 --> 00:07:52,096 You have to actually capture the resistance 188 00:07:52,120 --> 00:07:54,056 coming against you when you are sailing. 189 00:07:54,080 --> 00:07:56,496 Now interesting, if you capture the wind just right 190 00:07:56,520 --> 00:07:58,136 and you set your sail just right, 191 00:07:58,160 --> 00:08:00,856 your ship will actually sail faster than the wind itself. 192 00:08:00,880 --> 00:08:02,216 It is a physics phenomenon. 193 00:08:02,240 --> 00:08:03,496 So by planting in there, 194 00:08:03,520 --> 00:08:06,536 the way they're going to resist between what is and what can be, 195 00:08:06,560 --> 00:08:08,816 is actually going to draw them towards your idea 196 00:08:08,840 --> 00:08:10,576 quicker than should you not do that. 197 00:08:10,600 --> 00:08:14,056 So after you've moved back and forth between what is and what could be, 198 00:08:14,080 --> 00:08:16,096 the last turning point is a call to action, 199 00:08:16,120 --> 00:08:18,936 which every presentation should have, but at the very end. 200 00:08:18,960 --> 00:08:21,136 You need to describe the world as a new bliss. 201 00:08:21,160 --> 00:08:23,456 "This is utopia with my idea adopted." 202 00:08:23,480 --> 00:08:25,576 "This is the way the world is going to look, 203 00:08:25,600 --> 00:08:28,096 when we join together and we solve this big problem." 204 00:08:28,120 --> 00:08:29,856 You need to use that as your ending, 205 00:08:29,880 --> 00:08:31,920 in a very poetic and dramatic way. 206 00:08:33,080 --> 00:08:35,496 So, interestingly, when I was done, 207 00:08:35,520 --> 00:08:39,015 I was like, "You know what? I could use this as an analysis tool." 208 00:08:39,039 --> 00:08:41,056 I actually transcribe speeches 209 00:08:41,080 --> 00:08:44,496 and I would actually map out, how much they map to this tool. 210 00:08:44,520 --> 00:08:46,473 So I want to show you some of that today, 211 00:08:46,497 --> 00:08:48,576 and I want to start with the very two people 212 00:08:48,600 --> 00:08:50,016 that I used when I first did. 213 00:08:50,040 --> 00:08:52,816 Here's Mr. Jobs, has completely changed the world. 214 00:08:52,840 --> 00:08:56,016 Changed the world of personal computing, changed the music industry 215 00:08:56,040 --> 00:08:58,976 and now he is on his way to change the mobile device industry. 216 00:08:59,000 --> 00:09:00,896 So he has definitely changed the world. 217 00:09:00,920 --> 00:09:03,896 And this is the shape of his iPhone launch 2007, 218 00:09:03,920 --> 00:09:05,296 when he launched his iPhone. 219 00:09:05,320 --> 00:09:08,216 It's a 90-minute talk and you can see he starts with what is, 220 00:09:08,240 --> 00:09:10,800 traverses back and forth and ends with what could be. 221 00:09:11,800 --> 00:09:13,616 So I want to zoom in on this: 222 00:09:13,640 --> 00:09:16,976 the white line is him speaking, he's talking. 223 00:09:17,000 --> 00:09:19,216 The next color line you'll see popped up there, 224 00:09:19,240 --> 00:09:20,656 that's when he cuts to video. 225 00:09:20,680 --> 00:09:22,936 So he's adding some variety and he cuts to demo. 226 00:09:22,960 --> 00:09:25,056 So it's not just him talking the whole time. 227 00:09:25,080 --> 00:09:27,520 And these lines are representative there. 228 00:09:28,400 --> 00:09:30,656 And then towards the end you'll see a blue line, 229 00:09:30,680 --> 00:09:32,256 which will be the guest speaker. 230 00:09:32,280 --> 00:09:34,416 So this is where it gets kind of interesting: 231 00:09:34,440 --> 00:09:36,736 every tick mark here is when he made them laugh. 232 00:09:36,760 --> 00:09:39,256 And every tick mark here is when he made them clap. 233 00:09:39,280 --> 00:09:41,136 They are so involved physically, 234 00:09:41,160 --> 00:09:43,536 they are physically reacting to what he is saying, 235 00:09:43,560 --> 00:09:44,936 which is actually fantastic, 236 00:09:44,960 --> 00:09:48,016 because then you know you have the audience in your hand. 237 00:09:48,040 --> 00:09:51,136 So he kicks off what could be with, 238 00:09:51,160 --> 00:09:54,496 "This is a day I've been looking forward to for two and a half years." 239 00:09:54,520 --> 00:09:55,936 So he is launching a product 240 00:09:55,960 --> 00:09:58,416 that he's known about already for a couple of years. 241 00:09:58,440 --> 00:10:00,176 So this is not a new product to him. 242 00:10:00,200 --> 00:10:01,416 But look at this, 243 00:10:01,440 --> 00:10:03,256 he does this other thing: he marvels. 244 00:10:03,280 --> 00:10:04,736 He marvels at his own product. 245 00:10:04,760 --> 00:10:07,496 He marvels himself more than the audience laughs or claps. 246 00:10:07,520 --> 00:10:11,016 So he is like, "Isn't this awesome? Isn't this beautiful?" 247 00:10:11,040 --> 00:10:14,616 He is modeling for the audience what he wants them to feel. 248 00:10:14,640 --> 00:10:18,680 So he is actually doing a job of compelling them to feel a certain way. 249 00:10:19,440 --> 00:10:22,936 So he kicks off with what could be with, "Every once in a while, 250 00:10:22,960 --> 00:10:25,896 a revolutionary product comes along that changes everything." 251 00:10:25,920 --> 00:10:28,536 So he starts to kick in and talk about his new product. 252 00:10:28,560 --> 00:10:31,456 Now, at the beginning of it, he actually keeps the phone off. 253 00:10:31,480 --> 00:10:34,536 You'll see that the line is pretty wide up until this point, 254 00:10:34,560 --> 00:10:35,976 so he goes off between, 255 00:10:36,000 --> 00:10:38,936 "Here's this new phone and here's the sucky competitors. 256 00:10:38,960 --> 00:10:42,176 Here's this new phone and here's the sucking competitors." 257 00:10:42,200 --> 00:10:44,976 And then, right about here, he has the star moment -- 258 00:10:45,000 --> 00:10:47,096 and that something we'll always remember. 259 00:10:47,120 --> 00:10:48,616 He turns the phone on. 260 00:10:48,640 --> 00:10:50,856 The audience sees scrolling for the first time, 261 00:10:50,880 --> 00:10:53,096 you can hear the oxygen sucked out of the room. 262 00:10:53,120 --> 00:10:54,976 They gasped. You can actually hear it. 263 00:10:55,000 --> 00:10:57,456 So he creates a moment that they'll always remember. 264 00:10:57,480 --> 00:10:59,976 So if we move along this model, you can see the blue, 265 00:11:00,000 --> 00:11:02,016 where the external speakers are going in, 266 00:11:02,040 --> 00:11:04,216 and towards the bottom right, the line breaks. 267 00:11:04,240 --> 00:11:05,856 That's because his clicker broke. 268 00:11:05,880 --> 00:11:08,376 He wants to keep this heightened sense of excitement. 269 00:11:08,400 --> 00:11:09,896 He tells a personal story, 270 00:11:09,920 --> 00:11:12,096 right there, where the technology didn't work. 271 00:11:12,120 --> 00:11:13,696 So he is the master communicator 272 00:11:13,720 --> 00:11:16,160 and he turns to story to keep the audience involved. 273 00:11:16,600 --> 00:11:18,976 So the top right he ends with the new bliss. 274 00:11:19,000 --> 00:11:20,576 He leaves them with the promise 275 00:11:20,600 --> 00:11:24,176 that Apple will continue to build revolutionary new products. 276 00:11:24,200 --> 00:11:25,400 And he says, 277 00:11:26,320 --> 00:11:28,576 "There's an old Wayne Gretzky quote that I love: 278 00:11:28,600 --> 00:11:31,856 'I skate to where the puck is going to be, not to where it has been.' 279 00:11:31,880 --> 00:11:34,856 We've always tried to do that at Apple since the very beginning 280 00:11:34,880 --> 00:11:36,136 and we always will." 281 00:11:36,160 --> 00:11:37,616 So he ends with the new bliss. 282 00:11:37,640 --> 00:11:38,896 So let's look at Mr. King. 283 00:11:38,920 --> 00:11:41,456 He was an amazing visionary, a clergyman 284 00:11:41,480 --> 00:11:44,136 who spent his life working hard for equality. 285 00:11:44,160 --> 00:11:46,816 And this is the shape of the "I Have a Dream" speech. 286 00:11:46,840 --> 00:11:48,536 You can see he starts with what is, 287 00:11:48,560 --> 00:11:51,136 moves back and forth between what is and what could be 288 00:11:51,160 --> 00:11:55,296 and ends with a very poetic new bliss, which is the famous part we all know. 289 00:11:55,320 --> 00:11:57,576 So I'm going to spread it out a little bit here, 290 00:11:57,600 --> 00:11:59,256 stretch it for you, 291 00:11:59,280 --> 00:12:02,136 and what I'm doing here is I put the actual transcript there 292 00:12:02,160 --> 00:12:03,376 along with the text. 293 00:12:03,400 --> 00:12:04,616 I know you can't read it. 294 00:12:04,640 --> 00:12:07,136 But at the end of every line break, I broke the line, 295 00:12:07,160 --> 00:12:09,056 because he took a breath and he paused. 296 00:12:09,080 --> 00:12:12,416 Now he was a Southern Baptist preacher, most people haven't heard that, 297 00:12:12,440 --> 00:12:15,976 so he had a real cadence and a rhythm that was really new for people there. 298 00:12:16,000 --> 00:12:18,496 So I want to cover up these lines of text with a bar 299 00:12:18,520 --> 00:12:21,378 because I want to use this bar as an information device here. 300 00:12:21,920 --> 00:12:24,800 So let's walk through how he actually spoke to the people. 301 00:12:26,040 --> 00:12:28,256 The blue bars here are going to be when he used 302 00:12:28,280 --> 00:12:30,376 the actual rhetorical device of repetition. 303 00:12:30,400 --> 00:12:31,776 So he was repeating himself, 304 00:12:31,800 --> 00:12:33,736 he was using the same words and phrases, 305 00:12:33,760 --> 00:12:35,880 so people could remember and recall them. 306 00:12:36,640 --> 00:12:39,376 But then he also used a lot of metaphors and visual words. 307 00:12:39,400 --> 00:12:41,936 This was a way to take really complicated ideas 308 00:12:41,960 --> 00:12:44,936 and make them memorable and knowledgeable, so people got it. 309 00:12:44,960 --> 00:12:46,456 He actually created very -- 310 00:12:46,480 --> 00:12:48,616 almost like scenes with his words to make it, 311 00:12:48,640 --> 00:12:50,640 so they could envision what he was saying. 312 00:12:51,560 --> 00:12:55,216 And then there were also a lot of familiar songs and scriptures that he used. 313 00:12:55,240 --> 00:12:57,736 This is just the front end of it that you are seeing. 314 00:12:57,760 --> 00:13:00,176 And then he also made a lot of political references 315 00:13:00,200 --> 00:13:02,336 of the promises that were made to the people. 316 00:13:02,360 --> 00:13:04,576 So if we look at the very first end of what is, 317 00:13:04,600 --> 00:13:06,976 at the very end of what is was the very first time 318 00:13:07,000 --> 00:13:09,616 that people actually clapped and roared really loud. 319 00:13:09,640 --> 00:13:11,776 So the end of what is what he did is he said, 320 00:13:11,800 --> 00:13:14,056 "America has given the Negro people a bad check, 321 00:13:14,080 --> 00:13:16,696 a check which has come back marked insufficient funds." 322 00:13:16,720 --> 00:13:20,016 Well, everyone knows what it's like to not have money in your account. 323 00:13:20,040 --> 00:13:22,656 So he used the metaphor people were very familiar with. 324 00:13:22,680 --> 00:13:24,256 But when they really charged up, 325 00:13:24,280 --> 00:13:26,416 the very first time they really screamed was: 326 00:13:26,440 --> 00:13:28,496 "So we have come to cash this check, 327 00:13:28,520 --> 00:13:30,616 a check that will give us upon demand 328 00:13:30,640 --> 00:13:33,416 the riches of freedom and the security of justice." 329 00:13:33,440 --> 00:13:35,016 That's when they really clapped. 330 00:13:35,040 --> 00:13:38,176 It was when he compared what currently is to what could be. 331 00:13:38,200 --> 00:13:40,736 So when we move along a little farther in the model, 332 00:13:40,760 --> 00:13:43,656 you'll see it goes back and forth in a more frenzied pace. 333 00:13:43,680 --> 00:13:46,536 And this is when he goes back and forth, and back and forth. 334 00:13:46,560 --> 00:13:48,176 Now the audience was in a frenzy. 335 00:13:48,200 --> 00:13:50,776 They were all excited, and so you can actually do this 336 00:13:50,800 --> 00:13:53,400 to keep them in a heightened sense of excitement. 337 00:13:54,080 --> 00:13:55,560 So he says, "I have a dream 338 00:13:56,720 --> 00:14:01,096 that one day this nation will rise up and live out the meaning of its creed. 339 00:14:01,120 --> 00:14:04,816 'We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.'" 340 00:14:04,840 --> 00:14:08,096 So he uses the little orange text there to remind them of the promise 341 00:14:08,120 --> 00:14:11,296 that the politicians had made to him or that this country had made. 342 00:14:11,320 --> 00:14:13,056 Then he moves back and forth between 343 00:14:13,080 --> 00:14:15,795 "I have a dream that one day, I have a dream that one day, 344 00:14:15,819 --> 00:14:17,216 I have a dream that one day", 345 00:14:17,240 --> 00:14:19,336 and at the end, it gets really interesting. 346 00:14:19,360 --> 00:14:22,216 Because he uses -- you can look at the four shades of green, 347 00:14:22,240 --> 00:14:25,136 there's a lot of blue there, which was a lot of repetition -- 348 00:14:25,160 --> 00:14:27,096 he had a heightened sense of repetition. 349 00:14:27,120 --> 00:14:30,256 And the green was a heightened sense of songs and scriptures. 350 00:14:30,280 --> 00:14:32,056 So the first batch of green 351 00:14:32,080 --> 00:14:34,616 was the actual scripture from the book of Isaiah. 352 00:14:34,640 --> 00:14:37,896 The second batch of green was "My Country, 'Tis of Thee." 353 00:14:37,920 --> 00:14:41,216 Now, that's a familiar song that was specifically very significant 354 00:14:41,240 --> 00:14:42,856 for the black people at the time, 355 00:14:42,880 --> 00:14:47,096 because this song was the song they chose to change the words to as an outcry, 356 00:14:47,120 --> 00:14:49,080 saying that promises had not been kept. 357 00:14:49,720 --> 00:14:53,736 So the third batch of green was actually a stanza from "My Country, 'Tis of Thee." 358 00:14:53,760 --> 00:14:55,920 And then the fourth was a Negro spiritual. 359 00:14:56,800 --> 00:14:59,943 "Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, I'm free at last!" 360 00:14:59,967 --> 00:15:04,336 So what he did is he actually reached inside of the hearts of the audience. 361 00:15:04,360 --> 00:15:06,536 He pulled from scriptures, which is important. 362 00:15:06,560 --> 00:15:08,776 He pulled from songs that they'd sung together, 363 00:15:08,800 --> 00:15:10,456 as an outcry against this outrage, 364 00:15:10,480 --> 00:15:13,896 and he used those as a device to connect and resonate with the audience. 365 00:15:13,920 --> 00:15:16,216 Ending -- painting a picture of this new bliss, 366 00:15:16,240 --> 00:15:19,680 using the very things inside of them that they already held as sacred. 367 00:15:21,080 --> 00:15:23,936 So he was a great man. He had a big, big dream. 368 00:15:23,960 --> 00:15:26,896 There's a lot of people here, you guys have really big dreams. 369 00:15:26,920 --> 00:15:28,856 There are really big ideas inside of you 370 00:15:28,880 --> 00:15:30,096 that you need to get out. 371 00:15:30,120 --> 00:15:32,120 But you know what? We encounter hardships. 372 00:15:32,144 --> 00:15:33,776 It's not easy to change the world, 373 00:15:33,800 --> 00:15:35,336 it's a big job. 374 00:15:35,360 --> 00:15:36,616 You know he was -- 375 00:15:36,640 --> 00:15:39,376 his house was bombed, he was stabbed with a letter opener, 376 00:15:39,400 --> 00:15:40,816 ultimately, he lost his life, 377 00:15:40,840 --> 00:15:42,656 you know, for what he cared about. 378 00:15:42,680 --> 00:15:46,776 But a lot of us aren't going to be required to pay that kind of sacrifice. 379 00:15:46,800 --> 00:15:48,056 But what happens is 380 00:15:48,080 --> 00:15:51,376 that it basically is a little bit like that basic story structure. 381 00:15:51,400 --> 00:15:52,776 Life can be like that. 382 00:15:52,800 --> 00:15:55,056 You know, you guys are all likable people, 383 00:15:55,080 --> 00:15:58,136 you have a desire, you encounter roadblocks, 384 00:15:58,160 --> 00:15:59,536 and we stop there. 385 00:15:59,560 --> 00:16:01,656 We're just like, you know, "I had this idea, 386 00:16:01,680 --> 00:16:03,536 but I'm not going to put it out there. 387 00:16:03,560 --> 00:16:04,816 It's been rejected." 388 00:16:04,840 --> 00:16:08,736 You know, we self-sabotage our own ideas, 389 00:16:08,760 --> 00:16:12,216 we just butt up against the roadblocks and butt up against the roadblocks 390 00:16:12,240 --> 00:16:14,696 instead of choosing to let the struggle transform us 391 00:16:14,720 --> 00:16:17,960 and choosing to go ahead and have a dream and make it real. 392 00:16:18,400 --> 00:16:22,656 And you know, if anyone -- if I can do this, anybody can do this. 393 00:16:22,680 --> 00:16:26,376 I was raised in an economically and emotionally starved environment. 394 00:16:26,400 --> 00:16:30,056 First time I got to go to a camp with my sister, I was abused. 395 00:16:30,080 --> 00:16:33,296 Wasn't the first time I was abused, it was just the most aggressive. 396 00:16:33,320 --> 00:16:36,056 And my mom and dad -- they married each other three times, 397 00:16:36,080 --> 00:16:37,296 (Audience murmurs) 398 00:16:37,320 --> 00:16:40,336 Yeah, that was tumultuous and when they weren't fighting 399 00:16:40,360 --> 00:16:43,456 they were helping sober up some alcoholic that was living with us 400 00:16:43,480 --> 00:16:45,416 because they were both sober alcoholics. 401 00:16:45,440 --> 00:16:47,896 So my mom abandoned us when I was sixteen years old. 402 00:16:47,920 --> 00:16:51,256 And I took on a role of caretaker of my home and of my siblings. 403 00:16:51,280 --> 00:16:54,416 And I married. I met a man. 404 00:16:54,440 --> 00:16:56,696 Fell in love. I went to a year of college. 405 00:16:56,720 --> 00:16:59,296 I did what every single bright young girl should do, 406 00:16:59,320 --> 00:17:01,656 it's I got married when I was eighteen years old. 407 00:17:01,680 --> 00:17:02,936 And you know what? 408 00:17:02,960 --> 00:17:05,455 I knew, I knew 409 00:17:05,480 --> 00:17:07,496 that I was born for more than this. 410 00:17:07,520 --> 00:17:10,576 And right at the point in the story of my life I had a choice. 411 00:17:10,599 --> 00:17:13,415 I could let all these things push me down 412 00:17:13,440 --> 00:17:15,616 and I could let all my ideas die inside of me. 413 00:17:15,640 --> 00:17:18,695 I could just say, you know, life is too hard to change the world. 414 00:17:18,720 --> 00:17:19,935 It's just too tough. 415 00:17:19,960 --> 00:17:22,040 But I chose a different story for my life. 416 00:17:22,839 --> 00:17:24,175 (Laughter) 417 00:17:24,200 --> 00:17:25,599 Don't you know it? 418 00:17:26,760 --> 00:17:29,096 And so I feel like there's people in this room -- 419 00:17:29,120 --> 00:17:31,216 you got those little Suavitos baking spices 420 00:17:31,240 --> 00:17:34,016 and you're just like, "You know, It's not that big a deal." 421 00:17:34,040 --> 00:17:36,256 "It's really not the whole world I can change." 422 00:17:36,280 --> 00:17:38,185 But you know, you can change your world. 423 00:17:38,209 --> 00:17:39,416 You can change your life. 424 00:17:39,440 --> 00:17:41,896 You can change the world that you have control over, 425 00:17:41,920 --> 00:17:43,456 you can change your sphere. 426 00:17:43,480 --> 00:17:45,147 I want to encourage you to do that. 427 00:17:45,680 --> 00:17:46,936 Because you know what? 428 00:17:46,960 --> 00:17:49,800 The future isn't a place that we're going to go. 429 00:17:50,360 --> 00:17:53,240 It's a place that you get to create. 430 00:17:53,953 --> 00:17:56,096 I want to thank you. Bless you. God bless you. 431 00:17:56,120 --> 00:17:57,440 (Applause)