0:00:00.000,0:00:02.616
It's really, really great to be here.

0:00:02.640,0:00:04.536
You have the power to change the world.

0:00:04.560,0:00:06.216
I’m not saying that to be cliché,

0:00:06.240,0:00:08.560
you really have the power[br]to change the world.

0:00:09.040,0:00:11.136
Deep inside of you,[br]every single one of you

0:00:11.160,0:00:14.400
has the most powerful device known to man.

0:00:15.080,0:00:16.280
And that's an idea.

0:00:17.240,0:00:20.296
So a single idea, from the human mind,

0:00:20.320,0:00:21.856
it could start the ground swell,

0:00:21.880,0:00:24.656
it could be a flash point for a movement

0:00:24.680,0:00:27.456
and it can actually rewrite our future.

0:00:27.480,0:00:30.176
But an idea is powerless

0:00:30.200,0:00:32.016
if it stays inside of you.

0:00:32.040,0:00:35.096
If you never pull that idea out[br]for others to contend with,

0:00:35.120,0:00:36.320
it will die with you.

0:00:37.120,0:00:40.416
Now, maybe some of you guys[br]have tried to convey your idea

0:00:40.440,0:00:42.336
and it wasn't adopted, it was rejected,

0:00:42.360,0:00:45.216
and some other mediocre[br]or average idea was adopted.

0:00:45.240,0:00:49.576
And the only difference between those two[br]is in the way it was communicated.

0:00:49.600,0:00:52.416
Because if you communicate an idea[br]in a way that resonates,

0:00:52.440,0:00:55.080
change will happen[br]and you can change the world.

0:00:55.880,0:00:58.536
In my family, we collect[br]these vintage European posters.

0:00:58.560,0:01:01.016
Every time we go to Maui,[br]we go to the dealer there

0:01:01.040,0:01:02.856
and he turns these great big posters.

0:01:02.880,0:01:04.696
I love them. They all have one idea

0:01:04.720,0:01:07.296
and one really clear visual[br]that conveys the idea.

0:01:07.320,0:01:10.096
They are about the size of a mattress.[br]They are really big.

0:01:10.120,0:01:12.616
They're not as thick as a mattress,[br]but they are big.

0:01:12.640,0:01:15.176
And the guy will tell the story[br]as he turns the pages.

0:01:15.200,0:01:17.376
And this one time[br]I was flanked by my two kids

0:01:17.400,0:01:20.176
and he turns the page[br]and this poster is underneath,

0:01:20.200,0:01:22.056
and right when I lean forward and say,

0:01:22.080,0:01:24.736
"Oh my God, I love this poster,"

0:01:24.760,0:01:26.936
both of my kids jumped back[br]and they are like,

0:01:26.960,0:01:28.296
"Oh my God, mom, it's you."

0:01:28.320,0:01:29.536
And this is the poster.

0:01:29.560,0:01:30.856
(Laughter)

0:01:30.880,0:01:33.136
See, I'm like "Fire it up!"

0:01:33.160,0:01:35.696
The thing I loved[br]about this poster was the irony.

0:01:35.720,0:01:38.216
Here's this chick all fired up,[br]headed into battle --

0:01:38.240,0:01:39.496
as the standard there --

0:01:39.520,0:01:42.536
and she's holding these[br]little Suavitos baking spices,

0:01:42.560,0:01:45.416
like something so seemingly insignificant,

0:01:45.440,0:01:49.360
though she's willing to risk, you know,[br]life and limb to promote this thing.

0:01:50.120,0:01:53.696
So if you are to swap out[br]those little Suavitos baking spices

0:01:53.720,0:01:54.976
with a presentation --

0:01:55.000,0:01:57.336
Yeah, it's me, pretty fired up.

0:01:57.360,0:01:59.016
I was fired up about presentations

0:01:59.040,0:02:02.256
back when it wasn't cool[br]to be fired up about presentations.

0:02:02.280,0:02:04.856
I really think they have the power[br]to change the world

0:02:04.880,0:02:07.296
when you communicate[br]effectively through them.

0:02:07.320,0:02:09.496
And changing the world is hard.

0:02:09.520,0:02:12.896
It won't happen with just one person[br]with one single idea.

0:02:12.920,0:02:16.296
That idea has got to spread,[br]or it won't be effective.

0:02:16.320,0:02:18.136
So it has to come out of you

0:02:18.160,0:02:20.280
and out into the open for people to see.

0:02:21.600,0:02:25.976
And the way that ideas are conveyed[br]the most effectively is through story.

0:02:26.000,0:02:27.616
You know, for thousands of years,

0:02:27.640,0:02:31.056
illiterate generations would pass on[br]their values and their culture

0:02:31.080,0:02:32.776
from generation to generation,

0:02:32.800,0:02:34.456
and they would stay intact.

0:02:34.480,0:02:37.336
So there's something kind of magical[br]about a story structure

0:02:37.360,0:02:39.536
that makes it so that when it's assembled,

0:02:39.560,0:02:41.816
it can be ingested and then recalled

0:02:41.840,0:02:43.440
by the person who's receiving it.

0:02:44.600,0:02:48.256
So basically a story,[br]you get a physical reaction,

0:02:48.280,0:02:51.096
your heart can race, your eyes can dilate,

0:02:51.120,0:02:53.736
you could talk about,[br]"Oh, I got a chill down my spine"

0:02:53.760,0:02:55.976
or, "I could feel it[br]in the pit of my stomach".

0:02:56.000,0:02:59.056
We actually physically react[br]when someone is telling us a story.

0:02:59.080,0:03:01.816
So even though the stage is the same,[br]a story can be told,

0:03:01.840,0:03:04.536
but once a presentation is told,[br]it completely flatlines.

0:03:04.560,0:03:06.096
And I wanted to figure out why.

0:03:06.120,0:03:09.496
Why is it that we physically sit[br]with wrapped attention during a story,

0:03:09.520,0:03:11.280
but it just dies for a presentation.

0:03:12.200,0:03:15.736
So I wanted to figure out, how do you[br]incorporate story into presentations.

0:03:15.760,0:03:18.576
So we've had thousands of presentations[br]back at the shop --

0:03:18.600,0:03:20.936
hundreds of thousands[br]of presentations, actually,

0:03:20.960,0:03:23.416
so I knew the context[br]of a really bad presentation.

0:03:23.440,0:03:26.096
I decided to study cinema and literature,

0:03:26.120,0:03:28.496
and really dig in[br]and figure out what was going on

0:03:28.520,0:03:29.920
and why it was broken.

0:03:30.480,0:03:33.376
So, I want to show you[br]some of the findings

0:03:33.400,0:03:36.920
that led up to what I've uncovered[br]as a presentation form.

0:03:38.000,0:03:40.056
So it was obvious to start with Aristotle,

0:03:40.080,0:03:43.056
he had a three-act structure,[br]a beginning, a middle and an end.

0:03:43.080,0:03:44.656
We studied poetics and rhetoric,

0:03:44.680,0:03:48.136
and a lot of presentations don't even[br]have that in its most simple form.

0:03:48.160,0:03:50.656
And then when I moved on[br]to studying hero archetypes,

0:03:50.680,0:03:52.736
I thought, "OK, the presenter is the hero,

0:03:52.760,0:03:55.416
they are up on the stage,[br]they're the star of the show."

0:03:55.440,0:03:58.816
It's easy to feel, as the presenter,[br]that you are the star of the show.

0:03:58.840,0:04:01.176
I realized right away,[br]that that's really broken.

0:04:01.200,0:04:04.056
Because I have an idea,[br]I can put it out there,

0:04:04.080,0:04:06.776
but if you guys don't grab that idea[br]and hold it as dear,

0:04:06.800,0:04:09.296
the idea goes nowhere[br]and the world is never changed.

0:04:09.320,0:04:11.536
So in reality,[br]the presenter isn't the hero,

0:04:11.560,0:04:14.080
the audience is the hero of our idea.

0:04:14.680,0:04:17.096
So if you look at[br]Joseph Campbell's hero's journey,

0:04:17.120,0:04:20.596
just in the front part, there were[br]some really interesting insights there.

0:04:20.620,0:04:23.016
So there is this likable hero[br]in an ordinary world,

0:04:23.040,0:04:24.776
and they get this call to adventure.

0:04:24.800,0:04:27.016
So the world is[br]kind of brought out of balance.

0:04:27.040,0:04:28.576
And at first they're resistant.

0:04:28.600,0:04:31.267
They're like, "I don't know[br]if I want to jump into this",

0:04:31.291,0:04:32.696
and then a mentor comes along

0:04:32.720,0:04:34.856
and helps them move[br]from their ordinary world

0:04:34.880,0:04:36.096
into a special world.

0:04:36.120,0:04:37.936
And that's the role of the presenter.

0:04:37.960,0:04:40.936
It's to be the mentor.[br]You are not Luke Skywalker, you're Yoda.

0:04:40.960,0:04:43.176
You're the one[br]that actually helps the audience

0:04:43.200,0:04:46.776
move from one thing[br]and into your new special idea,

0:04:46.800,0:04:48.324
and that's the power of a story.

0:04:49.240,0:04:53.096
So in its most simple structure,[br]it's a three-part structure of a story.

0:04:53.120,0:04:55.856
You have a likable hero who has a desire,

0:04:55.880,0:04:57.536
they encounter a roadblock

0:04:57.560,0:05:02.000
and ultimately they emerge, transform[br]and that's the basic structure.

0:05:02.720,0:05:06.056
But it wasn't until I came across[br]a Gustav Freytag's pyramid --

0:05:06.080,0:05:09.016
he drew this shape in 1863.

0:05:09.040,0:05:12.336
Now, he was a German dramatist --

0:05:12.360,0:05:13.616
He was a German dramatist

0:05:13.640,0:05:16.536
and he believed[br]there is a five-act structure,

0:05:16.560,0:05:19.576
which has an exposition, a rising action,

0:05:19.600,0:05:22.176
a climax, a falling action[br]and a denouement,

0:05:22.200,0:05:25.336
which is the unraveling[br]or the resolution of the story.

0:05:25.360,0:05:27.456
I love this shape.[br]So we talk about shapes.

0:05:27.480,0:05:29.856
A story has an arc --[br]well, an arc is a shape.

0:05:29.880,0:05:33.080
We talk about classical music[br]having a shapeliness to it.

0:05:33.600,0:05:35.856
So I thought, hey,[br]if presentations had a shape,

0:05:35.880,0:05:37.136
what would that shape be?

0:05:37.160,0:05:40.216
And how did the greatest[br]communicators use that shape

0:05:40.240,0:05:41.776
or do they use a shape?

0:05:41.800,0:05:44.056
So I'll never forget,[br]it was a Saturday morning.

0:05:44.080,0:05:46.936
After all this study --[br]it was a couple of years of study --

0:05:46.960,0:05:48.176
I drew a shape.

0:05:48.200,0:05:50.616
And I was like,[br]"Oh my gosh, if this shape is real,

0:05:50.640,0:05:53.656
I should be able to take[br]two completely different presentations

0:05:53.680,0:05:55.536
and overlay it and it should be true."

0:05:55.560,0:05:56.816
So I took the obvious,

0:05:56.840,0:05:59.296
I took Martin Luther King's[br]"I Have a Dream" speech,

0:05:59.320,0:06:01.696
and I took Steve Jobs'[br]2007 iPhone launch speech,

0:06:01.720,0:06:04.056
I overlaid it over it and it worked.

0:06:04.080,0:06:05.936
I sat in my office, just astounded.

0:06:05.960,0:06:07.816
I actually cried a little,

0:06:07.840,0:06:10.216
because I was like,[br]"I've been given this gift,"

0:06:10.240,0:06:11.456
and here it is,

0:06:11.480,0:06:13.520
this is the shape of a great presentation.

0:06:14.520,0:06:16.096
Isn't it amazing?

0:06:16.120,0:06:17.336
(Laughter)

0:06:17.360,0:06:18.576
I was crying.

0:06:18.600,0:06:21.176
I want to walk you through it,[br]it's pretty astounding.

0:06:21.200,0:06:24.816
There is a beginning, a middle and an end[br]and I want to walk you through it.

0:06:24.840,0:06:28.456
Because the greatest communicators --[br]I went through speeches, everything --

0:06:28.480,0:06:29.696
I can overlay the shape.

0:06:29.720,0:06:31.896
Even the Gettysburg Address[br]follows the shape.

0:06:31.920,0:06:35.136
At the beginning of any presentation,[br]you need to establish what is.

0:06:35.160,0:06:37.816
You know, here's the status quo,[br]here's what's going on.

0:06:37.840,0:06:40.256
And then you need[br]to compare that to what could be.

0:06:40.280,0:06:43.136
You need to make that gap[br]as big as possible,

0:06:43.160,0:06:46.616
because there is this commonplace[br]of the status quo

0:06:46.640,0:06:49.576
and you need to contrast that[br]with the loftiness of your idea.

0:06:49.600,0:06:52.456
So it's like, you know,[br]here's the past, here's the present,

0:06:52.480,0:06:53.720
but look at our future.

0:06:54.240,0:06:57.056
Here's a problem,[br]but look at that problem removed.

0:06:57.080,0:07:00.056
Here's a roadblock,[br]let's annihilate the roadblock.

0:07:00.080,0:07:02.136
You need to really amplify that gap.

0:07:02.160,0:07:04.976
This would be like[br]the inciting incident in a movie.

0:07:05.000,0:07:07.256
That's when suddenly[br]the audience has to contend

0:07:07.280,0:07:08.856
with what you just put out there:

0:07:08.880,0:07:11.776
"Wow, do I want to agree[br]with this and align with it or not?"

0:07:11.800,0:07:14.520
And in the rest of your presentation[br]should support that.

0:07:15.280,0:07:17.496
So the middle goes back and forth,

0:07:17.520,0:07:19.736
it traverses between[br]what is and what could be,

0:07:19.760,0:07:21.056
what is and what could be.

0:07:21.080,0:07:22.696
Because what you are trying to do

0:07:22.720,0:07:25.816
is make the status quo[br]and the normal unappealing,

0:07:25.840,0:07:27.336
and you're wanting to draw them

0:07:27.360,0:07:30.160
towards what could be[br]in the future with your idea adopted.

0:07:30.560,0:07:33.616
Now, on your way to change the world,[br]people are going to resist.

0:07:33.640,0:07:37.056
They are not going to be excited,[br]they may love the world the way it is.

0:07:37.080,0:07:38.616
So you'll encounter resistance.

0:07:38.640,0:07:40.656
That's why you[br]have to move back and forth,

0:07:40.680,0:07:41.976
that's similar to sailing.

0:07:42.000,0:07:45.136
When you're sailing against the wind[br]and there is wind resistance,

0:07:45.160,0:07:48.336
you have to move your boat back and forth,[br]and back and forth.

0:07:48.360,0:07:50.056
That's so you can capture the wind.

0:07:50.080,0:07:52.096
You have to actually[br]capture the resistance

0:07:52.120,0:07:54.056
coming against you when you are sailing.

0:07:54.080,0:07:56.496
Now interesting,[br]if you capture the wind just right

0:07:56.520,0:07:58.136
and you set your sail just right,

0:07:58.160,0:08:00.856
your ship will actually[br]sail faster than the wind itself.

0:08:00.880,0:08:02.216
It is a physics phenomenon.

0:08:02.240,0:08:03.496
So by planting in there,

0:08:03.520,0:08:06.536
the way they're going to resist[br]between what is and what can be,

0:08:06.560,0:08:08.816
is actually going to draw[br]them towards your idea

0:08:08.840,0:08:10.576
quicker than should you not do that.

0:08:10.600,0:08:14.056
So after you've moved back and forth[br]between what is and what could be,

0:08:14.080,0:08:16.096
the last turning point[br]is a call to action,

0:08:16.120,0:08:18.936
which every presentation should have,[br]but at the very end.

0:08:18.960,0:08:21.136
You need to describe the world[br]as a new bliss.

0:08:21.160,0:08:23.456
"This is utopia with my idea adopted."

0:08:23.480,0:08:25.576
"This is the way[br]the world is going to look,

0:08:25.600,0:08:28.096
when we join together[br]and we solve this big problem."

0:08:28.120,0:08:29.856
You need to use that as your ending,

0:08:29.880,0:08:31.920
in a very poetic and dramatic way.

0:08:33.080,0:08:35.496
So, interestingly, when I was done,

0:08:35.520,0:08:39.015
I was like, "You know what?[br]I could use this as an analysis tool."

0:08:39.039,0:08:41.056
I actually transcribe speeches

0:08:41.080,0:08:44.496
and I would actually map out,[br]how much they map to this tool.

0:08:44.520,0:08:46.473
So I want to show you some of that today,

0:08:46.497,0:08:48.576
and I want to start[br]with the very two people

0:08:48.600,0:08:50.016
that I used when I first did.

0:08:50.040,0:08:52.816
Here's Mr. Jobs,[br]has completely changed the world.

0:08:52.840,0:08:56.016
Changed the world of personal computing,[br]changed the music industry

0:08:56.040,0:08:58.976
and now he is on his way[br]to change the mobile device industry.

0:08:59.000,0:09:00.896
So he has definitely changed the world.

0:09:00.920,0:09:03.896
And this is the shape[br]of his iPhone launch 2007,

0:09:03.920,0:09:05.296
when he launched his iPhone.

0:09:05.320,0:09:08.216
It's a 90-minute talk[br]and you can see he starts with what is,

0:09:08.240,0:09:10.800
traverses back and forth[br]and ends with what could be.

0:09:11.800,0:09:13.616
So I want to zoom in on this:

0:09:13.640,0:09:16.976
the white line[br]is him speaking, he's talking.

0:09:17.000,0:09:19.216
The next color line[br]you'll see popped up there,

0:09:19.240,0:09:20.656
that's when he cuts to video.

0:09:20.680,0:09:22.936
So he's adding some variety[br]and he cuts to demo.

0:09:22.960,0:09:25.056
So it's not just him[br]talking the whole time.

0:09:25.080,0:09:27.520
And these lines are representative there.

0:09:28.400,0:09:30.656
And then towards the end[br]you'll see a blue line,

0:09:30.680,0:09:32.256
which will be the guest speaker.

0:09:32.280,0:09:34.416
So this is where it gets[br]kind of interesting:

0:09:34.440,0:09:36.736
every tick mark here[br]is when he made them laugh.

0:09:36.760,0:09:39.256
And every tick mark here[br]is when he made them clap.

0:09:39.280,0:09:41.136
They are so involved physically,

0:09:41.160,0:09:43.536
they are physically reacting[br]to what he is saying,

0:09:43.560,0:09:44.936
which is actually fantastic,

0:09:44.960,0:09:48.016
because then you know[br]you have the audience in your hand.

0:09:48.040,0:09:51.136
So he kicks off what could be with,

0:09:51.160,0:09:54.496
"This is a day I've been looking[br]forward to for two and a half years."

0:09:54.520,0:09:55.936
So he is launching a product

0:09:55.960,0:09:58.416
that he's known about already[br]for a couple of years.

0:09:58.440,0:10:00.176
So this is not a new product to him.

0:10:00.200,0:10:01.416
But look at this,

0:10:01.440,0:10:03.256
he does this other thing: he marvels.

0:10:03.280,0:10:04.736
He marvels at his own product.

0:10:04.760,0:10:07.496
He marvels himself[br]more than the audience laughs or claps.

0:10:07.520,0:10:11.016
So he is like, "Isn't this awesome?[br]Isn't this beautiful?"

0:10:11.040,0:10:14.616
He is modeling for the audience[br]what he wants them to feel.

0:10:14.640,0:10:18.680
So he is actually doing a job[br]of compelling them to feel a certain way.

0:10:19.440,0:10:22.936
So he kicks off with what could be with,[br]"Every once in a while,

0:10:22.960,0:10:25.896
a revolutionary product comes along[br]that changes everything."

0:10:25.920,0:10:28.536
So he starts to kick in[br]and talk about his new product.

0:10:28.560,0:10:31.456
Now, at the beginning of it,[br]he actually keeps the phone off.

0:10:31.480,0:10:34.536
You'll see that the line[br]is pretty wide up until this point,

0:10:34.560,0:10:35.976
so he goes off between,

0:10:36.000,0:10:38.936
"Here's this new phone[br]and here's the sucky competitors.

0:10:38.960,0:10:42.176
Here's this new phone[br]and here's the sucking competitors."

0:10:42.200,0:10:44.976
And then, right about here,[br]he has the star moment --

0:10:45.000,0:10:47.096
and that something we'll always remember.

0:10:47.120,0:10:48.616
He turns the phone on.

0:10:48.640,0:10:50.856
The audience sees scrolling[br]for the first time,

0:10:50.880,0:10:53.096
you can hear the oxygen[br]sucked out of the room.

0:10:53.120,0:10:54.976
They gasped. You can actually hear it.

0:10:55.000,0:10:57.456
So he creates a moment[br]that they'll always remember.

0:10:57.480,0:10:59.976
So if we move along this model,[br]you can see the blue,

0:11:00.000,0:11:02.016
where the external speakers are going in,

0:11:02.040,0:11:04.216
and towards the bottom right,[br]the line breaks.

0:11:04.240,0:11:05.856
That's because his clicker broke.

0:11:05.880,0:11:08.376
He wants to keep[br]this heightened sense of excitement.

0:11:08.400,0:11:09.896
He tells a personal story,

0:11:09.920,0:11:12.096
right there, where[br]the technology didn't work.

0:11:12.120,0:11:13.696
So he is the master communicator

0:11:13.720,0:11:16.160
and he turns to story[br]to keep the audience involved.

0:11:16.600,0:11:18.976
So the top right[br]he ends with the new bliss.

0:11:19.000,0:11:20.576
He leaves them with the promise

0:11:20.600,0:11:24.176
that Apple will continue[br]to build revolutionary new products.

0:11:24.200,0:11:25.400
And he says,

0:11:26.320,0:11:28.576
"There's an old Wayne Gretzky[br]quote that I love:

0:11:28.600,0:11:31.856
'I skate to where the puck is going to be,[br]not to where it has been.'

0:11:31.880,0:11:34.856
We've always tried to do that[br]at Apple since the very beginning

0:11:34.880,0:11:36.136
and we always will."

0:11:36.160,0:11:37.616
So he ends with the new bliss.

0:11:37.640,0:11:38.896
So let's look at Mr. King.

0:11:38.920,0:11:41.456
He was an amazing visionary, a clergyman

0:11:41.480,0:11:44.136
who spent his life[br]working hard for equality.

0:11:44.160,0:11:46.816
And this is the shape[br]of the "I Have a Dream" speech.

0:11:46.840,0:11:48.536
You can see he starts with what is,

0:11:48.560,0:11:51.136
moves back and forth[br]between what is and what could be

0:11:51.160,0:11:55.296
and ends with a very poetic new bliss,[br]which is the famous part we all know.

0:11:55.320,0:11:57.576
So I'm going to spread it out[br]a little bit here,

0:11:57.600,0:11:59.256
stretch it for you,

0:11:59.280,0:12:02.136
and what I'm doing here is[br]I put the actual transcript there

0:12:02.160,0:12:03.376
along with the text.

0:12:03.400,0:12:04.616
I know you can't read it.

0:12:04.640,0:12:07.136
But at the end of every line break,[br]I broke the line,

0:12:07.160,0:12:09.056
because he took a breath and he paused.

0:12:09.080,0:12:12.416
Now he was a Southern Baptist preacher,[br]most people haven't heard that,

0:12:12.440,0:12:15.976
so he had a real cadence and a rhythm[br]that was really new for people there.

0:12:16.000,0:12:18.496
So I want to cover up[br]these lines of text with a bar

0:12:18.520,0:12:21.378
because I want to use this bar[br]as an information device here.

0:12:21.920,0:12:24.800
So let's walk through[br]how he actually spoke to the people.

0:12:26.040,0:12:28.256
The blue bars here[br]are going to be when he used

0:12:28.280,0:12:30.376
the actual rhetorical device[br]of repetition.

0:12:30.400,0:12:31.776
So he was repeating himself,

0:12:31.800,0:12:33.736
he was using the same words and phrases,

0:12:33.760,0:12:35.880
so people could remember and recall them.

0:12:36.640,0:12:39.376
But then he also used[br]a lot of metaphors and visual words.

0:12:39.400,0:12:41.936
This was a way to take[br]really complicated ideas

0:12:41.960,0:12:44.936
and make them memorable[br]and knowledgeable, so people got it.

0:12:44.960,0:12:46.456
He actually created very --

0:12:46.480,0:12:48.616
almost like scenes[br]with his words to make it,

0:12:48.640,0:12:50.640
so they could envision what he was saying.

0:12:51.560,0:12:55.216
And then there were also a lot of familiar[br]songs and scriptures that he used.

0:12:55.240,0:12:57.736
This is just the front end of it[br]that you are seeing.

0:12:57.760,0:13:00.176
And then he also made[br]a lot of political references

0:13:00.200,0:13:02.336
of the promises[br]that were made to the people.

0:13:02.360,0:13:04.576
So if we look at[br]the very first end of what is,

0:13:04.600,0:13:06.976
at the very end of what is[br]was the very first time

0:13:07.000,0:13:09.616
that people actually clapped[br]and roared really loud.

0:13:09.640,0:13:11.776
So the end of what is[br]what he did is he said,

0:13:11.800,0:13:14.056
"America has given[br]the Negro people a bad check,

0:13:14.080,0:13:16.696
a check which has come back[br]marked insufficient funds."

0:13:16.720,0:13:20.016
Well, everyone knows what it's like[br]to not have money in your account.

0:13:20.040,0:13:22.656
So he used the metaphor[br]people were very familiar with.

0:13:22.680,0:13:24.256
But when they really charged up,

0:13:24.280,0:13:26.416
the very first time[br]they really screamed was:

0:13:26.440,0:13:28.496
"So we have come to cash this check,

0:13:28.520,0:13:30.616
a check that will give us upon demand

0:13:30.640,0:13:33.416
the riches of freedom[br]and the security of justice."

0:13:33.440,0:13:35.016
That's when they really clapped.

0:13:35.040,0:13:38.176
It was when he compared[br]what currently is to what could be.

0:13:38.200,0:13:40.736
So when we move along[br]a little farther in the model,

0:13:40.760,0:13:43.656
you'll see it goes back and forth[br]in a more frenzied pace.

0:13:43.680,0:13:46.536
And this is when he goes[br]back and forth, and back and forth.

0:13:46.560,0:13:48.176
Now the audience was in a frenzy.

0:13:48.200,0:13:50.776
They were all excited,[br]and so you can actually do this

0:13:50.800,0:13:53.400
to keep them in a heightened[br]sense of excitement.

0:13:54.080,0:13:55.560
So he says, "I have a dream

0:13:56.720,0:14:01.096
that one day this nation will rise up[br]and live out the meaning of its creed.

0:14:01.120,0:14:04.816
'We hold these truths to be self-evident,[br]that all men are created equal.'"

0:14:04.840,0:14:08.096
So he uses the little orange text there[br]to remind them of the promise

0:14:08.120,0:14:11.296
that the politicians had made to him[br]or that this country had made.

0:14:11.320,0:14:13.056
Then he moves back and forth between

0:14:13.080,0:14:15.795
"I have a dream that one day,[br]I have a dream that one day,

0:14:15.819,0:14:17.216
I have a dream that one day",

0:14:17.240,0:14:19.336
and at the end,[br]it gets really interesting.

0:14:19.360,0:14:22.216
Because he uses --[br]you can look at the four shades of green,

0:14:22.240,0:14:25.136
there's a lot of blue there,[br]which was a lot of repetition --

0:14:25.160,0:14:27.096
he had a heightened sense of repetition.

0:14:27.120,0:14:30.256
And the green was a heightened sense[br]of songs and scriptures.

0:14:30.280,0:14:32.056
So the first batch of green

0:14:32.080,0:14:34.616
was the actual scripture[br]from the book of Isaiah.

0:14:34.640,0:14:37.896
The second batch of green[br]was "My Country, 'Tis of Thee."

0:14:37.920,0:14:41.216
Now, that's a familiar song[br]that was specifically very significant

0:14:41.240,0:14:42.856
for the black people at the time,

0:14:42.880,0:14:47.096
because this song was the song they[br]chose to change the words to as an outcry,

0:14:47.120,0:14:49.080
saying that promises had not been kept.

0:14:49.720,0:14:53.736
So the third batch of green was actually[br]a stanza from "My Country, 'Tis of Thee."

0:14:53.760,0:14:55.920
And then the fourth was a Negro spiritual.

0:14:56.800,0:14:59.943
"Free at last! Free at last![br]Thank God Almighty, I'm free at last!"

0:14:59.967,0:15:04.336
So what he did is he actually reached[br]inside of the hearts of the audience.

0:15:04.360,0:15:06.536
He pulled from scriptures,[br]which is important.

0:15:06.560,0:15:08.776
He pulled from songs[br]that they'd sung together,

0:15:08.800,0:15:10.456
as an outcry against this outrage,

0:15:10.480,0:15:13.896
and he used those as a device[br]to connect and resonate with the audience.

0:15:13.920,0:15:16.216
Ending -- painting a picture[br]of this new bliss,

0:15:16.240,0:15:19.680
using the very things inside of them[br]that they already held as sacred.

0:15:21.080,0:15:23.936
So he was a great man.[br]He had a big, big dream.

0:15:23.960,0:15:26.896
There's a lot of people here,[br]you guys have really big dreams.

0:15:26.920,0:15:28.856
There are really big ideas inside of you

0:15:28.880,0:15:30.096
that you need to get out.

0:15:30.120,0:15:32.120
But you know what? We encounter hardships.

0:15:32.144,0:15:33.776
It's not easy to change the world,

0:15:33.800,0:15:35.336
it's a big job.

0:15:35.360,0:15:36.616
You know he was --

0:15:36.640,0:15:39.376
his house was bombed,[br]he was stabbed with a letter opener,

0:15:39.400,0:15:40.816
ultimately, he lost his life,

0:15:40.840,0:15:42.656
you know, for what he cared about.

0:15:42.680,0:15:46.776
But a lot of us aren't going to[br]be required to pay that kind of sacrifice.

0:15:46.800,0:15:48.056
But what happens is

0:15:48.080,0:15:51.376
that it basically is a little bit[br]like that basic story structure.

0:15:51.400,0:15:52.776
Life can be like that.

0:15:52.800,0:15:55.056
You know, you guys are all likable people,

0:15:55.080,0:15:58.136
you have a desire,[br]you encounter roadblocks,

0:15:58.160,0:15:59.536
and we stop there.

0:15:59.560,0:16:01.656
We're just like, you know,[br]"I had this idea,

0:16:01.680,0:16:03.536
but I'm not going to put it out there.

0:16:03.560,0:16:04.816
It's been rejected."

0:16:04.840,0:16:08.736
You know, we self-sabotage our own ideas,

0:16:08.760,0:16:12.216
we just butt up against the roadblocks[br]and butt up against the roadblocks

0:16:12.240,0:16:14.696
instead of choosing[br]to let the struggle transform us

0:16:14.720,0:16:17.960
and choosing to go ahead[br]and have a dream and make it real.

0:16:18.400,0:16:22.656
And you know, if anyone --[br]if I can do this, anybody can do this.

0:16:22.680,0:16:26.376
I was raised in an economically[br]and emotionally starved environment.

0:16:26.400,0:16:30.056
First time I got to go to a camp[br]with my sister, I was abused.

0:16:30.080,0:16:33.296
Wasn't the first time I was abused,[br]it was just the most aggressive.

0:16:33.320,0:16:36.056
And my mom and dad --[br]they married each other three times,

0:16:36.080,0:16:37.296
(Audience murmurs)

0:16:37.320,0:16:40.336
Yeah, that was tumultuous[br]and when they weren't fighting

0:16:40.360,0:16:43.456
they were helping sober up[br]some alcoholic that was living with us

0:16:43.480,0:16:45.416
because they were both sober alcoholics.

0:16:45.440,0:16:47.896
So my mom abandoned us[br]when I was sixteen years old.

0:16:47.920,0:16:51.256
And I took on a role of caretaker[br]of my home and of my siblings.

0:16:51.280,0:16:54.416
And I married. I met a man.

0:16:54.440,0:16:56.696
Fell in love. I went to a year of college.

0:16:56.720,0:16:59.296
I did what every single[br]bright young girl should do,

0:16:59.320,0:17:01.656
it's I got married when[br]I was eighteen years old.

0:17:01.680,0:17:02.936
And you know what?

0:17:02.960,0:17:05.455
I knew, I knew

0:17:05.480,0:17:07.496
that I was born for more than this.

0:17:07.520,0:17:10.576
And right at the point[br]in the story of my life I had a choice.

0:17:10.599,0:17:13.415
I could let all these things push me down

0:17:13.440,0:17:15.616
and I could let all my ideas[br]die inside of me.

0:17:15.640,0:17:18.695
I could just say, you know,[br]life is too hard to change the world.

0:17:18.720,0:17:19.935
It's just too tough.

0:17:19.960,0:17:22.040
But I chose a different story for my life.

0:17:22.839,0:17:24.175
(Laughter)

0:17:24.200,0:17:25.599
Don't you know it?

0:17:26.760,0:17:29.096
And so I feel like[br]there's people in this room --

0:17:29.120,0:17:31.216
you got those little[br]Suavitos baking spices

0:17:31.240,0:17:34.016
and you're just like,[br]"You know, It's not that big a deal."

0:17:34.040,0:17:36.256
"It's really not[br]the whole world I can change."

0:17:36.280,0:17:38.185
But you know, you can change your world.

0:17:38.209,0:17:39.416
You can change your life.

0:17:39.440,0:17:41.896
You can change the world[br]that you have control over,

0:17:41.920,0:17:43.456
you can change your sphere.

0:17:43.480,0:17:45.147
I want to encourage you to do that.

0:17:45.680,0:17:46.936
Because you know what?

0:17:46.960,0:17:49.800
The future isn't a place[br]that we're going to go.

0:17:50.360,0:17:53.240
It's a place that you get to create.

0:17:53.953,0:17:56.096
I want to thank you.[br]Bless you. God bless you.

0:17:56.120,0:17:57.440
(Applause)