0:00:00.000,0:00:02.450
It's really really great to be here.

0:00:02.659,0:00:05.254
You have the power to change the world.

0:00:05.508,0:00:06.397
I’m not saying that to be cliché,

0:00:06.422,0:00:08.898
you really have the power to change the world.

0:00:09.090,0:00:11.276
Deep inside of you, every single one of you

0:00:11.301,0:00:14.532
has the most powerful device known to man.

0:00:15.113,0:00:17.113
And that's an idea.

0:00:17.113,0:00:20.383
So a single idea, from the human mind,

0:00:20.383,0:00:22.273
it could start the ground swell,

0:00:22.273,0:00:24.683
it could be a flash point for a movement,

0:00:24.683,0:00:27.633
and it can actually rewrite our future.

0:00:27.633,0:00:30.483
But an idea is powerless,

0:00:30.483,0:00:32.529
if it stays inside of you.

0:00:32.542,0:00:35.428
If you never pull that idea out [br]for others to contend with,

0:00:35.428,0:00:37.110
it will die with you.

0:00:37.110,0:00:40.623
Now maybe some of you guys [br]are trying to convey your idea,

0:00:40.623,0:00:42.061
and it wasn't adopted, it was rejected

0:00:42.061,0:00:45.685
and some other mediocre [br]or average idea was adopted.

0:00:45.685,0:00:49.663
And the only difference between those two [br]is in the way it was communicated.

0:00:49.663,0:00:52.568
Because if you communicate an idea [br]in a way that resonates,

0:00:52.568,0:00:56.148
change will happen, [br]and you can change the world.

0:00:56.163,0:00:58.796
In my family, we collect these vintage European posters.

0:00:58.796,0:01:01.185
Every time we go to Maui, we go to the dealer there,

0:01:01.185,0:01:03.121
and he turns these great big posters.

0:01:03.121,0:01:05.003
I love them. They all have one idea,

0:01:05.003,0:01:07.553
and one really clear visual that conveys the idea.

0:01:07.553,0:01:09.773
They are about the size of a mattress. [br]They are really big,

0:01:09.773,0:01:12.383
they're not as thick as a mattress, [br]but they are big.

0:01:12.383,0:01:14.643
And the guy will tell the stories [br]as he turns the pages.

0:01:14.673,0:01:17.054
And there was one time [br]I was flanked by my two kids,

0:01:17.054,0:01:20.443
and he turns the page [br]and this poster is underneath,

0:01:20.443,0:01:22.443
and right when I leaned forward and say,

0:01:22.443,0:01:24.913
"Oh my god, I love this poster,"

0:01:24.913,0:01:27.924
both of my kids jumped back and they are like [br]"Oh my god, mom, it's you."

0:01:27.930,0:01:31.228
And this is the poster. (Laughter)

0:01:31.243,0:01:33.173
See I'm like "Fire it up!"

0:01:33.173,0:01:35.883
The thing I loved about [br]this poster was the irony.

0:01:35.883,0:01:38.221
Here's this chick all fired up, [br]headed into battle,

0:01:38.221,0:01:39.724
– as the standard there, –

0:01:39.724,0:01:42.703
and she's holding these little [br]Suavitos baking spices,

0:01:42.703,0:01:45.683
like something so seemingly insignificant,

0:01:45.683,0:01:47.683
though she's willing to risk, you know,

0:01:47.683,0:01:50.153
life and limb to promote this thing.

0:01:50.161,0:01:53.402
So if you are to swap out, swap out[br]those little Suavitos baking spices

0:01:53.402,0:01:55.393
with a presentation.

0:01:55.393,0:01:57.743
Yeah, it's me, pretty fired up.

0:01:57.743,0:02:00.223
I was fired up about presentations [br]back when it wasn't cool

0:02:00.223,0:02:02.538
to be fired up about presentations.

0:02:02.538,0:02:04.933
I really think they have the power [br]to change the world

0:02:04.933,0:02:07.408
when you communicate effectively through them.

0:02:07.423,0:02:09.703
And changing the world is hard.

0:02:09.703,0:02:13.183
It won't happen with just one person [br]with one single idea.

0:02:13.183,0:02:16.533
That idea has got to spread,[br]or it won't be effective.

0:02:16.533,0:02:18.400
So it has to come out of you

0:02:18.400,0:02:21.605
and out into the open for people to see.

0:02:21.605,0:02:26.333
And the way that ideas are conveyed [br]the most effectively is through story.

0:02:26.333,0:02:29.213
You know, for thousands of years, [br]illiterate generations

0:02:29.222,0:02:32.963
would pass on their values and their culture [br]from generation to generation,

0:02:32.963,0:02:34.853
and they would stay intact.

0:02:34.853,0:02:37.473
So there's something kind of magical [br]about a story structure

0:02:37.473,0:02:39.883
that makes it so that when it's assembled,

0:02:39.883,0:02:42.014
it can be ingested and then recalled

0:02:42.014,0:02:44.620
by the person who's receiving it.

0:02:44.620,0:02:48.503
So basically a story, [br]you get a physical reaction,

0:02:48.503,0:02:51.513
your heart can race,[br]your eyes can dilate,

0:02:51.513,0:02:53.914
you could talk about,[br]"Oh I got a chill down my spine"

0:02:53.914,0:02:56.111
or, "I could feel it in the pit of my stomach".

0:02:56.111,0:02:59.203
We actually physically react [br]when someone is telling us a story.

0:02:59.203,0:03:01.606
So even though the stage is the same, [br]a story can be told,

0:03:01.606,0:03:04.363
but once a presentation is told, [br]it completely flatlines.

0:03:04.363,0:03:05.898
And I wanted to figure out why.

0:03:05.898,0:03:09.501
Why is it that we physically sit [br]with wrapped attention during a story,

0:03:09.501,0:03:11.952
but it just dies for a presentation.

0:03:11.952,0:03:15.833
So I wanted to figure out, how do you[br]incorporate story into presentations.

0:03:15.833,0:03:18.123
So we've had thousands of presentations

0:03:18.123,0:03:20.764
back at the shop – hundreds of thousands [br]of presentations actually,

0:03:20.764,0:03:23.668
so I knew the contexts [br]of a really bad presentation.

0:03:23.682,0:03:26.393
I decided to study cinema, and literature,

0:03:26.402,0:03:28.794
and really dig in and figure out [br]what was going on

0:03:28.794,0:03:30.851
and why it was broken.

0:03:30.851,0:03:33.770
So, I want to show you some of the findings

0:03:33.770,0:03:37.983
that led up to what I think of –[br]I've uncovered as a presentation form.

0:03:37.983,0:03:40.113
So it was obvious to start with Aristotle,

0:03:40.113,0:03:42.607
he had a three act structure, [br]a beginning, a middle and an end,

0:03:42.607,0:03:44.800
studied poetics and rhetoric,

0:03:44.800,0:03:48.303
and a lot of presentations don't even [br]have that in its most simple form.

0:03:48.303,0:03:51.053
And then when I moved on[br]to studying hero archetypes

0:03:51.053,0:03:52.861
I thought, "OK, the presenter is the hero,

0:03:52.861,0:03:55.117
they are up on the stage,[br]they're the star of the show."

0:03:55.117,0:03:58.373
It's really easy to feel that way, as the presenter,[br]that you are the star of the show.

0:03:58.373,0:04:00.893
I realized right away,[br]that that's really broken.

0:04:00.893,0:04:04.433
Because I have an idea,[br]I can put it out there,

0:04:04.433,0:04:07.113
but if you guys don't grab that idea [br]and hold it as dear,

0:04:07.113,0:04:09.633
the idea goes nowhere [br]and the world is never changed.

0:04:09.633,0:04:11.895
So in reality, the presenter isn't the hero,

0:04:11.895,0:04:14.738
the audience is the hero of our idea.

0:04:14.738,0:04:17.183
So if you look at Joseph Campbell's [br]Hero's Journey,

0:04:17.183,0:04:20.403
just in the front part, there was some [br]really interesting insights there.

0:04:20.403,0:04:22.899
So there is this likable hero [br]in an ordinary world,

0:04:22.899,0:04:24.773
and they get this call to adventure.

0:04:24.773,0:04:26.552
So the world is kind of [br]brought out of balance.

0:04:26.552,0:04:28.333
And at first they're resistant,

0:04:28.333,0:04:30.690
they're like "I don't know if [br]I want to jump into this"

0:04:30.690,0:04:31.968
and then a mentor comes along

0:04:31.968,0:04:34.271
and helps them move [br]from their ordinary world

0:04:34.271,0:04:35.856
into a special world.

0:04:35.856,0:04:37.873
And that's the role of the presenter.

0:04:37.873,0:04:40.773
It's to be the mentor. [br]You are not Luke Skywalker, you're Yoda.

0:04:40.773,0:04:42.872
You're the one that actually [br]helps the audience

0:04:42.872,0:04:46.986
move from one thing and [br]into your new special idea,

0:04:46.986,0:04:49.053
and that's the power of story.

0:04:49.053,0:04:53.463
So in its most simple structure, [br]it's a three part structure of the story.

0:04:53.463,0:04:56.283
You have a likable hero, who has a desire,

0:04:56.283,0:04:59.133
they encounter a roadblock, and ultimately

0:04:59.133,0:05:02.809
they emerge, transform, [br]and that's the basic structure.

0:05:02.810,0:05:06.553
But it wasn't until I came across [br]a Gustav Freytag's pyramid

0:05:06.553,0:05:09.317
– he drew this shape in 1863.

0:05:09.317,0:05:11.668
Now he was a German dramatist,

0:05:11.676,0:05:13.979
– he was a German dramatist –

0:05:13.979,0:05:16.767
and he believed there is a five act structure,

0:05:16.767,0:05:22.566
which has an exposition, a rising action, [br]a climax, a falling action and a denouement,

0:05:22.566,0:05:25.733
which is the unraveling or [br]the resolution of the story.

0:05:25.733,0:05:27.948
I love this shape. So we talk about shapes.

0:05:27.948,0:05:30.249
Story has an arc, well an arc is a shape.

0:05:30.249,0:05:33.690
We talk about classical music, [br]having a shapeliness to it.

0:05:33.705,0:05:37.363
So I thought, hey, if presentations had a shape, [br]what would that shape be?

0:05:37.363,0:05:40.563
And how did the greatest communicators [br]use that shape

0:05:40.563,0:05:41.930
or do they use a shape?

0:05:41.930,0:05:44.083
So I'll never forget, it was a Saturday morning.

0:05:44.083,0:05:46.470
After all this study, [br]– it was a couple of years of study –

0:05:46.470,0:05:47.867
I drew a shape.

0:05:47.867,0:05:48.895
And I was like,

0:05:48.895,0:05:50.429
"Oh my gosh, if this shape is real,

0:05:50.429,0:05:53.267
I should be able to take [br]two completely different presentations,

0:05:53.267,0:05:55.619
and overlay it and it should be true."

0:05:55.619,0:05:56.922
So I took the obvious,

0:05:56.922,0:05:59.024
I took Martin Luther King's[br]"I Have a Dream" speech,

0:05:59.024,0:06:01.943
and I took Steve Jobs' [br]2007 iPhone launch speech,

0:06:01.943,0:06:04.093
I overlaid it over it, and it worked.

0:06:04.093,0:06:07.603
I sat in my office, just astounded. [br]I actually cried a little,

0:06:07.603,0:06:10.593
because I was like,[br]"I've been given this gift,"

0:06:10.593,0:06:11.719
and here it is,

0:06:11.719,0:06:14.993
this is the shape of a great presentation.

0:06:14.993,0:06:19.033
Isn't it amazing? [br](Mock sob; laughter) I was crying.

0:06:19.033,0:06:21.583
So I want to walk you through it, [br]'cause it's actually pretty astounding.

0:06:21.583,0:06:23.903
There is a beginning, a middle and an end [br]and I want to walk you through it.

0:06:23.903,0:06:27.753
Because the greatest communicators of all times, [br]– I went through speeches, everything, –

0:06:27.753,0:06:29.013
actually I can overlay the shape,

0:06:29.013,0:06:31.663
even the Gettysburg Address[br]follows the shape.

0:06:31.663,0:06:35.233
So the beginning of any presentation, [br]you need to establish what is.

0:06:35.233,0:06:37.693
You know, here's the status quo,[br]here's what's going on.

0:06:37.693,0:06:40.273
And then you need to compare that[br]to what could be.

0:06:40.273,0:06:43.183
Now you need to make that gap [br]as big as possible,

0:06:43.183,0:06:47.047
because there is this commonplace [br]of the status quo,

0:06:47.047,0:06:49.913
and you need to contrast that [br]with the loftiness of your idea.

0:06:49.913,0:06:52.098
So it's like you know, here's the past, [br]here's the present,

0:06:52.098,0:06:54.281
but look at our future.

0:06:54.281,0:06:55.601
Here's a problem,

0:06:55.601,0:06:57.398
but look at that problem removed.

0:06:57.398,0:06:58.719
Here's a roadblock,

0:06:58.719,0:07:00.410
let's annihilate the roadblock.

0:07:00.410,0:07:02.503
You need to really amplify that gap.

0:07:02.503,0:07:05.353
This would be like the inciting incident in a movie.

0:07:05.353,0:07:08.663
That's when suddenly the audience [br]has to contend with what you just put out there

0:07:08.663,0:07:09.819
and they have to say "Wow,

0:07:09.819,0:07:12.013
do I want to agree with this [br]and align with it or not?"

0:07:12.013,0:07:15.361
And in the rest of your presentation[br]should support that.

0:07:15.361,0:07:17.972
So the middle goes back and forth,

0:07:17.972,0:07:21.383
it traverses between what is and what could be, [br]what is and what could be.

0:07:21.383,0:07:22.783
Because what you are trying to do

0:07:22.783,0:07:25.822
is make the status quo and the normal unappealing,

0:07:25.822,0:07:30.586
and you're wanting to draw them towards [br]what could be in the future with your idea adopted.

0:07:30.586,0:07:33.643
Now, on your way to change the world, [br]people are gonna resist,

0:07:33.643,0:07:35.963
they are not going to be excited, [br]they may love the world the way it is.

0:07:35.963,0:07:37.623
So you'll encounter resistance.

0:07:37.623,0:07:39.585
That's why you have to move back and forth,

0:07:39.585,0:07:41.763
that's similar to sailing.

0:07:41.763,0:07:45.172
When you're sailing against the wind, [br]and there is wind resistance,

0:07:45.172,0:07:48.523
you have to move your boat back and forth, [br]and back and forth.

0:07:48.523,0:07:50.166
That's so you can capture the wind.

0:07:50.166,0:07:53.683
You have to actually capture the resistance [br]coming against you when you are sailing.

0:07:53.683,0:07:57.833
Now interesting, if you capture the wind just right, [br]and you set your sail just right,

0:07:57.833,0:08:00.149
your ship will actually sail faster than the wind itself

0:08:00.149,0:08:01.975
– it is a physics phenomenon.

0:08:01.975,0:08:05.542
So by planting in there, the way they're gonna resist[br]between what is and what can be,

0:08:05.542,0:08:10.519
is actually going to draw them towards your idea [br]quicker than should you not do that.

0:08:10.519,0:08:14.093
So after you've moved back and forth [br]between what is and what could be,

0:08:14.093,0:08:17.848
the last turning point is a call-to-action [br]which every presentation should have

0:08:17.848,0:08:19.389
– but at the very end.

0:08:19.389,0:08:21.311
You need to describe the world as a new bliss,

0:08:21.311,0:08:23.773
"This is utopia with my idea adopted."

0:08:23.773,0:08:25.196
"This is the way the world is going to look,

0:08:25.196,0:08:27.881
when we join together and we solve this big problem."

0:08:27.881,0:08:30.219
You need to use that as your ending,

0:08:30.219,0:08:33.357
in a very poetic and a dramatic way.

0:08:33.357,0:08:36.418
So, interestingly, when I was done,[br]I was like, "You know what?

0:08:36.418,0:08:39.266
I could use this as an analysis tool."

0:08:39.266,0:08:41.423
I actually transcribe speeches

0:08:41.423,0:08:43.097
and I would actually map out,

0:08:43.097,0:08:44.973
how much they map to this tool.

0:08:44.973,0:08:47.006
So I want to show you some of that today,

0:08:47.006,0:08:50.041
and I want to start with the very two people[br]that I used when I first did.

0:08:50.064,0:08:53.053
Here's Mr. Jobs, completely [br]has changed the world.

0:08:53.053,0:08:55.948
Changed the world of personal computing, [br]he has changed the music industry,

0:08:55.957,0:08:58.093
and now he is on his way to change the device,

0:08:58.093,0:08:59.283
the mobile device industry.

0:08:59.283,0:09:00.613
So he has definitely changed the world.

0:09:00.613,0:09:04.014
And this is the shape of his iPhone launch 2007,

0:09:04.014,0:09:05.179
when he launched his iPhone.

0:09:05.179,0:09:08.260
It's a ninety-minute-talk and you can see [br]he starts with what is,

0:09:08.260,0:09:11.680
traverses back and forth and ends with what could be.

0:09:11.680,0:09:13.838
So I want to zoom in on this:

0:09:13.847,0:09:17.281
the white line is him speaking, he's talking.

0:09:17.281,0:09:20.853
And the next color line you see popped up there, [br]that's when he cuts to video.

0:09:20.853,0:09:23.003
So he's adding some variety and he cuts to demo.

0:09:23.003,0:09:25.293
So it's not just him talking the whole time.

0:09:25.293,0:09:28.349
And these lines are representative there.

0:09:28.349,0:09:31.966
And then towards the end you'll see a blue line, [br]which will be the guest speaker.

0:09:31.966,0:09:34.166
So this is where it gets kind of interesting:

0:09:34.166,0:09:37.015
every tick mark here is when he made them laugh.

0:09:37.015,0:09:39.433
And every tick mark here is when he made them clap.

0:09:39.433,0:09:41.523
They are so involved physically,

0:09:41.523,0:09:45.303
they are physically reacting to what he is saying, [br]which is actually fantastic,

0:09:45.303,0:09:48.483
because then now you have the audience [br]in your hand.

0:09:48.483,0:09:51.333
So he kicks off what could be,

0:09:51.333,0:09:54.773
with "This is a day I've been looking forward to [br]for two and a half years."

0:09:54.773,0:09:56.283
So he is launching a product

0:09:56.283,0:09:58.143
that he's known about already for a couple of years.

0:09:58.143,0:09:59.773
So this is not a new product to him.

0:09:59.773,0:10:01.773
But look at this, he does this other thing:

0:10:01.773,0:10:03.153
he marvels.

0:10:03.153,0:10:04.615
He marvels at his own product.

0:10:04.615,0:10:07.856
He marvels himself [br]more than the audience laughs or claps.

0:10:07.856,0:10:11.343
So he is like, "Isn't this awesome? [br]Isn't this beautiful?"

0:10:11.343,0:10:14.883
He is modeling for the audience [br]what he wants them to feel.

0:10:14.883,0:10:19.423
So he is actually doing a job [br]of compelling them to feel a certain way.

0:10:19.423,0:10:21.643
So he kicks off with what could be,

0:10:21.643,0:10:26.243
with "Every once in a while, a revolutionary product[br]comes along that changes everything."

0:10:26.243,0:10:28.663
So he starts to kick in and[br]talk about his new product.

0:10:28.663,0:10:31.713
Now at the beginning of it, [br]he actually keeps the phone off.

0:10:31.713,0:10:34.863
You'll see that the line is [br]pretty wide up until this point,

0:10:34.863,0:10:39.503
so he goes off between "Here's this new phone [br]and here's the sucky competitors.

0:10:39.503,0:10:42.443
Here's this new phone [br]and here's the sucking competitors."

0:10:42.443,0:10:45.236
And then, right about here, he has the star moment

0:10:45.236,0:10:47.325
– and that something we'll always remember.

0:10:47.325,0:10:48.846
He does, he turns the phone on.

0:10:48.846,0:10:50.655
The audience sees scrolling for the first time,

0:10:50.655,0:10:52.405
you can hear the oxygen sucked out of the room.

0:10:52.405,0:10:54.373
They gasped. You can actually hear it.

0:10:54.373,0:10:56.763
So he creates a moment that [br]they'll always remember.

0:10:56.763,0:10:59.247
So if we move along this model, [br]you can see the blue

0:10:59.247,0:11:01.015
– where the external speakers are going in –

0:11:01.015,0:11:03.755
and then, over towards the bottom right, [br]the line breaks.

0:11:03.755,0:11:05.663
That's because of his clicker broke.

0:11:05.663,0:11:08.505
So what is he doing? He wants to keep [br]this heightened sense of excitement.

0:11:08.505,0:11:10.213
He tells a personal story,

0:11:10.213,0:11:12.283
right there, where the technology didn't work.

0:11:12.283,0:11:14.435
So he is the master communicator [br]and he turns to story

0:11:14.435,0:11:16.479
to keep the audience involved.

0:11:16.479,0:11:19.383
So the top right he ends with the new bliss.

0:11:19.383,0:11:20.744
He leaves them with the promise

0:11:20.744,0:11:24.213
that Apple will continue to build[br]revolutionary new products.

0:11:24.213,0:11:26.353
And he says,

0:11:26.353,0:11:28.863
"There's an old Wayne Gretzky quote that I love:

0:11:28.863,0:11:31.413
'I skate to where the puck is going to be, [br]not to where it has been.'

0:11:31.413,0:11:35.362
We've always tried to do that at Apple [br]and since the very very beginning, we always will."

0:11:35.362,0:11:37.395
So he ends with the new bliss.

0:11:37.395,0:11:39.163
So let's look at Mr. King.

0:11:39.163,0:11:41.683
He was an amazing visionary, he's a clergyman,

0:11:41.683,0:11:44.463
who spent his life working hard for equality.

0:11:44.463,0:11:47.153
And this is the shape of the [br]"I Have a Dream" speech.

0:11:47.153,0:11:48.383
You can see he starts with 'what is',

0:11:48.383,0:11:51.018
moves back and forth between [br]what is and what could be,

0:11:51.018,0:11:55.593
and ends with a very poetic new bliss, [br]which is the famous part we all know.

0:11:55.593,0:11:59.395
So I'm gonna spread it out a little bit here, [br]stretch it for ya',

0:11:59.395,0:12:01.794
and what I'm doing here is[br]I put the actual transcript there

0:12:01.794,0:12:04.342
along with the text.[br]I know you can't read it.

0:12:04.342,0:12:06.751
But at the end of every line break, [br]I broke the line there,

0:12:06.751,0:12:09.256
because he took a breath and he paused.

0:12:09.256,0:12:12.193
Now he was a Southern Baptist preacher, [br]most people haven't heard that,

0:12:12.193,0:12:13.882
so he had a real cadence and a rhythm,

0:12:13.882,0:12:15.695
that was really new for people there.

0:12:15.695,0:12:18.523
So I want to cover up these lines of texts with a bar

0:12:18.523,0:12:22.103
'cause I want to use this bar [br]as an information device here.

0:12:22.103,0:12:25.443
So let's walk through [br]how he actually spoke to the people.

0:12:26.303,0:12:28.675
The blue bars here are going to be when he used

0:12:28.675,0:12:30.608
the actual rhetorical device of repetition.

0:12:30.608,0:12:31.818
So he was repeating himself,

0:12:31.818,0:12:34.093
he was using the same words and phrases,

0:12:34.093,0:12:36.673
so people could remember and recall them.

0:12:36.673,0:12:39.693
But then he also used a lot of metaphors[br]and visual words.

0:12:39.693,0:12:42.138
This was a way to take really complicated ideas

0:12:42.138,0:12:45.069
and make it memorable, and knowledgeable, [br]so people got it.

0:12:45.069,0:12:46.571
He actually created very –

0:12:46.571,0:12:49.148
almost like scenes with his words to make it –

0:12:49.148,0:12:51.606
so they could envision what he was saying.

0:12:51.606,0:12:54.863
And then there were also a lot of familiar [br]songs and scriptures that he used.

0:12:54.872,0:12:56.953
This is just the front end of it[br]that you are seeing.

0:12:56.953,0:13:01.953
And then he also made a lot of political references [br]of the promises that were made to the people.

0:13:01.953,0:13:04.673
So if we look at the very first end of 'what is',

0:13:04.673,0:13:09.843
at the very end of 'what is' was the very first time [br]that people actually clapped and roared really loud.

0:13:09.843,0:13:11.838
So the end of 'what is', what he did is, he said,

0:13:11.838,0:13:14.005
"America has given the Negro people a bad check,

0:13:14.005,0:13:16.633
a check which has come back[br]marked insufficient funds."

0:13:16.633,0:13:19.283
Well, everyone knows what is like [br]to not have money in your account.

0:13:19.283,0:13:22.533
So he used the metaphor [br]people were very familiar with.

0:13:22.533,0:13:26.833
But when they really charged up, [br]the very first time they really screamed was:

0:13:26.833,0:13:28.893
"So we have come to cash this check,

0:13:28.907,0:13:33.823
a check that will give us upon demand [br]the riches of freedom and the security of justice."

0:13:33.823,0:13:35.328
That's when they really clapped.

0:13:35.336,0:13:38.363
It was when he compared[br]what currently is to what could be.

0:13:38.363,0:13:40.930
So when we move along [br]a little farther in the model,

0:13:40.930,0:13:44.070
you'll see it goes back and forth [br]in a more frenzy pace.

0:13:44.070,0:13:46.412
And this is when he goes [br]back and forth, and back and forth,

0:13:46.412,0:13:48.603
now the audience was in a frenzy.

0:13:48.603,0:13:50.832
You know, they were all excited, [br]and so you can actually do this

0:13:50.832,0:13:54.061
to keep them in a heightened [br]sense of excitement.

0:13:54.061,0:13:56.553
So he says, "I have a dream

0:13:56.553,0:14:01.453
that one day this nation will rise up [br]and live out the meaning of its creed.

0:14:01.453,0:14:04.900
'We hold these truths to be self-evident, [br]that all men are created equal.'"

0:14:04.900,0:14:07.991
So you can see he uses the little orange text there [br]to remind them of the promise

0:14:07.991,0:14:11.133
that the politicians had made to him [br]or that this country had made.

0:14:11.133,0:14:12.847
Then he moves back and forth between

0:14:12.847,0:14:16.344
"I have a dream that one day, [br]I have a dream that one day,

0:14:16.344,0:14:19.673
I have a dream that one day", [br]and at the end, it gets really interesting here.

0:14:19.673,0:14:22.393
Because he uses, [br]you can look the four shades of green,

0:14:22.393,0:14:25.173
there's a lot of blue there, [br]which was a lot of repetition,

0:14:25.173,0:14:27.173
he had a heightened sense of repetition.

0:14:27.173,0:14:30.513
And the green was a heightened sense [br]of songs and scriptures.

0:14:30.513,0:14:34.913
So with the first batch of green was [br]the actual scripture from the book of Isaiah.

0:14:34.913,0:14:38.163
The second batch of green was [br]"My Country, 'Tis of Thee."

0:14:38.163,0:14:41.441
Now, that's a familiar song [br]that was specifically very significant

0:14:41.441,0:14:43.270
for the black people at the time,

0:14:43.270,0:14:47.443
because this song was the song [br]they chose to change the words to as an outcry,

0:14:47.443,0:14:49.853
saying that promises had not been kept.

0:14:49.853,0:14:54.033
So the third batch of green was actually [br]a stanza from "My Country, 'Tis of Thee."

0:14:54.033,0:14:56.783
And then the fourth was a Negro spiritual.

0:14:56.783,0:14:59.963
"Free at last! Free at last! [br]Thank God Almighty, I'm free at last!"

0:14:59.963,0:15:04.663
So what he did is he actually reached inside [br]of the hearts of the audience.

0:15:04.663,0:15:06.712
He pulled from scriptures what is important.

0:15:06.712,0:15:08.824
He pulled from songs that they'd sung together,

0:15:08.824,0:15:12.076
as an outcry against this outrage [br]and he used those as a device

0:15:12.076,0:15:14.073
to connect and resonate with the audience.

0:15:14.073,0:15:16.592
Ending, painting a picture of this new bliss,

0:15:16.592,0:15:21.203
using the very things inside of them [br]that they already held as sacred.

0:15:21.203,0:15:24.283
So he was a great man.[br]He had a big, big dream.

0:15:24.283,0:15:26.993
There's a lot of people here,[br]you guys have really big dreams. (Laughter)

0:15:26.993,0:15:28.618
There're really big ideas inside of you

0:15:28.618,0:15:31.210
that you need to get out.[br]But you know what?

0:15:31.210,0:15:35.103
We encounter hardships. It's not easy [br]to change the world, it's a big job.

0:15:35.103,0:15:36.842
And you know he was –

0:15:36.842,0:15:38.760
his house was bombed,[br]he was stabbed with a letter opener,

0:15:38.760,0:15:40.543
ultimately, he lost his life,

0:15:40.543,0:15:42.649
you know, for what he cared about.

0:15:42.654,0:15:47.133
But you know a lot of us aren't gonna be required [br]to pay that kind of sacrifice,

0:15:47.133,0:15:49.694
but what happens is that it basically

0:15:49.694,0:15:53.144
is a little bit like that basic story structure. [br]Life can be like that.

0:15:53.144,0:15:55.297
You know you guys are all likable people,

0:15:55.297,0:15:57.822
you have a desire, you encounter roadblocks,

0:15:57.822,0:15:59.923
and we stop there.

0:15:59.923,0:16:02.057
We're just like, you know, [br]"I had this idea,

0:16:02.057,0:16:03.839
but I'm not gonna put it out there.

0:16:03.839,0:16:05.023
It's been rejected."

0:16:05.023,0:16:09.103
You know – we self-sabotage our own ideas,

0:16:09.103,0:16:12.096
we just butt up against the roadblocks, [br]and butt up against the roadblocks

0:16:12.096,0:16:14.796
instead of choosing [br]to let the struggle transform us

0:16:14.796,0:16:18.708
and choosing to go ahead [br]and have a dream and make it real.

0:16:18.708,0:16:20.652
And you know, if anyone,

0:16:20.652,0:16:22.744
if I can do this, anybody can do this.

0:16:22.744,0:16:26.623
I was raised in an economically [br]and emotionally starved environment.

0:16:26.623,0:16:30.403
First time I got to go to a camp [br]with my sister I was abused,

0:16:30.403,0:16:33.813
wasn't the first time I was abused, [br]though, it was just the most aggressive.

0:16:33.813,0:16:37.224
And my mom and dad [br]– they married each other three times,

0:16:37.224,0:16:40.695
yeah, that was tumultuous [br]and when they weren't fighting

0:16:40.695,0:16:43.278
they were helping sober up some [br]alcoholic that was living with us

0:16:43.278,0:16:45.183
because they were both sober alcoholics.

0:16:45.183,0:16:48.093
So my mom abandoned us [br]when I was sixteen years old.

0:16:48.093,0:16:51.473
And I took on a role of caretaker [br]of my home and of my siblings.

0:16:51.473,0:16:54.853
And I married. I met a man.

0:16:54.853,0:16:57.223
Fell in love. I went to a year of college.

0:16:57.223,0:16:59.593
I did what every single [br]bright young girl should do,

0:16:59.593,0:17:01.973
it's I got married when [br]I was eighteen years old.

0:17:01.973,0:17:03.541
And you know what?

0:17:03.541,0:17:07.592
I knew, I knew, [br]that I was born for more than this.

0:17:07.592,0:17:10.983
And right at the point in the story[br]of my life I had a choice.

0:17:10.983,0:17:13.721
I could let all these things push me down

0:17:13.721,0:17:16.335
and I could let all my ideas die inside of me.

0:17:16.335,0:17:18.362
I could just say, you know,[br]life is too hard to change the world.

0:17:18.362,0:17:19.903
It's just too tough.

0:17:19.903,0:17:23.013
But I chose a different story for my life.

0:17:23.013,0:17:27.093
Don't you know it? (Laughter)

0:17:27.093,0:17:31.563
And so I feel like there's people in this room, [br]you got these little Suavitos baking spices

0:17:31.563,0:17:33.906
and you're just like, [br]"You know, It's not that big a deal."

0:17:33.906,0:17:36.533
"It's really not the whole world I can change."

0:17:36.533,0:17:38.036
But you know you can change your world.

0:17:38.036,0:17:40.232
You can change your life. You can change

0:17:40.232,0:17:41.845
the world that you have control on,

0:17:41.845,0:17:43.598
you can change your sphere.

0:17:43.598,0:17:45.753
I want to encourage you to do that.

0:17:45.753,0:17:47.436
Because you know what?

0:17:47.436,0:17:50.780
The future isn't a place that we're going to go.

0:17:50.780,0:17:54.033
It's a place that you get to create.

0:17:54.033,0:17:56.086
I want to thank you. (Applause)

0:17:56.086,0:17:59.433
Bless you. God bless you. Thank you.