[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.33,0:00:09.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, hello everybody!
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.20,0:00:14.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm here to talk to you about\Na new way of doing journalism.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.29,0:00:16.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some people call this citizen journalism,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.97,0:00:19.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,other people call it\Ncollaborative journalism,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.13,0:00:24.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but really it kind of means this:\Nfor the journalists, people like me,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.47,0:00:27.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it means accepting\Nthat you can't know everything
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.67,0:00:30.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and allowing other people,\Nthrough technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.25,0:00:32.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be your eyes and your ears.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.89,0:00:36.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And for people like you,\Nfor other members of the public,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.54,0:00:39.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it can mean not just being\Nthe passive consumers of news,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.81,0:00:42.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also co-producing news.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.14,0:00:45.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I believe this can be\Na really empowering process.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.50,0:00:51.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It can enable ordinary people\Nto hold powerful organizations to account.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.27,0:00:54.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I am going to explain this\Nto you today with two cases,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.47,0:00:56.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,two stories that I've investigated.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.74,0:01:00.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they both involve\Ncontroversial deaths.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.19,0:01:05.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in both cases, the authorities\Nput out an official version of events,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.27,0:01:07.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was somewhat misleading.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.44,0:01:11.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were able to tell an alternative truth\Nutilizing new technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.95,0:01:14.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,utilizing social media,\Nparticularly Twitter.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.93,0:01:18.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Essentially, what I'm talking about here\Nis, as I said, citizen journalism.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.48,0:01:20.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So to take the first case,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.76,0:01:24.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is Ian Tomlinson,\Nman in the foreground.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.37,0:01:30.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was a newspaper vendor from London,\Nand on the 1st of April 2009,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.47,0:01:33.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he died at the G20 protests in London.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.73,0:01:38.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He wasn't a protester, he'd been trying\Nto find his way home from work
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.11,0:01:41.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through the demonstrations,\Nbut he didn't get home.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.82,0:01:44.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He had an encounter\Nwith a man behind him, and as you can see,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.74,0:01:47.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the man behind him has covered his face\Nwith a balaclava.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.94,0:01:50.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, in fact,\Nhe wasn't showing his badge numbers.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.71,0:01:53.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I can tell you now,\Nhe was PC Simon Harwood,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.63,0:01:57.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a police officer\Nwith London's Metropolitan Police Force.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.07,0:02:00.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, he belonged\Nto the elite territorial support group.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.83,0:02:06.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, moments after this image was shot,\NHarwood struck Tomlinson with a baton,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.26,0:02:10.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he pushed him to ground,\Nand Tomlinson died moments later.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.42,0:02:14.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that wasn't the story\Nthe police wanted us to tell.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.62,0:02:17.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Initially, through official statements\Nand off-the-record briefings,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.89,0:02:22.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they said that Ian Tomlinson\Nhad died of natural causes.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.84,0:02:26.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They said that there had been\Nno contact with the police,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.06,0:02:28.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there were no marks on his body.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.43,0:02:31.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, they said that when police\Ntried to resuscitate him,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.81,0:02:35.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the police medics were impeded\Nfrom doing so
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.05,0:02:39.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because protesters were throwing missiles,\Nbelieved to be bottles, at police.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.61,0:02:43.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the result of that\Nwere stories like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.68,0:02:46.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I show you this slide\Nbecause this was the newspaper
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.93,0:02:50.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that Ian Tomlinson had been selling\Nfor 20 years of his life.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.56,0:02:53.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if any news organization\Nhad an obligation
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.31,0:02:55.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to properly forensically analyze\Nwhat had been going on,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.97,0:02:59.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was the Evening Standard newspaper,\Nbut they, like everyone else,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.20,0:03:01.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including my news organization,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.46,0:03:05.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were misled by the official version\Nof events put out by police.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.22,0:03:06.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you can see here the bottles
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.80,0:03:09.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were supposedly being thrown\Nat the police
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.22,0:03:11.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were turned into bricks\Nby the time they reached
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.46,0:03:13.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this edition of the newspaper.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.43,0:03:16.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were suspicious and we wanted to see\Nif there was more to the story.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.77,0:03:19.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We needed to find those protesters\Nyou see in the image,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.40,0:03:22.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they had vanished\Nby the time we started investigating.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.29,0:03:24.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how do you find the witnesses?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.21,0:03:27.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is, for me,\Nwhere it got really interesting.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.08,0:03:28.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We turned to the internet.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.32,0:03:30.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is Twitter,\Nwe've heard a lot about it today.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.66,0:03:33.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Essentially, for me,\Nwhen I began investigating this case,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.97,0:03:36.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was completely new to this,\NI'd signed up two days earlier.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.85,0:03:40.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I discovered\Nthat Twitter was a micro-blogging site.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.13,0:03:44.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It enabled me to send out\Nshort, 140-character messages.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.31,0:03:47.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also, an amazing search facility.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.06,0:03:50.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it was a social arena\Nin which other people
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.48,0:03:52.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were gathering with a common motive.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.95,0:03:56.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in this case,\Nindependently of journalists,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.25,0:04:00.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people themselves were interrogating\Nexactly what had happened to Ian Tomlinson
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.95,0:04:04.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in his last 30 minutes of life.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.68,0:04:07.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Individuals like these two guys.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.85,0:04:12.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they went to Ian Tomlinson's aid\Nafter he collapsed.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.22,0:04:14.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They phoned the ambulance.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.02,0:04:17.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They didn't see any bottles,\Nthey didn't see any bricks.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.64,0:04:20.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were concerned that\Nthe stories weren't quite as accurate
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.54,0:04:22.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as police were claiming them to be.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.79,0:04:25.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And again, through social media,\Nwe started encountering
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.63,0:04:29.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,individuals with material like this:\Nphotographs, evidence.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.41,0:04:33.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now this does not show the attack\Non Ian Tomlinson,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.04,0:04:35.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but he appears to be in some distress.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.59,0:04:37.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Was he drunk?\NDid he fall over?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.64,0:04:40.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Did this have anything to do\Nwith the police officers next to him?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.75,0:04:42.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here he appears to be talking to them.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.87,0:04:47.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For us, this was enough\Nto investigate further, to dig deeper.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.67,0:04:53.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The result was putting out\Nstories ourselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.43,0:04:56.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, one of the most amazing things\Nabout the internet is the information
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.97,0:05:00.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that people put out is freely available\Nto anyone, as we all know.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.16,0:05:02.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That doesn't just go\Nfor citizen journalists,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.26,0:05:05.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or for people putting out\Nmessages on Facebook or Twitter.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.89,0:05:08.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That goes for journalists themselves,\Npeople like me.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.50,0:05:13.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As long as your news is the right side\Nof a pay wall, i.e., it's free,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.13,0:05:14.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,anybody can access it.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.72,0:05:16.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And stories like these,\Nwhich were questioning
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.91,0:05:20.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the official version of events,\Nwhich were skeptical in tone,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.08,0:05:23.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,allowed people to realize\Nthat we had questions ourselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.86,0:05:25.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were online magnets.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.75,0:05:28.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Individuals with material\Nthat could help us
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.07,0:05:31.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were drawn toward us\Nby some kind of gravitational force.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.35,0:05:37.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And after six days, we had managed\Nto track down around 20 witnesses.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.80,0:05:39.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we've plotted them here on the map.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.67,0:05:41.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the scene\Nof Ian Tomlinson's death,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.76,0:05:43.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Bank of England in London.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.54,0:05:46.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And each of these witnesses\Nthat we plotted on the map,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.16,0:05:49.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you could click on these\Nsmall bullet points,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.18,0:05:53.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you could hear what they had to say,\Nsee their photographic image,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.40,0:05:56.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and at times,\Nsee their videographic images as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.48,0:06:00.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But still, at this stage,\Nwith witnesses telling us
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.24,0:06:03.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they'd seen police\Nattack Ian Tomlinson before his death,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.58,0:06:07.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,still, police refused to accept that.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.29,0:06:09.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was no official investigation\Ninto his death.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.92,0:06:12.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then something changed.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.52,0:06:17.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I got an email from\Nan investment fund manager in New York.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.07,0:06:20.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the day of Ian Tomlinson's death,\Nhe'd been in London on business,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.65,0:06:25.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he'd taken out his digital camera,\Nand he'd recorded this.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.40,0:06:33.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Video) This is the crowd\Nat G20 protest
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.76,0:06:36.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on April the 1st around 7:20PM.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.70,0:06:39.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were on Cornhill,\Nnear the Bank of England.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.05,0:06:41.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This footage will form the basis\Nof a police investigation
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.88,0:06:44.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into the death of this man.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.02,0:06:46.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ian Tomlinson was walking\Nthrough this area,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.24,0:06:48.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,attempting to get home from work.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.42,0:06:50.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(People yelling)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.38,0:07:06.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've slowed down the footage\Nto show how it poses serious questions
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.83,0:07:08.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about police conduct.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.43,0:07:11.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ian Tomlinson had his back\Nto riot officers and dog handlers
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.74,0:07:15.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and was walking away from them,\Nhe had his hands in his pockets.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.46,0:07:19.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here the riot officer appears to strike\NTomlinson's leg area with a baton.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.73,0:07:22.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He then lunges Tomlinson from behind.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.79,0:07:26.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tomlinson is propelled forward\Nand hits the floor.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.00,0:07:35.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(People yelling)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.53,0:07:45.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Paul Lewis: Okay, so, shocking stuff,\Nthat video wasn't playing too well,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.05,0:07:48.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but when I remember\Nwhen I first watched the video for myself
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.03,0:07:51.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd been in touch with\Nthis investment fund manager in New York,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.07,0:07:53.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know, I'd become obsessed\Nwith this story.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.29,0:07:56.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I spoke to so many people who'd said\Nthey'd seen this happen,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.88,0:08:00.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the guy on the other end of the phone\Nwas saying, "Look the video shows it."
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.64,0:08:03.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I didn't want to believe him\Nuntil I actually saw it for myself.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.64,0:08:05.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was 2AM, I was there with an IT guy,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.78,0:08:08.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the video wasn't working,\Nand then finally,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.06,0:08:09.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it landed and I clicked on it.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.68,0:08:12.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I just realized this is\Nreally something quite significant.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.95,0:08:15.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And within 15 hours,\Nwe put it on our website.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.59,0:08:18.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first thing police did\Nwas they came into our office,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.32,0:08:21.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,senior officers came to our office,\Nand asked us to take the video down.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.72,0:08:22.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We said no.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.79,0:08:24.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It would have been too late anyway
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.44,0:08:26.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it had traveled around the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.44,0:08:29.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the officer in that film,\Nin two days' time,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.40,0:08:32.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will appear before\Nan inquest jury in London,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.23,0:08:35.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they have the power to decide\Nthat Ian Tomlinson was unlawfully killed.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.75,0:08:38.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's the first case,\NI said two cases today.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.19,0:08:39.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The second case is this man.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.76,0:08:42.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, like Ian Tomlinson, he was a father.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.87,0:08:47.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He lived in London,\Nbut he was a political refugee from Angola
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.48,0:08:50.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and six months ago, the British government\Ndecided they wanted
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.38,0:08:54.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to return him to Angola;\Nhe was a failed asylum seeker.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.31,0:08:58.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they booked him a seat on an airline,\Nokay, a flight from Heathrow.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.38,0:09:02.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, the official version of events,\Nofficial explanation,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.61,0:09:06.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Jimmy Mubenga's death\Nwas simply that he'd taken ill.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.35,0:09:09.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He'd become unwell on the flight,\Nthe plane had returned to Heathrow,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.61,0:09:12.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then he was transferred to a hospital\Nand pronounced dead.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.55,0:09:15.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, what actually happened\Nto Jimmy Mubenga,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.03,0:09:18.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the story that we were able to tell,\Nmy colleague Mathew Taylor and I,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.32,0:09:22.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was that three security guards\Nbegan trying to restrain him in his seat.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.43,0:09:26.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When he was resisting his deportation,\Nthey were restraining him in his seat.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.19,0:09:28.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They placed him in a dangerous hold.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.75,0:09:33.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It keeps detainees quiet\Nand he was making a lot of noise.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.22,0:09:35.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it can also lead\Nto positional asphyxia,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.49,0:09:36.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a form of suffocation.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.28,0:09:40.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have to imagine here that\Nthere were other passengers on the plane,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.69,0:09:43.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who could hear him saying\N"I can't breathe, I can't breathe.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.54,0:09:44.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're killing me."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.60,0:09:46.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then he stopped breathing.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.10,0:09:47.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how did we find these passengers?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.89,0:09:50.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For Ian Tomlinson's case,\Nthe witnesses were still in London,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.82,0:09:53.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but these passengers,\Nmany of them had returned to Angola.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.56,0:09:55.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How were we going to find them?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.18,0:09:57.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again, we turned to the internet,\Nand we wrote -
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.42,0:10:00.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as I said before,\Nstories, they're online magnets.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.14,0:10:01.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The tone of some these stories,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.63,0:10:04.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,journalism professors might frown upon\Nbecause they were skeptical,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.79,0:10:07.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were asking questions,\Nperhaps speculative,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.46,0:10:10.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe things that journalists\Nshouldn't do, but we needed to do it,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.63,0:10:12.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we needed to use Twitter also.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.77,0:10:15.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here I'm saying an Angolan man\Ndies on a flight.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.01,0:10:17.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This story could be big,\Na level of speculation.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.52,0:10:20.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This next tweet says, "Please RT."
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.04,0:10:24.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That means please retweet,\Nplease pass down the chain.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.13,0:10:26.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one of the fascinating things\Nabout Twitter
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.15,0:10:29.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that the pattern of flow of information
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.29,0:10:31.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is unlike anything we've ever seen before.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.63,0:10:33.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't understand it,\Nbut once you let go
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.66,0:10:37.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a piece of information,\Nit travels like wind.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.19,0:10:41.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can't determine\Nwhere it ends up, but strangely,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.44,0:10:45.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tweets have an uncanny ability\Nto reach their intended destination.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.37,0:10:48.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in this case, it was this man.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.28,0:10:52.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He says, "I was also there on the BA77" -\Nthat's the flight number -
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.47,0:10:54.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"And the man was begging for help,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.18,0:10:56.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I now feel so guilty\Nthat I did nothing."
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.98,0:10:58.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now this was Michael.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.61,0:11:03.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was on an Angolan oil field\Nwhen he sent me this tweet.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.13,0:11:04.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was in my office in London.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.97,0:11:08.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He had concerns\Nabout what happened on the flight.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.12,0:11:11.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He'd gone onto his laptop,\Nhe typed in the flight number.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.45,0:11:14.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He'd encountered that tweet,\Nhe'd encountered our stories.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.73,0:11:20.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He realized we had an intention\Nto tell a different version of events.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.08,0:11:22.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were skeptical and he contacted me.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.77,0:11:25.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is what Michael said.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.68,0:11:29.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Audio) Michael: "I'm pretty sure\Nit'll turn out to be asphyxiation.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.33,0:11:33.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The last thing we heard the man say\Nwas he couldn't breathe.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.18,0:11:38.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he got three security guards\Nand each one of them
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.17,0:11:42.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looked like 100-kilo plus,\Nbearing down on him,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.59,0:11:45.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,holding him down,\Nfrom what I could see, below the seats.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.80,0:11:50.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I saw was the three men trying\Nto pull him down below the seats.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.98,0:11:54.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And all I could see was his head\Nsticking up above the seats
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.03,0:11:57.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he was hollering out,\Nyou know, "Help me."
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.86,0:12:04.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He just kept saying, "Help me, help me,"\Nand then he disappeared below the seats.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.60,0:12:09.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you could see the three security\Nguards sitting on top of him from there.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.20,0:12:15.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For the rest of my life, I'm always\Ngoing to have that in the back of my mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.48,0:12:17.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Could I have done something?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.32,0:12:21.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's going to bother me\Nevery time I lay down to go to sleep now.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.37,0:12:23.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I didn't get involved because I was scared
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.50,0:12:26.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I might get kicked off the flight\Nand lose my job.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.91,0:12:30.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If it takes three men\Nto hold a man down,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:30.58,0:12:33.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to put him on a flight,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.21,0:12:38.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when the public is armed,\Nthat's acceptable, okay.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.76,0:12:44.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If the man died,\Nokay, that right there is excessive."
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.57,0:12:49.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,PL: So that was his interpretation\Nof what had happened on the flight.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.98,0:12:52.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Michael was actually\None of five witnesses
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.47,0:12:56.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we eventually managed to track down,\Nmost of them, as I said,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.23,0:12:59.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through the internet,\Nthrough social media.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.39,0:13:01.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We could actually place them\Non the plane,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.39,0:13:03.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so you could see\Nexactly where they were sat.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.83,0:13:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I should say at this stage,\Nthat one really important dimension
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.00,0:13:10.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to all of this,\Nfor journalists to utilize social media,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.36,0:13:14.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and who utilize this as in journalism,\Nis making sure we get our facts correct.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.72,0:13:17.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Verification is absolutely essential.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.41,0:13:20.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in the case\Nof the Ian Tomlinson witnesses,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.37,0:13:22.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I got them to return to the scene\Nof the death
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.80,0:13:26.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and physically walk me through,\Nand tell me exactly what they had seen.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.66,0:13:29.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was absolutely essential.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.29,0:13:31.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the case of Mubenga,\Nwe couldn't do that,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.34,0:13:33.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they could send us\Ntheir boarding passes.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.44,0:13:35.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We could interrogate what they were saying
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.45,0:13:39.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and ensure it was consistent with what\Nour other passengers were saying too.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.07,0:13:42.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The danger in all of this for journalists,\Nfor all of us,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.56,0:13:47.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that we're victims of hoaxes,\Nor that there's deliberate misinformation
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.60,0:13:51.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fed into the public domain,\Nso we have to be careful.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:51.06,0:13:54.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But nobody can deny the power\Nof citizen journalism.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:54.78,0:13:58.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When a plane crashes into the Hudson\Ntwo years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.07,0:14:01.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the world finds out about this\Nbecause a man is on a nearby ferry,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.82,0:14:05.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he takes out his iPhone,\Nand he photographs the image of the plane
Dialogue: 0,0:14:05.34,0:14:06.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sends it around the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.90,0:14:09.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's how most people\Nfound out initially,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.09,0:14:13.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the early minutes and hours,\Nabout the plane in Hudson River.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:13.56,0:14:16.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And think of the two biggest news stories\Nof the year, okay?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.86,0:14:20.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We had the Japanese earthquake\Nand the tsunami.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.21,0:14:23.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cast your mind's eye\Nback to the images that you saw
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.72,0:14:25.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on your television screens.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.64,0:14:29.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were boats left five miles inland.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:29.29,0:14:33.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were houses being moved along\Nas if in the sea.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:34.35,0:14:38.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Water lifting up inside people's\Nliving rooms, supermarkets shaking.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:38.82,0:14:41.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These were images\Nshot by citizen journalists,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:41.09,0:14:42.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and instantly shared on the internet.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.97,0:14:47.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the other big story of the year,\Nthe political crisis,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.26,0:14:50.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the political earthquake\Nin the Middle East.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.52,0:14:55.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it doesn't matter if it was\NEgypt, or Libya, or Syria, or Yemen.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:55.48,0:14:58.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Individuals have managed to overcome
Dialogue: 0,0:14:58.57,0:15:04.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the repressive restrictions in those\Nregimes by recording their environment
Dialogue: 0,0:15:04.01,0:15:06.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and telling their own stories\Non the internet.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:06.15,0:15:08.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again, always very difficult to verify,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.60,0:15:12.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but potentially,\Na huge layer of accountability.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:12.71,0:15:15.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This image - and I could have\Nshown you any, actually.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:15.29,0:15:16.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,YouTube is full of them.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:16.50,0:15:21.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This image is of an apparently\Nunarmed protester in Bahrain.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:21.19,0:15:24.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he's being shot by security forces.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:24.12,0:15:28.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It doesn't matter\Nif the individual being mistreated,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:28.53,0:15:32.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,possibly even killed,\Nis in Bahrain or in London.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:32.64,0:15:36.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But citizen journalism and this technology\Nhas inserted a new layer
Dialogue: 0,0:15:36.79,0:15:41.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of accountability into our world,\Nand I think that's a good thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:41.18,0:15:45.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To conclude the theme of the conference,\Nwhy not?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:45.21,0:15:47.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think for journalists,\Nit's quite simple really.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.66,0:15:52.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean why not utilize this technology,\Nwhich massively broadens
Dialogue: 0,0:15:52.21,0:15:55.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the boundaries of what's possible,\Naccept that many of the things
Dialogue: 0,0:15:55.31,0:15:59.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that happen in our world now go recorded,\Nand we can obtain that information
Dialogue: 0,0:15:59.95,0:16:01.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through social media.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.70,0:16:03.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's new for journalists
Dialogue: 0,0:16:03.17,0:16:06.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The stories I showed you, I don't think\Nwe would have been able to investigate
Dialogue: 0,0:16:06.87,0:16:09.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,10 years ago,\Npossibly even five years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:09.92,0:16:12.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think there's a very good argument\Nto say that the two deaths,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:12.95,0:16:15.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the death of Ian Tomlinson,\Nand the death of Jimmy Mubenga,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:15.81,0:16:19.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we still today wouldn't know\Nexactly what happened in those cases.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:19.37,0:16:21.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And why not, for people like yourselves?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:21.78,0:16:24.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, I think that's very simple too.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:24.40,0:16:28.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you encounter something\Nthat you believe is problematic,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:28.06,0:16:32.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that disturbs you, that concerns you,\Nan injustice of some kind,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:32.28,0:16:35.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something that just\Ndoesn't feel quite right,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:35.19,0:16:39.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then why not witness it,\Nrecord it, and share it?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:40.83,0:16:46.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That process of witnessing,\Nrecording, and sharing is journalism.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:46.68,0:16:48.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we can all do it, so thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:48.97,0:16:50.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)