[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.00,0:00:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm thrilled to be here.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.00,0:00:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to talk about a new, old material
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.00,0:00:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that still continues to amaze us,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.00,0:00:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that might impact the way we think
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.00,0:00:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about material science, high technology --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.00,0:00:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and maybe, along the way,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.00,0:00:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also do some stuff for medicine and for global health and help reforestation.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.00,0:00:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's kind of a bold statement.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.00,0:00:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll tell you a little bit more.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.00,0:00:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This material actually has some traits that make it seem almost too good to be true.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.00,0:00:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's sustainable; it's a sustainable material
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.00,0:00:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is processed all in water and at room temperature --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.00,0:00:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and is biodegradable with a clock,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.00,0:00:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so you can watch it dissolve instantaneously in a glass of water
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.00,0:00:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or have it stable for years.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.00,0:00:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's edible; it's implantable in the human body
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.00,0:00:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without causing any immune response.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.00,0:00:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It actually gets reintegrated in the body.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.00,0:00:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's technological,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.00,0:00:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it can do things like microelectronics,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.00,0:00:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and maybe photonics do.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.00,0:00:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the material
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.00,0:00:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looks something like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.00,0:00:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, this material you see is clear and transparent.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.00,0:01:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The components of this material are just water and protein.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.00,0:01:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this material is silk.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.00,0:01:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's kind of different
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.00,0:01:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from what we're used to thinking about silk.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.00,0:01:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the question is, how do you reinvent something
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.00,0:01:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that has been around for five millennia?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.00,0:01:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The process of discovery, generally, is inspired by nature.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.00,0:01:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so we marvel at silk worms --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.00,0:01:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the silk worm you see here spinning its fiber.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.00,0:01:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The silk worm does a remarkable thing:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.00,0:01:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it uses these two ingredients, protein and water,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.00,0:01:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are in its gland,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.00,0:01:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make a material that is exceptionally tough for protection --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.00,0:01:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so comparable to technical fibers
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.00,0:01:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like Kevlar.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.00,0:01:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so in the reverse engineering process
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.00,0:01:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we know about,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.00,0:01:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that we're familiar with,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.00,0:01:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the textile industry,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.00,0:01:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the textile industry goes and unwinds the cocoon
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.00,0:01:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then weaves glamorous things.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.00,0:01:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We want to know how you go from water and protein
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.00,0:01:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to this liquid Kevlar, to this natural Kevlar.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.00,0:01:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the insight
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.00,0:01:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is how do you actually reverse engineer this
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.00,0:01:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and go from cocoon to gland
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.00,0:02:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and get water and protein that is your starting material.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.00,0:02:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is an insight
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.00,0:02:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that came, about two decades ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.00,0:02:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from a person that I'm very fortunate to work with,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.00,0:02:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,David Kaplan.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.00,0:02:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so we get this starting material.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.00,0:02:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so this starting material is back to the basic building block.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.00,0:02:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then we use this to do a variety of things --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.00,0:02:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like, for example, this film.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.00,0:02:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we take advantage of something that is very simple.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.00,0:02:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The recipe to make those films
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.00,0:02:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to take advantage of the fact
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.00,0:02:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that proteins are extremely smart at what they do.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.00,0:02:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They find their way to self-assemble.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.00,0:02:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the recipe is simple: you take the silk solution, you pour it,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.00,0:02:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you wait for the protein to self-assemble.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.00,0:02:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then you detach the protein and you get this film,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.00,0:02:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the proteins find each other as the water evaporates.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.00,0:02:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I mentioned that the film is also technological.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.00,0:02:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so what does that mean?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.00,0:02:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It means that you can interface it
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.00,0:02:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with some of the things that are typical of technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.00,0:02:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like microelectronics and nanoscale technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.00,0:02:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the image of the DVD here
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.00,0:02:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is just to illustrate a point
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.00,0:03:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that silk follows very subtle topographies of the surface,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.00,0:03:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which means that it can replicate features on the nanoscale.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.00,0:03:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it would be able to replicate the information
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.00,0:03:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is on the DVD.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.00,0:03:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we can store information that's film with water and protein.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.00,0:03:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we tried something out, and we wrote a message in a piece of silk,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.00,0:03:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is right here, and the message is over there.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.00,0:03:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And much like in the DVD, you can read it out optically.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.00,0:03:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this requires a stable hand,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.00,0:03:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so this is why I decided to do it onstage in front of a thousand people.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.00,0:03:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let me see.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.00,0:03:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So as you see the film go in transparently through there,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.00,0:03:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then ...
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.00,0:03:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.00,0:03:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the most remarkable feat
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.00,0:03:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that my hand actually stayed still long enough to do that.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.00,0:03:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So once you have these attributes
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.00,0:03:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of this material,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.00,0:03:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then you can do a lot of things.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.00,0:03:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's actually not limited to films.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.00,0:04:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so the material can assume a lot of formats.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.00,0:04:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then you go a little crazy, and so you do various optical components
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.00,0:04:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or you do microprism arrays,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.00,0:04:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like the reflective tape that you have on your running shoes.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.00,0:04:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or you can do beautiful things
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.00,0:04:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that, if the camera can capture, you can make.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.00,0:04:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can add a third dimensionality to the film.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.00,0:04:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if the angle is right,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.00,0:04:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can actually see a hologram appear in this film of silk.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.00,0:04:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you can do other things.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.00,0:04:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can imagine that then maybe you can use a pure protein to guide light,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.00,0:04:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so we've made optical fibers.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.00,0:04:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But silk is versatile and it goes beyond optics.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.00,0:04:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you can think of different formats.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.00,0:04:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So for instance, if you're afraid of going to the doctor and getting stuck with a needle,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.00,0:04:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we do microneedle arrays.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.00,0:04:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What you see there on the screen is a human hair
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.00,0:04:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,superimposed on the needle that's made of silk --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.00,0:04:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just to give you a sense of size.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.00,0:04:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can do bigger things.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.00,0:04:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can do gears and nuts and bolts --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.00,0:04:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you can buy at Whole Foods.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.00,0:04:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the gears work in water as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.00,0:04:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you think of alternative mechanical parts.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.00,0:05:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And maybe you can use that liquid Kevlar if you need something strong
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.00,0:05:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to replace peripheral veins, for example,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.00,0:05:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or maybe an entire bone.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.00,0:05:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so you have here a little example
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.00,0:05:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a small skull --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.00,0:05:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what we call mini Yorick.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.00,0:05:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.00,0:05:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you can do things like cups, for example,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.00,0:05:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so, if you add a little bit of gold, if you add a little bit of semiconductors
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.00,0:05:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you could do sensors that stick on the surfaces of foods.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.00,0:05:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can do electronic pieces
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.00,0:05:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that fold and wrap.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.00,0:05:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or if you're fashion forward, some silk LED tattoos.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.00,0:05:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there's versatility, as you see,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.00,0:05:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the material formats,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.00,0:05:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you can do with silk.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.00,0:05:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there are still some unique traits.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.00,0:05:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, why would you want to do all these things for real?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.00,0:05:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mentioned it briefly at the beginning;
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.00,0:05:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the protein is biodegradable and biocompatible.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.00,0:05:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you see here a picture of a tissue section.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.00,0:05:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so what does that mean, that it's biodegradable and biocompatible?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.00,0:05:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can implant it in the body without needing to retrieve what is implanted.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.00,0:06:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which means that all the devices that you've seen before and all the formats,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.00,0:06:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in principle, can be implanted and disappear.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.00,0:06:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what you see there in that tissue section,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.00,0:06:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in fact, is you see that reflector tape.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.00,0:06:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, much like you're seen at night by a car,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.00,0:06:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then the idea is that you can see, if you illuminate tissue,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.00,0:06:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can see deeper parts of tissue
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.00,0:06:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because there is that reflective tape there that is made out of silk.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.00,0:06:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you see there, it gets reintegrated in tissue.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.00,0:06:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And reintegration in the human body
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.00,0:06:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is not the only thing,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.00,0:06:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but reintegration in the environment is important.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.00,0:06:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you have a clock, you have protein,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.00,0:06:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and now a silk cup like this
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.00,0:06:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can be thrown away without guilt --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.00,0:06:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.00,0:06:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unlike the polystyrene cups
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.00,0:06:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that unfortunately fill our landfills everyday.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.00,0:06:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's edible,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.00,0:06:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so you can do smart packaging around food
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.00,0:06:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you can cook with the food.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.00,0:06:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It doesn't taste good,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.00,0:06:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I'm going to need some help with that.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.00,0:07:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But probably the most remarkable thing is that it comes full circle.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.00,0:07:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Silk, during its self-assembly process,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.00,0:07:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,acts like a cocoon for biological matter.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.00,0:07:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so if you change the recipe,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.00,0:07:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you add things when you pour --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.00,0:07:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so you add things to your liquid silk solution --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.00,0:07:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where these things are enzymes
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.00,0:07:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or antibodies or vaccines,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.00,0:07:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the self-assembly process
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.00,0:07:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,preserves the biological function of these dopants.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.00,0:07:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it makes the materials environmentally active
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.00,0:07:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and interactive.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.00,0:07:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that screw that you thought about beforehand
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.00,0:07:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can actually be used
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.00,0:07:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to screw a bone together -- a fractured bone together --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.00,0:07:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and deliver drugs at the same,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.00,0:07:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while your bone is healing, for example.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.00,0:07:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or you could put drugs in your wallet and not in your fridge.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.00,0:07:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we've made a silk card
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.00,0:07:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with penicillin in it.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.00,0:07:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we stored penicillin at 60 degrees C,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.00,0:07:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so 140 degrees Fahrenheit,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.00,0:07:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for two months without loss of efficacy of the penicillin.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.00,0:07:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so that could be ---
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.00,0:07:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.00,0:08:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that could be potentially a good alternative
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.00,0:08:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to solar powered refrigerated camels. (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.00,0:08:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course, there's no use in storage if you can't use [it].
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.00,0:08:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so there is this other unique material trait
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.00,0:08:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that these materials have, that they're programmably degradable.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.00,0:08:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so what you see there is the difference.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.00,0:08:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the top, you have a film that has been programmed not to degrade,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.00,0:08:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in the bottom, a film that has been programmed to degrade in water.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.00,0:08:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what you see is that the film on the bottom
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.00,0:08:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,releases what is inside it.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.00,0:08:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it allows for the recovery of what we've stored before.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.00,0:08:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so this allows for a controlled delivery of drugs
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.00,0:08:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for reintegration in the environment
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.00,0:08:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in all of these formats that you've seen.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.00,0:08:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the thread of discovery that we have really is a thread.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.00,0:08:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're impassioned with this idea that whatever you want to do,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.00,0:08:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether you want to replace a vein or a bone,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.00,0:08:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or maybe be more sustainable in microelectronics,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.00,0:08:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,perhaps drink a coffee in a cup
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.00,0:08:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and throw it away without guilt,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.00,0:08:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe carry your drugs in your pocket,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.00,0:08:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,deliver them inside your body
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.00,0:08:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or deliver them across the desert,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.00,0:08:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the answer may be in a thread of silk.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.00,0:09:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.00,0:09:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)