[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.92,0:00:10.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's what has to happen for pregnancy\Nto occur after sexual intercourse.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.91,0:00:12.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sperm must swim up the vagina,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.68,0:00:14.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through the cervical opening,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.08,0:00:15.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,upwards through the uterus,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.57,0:00:18.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and into one of the two fallopian tubes.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.21,0:00:22.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If an egg, released during \Nthat month's ovulation, is in the tube,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.42,0:00:25.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one sperm has a chance to fertilize it.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.57,0:00:28.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Contraceptives are designed\Nto prevent this process,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.49,0:00:30.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they work in three basic ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.67,0:00:32.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They block the sperm,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.77,0:00:35.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,disable sperm \Nbefore they reach the uterus,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.63,0:00:38.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or suppress ovulation.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.94,0:00:41.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Block is the simplest.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.68,0:00:45.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Male and female condoms prevent\Nsperm from coming into contact
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.08,0:00:47.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the vaginal space.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.17,0:00:50.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That barrier is also why they,\Nunlike other contraceptive methods,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.87,0:00:55.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are able to prevent transmission\Nof certain sexually transmitted diseases.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.44,0:00:59.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Meanwhile, the diaphragm, \Ncervical cap, and sponge
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.53,0:01:04.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,work by being placed over the cervix,\Nbarricading the entrance to the uterus.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.63,0:01:08.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These contraceptives are sometimes\Ncalled barrier methods
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.06,0:01:09.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and can be used with spermicides,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.88,0:01:13.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an example of \Nthe second category, disable.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.07,0:01:17.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A spermicide is a chemical \Nthat immobilizes and destroys sperm.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.43,0:01:21.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today's spermicides come as foam,\Ncream, jelly, suppositories,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.97,0:01:26.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and even a thin piece of translucent film\Nthat dissolves in the vagina.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.46,0:01:30.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These products can be inserted directly\Ninto the vagina before intercourse,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.97,0:01:34.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or can be combined with block methods,\Nlike a diaphragm or condom,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.25,0:01:36.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for added proection.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.20,0:01:38.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The third category \Nfor preventing pregnancy
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.28,0:01:42.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,works by suppressing the action of an egg\Nmaturing in the ovary.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.77,0:01:45.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If there isn't an egg available \Nin the fallopian tube,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.92,0:01:48.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's nothing for sperm to fertilize.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.62,0:01:50.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hormonal contraceptives,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.10,0:01:53.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including the pill, the patch, \Nthe Depo shot, and the vaginal ring
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.98,0:02:00.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all release synthetic versions of various\Ncombinations of progesterone and estrogen.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.07,0:02:02.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This hormone cocktail \Nsuppresses ovulation,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.61,0:02:06.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,keeping the immature age \Nsafely sequestered in the ovary.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.23,0:02:10.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Synthetic progesterone also has a block\Ntrick up its sleeve.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.25,0:02:14.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It makes cervical mucus too thick and\Nsticky for sperm to swim through easily.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.64,0:02:18.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are other contraceptives that\Nuse multiple approaches at the same time.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.35,0:02:22.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, many IUDs,\Nor intrauterine devices,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.96,0:02:26.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,contain synthetic hormones \Nwhich suppress ovulation.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.16,0:02:28.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some also contain copper,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.33,0:02:32.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which disable sperm while also making\Negg implantation in the uterus difficult.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.97,0:02:35.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Block, disable, or suppress:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.28,0:02:37.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is one strategy better than the other?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.63,0:02:40.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are differences, but a lot of it\Nhas to do with how convenient
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.88,0:02:44.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and easy it is to use \Neach contraceptive correctly.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.21,0:02:48.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, male condoms would be\Nabout 98% effective
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.06,0:02:50.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if everyone used them perfectly.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.06,0:02:55.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That 98% means if 100 couples correctly\Nused condoms for a year,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.06,0:02:57.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,two women would get pregnant.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.48,0:03:02.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But not everyone uses them correctly,\Nso they're only 82% effective in practice.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.84,0:03:07.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Other methods, like the patch and pill,\Nare 99% effective
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.03,0:03:08.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they're used perfectly.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.58,0:03:11.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in practice, that's 91%.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.50,0:03:15.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Spermicide is only 85% effective,\Neven with perfect usage,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.57,0:03:19.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and just 71% effective with typical usage.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.10,0:03:23.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another important consideration in the\Nchoice of contraceptives are side effects,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.58,0:03:26.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which almost exclusively affect women\Nrather than men.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.76,0:03:30.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hormonal methods in particular\Ncan cause symptoms like headaches,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.53,0:03:31.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nausea,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.36,0:03:32.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and high blood pressure,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.97,0:03:35.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they vary from woman to woman.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.06,0:03:38.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's why these methods\Nrequire a prescription from a doctor.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.61,0:03:41.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The choice of contraceptive method\Nis a personal one,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.49,0:03:44.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what works best for you now\Nmay change later.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.72,0:03:47.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Scientists also continue to research\Nnew methods,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.48,0:03:51.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as a male pill that would\Nprevent sperm production.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.31,0:03:53.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the meantime, \Nthere are quite a few options
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.77,0:03:55.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to block sperm,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.12,0:03:56.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,disable them,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.14,0:03:59.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or suppress eggs\Nand keep them out of reach.