WEBVTT

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我喺 Twitter 嘅自我介紹係

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「我既多疑又樂觀」

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我相信科學，亦相信無限可能

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我所講嘅正係我今日會講嘅題目

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如果我哋身處一個真正公開透明嘅社會

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我哋嘅世界會點樣

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一個社會大致上清楚

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我哋每日都面對嘅方方面面
包括社會、政治、環境、經濟

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但係，新聞文化表明

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我哋可以更加知情

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嗨，我係 Coleen Christie

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我係一位新聞主播
如果你鍾意，可以叫我廣播記者

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我……我會猶疑咁講出呢個名
係因為我最近至知道

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原來新聞廣播係業員
喺最受鄙視職業排行榜上排第六

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（笑聲）
係呀

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我哋比稅務精算師高一名

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咁又係嘅

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因為大部分人都鍾意稅務精算師
多過廣播記者

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（笑聲）
真係。唔錯

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就好似當莎莉．菲爾德
發表奧斯卡獲獎致謝辭嗰陣

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佢心裏其實想講
你憎我、你恨我

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（笑聲）

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唔只係我一個人講
可以嘅話請畀我幾分鐘試試

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（笑聲）

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但我哋至少比律師做得好
佢哋排第三

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就係咁畀咗我希望

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（笑聲）

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我任職嘅溫哥華 CTV 
係加拿大最大電視台嘅附屬機構

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我嘅生涯從一個唔尋常嘅方式開始

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我一開始喺市場同推廣方面工作嘅經歷
令我對新聞有一個獨特嘅視野

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你睇，我已經明白到

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新聞係一種產品
佢需要推銷

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仲係一件好重要嘅產品

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我喺一個好注重新聞嘅家庭長大

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當我阿媽唔需要返工嗰陣

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佢就會將成份報紙刨曬

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佢知道曬裏面嘅
所有新聞、所有球員消息

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但佢嘅學歷只有八年級

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作為一家人
我哋會一齊睇晚間新聞報導

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我哋係專心咁睇

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我諗係因為我父母出身貧苦嘅緣故

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佢哋認為畀我哋了解事物
同教育我哋都係好重要

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晚飯傾計話題經常係
政治議題、時下城中熱話

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「遞鐵板汁過黎。
我唔信你係咁社會主義 !

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你要多啲薯仔嗎？」
之類嘅話題

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（笑聲）
係呀

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講番轉頭
我哋宜家嘅新聞選材比以前多

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呢個無容置疑

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以前無論我哋喺邊度搵到消息

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我哋都相信呢單消息係可信可靠嘅

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但係各位，一切都變曬，係唔係？

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喺依家嘅新聞新時代
資訊就係力量

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但我哋駕馭資訊嘅能力
面臨著前所未有嘅危機

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過去十年
我哋使用新聞嘅習慣

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有咗明顯嘅改變

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大部分原因係因為數碼媒體爆炸性增長

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爆炸性增長促使更多競爭

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衝擊我哋喺報章同電視行業嘅領導地位

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又改變我哋所謂嘅新聞價值

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最近有個調查

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你或者會覺得有趣

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就係接近九成嘅北美洲人
話佢哋好想收到每日嘅新聞

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但留意

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接近五成嘅人話佢哋唔信報導

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信唔信係一個問題

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而我認為部分原因係
因為我哋覺得新聞有偏頗

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當然，當出現極端嘅新聞機構
例如右翼嘅福斯廣播公司

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同左翼嘅微軟國家廣播公司
偏頗嘅報導就會出現

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但身為從業員

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我認為話所有傳媒都有偏頗
就將問題睇得太簡單

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事實上，我今日會話畀你聽

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問題嘅根本唔係傳媒有偏頗

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你先係今日新聞嘅問題所在

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其實我唔係問緊
你可以信邊單報導

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而係，你信唔信自己
可以明辨是非？

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新聞就係對事實嘅報導

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每日，記者透過報導發放資訊

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但係我哋嚟睇清楚

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有兩種新聞來源

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一種係主流可信嘅新聞材料
其餘嘅就係另一種

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仲有根據你對材料嘅相信程度

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嗰條分辨是否可信嘅界綫
對你嚟講似乎好模糊

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當然有例外
例外成日都出現

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可信新聞嘅最簡單定義係︰

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經過嚴格步驟
確定資料正確同平衡各方立場後

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所得出嘅資訊

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多數人每日接收新聞

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聽咗之後就忘記咗
甚至從來都冇思考過

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我認為明白呢個過程好重要

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例如，喺電視裏面
新聞資訊黎自唔同地方

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我哋項目編輯嘅職責
就係整合呢啲資訊

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列出可能會報導嘅項目

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宜家，下一步可能會令你感到驚訝

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我哋真係會辨論、討論每個新聞素材

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而我哋就係一班具備經驗同訓綀

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有知識、唔同性格嘅人

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但其實，新聞工作室裏面
想參與嘅任何人

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都可以一齊去衡量每篇新聞嘅價值

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呢啲係唔係我哋觀眾想要、想睇嘅？

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下一步，我哋分配新聞畀報導員
佢哋準備就緒

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然後外出採訪、整合資料

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寫好新聞嘅內容

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的確，有啲新聞比較複雜
但一般黎講

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如果到最後

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一篇新聞冇足夠新聞價值

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或者未通過評估
佢就唔能夠出街

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呢個就係全世界新聞工作室嘅運作

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呢個程序好多時都有效

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但你知道
唯一我哋未能避開嘅

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就係偏頗睇法

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我哋極力避免呢樣嘢

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但畢竟我哋唔能夠喺我哋嘅報導裏邊
避免偏頗嘅睇法

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舉個例子

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當我哋報導一個競選計劃嘅時候
我哋因為某啲原因而受到指責

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因為同時支持現任
同支持挑戰現任者嘅人

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我哋俾人話

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（笑聲）
每次都係，每次都係咁

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當然，我哋唔會偏幫任何一方

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你睇，主流媒體冇政治取態

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你可能會話「吓？」

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但的確係千真萬確

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主流媒體冇政治取態

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雖然我哋有右翼保守媒體

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但係同時，有左翼媒體平衡返

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但我講嘅係主流傳媒

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對於我哋嗰啲行中間路線嘅人嚟講

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政黨陰謀論

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絕對係無稽之談

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除咗嗰次月球登陸
嗰個係大話，從來都冇發生過

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（笑聲）
從來都冇發生

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當然，利用敘述式新聞

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去推廣某種思識形態、政治立場嘅機構

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情況當然唔同

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甚至宜家呢啲組織更難被察覺

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尤其當網絡上嘅新聞資訊愈嚟愈多

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呢啲冇經過記者檢查同平衡嘅資訊

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會誤導人錯信

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被認為係偏見嘅錯誤係有可能出現嘅

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但我認為呢啲機構唔係
你想像中咁別有用心

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當呢種錯出現嗰陣

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多數可靠嘅傳媒都會
恪守佢哋自己嘅原則

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喺超過一百年嘅歷史當中
新聞媒體一直都喺度改正錯誤

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無論我哋滿唔滿意

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呢種改正工作的確係存在嘅

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所以操守係職業嘅一大部分

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但對嚟講，呢個唔係工作最難嘅地方

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宜家，你可能唔知道
當我喺早上返工

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我唔需要擔心感染傳染病

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俾人開槍射、綁架、虐待
強暴、處決

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好似我一啲同事一樣

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我只需要同身處現場嘅佢哋通話就可以
而佢哋就要冒險

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（掌聲）

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係嘅，係通話，係通話

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唔，我呢份工作實在好好

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雖然辦公室嘅一日辛勞會令我頭髮變差

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（笑聲）

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咁對我嚟講并唔艱難
但對你哋就係，因為你要睇新聞

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見到嗎？

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宜家，我工作最難嘅地方就係收聲

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我唔係講緊晏晝嘅會議

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當然喺會議度同事都想我收聲

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我喺講喺我報導新聞嗰時

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我唔可以對充滿分歧嘅事
加入個人意見

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我只係唔可以做

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我唔會冒險去做

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身為傳訊者
我嘅職責係令你明白報導內容

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但我冇責任去話你知點樣思考

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我唔可以去冒險
我哋都唔可以冒險

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你所睇到嘅真相係

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主流傳媒唔能夠承受採取立場嘅後果

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我會用「承受」呢個詞語

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偏頗對於商業經營嚟講係壞嘅

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等我話你聽現金喺呢度嘅作用

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我依家只會講現金

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我哋民主社會需要獨立嘅新聞

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令我哋可以一直知情同自在

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而新聞同新聞行業需要客戶去維持經營

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對於電視行業，觀眾就係顧客

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觀眾愈多，收視愈高

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收視愈高，廣告收益愈高

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廣告收益令開支預算可以維持落去

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開支預算則支付記者嘅薪酬
令佢哋收集令我哋自在嘅新聞

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呢個就係成個運作機制

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如果我哋有意偏頗嘅話

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好可能會引起廣大觀眾嘅對抗

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咁就唔好嘞

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偏頗喺新聞界唔係好嘢

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最近一啲調查發現

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我哋一啲消費習慣嘅有趣數據

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我必須強調我哋大部分人
仍然由電視獲取新聞

00:12:21.439 --> 00:12:23.791
但我哋接收新聞嘅形式愈黎愈多樣化

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大部分北美洲人宜家
喺多個平台獲取新聞

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仍然，我哋接近九成仍然

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由單一新聞機構接收新聞

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所以等我話你知成件事係點樣

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你喺屋企度
電視播住 CNN 頻道

00:12:47.434 --> 00:12:51.102
你用平板電腦上 CNN 網站

00:12:51.206 --> 00:12:55.440
又用手機喺 Twitter 
跟進 CNN 嘅突發新聞

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你冇社交生活

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（笑聲）

00:12:59.743 --> 00:13:01.302
近視？

00:13:02.152 --> 00:13:03.083
係嘅，有可能

00:13:03.083 --> 00:13:05.577
除非你有樣嘢畀 Wolf Blitzer
嗱，唔好講咩呀

00:13:05.948 --> 00:13:07.427
（笑聲）

00:13:07.559 --> 00:13:09.505
諷刺嘅係

00:13:10.006 --> 00:13:11.824
今年一個調查顯示

00:13:12.497 --> 00:13:18.110
北美洲人話佢哋感覺比以前更加知情

00:13:19.038 --> 00:13:24.149
當我哋感到更多知情嘅時候
我哋好像係接收更加多嘅新聞

00:13:24.149 --> 00:13:26.447
但我哋往往獲得嘅都只係同一單新聞

00:13:26.447 --> 00:13:28.723
新聞資訊以愈嚟愈快嘅速度
嚟到我哋面前

00:13:28.723 --> 00:13:30.337
我哋喺統計上知道

00:13:30.337 --> 00:13:33.926
我哋專注時間正變得愈黎愈短

00:13:33.926 --> 00:13:38.844
呢個正改變我哋對新聞類型嘅口味

00:13:39.986 --> 00:13:43.965
集中專注力係前所未有嘅難

00:13:43.965 --> 00:13:48.802
電視上每則新聞嘅平均長度
少於兩分鐘

00:13:48.802 --> 00:13:52.995
有時短到 20 秒

00:13:53.302 --> 00:13:54.628
大家可以諗下

00:13:56.101 --> 00:13:56.815
嘩

00:13:58.168 --> 00:14:01.031
沉悶令你嘅睇法傾側

00:14:01.520 --> 00:14:05.968
如果我哋唔能令你參與其中
你就會離開

00:14:06.649 --> 00:14:08.283
我哋並唔想你離開

00:14:08.770 --> 00:14:13.570
喺電視上，我哋洗成日搜集
你可以信賴、有質量嘅資訊

00:14:13.570 --> 00:14:15.901
雖然你哋之中有五成唔相信

00:14:15.901 --> 00:14:16.878
（笑聲）

00:14:16.878 --> 00:14:22.233
你嘅「資訊晚餐」上枱喇
我哋仲同你加咗「甜品」

00:14:22.233 --> 00:14:24.686
真嘅，真嘅。至於流行影片

00:14:24.686 --> 00:14:26.963
你知道，只要係古怪嘅
逗笑嘅、有趣嘅影片

00:14:26.963 --> 00:14:29.195
都會喺大部分嘅新聞報導裏面播

00:14:29.195 --> 00:14:33.774
仲要喺收視率最高時段播出

00:14:34.494 --> 00:14:38.247
真嘅，真嘅，係呀

00:14:39.307 --> 00:14:44.362
小心，我哋知道
要令新聞睇起黎唔重要

00:14:44.362 --> 00:14:47.226
我哋好小心唔去咁做

00:14:47.226 --> 00:14:51.181
但我哋同喬恩 ‧ 史都華競爭緊

00:14:51.181 --> 00:14:52.004
（笑聲）

00:14:52.004 --> 00:14:57.161
我哋開足馬力工作
令你哋可以一直享受娛樂同收到資訊

00:14:57.161 --> 00:14:59.548
於是你會依住部電視

00:15:00.198 --> 00:15:03.561
但你可能問︰「喂，電子新聞
喺我需要嗰陣畀到我想要嘅嘢」

00:15:03.561 --> 00:15:06.408
呢個絕對正確，但同樣恐怖

00:15:06.408 --> 00:15:10.597
你上網嘅習慣會被翻睇、跟進、塑造

00:15:10.597 --> 00:15:11.941
你嘅每次點擊

00:15:11.941 --> 00:15:17.838
都會留低紀錄
於是你就俾人推介更多相關嘅新聞

00:15:18.858 --> 00:15:24.627
所以社交媒體就造成咗你嘅偏見

00:15:24.627 --> 00:15:26.878
自從 2009 年

00:15:26.878 --> 00:15:32.629
社交媒體新聞頁面嘅瀏覽量
上升咗 60%

00:15:33.260 --> 00:15:37.396
最近北美洲有七成受訪者

00:15:37.396 --> 00:15:41.782
話佢哋將社交媒體當成一種新聞來源

00:15:41.928 --> 00:15:46.891
我唔係要講社交媒體嘅壞話
我都好鍾意佢嘅

00:15:47.227 --> 00:15:51.148
Twitter 對於交流、發佈突發新聞黎講

00:15:51.148 --> 00:15:53.534
係好好嘅工具

00:15:53.534 --> 00:15:57.097
但如果你用社交媒體
作為你基本嘅新聞來源

00:15:57.857 --> 00:16:00.292
咁你就要小心喇
因為試諗下

00:16:00.292 --> 00:16:04.533
你嘅鄰居或者同事

00:16:04.533 --> 00:16:07.652
佢鍾意貓嘅影片
又係你嘅新聞統籌主任

00:16:07.652 --> 00:16:08.749
（笑聲）

00:16:08.749 --> 00:16:09.786
你知嗎？

00:16:09.786 --> 00:16:11.836
你 Facebook 上面嘅編輯團隊

00:16:11.836 --> 00:16:15.071
水平同你 Facebook 嘅朋友一樣

00:16:16.020 --> 00:16:17.143
真嘅

00:16:17.380 --> 00:16:23.299
仲有 Twitter
係冇新聞統籌主任，真係冇

00:16:23.489 --> 00:16:28.096
# 競爭 # 情感
# 金．卡達夏

00:16:28.096 --> 00:16:29.229
（笑聲）

00:16:29.229 --> 00:16:30.917
我剩係講 Kim Kardashian

00:16:30.917 --> 00:16:33.370
因為我希望當某個人
喺網上搜索佢嘅名字時

00:16:33.370 --> 00:16:34.964
呢場演講會顯示出嚟

00:16:34.964 --> 00:16:36.148
（笑聲 )

00:16:36.148 --> 00:16:37.818
# 唔知醜

00:16:37.908 --> 00:16:41.485
你係你自己世界裏面嘅新聞裁縫師

00:16:41.485 --> 00:16:47.665
我哋喺統計上知道你鍾意
喺同你諗法差唔多嘅人嗰度獲取新聞

00:16:47.689 --> 00:16:48.980
呢個係事實

00:16:49.288 --> 00:16:53.963
除此之外，想喺網絡上面非常知情嘅話

00:16:53.963 --> 00:17:00.430
你就要畀啲功夫

00:17:00.770 --> 00:17:04.695
你只會㩒吸引你嘅嘢，係嗎？

00:17:05.501 --> 00:17:08.363
諗一諗，情況就好像去食自助餐

00:17:08.865 --> 00:17:11.318
你唔會獲分兩份沙律一樣

00:17:11.318 --> 00:17:13.152
( 笑聲）

00:17:13.152 --> 00:17:17.240
但你知，你睇到啲甜品喺嗰度
佢哋睇起身好好食

00:17:17.297 --> 00:17:18.663
冇人睇住

00:17:18.851 --> 00:17:20.738
攞兩份。咩呀？

00:17:20.760 --> 00:17:22.482
我哋都係人

00:17:22.839 --> 00:17:25.303
我哋都鍾意薄批

00:17:25.355 --> 00:17:30.070
我哋嘅個人喜好滿足我哋嘅偏向

00:17:30.095 --> 00:17:34.521
我哋對新聞內容嘅選擇
足以證明呢個道理

00:17:35.454 --> 00:17:40.528
通過定義同設計，數碼媒體
提供咗我哋喜好之外更多嘅嘢

00:17:40.528 --> 00:17:45.564
你想要嘅話
就可以建立一個自己嘅資訊播放列表

00:17:46.511 --> 00:17:51.102
佢就好似——我唔知係唔係
新聞裏邊嘅音樂串流程式

00:17:51.639 --> 00:17:55.273
呢個系統畀到你需求以外更多嘅嘢

00:17:55.273 --> 00:18:00.304
佢係唔錯，但你係點樣接觸到新事物？

00:18:00.529 --> 00:18:03.939
你係點用另一個角度睇嘢嘅？

00:18:04.214 --> 00:18:05.990
如果你仍然收聽 80 年代嘅頻道 8

00:18:05.990 --> 00:18:08.288
你又點會聽到新音樂？

00:18:08.288 --> 00:18:09.684
係嗎（笑聲）

00:18:09.684 --> 00:18:12.695
唔理我哋有冇認清

00:18:12.696 --> 00:18:18.606
我哋潛意識嘅傾向
都喺度控制我哋使用新聞嘅習慣

00:18:18.779 --> 00:18:22.586
咁令我哋比以前知情得更少

00:18:23.999 --> 00:18:27.836
你知嗎？我哋知道有咩發生咗

00:18:28.789 --> 00:18:32.628
當我哋對傳媒嘅信任跌至新低

00:18:33.036 --> 00:18:34.493
就代表咗我哋

00:18:34.493 --> 00:18:40.897
尋找新同更廣新聞來源嘅意欲消失咗

00:18:41.348 --> 00:18:43.883
同時我哋嘅偏見變得更為嚴重

00:18:44.925 --> 00:18:46.288
我哋每日都睇到咁樣嘅嘢︰

00:18:46.288 --> 00:18:50.710
當一方嘅陣營喺一邊
另一方陣營喺另一邊嘅時候

00:18:51.221 --> 00:18:53.261
兩派人都唔聽對方講嘢

00:18:53.261 --> 00:18:56.515
佢哋唔想聽，因為缺乏信任

00:18:56.515 --> 00:19:00.048
一切都緣於自我、害怕

00:19:00.048 --> 00:19:04.338
拒絕對方，最後冇進展

00:19:05.468 --> 00:19:09.747
我哋表現得好似細路咁
如果係嘅話，我哋就會受罰

00:19:09.747 --> 00:19:13.940
但係，喺呢件事上
採取呢種態度嘅人

00:19:13.940 --> 00:19:15.979
會收睇佢哋自己嘅電視節目

00:19:15.979 --> 00:19:19.102
又或者，佢哋收集嘅節目

00:19:21.090 --> 00:19:25.389
畫家同社會分子魯本 ‧ 布雷德斯
寫過一句好有說服力嘅話︰

00:19:25.389 --> 00:19:28.665
「我哋怕睇到社會最知情嘅狀態


00:19:28.665 --> 00:19:31.808
墮落到人人漠唔關心嘅地步」

00:19:31.808 --> 00:19:33.799
（掌聲）

00:19:33.799 --> 00:19:38.289
所以當我哋個人傾向
令我哋困喺一個惡性循環裏邊

00:19:38.289 --> 00:19:41.618
不斷畀我哋同類資訊嘅時候

00:19:41.618 --> 00:19:46.053
我哋點可以實現一個真正知情嘅社會？

00:19:47.001 --> 00:19:51.416
例如，當我哋喺平常習慣以外

00:19:51.416 --> 00:19:56.764
揀第二或第三個新聞來源嘅時候

00:19:56.764 --> 00:20:00.884
有咩會發生？

00:20:02.575 --> 00:20:06.558
新聞更多元化可以令我哋知情更多

00:20:06.558 --> 00:20:08.897
肯定令我哋喺婚禮、Mitzvahs 酒吧

00:20:08.897 --> 00:20:12.435
同 TED 會議上表現更聰明

00:20:12.435 --> 00:20:14.223
（笑聲）

00:20:14.393 --> 00:20:17.321
但表現聰明唔係目標

00:20:17.843 --> 00:20:20.084
同我哋所講嘅無關

00:20:21.561 --> 00:20:23.273
我哋係講緊自由

00:20:24.903 --> 00:20:29.623
新聞傳媒係我哋自由嘅守衛

00:20:30.649 --> 00:20:34.559
政府向我哋問責
我哋就向你問責

00:20:36.086 --> 00:20:38.411
你可以自由選擇任何你鍾意嘅新聞來源

00:20:38.411 --> 00:20:41.595
但如果你都選擇類似嘅，仲係自由咩？

00:20:41.595 --> 00:20:47.021
選擇嗰啲可以加強你諗法嘅新聞
會令你感覺良好

00:20:47.433 --> 00:20:49.695
但呢個其實係一種安全感嘅錯覺

00:20:49.695 --> 00:20:53.882
仲唔會令你更深入認識事物

00:20:54.990 --> 00:20:57.951
呢種安全感肯定唔會挑戰我哋
去挑戰我哋自己嘅觀念

00:20:57.951 --> 00:21:01.043
所以我哋點先知道
我哋所睇嘅新聞足夠多元化？

00:21:01.045 --> 00:21:05.359
如果你對所睇嘅一切感到滿意

00:21:05.359 --> 00:21:07.524
你可能要加入一啲唔同嘅新聞來源

00:21:07.524 --> 00:21:11.199
你知嗎？
新聞傳媒亦需要咁樣做

00:21:11.199 --> 00:21:15.485
我哋需要令新聞睇起嚟更切合個人
尤其是我負責嘅嗰個新聞組別

00:21:16.926 --> 00:21:18.674
我哋需要令人明白

00:21:18.674 --> 00:21:21.626
點解一個新聞故事係重要嘅
一單新聞點影響到佢哋

00:21:21.893 --> 00:21:24.657
任何人都可以獲得真相

00:21:25.084 --> 00:21:27.597
而我哋就需要提供內容

00:21:27.767 --> 00:21:32.571
當一個人點擊更加誘人嘅內容時

00:21:32.571 --> 00:21:37.423
西方古語「吃佢吧，佢對你有益」
就唔啱用喇

00:21:37.782 --> 00:21:42.303
如果冇咗你啲，我哋就輸咗喇

00:21:42.303 --> 00:21:45.935
結果係大家一齊輸

00:21:49.593 --> 00:21:55.391
著名廣播記者 Charlie Rose 講得好：

00:21:56.322 --> 00:22:00.933
「就算我哋唔同意其他人，
我哋亦會向佢哋學習，

00:22:00.933 --> 00:22:04.240
尤其是當我哋意見唔同嗰時」

00:22:05.208 --> 00:22:07.574
我哋愈係講求

00:22:07.574 --> 00:22:10.952
忍耐、多元、理解嘅真諦

00:22:10.952 --> 00:22:14.594
我哋愈係能夠放低嗰啲

00:22:14.594 --> 00:22:18.465
令到世界紛亂嘅仇恨同極端

00:22:18.659 --> 00:22:22.939
所以我懇請你啲放低成見

00:22:22.939 --> 00:22:27.385
畀你自己可以接收更廣泛嘅新聞

00:22:27.385 --> 00:22:33.547
或者可能，只係可能
我哋可以締造一個知情嘅社會

00:22:33.547 --> 00:22:40.079
一個真正知情嘅社會
然後邁進一個快樂嘅新時代

00:22:40.370 --> 00:22:41.387
多謝

00:22:41.649 --> 00:22:44.568
（掌聲）