1
00:00:00,960 --> 00:00:06,100
如今，你似乎没法推出一款3A动作游戏

2
00:00:06,100 --> 00:00:09,670
却不带上一棵“技能树”

3
00:00:09,670 --> 00:00:14,120
你在“古墓丽影”或“看门狗”中肯定已见识过

4
00:00:14,120 --> 00:00:16,550
它们通常有三条分支

5
00:00:16,550 --> 00:00:19,940
标着“革新者”或“猎人”这类有趣名字

6
00:00:19,940 --> 00:00:23,500
在这些游戏中，你通过完成任务获得经验值

7
00:00:23,500 --> 00:00:26,570
当经验值达到特定门槛

8
00:00:26,570 --> 00:00:27,820
就获得技能点

9
00:00:27,820 --> 00:00:31,570
技能点可用于解锁新能力

10
00:00:31,570 --> 00:00:33,800
比如一种有趣的全新操作

11
00:00:33,800 --> 00:00:37,600
或没那么有趣的额外血量

12
00:00:37,600 --> 00:00:42,620
技能树首先出现于重视数值的RPG，如《暗黑破坏神2》

13
00:00:42,620 --> 00:00:45,800
后来却成为3A动作游戏标配

14
00:00:45,800 --> 00:00:48,320
从《漫威蜘蛛侠》到《毁灭战士4》

15
00:00:48,320 --> 00:00:51,800
它成了现代主机游戏的常客

16
00:00:51,800 --> 00:00:55,420
就像“育碧塔”和微交易一样

17
00:00:55,420 --> 00:00:59,420
虽然我觉得这些设计老套又烦人

18
00:00:59,420 --> 00:01:01,420
但完全理解技能树为何有用

19
00:01:01,420 --> 00:01:03,900
它如何让某些游戏受益

20
00:01:03,900 --> 00:01:08,670
比如，它可以循序渐进地展示游戏复杂性

21
00:01:08,670 --> 00:01:11,870
如果《战神》一上来就开放奎爷所有技能

22
00:01:11,870 --> 00:01:13,430
你可能会不知所措

23
00:01:13,430 --> 00:01:15,700
有些玩家会满足简单玩法

24
00:01:15,700 --> 00:01:19,150
不再探索战斗系统的精妙

25
00:01:19,150 --> 00:01:21,900
但当你从技能树获得新能力

26
00:01:21,900 --> 00:01:26,770
你的招式会随着游戏进行变得丰富

27
00:01:26,770 --> 00:01:29,550
由于解锁技能是有开销的

28
00:01:29,550 --> 00:01:32,850
所以你对新技能跃跃欲试

29
00:01:32,850 --> 00:01:39,150
技能树还很好地让玩家在游戏中感受自我成长

30
00:01:39,150 --> 00:01:43,070
冒险之初你力量弱小，只有薄技在身

31
00:01:43,070 --> 00:01:47,050
但最后你大杀四方，无所不能

32
00:01:47,050 --> 00:01:49,870
技能树还吸引玩家玩下去

33
00:01:49,870 --> 00:01:54,250
玩家通过遍历技能树，提前了解未来的能力

34
00:01:54,250 --> 00:01:56,850
他们冲着目标一路坚持

35
00:01:56,850 --> 00:02:00,950
期待着用上新技能的一刻

36
00:02:00,950 --> 00:02:04,500
技能树还能在根本上增加游戏多样性

37
00:02:04,500 --> 00:02:07,220
它们让玩家每次有不同体验

38
00:02:07,220 --> 00:02:09,750
也让UI团队有事可做

39
00:02:09,750 --> 00:02:11,810
总得有人来画图标吧

40
00:02:12,400 --> 00:02:13,920
尽管有这些好处

41
00:02:13,920 --> 00:02:16,250
大部分游戏都糟蹋了技能树

42
00:02:16,250 --> 00:02:20,570
在分支设计上犯了许多错误

43
00:02:20,570 --> 00:02:22,400
所以本期节目

44
00:02:22,400 --> 00:02:25,800
我们来聊聊技能树设计的一些常见问题

45
00:02:25,800 --> 00:02:28,470
以及可能的解决之道

46
00:02:29,320 --> 00:02:32,120
首先，许多有技能树的游戏

47
00:02:32,120 --> 00:02:37,370
允许玩家在游戏结束前，只通过正常流程

48
00:02:37,370 --> 00:02:39,400
就解锁几乎全部技能

49
00:02:39,400 --> 00:02:44,270
这白白浪费了一个让玩家权衡抉择的机会

50
00:02:44,270 --> 00:02:47,100
玩家只需考虑技能解锁顺序

51
00:02:47,100 --> 00:02:51,120
而无需思考如何选择性升级

52
00:02:51,120 --> 00:02:54,600
我个人很喜欢《刺客信条：起源》的技能树

53
00:02:54,600 --> 00:02:58,810
因为游戏结束时，我肯定无法技能全开

54
00:02:58,810 --> 00:03:01,120
相反，我得有所专精

55
00:03:01,120 --> 00:03:04,100
我专注于“猎人”和“先知”分支

56
00:03:04,100 --> 00:03:06,750
努力提升我的暗杀技能

57
00:03:06,750 --> 00:03:12,300
通过欺骗AI和制造混乱让我有各种办法攻破营地

58
00:03:12,300 --> 00:03:14,220
这种体验很酷

59
00:03:14,220 --> 00:03:18,170
比如主角巴耶克让我很有代入感

60
00:03:18,170 --> 00:03:21,420
因为他的技能很符合我的玩法

61
00:03:21,420 --> 00:03:24,470
但我的抉择也产生了有趣代价

62
00:03:24,470 --> 00:03:26,620
因为忽视“战士”分支

63
00:03:26,620 --> 00:03:29,350
我在近战中表现很差

64
00:03:29,350 --> 00:03:32,130
我不得不常常避开正面战

65
00:03:32,130 --> 00:03:34,970
另辟蹊径解决麻烦

66
00:03:34,970 --> 00:03:39,800
沉浸模拟游戏也充分展现了技能取舍的效果

67
00:03:39,800 --> 00:03:41,250
《杀出重围》中

68
00:03:41,250 --> 00:03:45,850
某些路径选项会根据你的升级选择而关闭

69
00:03:45,850 --> 00:03:49,330
迫使你寻找更适合角色的路线

70
00:03:49,330 --> 00:03:50,420
《掠食》中

71
00:03:50,420 --> 00:03:53,700
解锁越多异能，你就越像外星人

72
00:03:53,700 --> 00:03:58,570
最终会被友方炮台视为威胁并遭到攻击

73
00:03:59,320 --> 00:04:01,050
技能树的另一毛病

74
00:04:01,050 --> 00:04:05,150
就是技能设计非常乏味

75
00:04:05,150 --> 00:04:08,620
让攻击多一点伤害，或

76
00:04:08,620 --> 00:04:11,650
给你些额外血量，这些都..

77
00:04:11,650 --> 00:04:13,600
让人提不起劲

78
00:04:13,600 --> 00:04:18,020
所以，《耻辱》的超能力和《战神》的符文攻击

79
00:04:18,020 --> 00:04:23,920
比在游戏的数值表上做些加减要有趣得多

80
00:04:23,920 --> 00:04:26,320
别忘了“银河战士”的经典手法

81
00:04:26,320 --> 00:04:29,150
一种能力，多种用途

82
00:04:29,150 --> 00:04:30,450
比如冰冻枪

83
00:04:30,450 --> 00:04:33,810
既是武器，又能用于探索

84
00:04:33,810 --> 00:04:38,120
说到底，优秀的技能设计才让人渴望解锁

85
00:04:38,120 --> 00:04:41,700
并迫不及待地上手尝鲜

86
00:04:41,700 --> 00:04:43,550
玩《刺客信条：起源》时

87
00:04:43,550 --> 00:04:46,230
我会沉迷于一种循环

88
00:04:46,230 --> 00:04:48,220
解锁新技能

89
00:04:48,220 --> 00:04:51,240
兴奋地在新任务中试验

90
00:04:51,240 --> 00:04:54,520
攒够经验去解锁另一项技能..

91
00:04:54,520 --> 00:04:55,650
乐此不疲

92
00:04:56,320 --> 00:04:57,420
也就是说

93
00:04:57,420 --> 00:05:02,700
技能树通常不应包含玩家本该具备的能力

94
00:05:02,700 --> 00:05:04,870
玩《地平线：零之曙光》时

95
00:05:04,870 --> 00:05:09,820
我很恼火不能像其它同类游戏那样吊在崖边杀敌

96
00:05:09,820 --> 00:05:13,450
后来才发现这是一项升级技能

97
00:05:13,450 --> 00:05:15,400
《镜之边缘：催化剂》也一样

98
00:05:15,400 --> 00:05:18,950
升级菜单锁定了费丝的跃过动作

99
00:05:18,950 --> 00:05:22,750
但这在首作中却是初始技能

100
00:05:22,750 --> 00:05:27,770
噢，也不要用一些蹩脚技能来充数

101
00:05:27,770 --> 00:05:31,800
某些设计师显然认为技能树越大越好

102
00:05:31,800 --> 00:05:36,900
瞧瞧《流放之路》及《盐和避难所》恐怖的技能森林

103
00:05:36,900 --> 00:05:38,000
但我觉得

104
00:05:38,000 --> 00:05:42,470
精心裁剪、紧凑有趣的技能树

105
00:05:42,470 --> 00:05:44,420
通常才是最好的

106
00:05:45,600 --> 00:05:51,070
技能树的另一大问题在于玩家如何获取技能点

107
00:05:51,070 --> 00:05:54,420
大部分游戏按主线流程分布技能点

108
00:05:54,420 --> 00:05:56,920
这样太浪费了

109
00:05:56,920 --> 00:05:59,650
看看《掠食》里的神经调整仪

110
00:05:59,650 --> 00:06:01,470
（即游戏的技能点）

111
00:06:01,470 --> 00:06:03,920
它是环境物品

112
00:06:03,920 --> 00:06:06,670
这意味着你得四处寻找

113
00:06:06,670 --> 00:06:10,100
要么翻遍空间站每个角落

114
00:06:10,100 --> 00:06:11,920
要么完成支线任务

115
00:06:11,920 --> 00:06:17,620
如何分布技能点也让设计师能鼓励某种玩法倾向

116
00:06:17,620 --> 00:06:20,300
或推动玩家探索可选内容

117
00:06:20,300 --> 00:06:22,100
在《旷野之息》里

118
00:06:22,100 --> 00:06:25,920
试练通过证可用于兑换血量和耐力

119
00:06:25,920 --> 00:06:28,420
打通神庙后才能获取

120
00:06:28,420 --> 00:06:33,430
这让整个海拉鲁变成一棵巨大的技能树

121
00:06:33,430 --> 00:06:37,370
这也让玩家能主动提升角色

122
00:06:37,370 --> 00:06:40,470
而非等着随机的数值成长

123
00:06:40,470 --> 00:06:43,550
这让我想起《孤岛惊魂3》的制作系统

124
00:06:43,550 --> 00:06:46,800
游戏中，我想要个更好的手枪皮套

125
00:06:46,800 --> 00:06:51,250
游戏告诉我要先收集某种动物的皮

126
00:06:51,250 --> 00:06:53,050
于是我暂停主线任务

127
00:06:53,050 --> 00:06:55,620
在地图上找到动物繁殖地

128
00:06:55,620 --> 00:06:59,400
然后打猎，直到收齐材料

129
00:06:59,400 --> 00:07:02,870
我想升级装备，所以得搞清方法

130
00:07:02,870 --> 00:07:05,510
采取行动，实现目标

131
00:07:05,510 --> 00:07:08,350
如果要学…“冲刺滑行”呢？

132
00:07:08,350 --> 00:07:13,060
好吧，我又探索了一下，直到凑齐技能点

133
00:07:13,470 --> 00:07:18,800
你瞧，玩家当然会想着去打通游戏主线

134
00:07:18,800 --> 00:07:21,410
毕竟这是买游戏的初衷

135
00:07:21,410 --> 00:07:25,550
所以要用技能点鼓励主线之外的玩法

136
00:07:25,550 --> 00:07:28,220
比如挑战更高技巧、更高难度

137
00:07:28,220 --> 00:07:30,500
或探索更多内容

138
00:07:30,500 --> 00:07:34,550
但要注意你鼓励的玩法是否恰当

139
00:07:34,550 --> 00:07:38,770
比如《上古卷轴5》，通过特定行为获得技能点的设计

140
00:07:38,770 --> 00:07:42,320
会诱使玩家制造一堆匕首

141
00:07:42,320 --> 00:07:44,450
只为提升锻造技能

142
00:07:44,450 --> 00:07:50,250
你可不想鼓励刷刷刷，或与核心体验相背的玩法

143
00:07:51,100 --> 00:07:55,950
最后一个问题，就是乏味的技能树界面

144
00:07:55,950 --> 00:07:57,950
它们破坏了沉浸感

145
00:07:57,950 --> 00:08:01,870
你打开菜单，看着就像买旅游保险什么的

146
00:08:01,870 --> 00:08:05,370
这对“巫师”那样的庞大冒险而言没什么

147
00:08:05,370 --> 00:08:10,470
但它会大大破坏快节奏体验，比如《毁灭战士4》

148
00:08:10,470 --> 00:08:11,920
所以界面要明快

149
00:08:11,920 --> 00:08:12,920
比如《坠落深井》

150
00:08:12,920 --> 00:08:16,270
每关之间呈现3种升级选项

151
00:08:16,270 --> 00:08:18,220
你任选其一，继续

152
00:08:18,220 --> 00:08:20,050
要么做成自动化

153
00:08:20,050 --> 00:08:23,670
《荒野大镖客：救赎2》里亚瑟和马匹都有技能树

154
00:08:23,670 --> 00:08:24,720
而这些升级

155
00:08:24,720 --> 00:08:28,050
比如耐力和马匹默契度

156
00:08:28,050 --> 00:08:30,450
会自然增长

157
00:08:30,450 --> 00:08:34,250
不过，《毁灭战士4》真需要技能树吗？

158
00:08:34,250 --> 00:08:36,700
那是另一个问题了

159
00:08:37,500 --> 00:08:39,150
关于技能树

160
00:08:39,150 --> 00:08:41,620
其实还有很多有趣设计

161
00:08:41,620 --> 00:08:45,920
比如让技能同时带上正面和负面效果？

162
00:08:45,920 --> 00:08:48,820
让技能相互联系？

163
00:08:48,820 --> 00:08:52,150
一次只能装备有限技能？

164
00:08:52,150 --> 00:08:56,020
感觉技能树如今之所以到处可见

165
00:08:56,020 --> 00:08:58,820
只因为人人不能免俗

166
00:08:58,820 --> 00:09:00,120
这本身不坏

167
00:09:00,120 --> 00:09:02,620
只是很容易让人懒于设计

168
00:09:02,620 --> 00:09:04,570
生搬硬套

169
00:09:04,570 --> 00:09:08,040
无论它是否符合游戏玩法、体验

170
00:09:08,040 --> 00:09:09,990
和节奏等

171
00:09:09,990 --> 00:09:11,480
所以来点创意吧

172
00:09:11,480 --> 00:09:14,820
别让玩家把游戏玩了一半

173
00:09:14,820 --> 00:09:17,360
才获得那些早该有的能力

174
00:09:17,360 --> 00:09:21,570
别让人打开枯燥的界面只为加点血

175
00:09:21,570 --> 00:09:24,070
技能树的关键在于个性化

176
00:09:24,070 --> 00:09:26,270
在于多样化玩法

177
00:09:26,270 --> 00:09:28,850
在于权衡抉择

178
00:09:29,200 --> 00:09:32,420
在评论区里说说你最爱的技能树设计

179
00:09:32,420 --> 00:09:38,250
我等着大伙吐槽《最终幻想10》疯狂的晶球盘系统

180
00:09:38,250 --> 00:09:40,620
其实它到底是啥呢…