[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:02.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(♪♪♪)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.67,0:00:04.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: It's sweet.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.30,0:00:05.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's seductive.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.47,0:00:06.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is it deadly?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.97,0:00:09.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tonight the dangers of sugar.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.64,0:00:10.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> I think that sugar is a
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.61,0:00:13.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,main contributing factor.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.15,0:00:14.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: Serious new
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.18,0:00:16.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,warnings from serious people.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.52,0:00:17.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> The more I learn about it,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.48,0:00:19.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the more it scares me.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.58,0:00:20.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: Also tonight, what
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.52,0:00:21.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the sugar industry has tried
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.89,0:00:24.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to hide.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.16,0:00:25.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Strategies that I thought
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.39,0:00:27.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the tobacco companies made up
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.49,0:00:29.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,back in the 50's, actually
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.16,0:00:30.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of those, the sugar
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.43,0:00:31.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people had done even before
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.70,0:00:33.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.83,0:00:41.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(♪♪♪)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.14,0:00:45.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: When the Breedon
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.11,0:00:46.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,family goes shopping, like
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.04,0:00:47.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most Canadians, they try to
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.38,0:00:49.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,buy healthy.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.38,0:00:50.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Let's go...
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.25,0:00:51.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Up, up, up.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.15,0:00:52.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: But, like most
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.62,0:00:54.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Canadians, they don't always
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.22,0:00:55.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,succeed.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.66,0:00:56.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're busy.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.39,0:00:58.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Meals have to be quick.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.02,0:00:59.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then there's keeping the
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.19,0:01:01.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kids happy.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.90,0:01:02.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> It's either Lucky Charms or
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.59,0:01:03.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Mini Wheat Chocolate?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.80,0:01:05.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> No I want the Lucky Ones.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.70,0:01:06.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Okay, Lucky Charms?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.96,0:01:08.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.37,0:01:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> You want one that looks
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.00,0:01:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like half a moon or you want
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.00,0:01:12.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one that looks like a full...
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.20,0:01:13.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: A lot of what they
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.01,0:01:13.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eat is processed.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.71,0:01:15.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They assume it's nutritious
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.21,0:01:16.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they've never paid much
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.18,0:01:17.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,attention to what's in the
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.34,0:01:19.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,food they buy, have no idea
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.48,0:01:21.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how much sugar is hidden in
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.01,0:01:24.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.05,0:01:26.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> All right, guys, I want you
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.65,0:01:28.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To kind of start by telling me
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.02,0:01:29.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a little bit about some of the
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.36,0:01:30.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,groceries that you got today.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.86,0:01:32.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: Registered
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.26,0:01:33.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dietician Jacelyn Pritchard is
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.93,0:01:35.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about to help them figure it
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.63,0:01:37.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.23,0:01:38.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Have you guys ever taken a
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.23,0:01:39.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,look at any of the nutrition
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.33,0:01:40.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,labels or really paid
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.60,0:01:41.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,attention...
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.27,0:01:42.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> The label on this Nesquick
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.17,0:01:43.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cereal says there are 10 grams
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.90,0:01:46.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of sugar in 3/4 of a cup.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.57,0:01:48.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But who ever just eats 3/4 of
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.34,0:01:50.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a cup?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.48,0:01:52.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> How many of those would go
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.78,0:01:53.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into your bowl to make up your
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.91,0:01:55.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bowl of cereal?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.31,0:01:57.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> For me?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.92,0:01:59.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Um...I'd say probably like 8
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.58,0:02:01.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or 9.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.09,0:02:01.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> 8?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.95,0:02:02.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.62,0:02:03.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: That's a lot of
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.39,0:02:04.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cereal....and as Jonathon
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.92,0:02:06.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Breedon is about to find out,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.46,0:02:08.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an awful lot of added sugar.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.73,0:02:10.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> So in your serving of
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.30,0:02:12.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cereal of about 8 of these
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.03,0:02:13.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,servings, you're looking at
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.70,0:02:15.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about 20 teaspoons of sugar
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.30,0:02:16.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,added.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.44,0:02:18.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of non-nutritional value.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.87,0:02:19.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> That's a lot.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.91,0:02:22.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Yeah.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.31,0:02:24.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: So let's start at
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.01,0:02:24.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the beginning.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.71,0:02:25.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do we mean when we say
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.88,0:02:26.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sugar?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.78,0:02:28.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, whether it's the white
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.01,0:02:29.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stuff you bake with, or the
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.18,0:02:30.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,brown stuff you sprinkle on
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.45,0:02:32.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your oatmeal, whether it's
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.08,0:02:34.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,honey, molasses, syrup, maybe
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.02,0:02:35.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the high fructose corn syrup
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.62,0:02:37.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you've heard of.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.06,0:02:37.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a lot of that in
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.99,0:02:40.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things like pop, chemically
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.36,0:02:41.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's all pretty much the same
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.90,0:02:42.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.86,0:02:46.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we do consume a lot.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.50,0:02:48.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On average in this country, 26
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.03,0:02:50.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,teaspoons of sugar per person,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.80,0:02:52.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,per day.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.47,0:02:54.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's 40 kilos a year, the
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.84,0:02:58.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,equivalent of 20 bags.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.41,0:03:01.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's what sweetens the products
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.88,0:03:04.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and spikes the profits of some
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.05,0:03:05.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the most powerful,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.12,0:03:06.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and familiar companies in
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.69,0:03:08.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.72,0:03:09.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The food industry is one of
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.89,0:03:10.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the biggest manufacturers in
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.89,0:03:12.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,North America, nearly a
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.42,0:03:14.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trillion dollars in sales
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.19,0:03:16.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every year, and it couldn't do
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.50,0:03:18.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it without sugar.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.73,0:03:21.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(♪♪♪)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.10,0:03:22.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Sugar is one of the essential
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.97,0:03:26.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,basic ingredients used in 99%
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.14,0:03:27.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the processed foods out
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.21,0:03:29.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.28,0:03:30.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: Former industry
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.04,0:03:31.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,executive Bruce Bradley has
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.51,0:03:32.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,worked for some of North
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.54,0:03:33.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,America's biggest food
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.81,0:03:36.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,companies.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.45,0:03:37.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> It's something that can
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.72,0:03:39.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,drive a lot of taste in the
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.59,0:03:41.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,products and a lot of appeal
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.32,0:03:43.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for consumers, so it's one of
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.79,0:03:45.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the basic building blocks.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.92,0:03:46.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: And make no
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.96,0:03:48.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mistake, the amount of sugar
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.79,0:03:51.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in our food is no accident.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.16,0:03:52.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The food industry goes to
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.33,0:03:53.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,great lengths to figure out
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.70,0:03:54.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what makes us crave a
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.93,0:03:56.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,product -- the exact
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.47,0:03:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,combination of ingredients it
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.00,0:04:01.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,calls the "bliss point."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.27,0:04:02.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> You know everybody asks
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.31,0:04:05.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what is the bliss point?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.64,0:04:07.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dr. Howard Moskowitz, he's a
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.31,0:04:09.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,long time food industry
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.25,0:04:13.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,consultant, known as Dr. Bliss.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.99,0:04:15.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> The best way I can do it is
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.22,0:04:16.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to give you an example.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.69,0:04:17.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you drink coffee with sugar
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.86,0:04:19.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or with milk?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.36,0:04:20.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: With milk.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.16,0:04:21.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> So if you add more and more
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.26,0:04:23.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,milk you like it more and more
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.73,0:04:25.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,up to a certain point where
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.13,0:04:26.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you like it the most and then
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.77,0:04:28.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,add a little bit more milk,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.47,0:04:29.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you say oh, it's too milky
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.87,0:04:32.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and my gosh, and add a lot
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.10,0:04:34.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more milk and it's horrid.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.37,0:04:36.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's Goldilocks, it's the
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.44,0:04:38.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,middle, it's the best one.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.44,0:04:40.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the level where you like
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.41,0:04:43.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the product the most.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.52,0:04:44.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: A Harvard trained
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.38,0:04:45.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mathematician Moskowitz uses
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.92,0:04:47.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,models to test people's
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.59,0:04:48.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reactions to different
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.82,0:04:50.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,versions of a product.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.49,0:04:51.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once he's found the bliss
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.66,0:04:52.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,point, the product hits the
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.82,0:04:54.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shelves.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.19,0:04:55.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From soda pop to spaghetti
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.26,0:05:01.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sauce, his magic makes money.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.10,0:05:02.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Everybody wants to sell
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.33,0:05:04.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just a bit more.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.34,0:05:05.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do you get that immediate
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.57,0:05:08.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,increase in acceptance?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.77,0:05:10.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those in the know realize you
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.34,0:05:13.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can add a little sugar.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.04,0:05:13.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: A little?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.91,0:05:15.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first thing to know is
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.35,0:05:16.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that 4 grams of sugar is one
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.78,0:05:18.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,teaspoon.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.48,0:05:19.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So with that in mind, let's
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.62,0:05:22.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,look at some products.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.36,0:05:23.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's no surprise Coca Cola has
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.52,0:05:25.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a lot of sugar.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.02,0:05:26.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,40 grams a can.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.42,0:05:28.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's 10 teaspoons.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.76,0:05:30.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But much of the sugar we eat
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.16,0:05:31.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is hidden in foods we don't
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.43,0:05:34.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,necessarily think of as sweet.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.80,0:05:36.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This oatmeal, 3 and 3/4
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.47,0:05:39.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,teaspoons of sugar a bowl.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.17,0:05:40.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This vanilla flavoured yogourt,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.87,0:05:43.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nearly 5 teaspoons in just
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.71,0:05:46.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,half a cup.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.01,0:05:47.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can find sugar added to
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.38,0:05:49.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bread, soup, all kinds of
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.05,0:05:50.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,condiments.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.48,0:05:52.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hot dogs.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.08,0:05:53.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This chicken dinner, labelled
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.18,0:05:55.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Healthy Choice, has
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.22,0:05:56.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,5-and-a-half teaspoons of
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.59,0:06:00.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sugar in every serving.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.53,0:06:02.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is this the result?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.69,0:06:03.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's no question as our
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.53,0:06:04.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,consumption of sugars has
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.83,0:06:07.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,grown so have our bodies.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.33,0:06:08.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Canada doesn't keep good
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.67,0:06:10.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,statistics so we've used
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.07,0:06:11.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,American ones.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.60,0:06:12.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And those stats raise the
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.77,0:06:14.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,troubling question: Are we
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.47,0:06:16.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,changing our evolutionary
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.34,0:06:19.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shape.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.44,0:06:20.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's the line showing our
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.58,0:06:22.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sugar consumption for the last
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.01,0:06:25.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,50 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.12,0:06:26.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's the number of people
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.18,0:06:27.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who've become overweight and
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.69,0:06:30.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,obese.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.26,0:06:31.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now look at this line, it's
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.69,0:06:36.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for cases of type 2 diabetes.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.53,0:06:37.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this one, diseases of the
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.83,0:06:40.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,heart.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.73,0:06:42.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Back in the '80s and '90s we
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.13,0:06:43.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,used to blame a lot of those
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.50,0:06:46.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,problems on dietary fat.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.24,0:06:47.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But then we started taking fat
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.47,0:06:48.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out of our foods.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.61,0:06:49.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Did the incidence of disease
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.78,0:06:51.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,go down?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.24,0:06:51.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.98,0:06:53.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that got a lot of doctors
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.04,0:06:55.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and nutritionists asking why.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.75,0:06:56.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The answer, according to an
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.95,0:06:58.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,increasingly vocal group,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.88,0:07:02.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is sugar.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.79,0:07:05.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Which was worse, the sugar
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.02,0:07:06.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the fat?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.53,0:07:10.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The sugar a 1000 times over.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.46,0:07:11.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: Robert Lustig,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.80,0:07:12.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doctor, author, medical
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.100,0:07:14.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,professor, and one of the
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.57,0:07:16.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leaders of the anti-sugar
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.10,0:07:18.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,campaign.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.47,0:07:19.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> The fact is, our food
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.94,0:07:21.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,supply has been altered and
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.41,0:07:22.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,adulterated under our very
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.98,0:07:24.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,noses and in plain sight over
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.51,0:07:28.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the past 30 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.85,0:07:29.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: In addition to
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.65,0:07:31.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,treating obese kids Lustig is
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.32,0:07:33.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a YouTube sensation.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.79,0:07:35.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His lecture on sugar has been
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.02,0:07:36.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,seen by nearly 4 million
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.49,0:07:38.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people around the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.76,0:07:39.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he doesn't pull his
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.79,0:07:40.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,punches.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.89,0:07:42.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> The fat's going down, the
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.30,0:07:43.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sugar's going up and we're all
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.83,0:07:45.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,getting sick.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.73,0:07:46.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: You use words, you
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.63,0:07:50.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,use poison, you use toxic.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.17,0:07:51.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Certainly I use those words
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.14,0:07:53.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I mean them, this is not a
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.64,0:07:55.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hyperbole, this is the real
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.68,0:07:56.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,deal.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.54,0:07:57.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everyone thinks that the bad
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.94,0:07:59.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,effects of sugar are because
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.41,0:08:02.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sugar has empty calories.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.18,0:08:03.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I'm saying is no,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.82,0:08:05.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually there are lots of
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.42,0:08:06.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things that do have empty
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.59,0:08:07.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,calories that are not
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.89,0:08:10.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,necessarily poisons.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.89,0:08:12.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: Poisonous, he says,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.19,0:08:13.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of what too much
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.22,0:08:15.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sugar does in our body.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.66,0:08:17.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let's take a look at that.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.40,0:08:18.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sugar is made up of two
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.66,0:08:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,molecules: One called glucose,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.00,0:08:22.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,here in blue, the other
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.74,0:08:25.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fructose, in red.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.54,0:08:27.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When they separate in our gut,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.07,0:08:28.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the glucose circulates
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.41,0:08:29.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,throughout our body feeding
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.91,0:08:32.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our muscles and our brain...
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.38,0:08:33.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the fructose goes right to
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.74,0:08:34.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our liver.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.78,0:08:36.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And its in the liver where all
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.05,0:08:40.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kinds of problems begin.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.12,0:08:42.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> When you metabolize
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.36,0:08:44.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fructose in excess, your liver
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.66,0:08:46.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has no choice but to turn that
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.56,0:08:49.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,energy into liver fat, and
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.39,0:08:50.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that liver fat then causes all
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.100,0:08:52.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the downstream metabolic
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.93,0:08:55.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,diseases.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.03,0:08:55.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: We'll tell you
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.84,0:08:56.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more about those diseases in a
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.80,0:08:57.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,moment.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.77,0:08:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But first let's talk about
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.00,0:09:00.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.60,0:09:01.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Too much fructose, says
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.71,0:09:03.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lustig, shuts down the part of
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.17,0:09:05.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your brain that tells you when
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.08,0:09:07.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're full.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.65,0:09:08.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> It doesn't get registered
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.78,0:09:10.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the brain as you're having
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.35,0:09:11.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eaten.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.98,0:09:13.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, if you take a kid and prep
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.38,0:09:16.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,him with a soft drink and then
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.49,0:09:17.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let him loose at the fast food
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.72,0:09:19.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,restaurant, does he eat less
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.06,0:09:21.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or does he eat more?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.23,0:09:25.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Turns out he eats more.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.90,0:09:26.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> I think there's a long way
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.80,0:09:29.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to go before, um, the
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.03,0:09:32.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,literature is sorted out.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.07,0:09:33.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: Phyllis Tanaka
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.20,0:09:34.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,speaks for the biggest food
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.37,0:09:36.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,companies in Canada.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.74,0:09:37.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She doesn't buy Dr. Lustig's
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.94,0:09:39.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,theories and doesn't think
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.58,0:09:42.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,consumers should either.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.25,0:09:43.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think it's more important
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.65,0:09:46.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we step back and look at
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.02,0:09:49.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how do we look for ways to
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.05,0:09:51.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,educate and help consumers fit
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.86,0:09:53.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sugar into a healthy dietary
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.52,0:09:55.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pattern.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.79,0:09:56.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: But the industry
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.60,0:09:58.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sure doesn't make it easy.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.76,0:10:01.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Look at this breakfast bar.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.43,0:10:02.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's sugar near the top of
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.80,0:10:04.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ingredient list.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.50,0:10:05.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there's four more
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.34,0:10:06.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sweeteners.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.74,0:10:07.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Did you know that chemically
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.74,0:10:11.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're all the same?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.44,0:10:13.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then there's this tomato soup.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.95,0:10:14.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who knew it would have added
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.98,0:10:18.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sugars too?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.78,0:10:19.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How is a consumer supposed to
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.98,0:10:21.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,know that healthy, old, tomato
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.69,0:10:23.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,soup has three-and-a-half
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.19,0:10:25.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,teaspoons of sugar in a cup?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.32,0:10:26.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Well, how did you figure it
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.02,0:10:26.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.93,0:10:28.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By the nutrition facts table.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.89,0:10:29.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: I figured that out
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.79,0:10:30.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I've spent a lot of
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.60,0:10:32.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,time recently learning about
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.13,0:10:33.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what a gram of sugar is and
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.40,0:10:34.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how to read these labels.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.63,0:10:35.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you think most people know
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.40,0:10:36.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how to do that?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.47,0:10:37.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> In the last couple of
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.20,0:10:39.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,years, we engaged with Health
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.10,0:10:42.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Canada on a campaign called
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.51,0:10:43.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the nutrition facts education
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.94,0:10:48.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,campaign in large part as a
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.15,0:10:50.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,commitment to help Canadians
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.38,0:10:51.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,understand how to go into the
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.85,0:10:53.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,grocery store and make
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.08,0:10:54.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,informed choices.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.49,0:10:55.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: But surely there
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.45,0:10:56.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a way to warn people who
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.89,0:10:58.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,might be interested in this
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.46,0:11:01.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that a cup of this, of this
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.23,0:11:02.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,soup, brings you
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.50,0:11:04.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,three-and-a-half teaspoons of
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.13,0:11:08.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sugar.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.03,0:11:10.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> To what end though?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.57,0:11:11.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: Well, if they have
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.40,0:11:12.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,decided that as part of their
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.50,0:11:13.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,healthy diet they want to eat
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.60,0:11:15.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,less sugar.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.74,0:11:19.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Well, let me see.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.44,0:11:20.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then they would use this same
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.78,0:11:25.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,label.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.35,0:11:26.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: The only
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.12,0:11:27.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,information on the label is 14
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.19,0:11:30.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,grams of sugar in half a cup.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.69,0:11:34.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you know what that means?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.03,0:11:35.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You shouldn't have to be a
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.79,0:11:36.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dietitian to figure out how
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.93,0:11:38.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,much added sugar you're
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.13,0:11:40.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eating, but it helps.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.60,0:11:41.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jaclyn Pritchard has added up
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.63,0:11:43.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the sugar Jonathon eats in
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.24,0:11:44.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a week.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.74,0:11:46.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's pretty scary.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.40,0:11:47.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> This is your week's worth
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.40,0:11:49.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of sugar intake then.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.04,0:11:52.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is equivalent to 245
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.21,0:11:54.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,teaspoons of sugar.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.78,0:11:57.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> That's a lot of sugar.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.85,0:11:58.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: When we come
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.55,0:11:59.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,back, what all that excess
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.52,0:12:03.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sugar might be leading to.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.12,0:12:14.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(♪♪♪)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.77,0:12:20.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(♪♪♪)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.81,0:12:25.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> That's two grams of sugar.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.58,0:12:26.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: Having discovered
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.48,0:12:27.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just how much sugar is in
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.38,0:12:29.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their food, the Breedon family
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.18,0:12:30.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is on a purge.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:30.55,0:12:31.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Okay, the Kraft Zesty
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.72,0:12:33.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Italian has one gram of sugar
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.62,0:12:35.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this one...
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.55,0:12:36.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: They're still
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.52,0:12:37.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,surprised at the kinds of
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.76,0:12:40.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Products that contain sugar.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.69,0:12:42.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they're also determined,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.46,0:12:45.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of it, out it goes.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.50,0:12:46.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, they still have
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.46,0:12:47.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to eat.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.70,0:12:48.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So to help them learn about
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.53,0:12:50.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,life beyond processed foods,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.67,0:12:52.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've made them a deal.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.20,0:12:53.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For three weeks we'll provide
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.50,0:12:54.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of their meals
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.84,0:12:56.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,professionally made without
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.38,0:12:58.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,any added sugar.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.18,0:12:59.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They'll stick to the diet and
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.94,0:13:03.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,submit to medical tests.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.08,0:13:03.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Lucky Charms ain't so lucky
Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.82,0:13:06.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,any more.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.12,0:13:12.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: They're only in
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.92,0:13:13.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their mid-twenties but
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.89,0:13:15.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,according to medical standards
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.26,0:13:16.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both Jonathon and Anna are
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.96,0:13:19.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,technically obese.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.43,0:13:20.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Five-year-old Ruby is hovering
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.63,0:13:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the edge.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.00,0:13:26.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We started our experiment by
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.54,0:13:27.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,having their blood
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.50,0:13:29.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tested and analyzed by
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.07,0:13:30.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,obesity specialist, Dr. Dan
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.48,0:13:32.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Flanders.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.81,0:13:33.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The family, he says, is
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.61,0:13:35.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,heading for trouble.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.51,0:13:36.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Looking at these results,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.62,0:13:38.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would say that I'm very
Dialogue: 0,0:13:38.12,0:13:39.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,concerned.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.35,0:13:40.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Quite frankly, if they don't
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.55,0:13:42.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,make meaningful change to
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.52,0:13:44.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their lifestyle relatively
Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.46,0:13:48.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,soon, there's a higher chance
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.03,0:13:50.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they're heading for a
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.50,0:13:53.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,life of lousy quality of life
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.40,0:13:56.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and early death.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.84,0:13:57.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: Like most of us,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.80,0:13:59.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,getting fatter and sicker,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:59.64,0:14:00.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Breedon's might be
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.74,0:14:01.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,forgiven their nutritional
Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.91,0:14:03.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ignorance.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.24,0:14:04.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the food industry has
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.51,0:14:06.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,known, and discussed, links
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.11,0:14:07.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between processed food and
Dialogue: 0,0:14:07.85,0:14:11.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,disease for decades.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:15.02,0:14:16.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was Minneapolis.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.02,0:14:17.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1999.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.72,0:14:18.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Obesity was only an emerging
Dialogue: 0,0:14:18.99,0:14:20.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,problem back then, when the
Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.76,0:14:22.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,heads of America's biggest
Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.16,0:14:23.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,food companies arrived for a
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.63,0:14:26.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rare meeting.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.10,0:14:27.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Among them, the heads of
Dialogue: 0,0:14:27.13,0:14:28.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kraft, Nabisco, Nestle,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.73,0:14:33.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Coca-Cola and General Mills.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:34.27,0:14:35.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> These are executives, who
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.31,0:14:36.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,normally are fighting each
Dialogue: 0,0:14:36.98,0:14:39.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,other for space on the grocery
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.08,0:14:43.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,store.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.45,0:14:44.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They don't get together
Dialogue: 0,0:14:44.18,0:14:45.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very often.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:45.15,0:14:46.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, in '99, they got together
Dialogue: 0,0:14:46.88,0:14:50.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to talk about obesity.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.62,0:14:51.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: Reporter and
Dialogue: 0,0:14:51.52,0:14:53.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,author Michael Moss.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.26,0:14:54.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He described the Minneapolis
Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.56,0:14:55.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,meeting in his best-selling
Dialogue: 0,0:14:55.76,0:14:58.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,book.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:58.46,0:14:59.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> And they had been pulled
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.63,0:15:02.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,together by a cabal of
Dialogue: 0,0:15:02.67,0:15:04.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,insiders within the industry,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:04.87,0:15:06.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who had increasingly become
Dialogue: 0,0:15:06.24,0:15:08.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,concerned about, um, both the
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.41,0:15:11.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,industry's responsibility for,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:11.04,0:15:13.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and culpability for, being
Dialogue: 0,0:15:13.44,0:15:16.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,blamed for obesity.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:16.25,0:15:17.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: They gathered at
Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.12,0:15:18.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Pillsbury Company
Dialogue: 0,0:15:18.22,0:15:20.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,headquarters, 31st floor.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:20.18,0:15:21.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The message they got was
Dialogue: 0,0:15:21.79,0:15:24.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,uncompromising.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:24.32,0:15:25.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it was delivered by two of
Dialogue: 0,0:15:25.62,0:15:27.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their own: Michael Mudd, a top
Dialogue: 0,0:15:27.79,0:15:29.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,executive at Kraft, and Jim
Dialogue: 0,0:15:29.93,0:15:31.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hill a leading nutrition
Dialogue: 0,0:15:31.53,0:15:33.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,researcher.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:33.40,0:15:34.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In a slide presentation
Dialogue: 0,0:15:34.60,0:15:36.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,obtained by the Fifth estate
Dialogue: 0,0:15:36.07,0:15:37.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the two men gave it to the
Dialogue: 0,0:15:37.37,0:15:39.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bosses straight.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.94,0:15:42.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> A national epidemic.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:42.21,0:15:42.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: There were too
Dialogue: 0,0:15:42.94,0:15:43.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many warnings Mudd told
Dialogue: 0,0:15:43.98,0:15:45.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,them, before drawing a
Dialogue: 0,0:15:45.21,0:15:46.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,parallel designed to make them
Dialogue: 0,0:15:46.74,0:15:48.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,uncomfortable.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:48.21,0:15:50.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tobacco companies had recently
Dialogue: 0,0:15:50.08,0:15:51.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,settled a massive lawsuit in
Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.82,0:15:53.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,face of evidence their product
Dialogue: 0,0:15:53.48,0:15:55.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,caused disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:55.12,0:15:56.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Did the food industry, he
Dialogue: 0,0:15:56.09,0:15:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,asked, want to be next?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:59.99,0:16:00.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> If anyone in the food
Dialogue: 0,0:16:00.72,0:16:02.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,industry ever doubted there
Dialogue: 0,0:16:02.09,0:16:03.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was a slippery slope out
Dialogue: 0,0:16:03.100,0:16:05.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there, I imagine that they're
Dialogue: 0,0:16:05.86,0:16:07.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,beginning distinct sliding
Dialogue: 0,0:16:07.93,0:16:11.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sensation right about now.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:11.60,0:16:12.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: Graphics drove
Dialogue: 0,0:16:12.57,0:16:13.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,home the point.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:13.84,0:16:16.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maps showing obesity rates
Dialogue: 0,0:16:16.14,0:16:17.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rising and spreading across
Dialogue: 0,0:16:17.91,0:16:21.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the country like a rash.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:21.24,0:16:22.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> What are the health
Dialogue: 0,0:16:22.18,0:16:24.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,implications of all this?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:24.35,0:16:25.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Studies show that obese
Dialogue: 0,0:16:25.68,0:16:27.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,individuals are at a higher
Dialogue: 0,0:16:27.02,0:16:28.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,risk of developing chronic
Dialogue: 0,0:16:28.52,0:16:30.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,diseases such as diabetes,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:30.56,0:16:33.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,heart disease, hypertension
Dialogue: 0,0:16:33.66,0:16:36.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and cancer.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:36.10,0:16:36.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: Topping the list
Dialogue: 0,0:16:36.100,0:16:38.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of contributing factors: The
Dialogue: 0,0:16:38.90,0:16:40.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ubiquity of inexpensive,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:40.63,0:16:42.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,good-tasting, super-sized,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:42.67,0:16:44.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,energy-dense foods.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:44.90,0:16:46.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In other words, the very foods
Dialogue: 0,0:16:46.44,0:16:48.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the C.E.O.s were in charge of
Dialogue: 0,0:16:48.31,0:16:50.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,selling.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:50.34,0:16:51.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The two men were hoping for
Dialogue: 0,0:16:51.21,0:16:52.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,money to study the link
Dialogue: 0,0:16:52.64,0:16:54.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between food and obesity.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:54.64,0:16:55.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead they got a
Dialogue: 0,0:16:55.75,0:16:57.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tongue-lashing, starting with
Dialogue: 0,0:16:57.48,0:16:59.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stephen Sanger, the head of
Dialogue: 0,0:16:59.32,0:17:01.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,General Mills.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:01.12,0:17:02.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> He was rather furious at
Dialogue: 0,0:17:02.42,0:17:05.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mudd for bringing this to them
Dialogue: 0,0:17:05.66,0:17:06.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and blaming them for this, and
Dialogue: 0,0:17:06.89,0:17:09.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,his defence was, "Look, we
Dialogue: 0,0:17:09.93,0:17:12.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,already offer consumers a
Dialogue: 0,0:17:12.50,0:17:13.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,choice.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:13.66,0:17:15.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If they want low fat this or
Dialogue: 0,0:17:15.87,0:17:18.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,low sugar that, we have those
Dialogue: 0,0:17:18.77,0:17:21.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,products in the grocery store.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:21.24,0:17:22.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We feel we're already being
Dialogue: 0,0:17:22.94,0:17:25.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,responsible, both to consumers
Dialogue: 0,0:17:25.88,0:17:28.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from a health perspective, um,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:28.01,0:17:30.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also to Wall Street.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:30.92,0:17:31.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: In other words,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:31.92,0:17:34.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they didn't want to know.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:34.02,0:17:35.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, it's one thing to silence
Dialogue: 0,0:17:35.42,0:17:36.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,troublesome voices in their
Dialogue: 0,0:17:36.76,0:17:37.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,own companies.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:37.96,0:17:39.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Michael Mudd eventually left
Dialogue: 0,0:17:39.02,0:17:40.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the food industry out of
Dialogue: 0,0:17:40.29,0:17:41.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,frustration.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:41.63,0:17:42.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the people who profit from
Dialogue: 0,0:17:42.99,0:17:44.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sugar have proven themselves
Dialogue: 0,0:17:44.66,0:17:46.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very adept at crushing
Dialogue: 0,0:17:46.46,0:17:48.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dissenting voices everywhere,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:48.77,0:17:50.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including in the halls of
Dialogue: 0,0:17:50.23,0:17:53.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,science.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:56.94,0:17:57.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> In front of us day by day
Dialogue: 0,0:17:57.91,0:18:01.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are increasingly more and more
Dialogue: 0,0:18:01.18,0:18:02.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very tempting foods.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:02.85,0:18:04.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: His name was John
Dialogue: 0,0:18:04.15,0:18:06.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yudkin, a British nutritionist
Dialogue: 0,0:18:06.55,0:18:08.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who in 1972 wrote a book the
Dialogue: 0,0:18:08.92,0:18:12.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sugar industry did not like.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:12.12,0:18:14.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Pure White and Deadly" was a
Dialogue: 0,0:18:14.26,0:18:15.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,culmination of decades of
Dialogue: 0,0:18:15.86,0:18:16.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,research, according to his son
Dialogue: 0,0:18:16.93,0:18:18.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Michael, that led Yudkin to
Dialogue: 0,0:18:18.80,0:18:20.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what were then controversial
Dialogue: 0,0:18:20.13,0:18:22.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,conclusions.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:22.70,0:18:24.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> He started to wonder and
Dialogue: 0,0:18:24.64,0:18:26.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,late in the 1950s whether
Dialogue: 0,0:18:26.67,0:18:28.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sugar might be a culprit in
Dialogue: 0,0:18:28.27,0:18:31.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the increase in heart disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:31.38,0:18:32.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: More significant
Dialogue: 0,0:18:32.38,0:18:33.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than fat, which was the
Dialogue: 0,0:18:33.31,0:18:34.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,prevailing opinion at the time?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:34.55,0:18:35.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Certainly more significant
Dialogue: 0,0:18:35.41,0:18:36.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than fat, certainly more
Dialogue: 0,0:18:36.38,0:18:38.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,significant than fat, but that
Dialogue: 0,0:18:38.68,0:18:41.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sugar was also involved in a
Dialogue: 0,0:18:41.49,0:18:43.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,number of other undesirable
Dialogue: 0,0:18:43.12,0:18:44.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,conditions, particularly
Dialogue: 0,0:18:44.46,0:18:48.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,diabetes and obesity.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:48.29,0:18:49.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: That thesis soon
Dialogue: 0,0:18:49.23,0:18:50.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,put Yudkin in direct conflict
Dialogue: 0,0:18:50.63,0:18:52.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with big sugar's biggest
Dialogue: 0,0:18:52.63,0:18:53.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,apologist.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:53.90,0:18:54.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This man, American
Dialogue: 0,0:18:54.90,0:18:57.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nutritionist, Ancel Keyes.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:57.67,0:18:59.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Keyes would later be exposed
Dialogue: 0,0:18:59.07,0:19:00.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as having been funded by the
Dialogue: 0,0:19:00.51,0:19:02.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,industry, but not before he
Dialogue: 0,0:19:02.54,0:19:04.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,helped destroy John Yudkin's
Dialogue: 0,0:19:04.01,0:19:07.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reputation.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:07.44,0:19:09.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> And as early as the 1950s
Dialogue: 0,0:19:09.11,0:19:10.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he had started producing
Dialogue: 0,0:19:10.95,0:19:13.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,publications suggesting that
Dialogue: 0,0:19:13.82,0:19:15.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dietary fat was a problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:15.79,0:19:16.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: Award winning
Dialogue: 0,0:19:16.76,0:19:18.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,science writer and author Gary
Dialogue: 0,0:19:18.66,0:19:20.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Taubes.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:20.62,0:19:22.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Keyes successfully managed
Dialogue: 0,0:19:22.06,0:19:23.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to taint Yudkin with this smell
Dialogue: 0,0:19:23.90,0:19:26.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of quackery.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:26.13,0:19:27.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then on in, anyone else for
Dialogue: 0,0:19:27.10,0:19:29.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the next 20, 30 years who did
Dialogue: 0,0:19:29.13,0:19:31.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,research on sugar was accused
Dialogue: 0,0:19:31.80,0:19:33.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of being just like Yudkin.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:33.54,0:19:34.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> There was a systematic
Dialogue: 0,0:19:34.57,0:19:37.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,campaign to discredit or
Dialogue: 0,0:19:37.64,0:19:39.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ignore his work.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:39.94,0:19:40.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Because of the actions of
Dialogue: 0,0:19:40.68,0:19:42.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the sugar industry in the 70s
Dialogue: 0,0:19:42.51,0:19:43.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,virtually no research was
Dialogue: 0,0:19:43.41,0:19:44.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,funded.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:44.58,0:19:45.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have this idea that if you
Dialogue: 0,0:19:45.68,0:19:46.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,study sugar, you're just like
Dialogue: 0,0:19:46.75,0:19:48.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yudkin and he was a quack.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:48.65,0:19:49.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: But that's
Dialogue: 0,0:19:49.42,0:19:50.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,remarkable.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:50.22,0:19:51.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, what you're saying is
Dialogue: 0,0:19:51.16,0:19:52.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,scientific investigation into
Dialogue: 0,0:19:52.19,0:19:53.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the link between sugar and
Dialogue: 0,0:19:53.59,0:19:56.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,disease ground to a halt?
Dialogue: 0,0:19:56.19,0:19:59.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> It ground to a halt.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:00.26,0:20:01.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: When we return,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:01.10,0:20:05.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the science is back.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:05.14,0:20:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happens when you take
Dialogue: 0,0:20:06.00,0:20:07.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,healthy students and feed them
Dialogue: 0,0:20:07.74,0:20:09.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,too much sugar?
Dialogue: 0,0:20:10.74,0:20:16.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(♪♪♪)
Dialogue: 0,0:20:27.56,0:20:29.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(♪♪♪)
Dialogue: 0,0:20:29.33,0:20:30.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: It's week one of
Dialogue: 0,0:20:30.30,0:20:31.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The Fifth Estate" Sugar
Dialogue: 0,0:20:31.60,0:20:33.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Challenge.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:33.13,0:20:33.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Just look at recipes that
Dialogue: 0,0:20:33.93,0:20:35.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually help reduce the sugar
Dialogue: 0,0:20:35.83,0:20:36.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in your diets.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:36.93,0:20:37.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: And the Breedons
Dialogue: 0,0:20:37.84,0:20:40.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are getting a cooking lesson.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:40.27,0:20:41.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chef James Smith is teaching
Dialogue: 0,0:20:41.61,0:20:43.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that real food, all the fruits
Dialogue: 0,0:20:43.61,0:20:45.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and vegetables and grains of a
Dialogue: 0,0:20:45.28,0:20:47.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,healthy diet, can also be fast
Dialogue: 0,0:20:47.85,0:20:49.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and delicious, without any
Dialogue: 0,0:20:49.88,0:20:52.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,added sugar at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:52.05,0:20:52.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> They use specific
Dialogue: 0,0:20:52.95,0:20:54.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ingredients that will change
Dialogue: 0,0:20:54.29,0:20:55.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,up and that will lower the
Dialogue: 0,0:20:55.75,0:20:56.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sugar and lower the processed
Dialogue: 0,0:20:56.82,0:20:58.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,foods in your diet.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:58.69,0:20:59.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: And that may prove
Dialogue: 0,0:20:59.56,0:21:00.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a good thing, because after
Dialogue: 0,0:21:00.69,0:21:02.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,decades of silence there is
Dialogue: 0,0:21:02.26,0:21:03.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,new scientific research
Dialogue: 0,0:21:03.63,0:21:05.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,linking sugar to all kinds of
Dialogue: 0,0:21:05.93,0:21:08.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,chronic disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:09.93,0:21:12.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(wind blowing)
Dialogue: 0,0:21:13.90,0:21:14.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: Jonathan's blood
Dialogue: 0,0:21:14.84,0:21:16.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,work suggests he may be on the
Dialogue: 0,0:21:16.11,0:21:17.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,verge of getting one.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:17.28,0:21:20.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dr. Dan Flanders.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:20.48,0:21:21.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> His results suggest that
Dialogue: 0,0:21:21.98,0:21:24.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he's pre-diabetic.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:24.02,0:21:25.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That his levels have been high
Dialogue: 0,0:21:25.98,0:21:27.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that if we don't make some
Dialogue: 0,0:21:27.62,0:21:29.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,changes to his lifestyle soon,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:29.35,0:21:32.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,diabetes is coming.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:32.22,0:21:32.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: Today in North
Dialogue: 0,0:21:32.99,0:21:34.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,America it's estimated more
Dialogue: 0,0:21:34.66,0:21:36.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than 100 million people are
Dialogue: 0,0:21:36.73,0:21:39.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,diabetic or pre-diabetic.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:39.66,0:21:41.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dr Robert Lustig is quite sure
Dialogue: 0,0:21:41.36,0:21:43.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he knows why.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:43.34,0:21:44.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> So I can actually
Dialogue: 0,0:21:44.24,0:21:45.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,categorically say to you that
Dialogue: 0,0:21:45.94,0:21:48.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sugar is the proximate cause
Dialogue: 0,0:21:48.47,0:21:51.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of diabetes worldwide and we
Dialogue: 0,0:21:51.54,0:21:53.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have hard and fast data to
Dialogue: 0,0:21:53.61,0:21:55.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,show that.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:55.31,0:21:56.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: His data come from
Dialogue: 0,0:21:56.28,0:21:57.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,his own study, done over a
Dialogue: 0,0:21:57.72,0:21:59.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,decade, comparing diabetes
Dialogue: 0,0:21:59.95,0:22:02.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rates in 175 countries with
Dialogue: 0,0:22:02.85,0:22:04.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,peoples' diets.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:04.96,0:22:05.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> And we asked the question:
Dialogue: 0,0:22:05.79,0:22:08.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you adjust for all of
Dialogue: 0,0:22:08.03,0:22:09.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the factors that we know are
Dialogue: 0,0:22:09.49,0:22:11.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,relevant, what about the food
Dialogue: 0,0:22:11.90,0:22:13.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,supply predicts diabetes
Dialogue: 0,0:22:13.63,0:22:15.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rates, worldwide?
Dialogue: 0,0:22:15.93,0:22:19.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Answer: Sugar.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:19.84,0:22:22.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And only sugar.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:22.97,0:22:23.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> These studies are generally
Dialogue: 0,0:22:23.67,0:22:24.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,considered a weak level of
Dialogue: 0,0:22:24.58,0:22:25.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,evidence.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:25.48,0:22:26.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A lot of other things have
Dialogue: 0,0:22:26.24,0:22:28.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,happened at the same time.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:28.01,0:22:28.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: Toronto researcher
Dialogue: 0,0:22:28.88,0:22:31.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dr. John Sievenpiper.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:31.32,0:22:32.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He argues Lustig's methodology
Dialogue: 0,0:22:32.72,0:22:36.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is seriously flawed.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:36.02,0:22:37.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Methodologists would tell
Dialogue: 0,0:22:37.56,0:22:39.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you there's a lot of potential
Dialogue: 0,0:22:39.16,0:22:39.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bias, I could give you one
Dialogue: 0,0:22:39.96,0:22:40.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,example.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:40.76,0:22:42.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over the same time as sugar
Dialogue: 0,0:22:42.19,0:22:42.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has gone up, so has bottled
Dialogue: 0,0:22:42.99,0:22:44.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,water, but there's no real
Dialogue: 0,0:22:44.30,0:22:45.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,biological plausibility in the
Dialogue: 0,0:22:45.86,0:22:47.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,link between bottled water and
Dialogue: 0,0:22:47.36,0:22:48.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,overweight and obesity.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:48.53,0:22:49.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's not a, I don't think,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:49.57,0:22:51.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a sound finding.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:51.47,0:22:52.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we have to be careful in
Dialogue: 0,0:22:52.84,0:22:53.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,putting too much of the
Dialogue: 0,0:22:53.70,0:22:54.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,biological plausibility in
Dialogue: 0,0:22:54.74,0:22:55.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wanting to believe patterns
Dialogue: 0,0:22:55.94,0:22:57.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we see.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:57.51,0:22:58.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: His point is it's
Dialogue: 0,0:22:58.31,0:22:59.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hard to know what causes
Dialogue: 0,0:22:59.48,0:23:00.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,diseases.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:00.51,0:23:01.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And ethically can't induce it
Dialogue: 0,0:23:01.81,0:23:03.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to find out.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:03.41,0:23:05.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you can test for markers,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:05.42,0:23:06.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,warning signs that disease may
Dialogue: 0,0:23:06.95,0:23:08.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,be coming.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:08.35,0:23:09.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's what they're doing
Dialogue: 0,0:23:09.25,0:23:10.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,here, at the University of
Dialogue: 0,0:23:10.36,0:23:13.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,California at Davis.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:13.42,0:23:15.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(♪♪♪)
Dialogue: 0,0:23:15.66,0:23:22.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(wind blowing)
Dialogue: 0,0:23:22.07,0:23:22.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: In this lab,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:22.97,0:23:25.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,students are the guinea pigs.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:25.20,0:23:26.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The scientists are feeding
Dialogue: 0,0:23:26.14,0:23:27.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,them sugar to figure out if it
Dialogue: 0,0:23:27.77,0:23:29.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,raises the markers for heart
Dialogue: 0,0:23:29.24,0:23:32.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:32.68,0:23:34.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That drink contains 25 percent
Dialogue: 0,0:23:34.48,0:23:36.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of her daily calories, as high
Dialogue: 0,0:23:36.21,0:23:41.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fructose corn syrup.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:41.09,0:23:42.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Look at this...
Dialogue: 0,0:23:42.59,0:23:43.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: Every time they've
Dialogue: 0,0:23:43.52,0:23:44.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,run the test, says Dr. Kimber
Dialogue: 0,0:23:44.59,0:23:46.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stanhope, the results have
Dialogue: 0,0:23:46.69,0:23:48.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,been the same.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:48.16,0:23:50.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> We saw increases in
Dialogue: 0,0:23:50.39,0:23:53.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,visceral adiposity, that means--
Dialogue: 0,0:23:53.46,0:23:54.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: What's that?
Dialogue: 0,0:23:54.40,0:23:55.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> That's the fat within the
Dialogue: 0,0:23:55.50,0:23:59.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,abdominal region.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:59.34,0:24:00.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the fat surrounding
Dialogue: 0,0:24:00.44,0:24:02.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the liver and the intestines,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:02.94,0:24:04.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the kidney.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:04.31,0:24:06.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the fat that is
Dialogue: 0,0:24:06.01,0:24:07.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,associated with increased risk
Dialogue: 0,0:24:07.58,0:24:09.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for diabetes and
Dialogue: 0,0:24:09.28,0:24:12.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cardiovascular disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:12.42,0:24:13.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: The Breedons know
Dialogue: 0,0:24:13.52,0:24:14.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that fact.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:14.59,0:24:16.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anna and Jonathon have already
Dialogue: 0,0:24:16.22,0:24:18.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,been diagnosed as having fatty
Dialogue: 0,0:24:18.09,0:24:19.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,livers, which puts them at
Dialogue: 0,0:24:19.86,0:24:21.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,risk for raised insulin and
Dialogue: 0,0:24:21.53,0:24:23.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,triglyceride levels.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:23.33,0:24:27.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the fat in our blood.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:27.43,0:24:28.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When Dr. Stanhope tested the
Dialogue: 0,0:24:28.47,0:24:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,blood of her college guinea
Dialogue: 0,0:24:30.00,0:24:31.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pigs, healthy kids with
Dialogue: 0,0:24:31.64,0:24:33.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,healthy livers, she was
Dialogue: 0,0:24:33.27,0:24:34.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shocked by how quickly they
Dialogue: 0,0:24:34.94,0:24:37.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,saw problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:37.38,0:24:40.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> We definitely in two weeks
Dialogue: 0,0:24:40.61,0:24:43.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,see increases in the risk
Dialogue: 0,0:24:43.01,0:24:44.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,factors for cardiovascular
Dialogue: 0,0:24:44.55,0:24:46.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,disease in the blood.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:46.68,0:24:47.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: Just in two weeks?
Dialogue: 0,0:24:47.55,0:24:48.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> In two weeks.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:48.75,0:24:49.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: But those kinds of
Dialogue: 0,0:24:49.59,0:24:50.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,studies don't impress
Dialogue: 0,0:24:50.79,0:24:51.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everyone.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:51.82,0:24:52.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After surveying a number
Dialogue: 0,0:24:52.72,0:24:54.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of studies, including
Dialogue: 0,0:24:54.19,0:24:55.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dr. Stanhope's, that look at
Dialogue: 0,0:24:55.66,0:24:57.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sugar and heart disease,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:57.53,0:25:00.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,John Seivenpiper sees no reason
Dialogue: 0,0:25:00.16,0:25:01.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for alarm.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:01.36,0:25:02.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> What we find when we look
Dialogue: 0,0:25:02.70,0:25:04.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at those trials very carefully
Dialogue: 0,0:25:04.34,0:25:05.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that as long as you match
Dialogue: 0,0:25:05.80,0:25:07.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for calories, fructose does
Dialogue: 0,0:25:07.64,0:25:09.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not behave differently than
Dialogue: 0,0:25:09.57,0:25:11.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,does any other form of
Dialogue: 0,0:25:11.01,0:25:12.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,carbohydrate, namely starches
Dialogue: 0,0:25:12.91,0:25:13.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or refined starches and
Dialogue: 0,0:25:13.94,0:25:14.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,glucose.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:14.51,0:25:15.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, that's not to say that
Dialogue: 0,0:25:15.21,0:25:16.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're benign, because I
Dialogue: 0,0:25:16.35,0:25:17.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't think we should be
Dialogue: 0,0:25:17.08,0:25:17.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,having a lot of refined
Dialogue: 0,0:25:17.82,0:25:18.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,starches or glucose.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:18.62,0:25:19.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's not behaving any
Dialogue: 0,0:25:19.58,0:25:22.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,differently.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:22.05,0:25:22.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: Stanhope can't
Dialogue: 0,0:25:22.79,0:25:24.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,speak to the other studies but
Dialogue: 0,0:25:24.89,0:25:26.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,says she tested for all kinds
Dialogue: 0,0:25:26.39,0:25:27.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of things, and it was only the
Dialogue: 0,0:25:27.99,0:25:29.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fructose that caused the
Dialogue: 0,0:25:29.46,0:25:31.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:31.66,0:25:35.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> If I had results as strong
Dialogue: 0,0:25:35.03,0:25:38.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with regard to a food
Dialogue: 0,0:25:38.10,0:25:40.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,additive, a brand new food
Dialogue: 0,0:25:40.27,0:25:42.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,additive and then I started
Dialogue: 0,0:25:42.21,0:25:43.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,producing these results, they
Dialogue: 0,0:25:43.84,0:25:45.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would -- that additive would
Dialogue: 0,0:25:45.04,0:25:47.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,get pulled pretty quickly.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:47.78,0:25:48.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: That's how strong
Dialogue: 0,0:25:48.41,0:25:49.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these results are?
Dialogue: 0,0:25:49.15,0:25:50.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> I think they are.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:50.62,0:25:53.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(wind blowing)
Dialogue: 0,0:25:53.22,0:25:54.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: In the world of
Dialogue: 0,0:25:54.02,0:25:56.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cancer research, Lewis Cantley
Dialogue: 0,0:25:56.19,0:25:57.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a rockstar.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:57.82,0:25:58.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Five years ago the Cornell
Dialogue: 0,0:25:58.99,0:26:00.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,University professor was
Dialogue: 0,0:26:00.66,0:26:02.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,chosen to head a scientific
Dialogue: 0,0:26:02.73,0:26:03.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dream team.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:03.99,0:26:05.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A group of America's top
Dialogue: 0,0:26:05.10,0:26:06.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cancer specialists brought
Dialogue: 0,0:26:06.80,0:26:08.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,together to supercharge the
Dialogue: 0,0:26:08.46,0:26:10.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,search for a cure.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:10.87,0:26:11.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His findings may not be
Dialogue: 0,0:26:11.94,0:26:13.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,embraced by everyone but in
Dialogue: 0,0:26:13.67,0:26:15.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the cancer world, when Cantley
Dialogue: 0,0:26:15.54,0:26:18.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,talks, people listen.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:18.28,0:26:19.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: Let me ask then,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:19.24,0:26:22.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,do you believe that sugar
Dialogue: 0,0:26:22.41,0:26:25.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,consumption causes cancer?
Dialogue: 0,0:26:25.75,0:26:26.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> I think yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:26.78,0:26:28.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that eating too much
Dialogue: 0,0:26:28.32,0:26:30.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sugar can definitely increase
Dialogue: 0,0:26:30.99,0:26:32.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the probability of cancer, and
Dialogue: 0,0:26:32.72,0:26:34.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also make the outcome of
Dialogue: 0,0:26:34.92,0:26:35.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people who already have
Dialogue: 0,0:26:35.96,0:26:38.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cancer, uh, worse.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:38.93,0:26:39.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: So how?
Dialogue: 0,0:26:39.100,0:26:41.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, let's review what sugar
Dialogue: 0,0:26:41.43,0:26:42.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is made of: One molecule
Dialogue: 0,0:26:42.80,0:26:45.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,glucose and one fructose.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:45.34,0:26:46.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We know that when there's too
Dialogue: 0,0:26:46.37,0:26:48.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,much fructose in the liver, it
Dialogue: 0,0:26:48.31,0:26:50.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sets off a chain reaction.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:50.64,0:26:52.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The pancreas produces more
Dialogue: 0,0:26:52.01,0:26:53.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,insulin.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:53.41,0:26:54.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What Cantley now believes is
Dialogue: 0,0:26:54.75,0:26:56.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that excess insulin changes
Dialogue: 0,0:26:56.62,0:26:58.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cancer tumours, telling them to
Dialogue: 0,0:26:58.68,0:27:02.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gobble up the glucose.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:02.32,0:27:03.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> What we're now learning is
Dialogue: 0,0:27:03.92,0:27:06.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that some of the cancers,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:06.36,0:27:07.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,particularly those cancers
Dialogue: 0,0:27:07.36,0:27:09.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that correlate with obesity
Dialogue: 0,0:27:09.26,0:27:11.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and diabetes, often have
Dialogue: 0,0:27:11.36,0:27:13.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,insulin receptor on the cancer
Dialogue: 0,0:27:13.20,0:27:14.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cell.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:14.46,0:27:15.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The tumour, by expressing the
Dialogue: 0,0:27:15.87,0:27:17.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,insulin receptor, tricks the
Dialogue: 0,0:27:17.57,0:27:18.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,glucose into going into the
Dialogue: 0,0:27:18.80,0:27:20.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tumour, rather than the muscle
Dialogue: 0,0:27:20.64,0:27:21.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and fat.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:21.64,0:27:22.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as a consequence, the
Dialogue: 0,0:27:22.91,0:27:24.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tumour can use that glucose as
Dialogue: 0,0:27:24.61,0:27:28.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a fuel to grow.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:28.55,0:27:29.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: So if sugar can
Dialogue: 0,0:27:29.45,0:27:30.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fuel existing tumours and make
Dialogue: 0,0:27:30.95,0:27:33.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,them grow, can it also cause
Dialogue: 0,0:27:33.02,0:27:34.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tumours to form in the first
Dialogue: 0,0:27:34.45,0:27:36.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,place?
Dialogue: 0,0:27:36.19,0:27:37.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The science on that isn't as
Dialogue: 0,0:27:37.15,0:27:38.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,clear.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:38.49,0:27:39.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yet.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:39.42,0:27:40.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But Cantley is taking no
Dialogue: 0,0:27:40.39,0:27:42.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,chances.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:42.06,0:27:42.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> It scares me, yes, I think
Dialogue: 0,0:27:42.99,0:27:45.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if definitely -- I don't, you
Dialogue: 0,0:27:45.83,0:27:48.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,know, I will eat fruit, fruit
Dialogue: 0,0:27:48.23,0:27:50.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has sugar in it obviously.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:50.43,0:27:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Uh, but if I can avoid any
Dialogue: 0,0:27:52.00,0:27:54.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sugar at all, and any drinks
Dialogue: 0,0:27:54.07,0:27:55.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I drink, or foods, I try
Dialogue: 0,0:27:55.81,0:27:57.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to avoid processed foods,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:57.04,0:27:58.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,'cause it's hard to find one
Dialogue: 0,0:27:58.04,0:28:00.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that doesn't have sugar in it.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:00.68,0:28:02.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I certainly avoid sugar when I
Dialogue: 0,0:28:02.31,0:28:03.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:05.08,0:28:08.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(wind blowing)
Dialogue: 0,0:28:08.12,0:28:08.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: One of the
Dialogue: 0,0:28:08.85,0:28:09.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,criticisms of the anti-sugar
Dialogue: 0,0:28:09.89,0:28:11.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,scientist is that too much of
Dialogue: 0,0:28:11.09,0:28:12.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their "evidence" comes from
Dialogue: 0,0:28:12.92,0:28:15.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,animals, not humans.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:15.86,0:28:16.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That said, here at Brown
Dialogue: 0,0:28:16.93,0:28:18.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,University in Rhode Island
Dialogue: 0,0:28:18.66,0:28:19.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're doing studies they
Dialogue: 0,0:28:19.80,0:28:21.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,think should make a lot of
Dialogue: 0,0:28:21.07,0:28:25.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,humans nervous.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:25.04,0:28:27.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This rat is perfectly healthy.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:27.17,0:28:28.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,put him in a vat of water and
Dialogue: 0,0:28:28.27,0:28:30.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he finds his way to safety,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:30.11,0:28:33.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every time.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:33.14,0:28:36.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> 5.2.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:36.91,0:28:37.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: Now, look at this
Dialogue: 0,0:28:37.78,0:28:39.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,guy.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:39.48,0:28:40.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What he's been eating is the
Dialogue: 0,0:28:40.52,0:28:42.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,equivalent of a North American
Dialogue: 0,0:28:42.02,0:28:43.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,diet, complete with all the
Dialogue: 0,0:28:43.56,0:28:45.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fats and sugars we regularly
Dialogue: 0,0:28:45.62,0:28:48.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,consume.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:48.26,0:28:50.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he doesn't know where to go.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:50.43,0:28:54.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,his brain has been damaged.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:54.10,0:28:54.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> These rats were totally
Dialogue: 0,0:28:54.100,0:28:57.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,normal, and then they turned
Dialogue: 0,0:28:57.30,0:29:00.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into demented animals.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:00.84,0:29:02.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They don't remember they're
Dialogue: 0,0:29:02.27,0:29:05.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,learning after even a day.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:05.14,0:29:07.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as the challenge gets
Dialogue: 0,0:29:07.21,0:29:08.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,harder and harder, they fail
Dialogue: 0,0:29:08.71,0:29:10.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more and more, just like a
Dialogue: 0,0:29:10.28,0:29:11.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,human with Alzheimer's
Dialogue: 0,0:29:11.48,0:29:13.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:13.72,0:29:16.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> 36.2.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:16.59,0:29:17.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: In this lab the
Dialogue: 0,0:29:17.36,0:29:18.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,belief now is that Alzheimer's
Dialogue: 0,0:29:18.62,0:29:20.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is really diabetes of the
Dialogue: 0,0:29:20.46,0:29:22.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,brain, linked to insulin
Dialogue: 0,0:29:22.29,0:29:24.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,levels which can be affected
Dialogue: 0,0:29:24.10,0:29:26.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by too much sugar.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:26.26,0:29:28.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Professor Suzanne Delamonte.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:28.07,0:29:29.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Insulin resistance, we now
Dialogue: 0,0:29:29.73,0:29:32.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,know, can occur in any organ.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:32.17,0:29:35.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It can occur in the muscles.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:35.14,0:29:36.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's what diabetes is.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:36.61,0:29:37.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It can occur in the liver,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:37.98,0:29:38.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that causes fatty liver
Dialogue: 0,0:29:38.81,0:29:39.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:39.94,0:29:41.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It can occur in the ovaries,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:41.61,0:29:42.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's polycystic ovary
Dialogue: 0,0:29:42.51,0:29:43.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:43.91,0:29:45.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it can occur in the brain,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:45.78,0:29:46.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we think that's
Dialogue: 0,0:29:46.48,0:29:47.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alzheimer's.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:47.82,0:29:48.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: Now it's important
Dialogue: 0,0:29:48.62,0:29:49.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to remember that none of this
Dialogue: 0,0:29:49.75,0:29:51.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,research represents the
Dialogue: 0,0:29:51.12,0:29:53.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,scientific main stream.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:53.09,0:29:54.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The case against sugar has not
Dialogue: 0,0:29:54.69,0:29:56.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,been proven.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:56.49,0:29:57.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Associations on both sides of
Dialogue: 0,0:29:57.73,0:29:59.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the border for Alzheimer's,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:59.83,0:30:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cancer, diabetes, including
Dialogue: 0,0:30:02.00,0:30:04.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Health Canada and the FDA
Dialogue: 0,0:30:04.40,0:30:05.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they all know about this
Dialogue: 0,0:30:05.67,0:30:07.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,research and yet but none of
Dialogue: 0,0:30:07.34,0:30:08.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,them are warning about links
Dialogue: 0,0:30:08.57,0:30:11.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between sugar and disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:11.21,0:30:12.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there is one important
Dialogue: 0,0:30:12.78,0:30:14.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,group that is raising the
Dialogue: 0,0:30:14.21,0:30:15.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,alarm.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:15.98,0:30:18.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The American heart association
Dialogue: 0,0:30:18.05,0:30:19.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now recommends that people cut
Dialogue: 0,0:30:19.68,0:30:21.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,back on added sugar,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:21.75,0:30:23.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dramatically.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:23.39,0:30:24.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Women should have no more than
Dialogue: 0,0:30:24.49,0:30:26.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,6 teaspoons a day.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:26.46,0:30:28.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Men 9.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:28.83,0:30:30.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Don't forget the total sugar
Dialogue: 0,0:30:30.16,0:30:31.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,intake in this country per
Dialogue: 0,0:30:31.63,0:30:37.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,person is 26 teaspoons a day.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:37.43,0:30:38.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And yet, the Canadian food
Dialogue: 0,0:30:38.57,0:30:42.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,industry remains unimpressed.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:42.34,0:30:43.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> We've talked to people who
Dialogue: 0,0:30:43.37,0:30:45.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are quite convinced that there
Dialogue: 0,0:30:45.01,0:30:46.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a relationship, a
Dialogue: 0,0:30:46.31,0:30:48.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,correlation, between sugar and
Dialogue: 0,0:30:48.88,0:30:51.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,diabetes and heart disease,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:51.38,0:30:55.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cancer, dementia.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:55.29,0:30:56.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happens if those people
Dialogue: 0,0:30:56.39,0:30:58.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are right?
Dialogue: 0,0:30:58.72,0:31:00.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Uh, at this point in time,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:00.96,0:31:02.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm comfortable saying that
Dialogue: 0,0:31:02.33,0:31:04.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the science just isn't there
Dialogue: 0,0:31:04.39,0:31:05.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to support a role in chronic
Dialogue: 0,0:31:05.93,0:31:07.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:07.33,0:31:08.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: When we come
Dialogue: 0,0:31:08.33,0:31:09.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,back, government goes on the
Dialogue: 0,0:31:09.57,0:31:10.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,attack.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:10.87,0:31:11.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> If your kids drink one
Dialogue: 0,0:31:11.80,0:31:13.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bottle of soda a day they're
Dialogue: 0,0:31:13.14,0:31:14.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eating the equivalent of 50
Dialogue: 0,0:31:14.44,0:31:16.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pounds of sugar a year, the
Dialogue: 0,0:31:16.04,0:31:17.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,equivalent of 50 pounds of
Dialogue: 0,0:31:17.31,0:31:19.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sugar from just one soda a day.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:19.94,0:31:20.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: And big sugar
Dialogue: 0,0:31:20.91,0:31:23.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,strikes back.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:23.51,0:31:26.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(♪♪♪)
Dialogue: 0,0:31:26.85,0:31:27.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Everywhere you turn
Dialogue: 0,0:31:27.68,0:31:28.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,somebody is telling us what we
Dialogue: 0,0:31:28.62,0:31:29.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can't eat.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:29.99,0:31:31.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(♪♪♪)
Dialogue: 0,0:31:38.100,0:31:41.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(♪♪♪)
Dialogue: 0,0:31:41.73,0:31:42.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: World wide,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:42.57,0:31:43.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are few industries more
Dialogue: 0,0:31:43.70,0:31:45.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,powerful than the processed
Dialogue: 0,0:31:45.10,0:31:46.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,food industry, or the sugar
Dialogue: 0,0:31:46.94,0:31:49.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,industry that feeds it.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:49.31,0:31:50.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And yet for all their power,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:50.94,0:31:52.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we know remarkably little
Dialogue: 0,0:31:52.34,0:31:55.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about how they work.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:57.98,0:31:59.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cristen Couzens is determined
Dialogue: 0,0:31:59.22,0:32:01.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to change that.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:01.12,0:32:02.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a community care dentist in
Dialogue: 0,0:32:02.25,0:32:04.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Colorado she'd always been
Dialogue: 0,0:32:04.22,0:32:06.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,interested in sugar, but it
Dialogue: 0,0:32:06.46,0:32:07.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wasn't until she unearthed a
Dialogue: 0,0:32:07.69,0:32:09.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stash of documents from a
Dialogue: 0,0:32:09.29,0:32:10.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sugar company that had gone
Dialogue: 0,0:32:10.49,0:32:12.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out of business, that she got
Dialogue: 0,0:32:12.46,0:32:14.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a peek into a very secretive
Dialogue: 0,0:32:14.43,0:32:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,world.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:16.00,0:32:17.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> The first folder that I
Dialogue: 0,0:32:17.80,0:32:22.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pulled out opened up to a memo.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:22.97,0:32:24.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The blue letterhead of the
Dialogue: 0,0:32:24.04,0:32:25.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sugar Association.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:25.91,0:32:26.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it had the word
Dialogue: 0,0:32:26.58,0:32:27.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"confidential" underneath
Dialogue: 0,0:32:27.91,0:32:29.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the letterhead.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:29.28,0:32:30.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I just looked at that and I,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:30.82,0:32:32.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,oh my G-- you know, what have
Dialogue: 0,0:32:32.18,0:32:34.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I found?
Dialogue: 0,0:32:34.38,0:32:35.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: What she'd found
Dialogue: 0,0:32:35.49,0:32:37.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was a directive from the '70s,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:37.15,0:32:38.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a memo to industry executives
Dialogue: 0,0:32:38.79,0:32:40.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about a newly published
Dialogue: 0,0:32:40.16,0:32:42.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,scientific white paper; a
Dialogue: 0,0:32:42.03,0:32:43.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,paper that concluded sugar was
Dialogue: 0,0:32:43.89,0:32:48.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not only safe, but important.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:48.43,0:32:49.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> It was clear after reading
Dialogue: 0,0:32:49.47,0:32:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,further that the Sugar
Dialogue: 0,0:32:51.00,0:32:53.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Association had funded this
Dialogue: 0,0:32:53.37,0:32:55.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,white paper called, "Sugar in
Dialogue: 0,0:32:55.24,0:32:56.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Diet of Man," and they
Dialogue: 0,0:32:56.77,0:32:58.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were trying to make it appear
Dialogue: 0,0:32:58.04,0:32:59.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it was an independent
Dialogue: 0,0:32:59.08,0:33:02.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,study.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:02.81,0:33:03.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: Among the more
Dialogue: 0,0:33:03.55,0:33:05.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than fifteen hundred pages
Dialogue: 0,0:33:05.12,0:33:06.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she uncovered, there were
Dialogue: 0,0:33:06.58,0:33:08.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some Canadian ones too.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:08.42,0:33:09.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An account of a sugar industry
Dialogue: 0,0:33:09.82,0:33:10.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,meeting in the '70s in
Dialogue: 0,0:33:10.99,0:33:13.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Montreal, that included frank
Dialogue: 0,0:33:13.26,0:33:17.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,talk about heart disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:17.36,0:33:18.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> The greatest threat to
Dialogue: 0,0:33:18.10,0:33:19.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sugar consumption is in the
Dialogue: 0,0:33:19.06,0:33:20.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,field of nutrition, it says.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:20.90,0:33:22.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,More particularly in view of
Dialogue: 0,0:33:22.30,0:33:23.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,comments that have been
Dialogue: 0,0:33:23.67,0:33:25.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,recently made on the influence
Dialogue: 0,0:33:25.14,0:33:28.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of sugar on atherosclerosis.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:28.40,0:33:29.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: So they were
Dialogue: 0,0:33:29.24,0:33:30.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,worried?
Dialogue: 0,0:33:30.38,0:33:31.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> They were worried, as far
Dialogue: 0,0:33:31.64,0:33:34.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,back as 1971.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:34.04,0:33:34.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: What does that say
Dialogue: 0,0:33:34.58,0:33:38.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to you?
Dialogue: 0,0:33:38.32,0:33:38.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> They've known for a long
Dialogue: 0,0:33:38.88,0:33:40.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,time.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:40.02,0:33:42.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> So I took this paper and
Dialogue: 0,0:33:42.02,0:33:43.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,crossed out where it said
Dialogue: 0,0:33:43.02,0:33:45.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"tobacco" and put in "sugar"
Dialogue: 0,0:33:45.32,0:33:46.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and looked to see if I could
Dialogue: 0,0:33:46.99,0:33:48.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,find similar tactics that the
Dialogue: 0,0:33:48.23,0:33:52.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sugar industry was using.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:52.16,0:33:53.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: Today Couzens is
Dialogue: 0,0:33:53.03,0:33:54.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pursuing her research at the
Dialogue: 0,0:33:54.70,0:33:56.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,University of California in
Dialogue: 0,0:33:56.57,0:33:58.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,San Francisco.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:58.37,0:33:59.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And she's doing it under the
Dialogue: 0,0:33:59.34,0:34:00.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tutelage of someone to whom it
Dialogue: 0,0:34:00.94,0:34:04.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all sounds familiar.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:04.34,0:34:06.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> The amazing thing I learned
Dialogue: 0,0:34:06.01,0:34:08.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from her was that strategies
Dialogue: 0,0:34:08.71,0:34:10.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I thought the tobacco
Dialogue: 0,0:34:10.05,0:34:11.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,companies made up back in the
Dialogue: 0,0:34:11.78,0:34:13.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,50's, actually some of those,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:13.78,0:34:15.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the sugar people had done even
Dialogue: 0,0:34:15.19,0:34:17.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before that.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:17.16,0:34:18.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Well, you know now, we have
Dialogue: 0,0:34:18.09,0:34:19.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,83 million pages of history
Dialogue: 0,0:34:19.66,0:34:21.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,documents that's on the
Dialogue: 0,0:34:21.39,0:34:22.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,internet.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:22.53,0:34:23.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: Stan Glantz is
Dialogue: 0,0:34:23.76,0:34:25.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,famous in litigation circles
Dialogue: 0,0:34:25.26,0:34:26.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the man who first
Dialogue: 0,0:34:26.73,0:34:28.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,publicized secret tobacco
Dialogue: 0,0:34:28.40,0:34:30.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,industry documents that proved
Dialogue: 0,0:34:30.84,0:34:32.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cigarette companies knew their
Dialogue: 0,0:34:32.10,0:34:34.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,product was dangerous.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:34.24,0:34:35.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the new sugar documents, he
Dialogue: 0,0:34:35.57,0:34:38.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sees lots of parallels.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:38.64,0:34:39.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Well, one parallel is just
Dialogue: 0,0:34:39.91,0:34:41.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trying to undermine science.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:41.98,0:34:43.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another one is working to try
Dialogue: 0,0:34:43.48,0:34:45.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to attack and intimidate
Dialogue: 0,0:34:45.02,0:34:47.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,scientists and others who are
Dialogue: 0,0:34:47.72,0:34:49.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,coming up with results that
Dialogue: 0,0:34:49.95,0:34:51.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these big corporate interests
Dialogue: 0,0:34:51.82,0:34:53.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't like.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:53.26,0:34:54.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another one is trying to
Dialogue: 0,0:34:54.86,0:34:58.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,subvert sensible regulation.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:58.36,0:34:59.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: The sugar industry
Dialogue: 0,0:34:59.30,0:35:00.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Has decades of practice in
Dialogue: 0,0:35:00.63,0:35:02.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:02.27,0:35:03.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2003 the world health
Dialogue: 0,0:35:03.87,0:35:05.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,organization in Geneva was
Dialogue: 0,0:35:05.64,0:35:07.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looking at a resolution
Dialogue: 0,0:35:07.70,0:35:09.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,recommending people reduce
Dialogue: 0,0:35:09.11,0:35:10.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their sugar intake to just 10
Dialogue: 0,0:35:10.88,0:35:13.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,percent of what they eat.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:13.14,0:35:14.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It had broad appeal among
Dialogue: 0,0:35:14.21,0:35:16.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,health experts, but then the
Dialogue: 0,0:35:16.28,0:35:19.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,industry weighed in.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:19.22,0:35:20.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> The sugar industry went to
Dialogue: 0,0:35:20.65,0:35:23.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their friends in the US
Dialogue: 0,0:35:23.32,0:35:25.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,congress and they got these
Dialogue: 0,0:35:25.32,0:35:27.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very influential congressmen
Dialogue: 0,0:35:27.76,0:35:29.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to write letters and say that
Dialogue: 0,0:35:29.16,0:35:30.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is simply unacceptable.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:30.56,0:35:32.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in fact, that the US
Dialogue: 0,0:35:32.10,0:35:34.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would, you know, pull it's
Dialogue: 0,0:35:34.16,0:35:35.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,funding from the World Health
Dialogue: 0,0:35:35.53,0:35:36.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Organization if this report
Dialogue: 0,0:35:36.97,0:35:38.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,continued.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:38.77,0:35:39.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: Five months later
Dialogue: 0,0:35:39.77,0:35:41.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the recommendation quietly
Dialogue: 0,0:35:41.17,0:35:45.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,disappeared.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:45.28,0:35:46.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Having seen the movie before,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:46.98,0:35:48.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stan Glantz says we can't
Dialogue: 0,0:35:48.71,0:35:51.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,afford to let it happen again.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:51.62,0:35:52.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> We wouldn't have a tobacco
Dialogue: 0,0:35:52.98,0:35:54.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,epidemic if there wasn't a
Dialogue: 0,0:35:54.38,0:35:55.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tobacco industry.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:55.79,0:35:57.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We wouldn't have an obesity
Dialogue: 0,0:35:57.12,0:35:58.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,epidemic if there wasn't an
Dialogue: 0,0:35:58.89,0:36:00.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,industry that was making a lot
Dialogue: 0,0:36:00.26,0:36:01.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of money selling sugar and fat
Dialogue: 0,0:36:01.99,0:36:04.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and salt and things like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:04.73,0:36:06.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And to me the bottom line is
Dialogue: 0,0:36:06.66,0:36:08.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that one of the key disease
Dialogue: 0,0:36:08.03,0:36:09.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,vectors for non-communicable
Dialogue: 0,0:36:09.77,0:36:12.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,diseases is big corporations.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:12.74,0:36:14.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think we're going to
Dialogue: 0,0:36:14.44,0:36:15.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have to have to get these big
Dialogue: 0,0:36:15.81,0:36:19.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Corporations under control.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:20.24,0:36:21.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> It has become a bit of a
Dialogue: 0,0:36:21.04,0:36:26.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,moral issue, when you see the --
Dialogue: 0,0:36:26.98,0:36:29.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how far we've come.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:29.22,0:36:30.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: Bruce Bradley, who
Dialogue: 0,0:36:30.19,0:36:31.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,used to help run a number of
Dialogue: 0,0:36:31.69,0:36:34.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those corporations, agrees.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:34.56,0:36:35.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> This isn't a blip, this
Dialogue: 0,0:36:35.56,0:36:37.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,isn't a minor, oh, we just had
Dialogue: 0,0:36:37.06,0:36:38.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a minor course correction.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:38.80,0:36:40.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're on a completely wrong
Dialogue: 0,0:36:40.76,0:36:42.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trajectory with our health.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:42.80,0:36:43.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: What's the answer
Dialogue: 0,0:36:43.37,0:36:44.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then?
Dialogue: 0,0:36:44.57,0:36:45.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> I think the honest answer
Dialogue: 0,0:36:45.57,0:36:48.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that we need government to
Dialogue: 0,0:36:48.67,0:36:49.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,step in and to become an
Dialogue: 0,0:36:49.84,0:36:53.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,advocate for consumers.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:53.01,0:36:53.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> But sugary drinks are a big
Dialogue: 0,0:36:53.74,0:36:54.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reason ...
Dialogue: 0,0:36:54.51,0:36:55.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: But look what's
Dialogue: 0,0:36:55.44,0:36:56.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,happened when governments have
Dialogue: 0,0:36:56.41,0:36:57.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tried.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:57.65,0:36:58.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Earlier this year New York
Dialogue: 0,0:36:58.75,0:37:00.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,City passed a law banning
Dialogue: 0,0:37:00.45,0:37:03.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,super-sized sugary drinks.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:03.29,0:37:04.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> If your kids drink one
Dialogue: 0,0:37:04.12,0:37:05.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bottle of soda a day,
Dialogue: 0,0:37:05.52,0:37:06.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're eating the equivalent
Dialogue: 0,0:37:06.56,0:37:08.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of 50 pounds of sugar a year,
Dialogue: 0,0:37:08.49,0:37:09.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the equivalent of 50 pounds of
Dialogue: 0,0:37:09.63,0:37:11.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sugar from just one soda a
Dialogue: 0,0:37:11.23,0:37:12.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,day.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:12.66,0:37:13.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: Industry's
Dialogue: 0,0:37:13.43,0:37:15.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,response, to ridicule Mayor
Dialogue: 0,0:37:15.33,0:37:16.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Michael Bloomberg as an
Dialogue: 0,0:37:16.60,0:37:18.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,overbearing nanny.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:18.97,0:37:20.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The law was later overturned
Dialogue: 0,0:37:20.50,0:37:22.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the courts.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:22.31,0:37:28.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(♪♪♪)
Dialogue: 0,0:37:28.11,0:37:29.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Everywhere you turn somebody
Dialogue: 0,0:37:29.11,0:37:30.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is telling us what we can't
Dialogue: 0,0:37:30.28,0:37:32.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eat.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:32.35,0:37:33.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: But advocates keep
Dialogue: 0,0:37:33.85,0:37:35.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on trying.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:35.19,0:37:36.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two weeks ago in Washington,
Dialogue: 0,0:37:36.55,0:37:37.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,congressmen calling on the
Dialogue: 0,0:37:37.99,0:37:39.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,government to help consumers
Dialogue: 0,0:37:39.92,0:37:41.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by demanding better labels.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:41.16,0:37:42.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And at the very least,
Dialogue: 0,0:37:42.46,0:37:45.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,recommending a daily limit for
Dialogue: 0,0:37:45.10,0:37:49.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how much sugar is safe.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:49.13,0:37:51.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Canada and the U.S., those
Dialogue: 0,0:37:51.40,0:37:52.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,limits exist for other
Dialogue: 0,0:37:52.74,0:37:54.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ingredients like fat and
Dialogue: 0,0:37:54.60,0:37:55.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sodium.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:55.74,0:37:57.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Manufacturers must say what
Dialogue: 0,0:37:57.38,0:37:58.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,percentage of the recommended
Dialogue: 0,0:37:58.54,0:37:59.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,daily limit their product
Dialogue: 0,0:37:59.88,0:38:01.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,contains.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:01.58,0:38:05.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But next to sugar, nothing.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:05.22,0:38:06.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Would your association
Dialogue: 0,0:38:06.52,0:38:08.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,representing the big food
Dialogue: 0,0:38:08.79,0:38:11.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,manufacturers in this country
Dialogue: 0,0:38:11.32,0:38:13.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would they accept, uh, upper
Dialogue: 0,0:38:13.16,0:38:16.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,limit of how much sugar
Dialogue: 0,0:38:16.73,0:38:18.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Canadians would, should eat?
Dialogue: 0,0:38:18.66,0:38:19.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> I think that's kind of
Dialogue: 0,0:38:19.40,0:38:21.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hypothetical because ...
Dialogue: 0,0:38:21.23,0:38:22.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: Well, people are
Dialogue: 0,0:38:22.03,0:38:22.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,putting on the table saying,
Dialogue: 0,0:38:22.90,0:38:24.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is one way to, if you
Dialogue: 0,0:38:24.30,0:38:25.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,want to curb the amount of
Dialogue: 0,0:38:25.17,0:38:26.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sugar people are eating, this
Dialogue: 0,0:38:26.37,0:38:27.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is one way to start doing
Dialogue: 0,0:38:27.47,0:38:28.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:28.47,0:38:29.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> I think the industry
Dialogue: 0,0:38:29.71,0:38:32.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually has responded to the
Dialogue: 0,0:38:32.74,0:38:36.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,need for, uh, a diverse supply
Dialogue: 0,0:38:36.95,0:38:38.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of foods out in the retail
Dialogue: 0,0:38:38.38,0:38:39.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,marketplace.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:39.92,0:38:40.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Across our portfolio of
Dialogue: 0,0:38:40.92,0:38:43.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more than 650 beverages we now
Dialogue: 0,0:38:43.12,0:38:45.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,offer 180 low and no calorie
Dialogue: 0,0:38:45.32,0:38:47.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,choices.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:47.26,0:38:48.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: Today, even
Dialogue: 0,0:38:48.42,0:38:50.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Coca-Cola, the world's largest
Dialogue: 0,0:38:50.63,0:38:52.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sugar user, knows it can't
Dialogue: 0,0:38:52.73,0:38:54.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ignore the health debate
Dialogue: 0,0:38:54.26,0:38:55.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,anymore.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:55.46,0:38:56.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> We like people to come
Dialogue: 0,0:38:56.33,0:38:57.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,together with something that
Dialogue: 0,0:38:57.47,0:39:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,concerns all of us, obesity.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:00.00,0:39:01.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Coca-cola and every ...
Dialogue: 0,0:39:01.17,0:39:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: But the bottom
Dialogue: 0,0:39:02.00,0:39:03.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,line hasn't changed: If you're
Dialogue: 0,0:39:03.31,0:39:04.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,getting sick from what you
Dialogue: 0,0:39:04.64,0:39:08.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eat, it's your fault.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:08.48,0:39:10.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> For people to blame the
Dialogue: 0,0:39:10.38,0:39:12.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,consumer, to blame the victim
Dialogue: 0,0:39:12.32,0:39:13.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in all of this just as the
Dialogue: 0,0:39:13.62,0:39:15.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tobacco companies blame the 12
Dialogue: 0,0:39:15.92,0:39:17.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,year olds they go out and
Dialogue: 0,0:39:17.29,0:39:20.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,addict, it's just not fair
Dialogue: 0,0:39:20.26,0:39:21.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because people aren't given
Dialogue: 0,0:39:21.56,0:39:23.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the information that they need
Dialogue: 0,0:39:23.36,0:39:24.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if they're trying to make a
Dialogue: 0,0:39:24.56,0:39:26.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,good choice.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:26.100,0:39:28.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: As with tobacco,
Dialogue: 0,0:39:28.03,0:39:29.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at some point it will all come
Dialogue: 0,0:39:29.43,0:39:32.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,down to lives and to dollars.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:32.54,0:39:33.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The reckoning, warns Dr.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:33.57,0:39:36.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lustig is coming.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:36.47,0:39:37.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Bottom line?
Dialogue: 0,0:39:37.34,0:39:39.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There will be no money left by
Dialogue: 0,0:39:39.51,0:39:41.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the year 2026 for anything
Dialogue: 0,0:39:41.98,0:39:44.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,else because diabetes will
Dialogue: 0,0:39:44.38,0:39:45.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have chewed through all the
Dialogue: 0,0:39:45.45,0:39:47.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,healthcare dollars.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:47.48,0:39:49.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There will be no health care
Dialogue: 0,0:39:49.75,0:39:51.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in 13 years here in America if
Dialogue: 0,0:39:51.86,0:39:53.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we do nothing and I'm sure
Dialogue: 0,0:39:53.32,0:39:59.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Canada is right behind.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:59.06,0:40:00.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: For three weeks
Dialogue: 0,0:40:00.43,0:40:01.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Breedons have been eating
Dialogue: 0,0:40:01.96,0:40:04.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the food we've supplied.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:04.77,0:40:05.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> How much steak you want,
Dialogue: 0,0:40:05.57,0:40:07.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anna?
Dialogue: 0,0:40:07.07,0:40:07.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: They're still
Dialogue: 0,0:40:07.80,0:40:08.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eating the kinds of food they
Dialogue: 0,0:40:08.81,0:40:11.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like, as much as they like.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:11.04,0:40:12.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The only difference none of
Dialogue: 0,0:40:12.28,0:40:13.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's processed and none has
Dialogue: 0,0:40:13.78,0:40:15.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,added sugar.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:15.48,0:40:16.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Then eat some of mine because
Dialogue: 0,0:40:16.25,0:40:17.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's not too hot, hot.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:17.72,0:40:18.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: So has it made a
Dialogue: 0,0:40:18.98,0:40:20.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,difference?
Dialogue: 0,0:40:20.45,0:40:22.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The moment of truth.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:22.72,0:40:24.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In three weeks Jonathon lost
Dialogue: 0,0:40:24.19,0:40:25.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one-and-a-half inches around
Dialogue: 0,0:40:25.59,0:40:27.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,his waist.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:27.09,0:40:29.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,8-and-a-half pounds.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:29.66,0:40:32.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anna's weight is down too and
Dialogue: 0,0:40:32.03,0:40:33.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,her waist, where all that
Dialogue: 0,0:40:33.40,0:40:35.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dangerous fat can accumulate,
Dialogue: 0,0:40:35.96,0:40:41.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is down by 5 inches.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:41.04,0:40:41.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what effect did all that
Dialogue: 0,0:40:41.81,0:40:43.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have on their bloodwork?
Dialogue: 0,0:40:43.54,0:40:44.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> I'm Dr. Flanders, nice to
Dialogue: 0,0:40:44.04,0:40:45.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,meet you.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:45.01,0:40:46.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, Jonathan, I am glad to
Dialogue: 0,0:40:46.64,0:40:49.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,say there's some real signs of
Dialogue: 0,0:40:49.11,0:40:51.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things improving.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:51.11,0:40:52.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we have a look at your
Dialogue: 0,0:40:52.32,0:40:53.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cholesterol level, it has
Dialogue: 0,0:40:53.68,0:40:55.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually gone down by 10 per
Dialogue: 0,0:40:55.29,0:40:57.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cent which is fabulous.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:57.15,0:40:59.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your triglycerides have gone
Dialogue: 0,0:40:59.26,0:41:01.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,down by 20 per cent.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:01.89,0:41:04.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay so Anna...
Dialogue: 0,0:41:04.20,0:41:04.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Gillian: Her results are
Dialogue: 0,0:41:04.93,0:41:06.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,equally good.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:06.06,0:41:07.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And while our three week
Dialogue: 0,0:41:07.16,0:41:08.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,experiment is far from
Dialogue: 0,0:41:08.50,0:41:10.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,scientific proof of anything,
Dialogue: 0,0:41:10.97,0:41:13.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dr. Flanders is pleased.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:13.40,0:41:16.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> So this is some evidence
Dialogue: 0,0:41:16.11,0:41:17.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the changes that you've
Dialogue: 0,0:41:17.37,0:41:19.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,made to your eating
Dialogue: 0,0:41:19.98,0:41:22.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are helping to make your body
Dialogue: 0,0:41:22.35,0:41:24.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,happier, healthier.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:24.11,0:41:25.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is fantastic news.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:25.18,0:41:26.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is really great.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:26.68,0:41:27.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Well, when we first started
Dialogue: 0,0:41:27.45,0:41:29.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the project, I thought the
Dialogue: 0,0:41:29.08,0:41:30.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,change would be, like, really
Dialogue: 0,0:41:30.32,0:41:31.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,little.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:31.22,0:41:32.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like, I wouldn't see anything.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:32.06,0:41:33.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But to see how dramatically
Dialogue: 0,0:41:33.22,0:41:34.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,its changed, means to me, like,
Dialogue: 0,0:41:34.56,0:41:36.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it's really good.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:36.59,0:41:39.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> It was a big change, at first
Dialogue: 0,0:41:39.13,0:41:41.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was hell, but good results.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:41.80,0:41:44.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm happy.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:45.40,0:41:50.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(♪♪♪)