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Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.01,0:00:02.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Personality is more than just genes.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.74,0:00:05.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A large part of who we are and the decisions that we
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.06,0:00:07.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,make are influenced by the culture that we grew up in.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.72,0:00:09.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, where does this influence start?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.44,0:00:11.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think all the way back to when you learn manners.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.58,0:00:13.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You were probably scolded for engaging in behavior
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.97,0:00:15.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was considered rude in your culture.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.68,0:00:16.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Conversely,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.28,0:00:17.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're probably encouraged to engage in behaviors
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.97,0:00:19.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are considered to be polite.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.14,0:00:22.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, as you were conditioned to engage in more polite behaviors,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.52,0:00:26.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you subconsciously picked up on patterns that influenced how you behave.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.52,0:00:29.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These patterns are highly influenced by the values of the culture
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.64,0:00:33.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you grew up in. But not all cultures hold the same values.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.19,0:00:35.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some cultures tend to encourage behaviors that are loud,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.90,0:00:37.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,boisterous, and competitive.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.24,0:00:38.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Others encourage quiet,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.51,0:00:42.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,respectful, and more humble behaviors. Depending on the culture where you live,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.18,0:00:43.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you probably pick up on these values,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.90,0:00:46.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they have definitely influenced your decisions
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.08,0:00:47.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and your personality.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.15,0:00:50.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Researchers have been studying the connections between culture and
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.15,0:00:52.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,personality for a long time. And in this video,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.31,0:00:54.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm gonna attempt to explain two spectrums
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.58,0:00:57.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that researchers have created to define cultures.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.09,0:01:00.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The culture's place on these spectrums highly influences the personality
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.35,0:01:03.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,traits and the behaviors of the people within that culture.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.10,0:01:05.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, culture is not determined by borders.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.56,0:01:07.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As you'll see throughout the rest of this video,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.26,0:01:09.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people learn lessons from cultures that are created
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.86,0:01:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from people within a certain country occupation,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.02,0:01:14.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,class, gender identity, or other differences.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.34,0:01:14.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.98,0:01:17.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just because the country you live in has an individualist
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.89,0:01:21.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,culture does not mean you are bound by individualist ideas.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.26,0:01:23.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, keep this in mind throughout the rest of the video.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.22,0:01:27.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's get started by talking about individual versus collectivist culture.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.14,0:01:30.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Individualism focuses on the individual just as the name implies.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.88,0:01:32.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People living in an individualist environment,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.90,0:01:36.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,prioritize self-improvement of themselves and satisfying their own
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.32,0:01:38.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,needs before the rest of those of their community.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.52,0:01:39.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.20,0:01:39.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.42,0:01:41.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,individualist cultures believe and teach that
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.47,0:01:43.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if everyone takes care of themselves,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.24,0:01:46.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then the entire group should thrive and then become self-sufficient.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.29,0:01:50.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Individualist cultures put a lot of stress on independence and self-reliance.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.28,0:01:52.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those that live in this type of culture tend to be very self-sufficient
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.99,0:01:57.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and driven workers, but are weaker whenever it comes to collaboration and teamwork.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.04,0:01:59.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They usually struggle handing off responsibility.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.40,0:02:00.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, in general,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.07,0:02:02.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these people usually distance themselves psychologically
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.61,0:02:04.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and emotionally from one another,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.15,0:02:06.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since working with others is more of an option
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.32,0:02:08.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than a requirement for success. In the media,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.51,0:02:11.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we often see individualist characteristics associated with men,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.67,0:02:14.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people in urban settings, and the Western culture.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.55,0:02:16.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, what about collectivist cultures?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.28,0:02:18.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People living in a collectivist environment are taught to focus on the
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.91,0:02:21.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,needs of the group before they focus on their own individual needs.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.87,0:02:25.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They associate their identity to the role and function in a larger group.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.39,0:02:29.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These groups can include family, teams at work, or the entire nation.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.14,0:02:32.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Collectivist societies teach people that everyone will benefit when
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.38,0:02:33.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they start to look out for one another.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.82,0:02:36.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Harmony and interdependence between group members is highly
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.93,0:02:38.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,valued among people in this type of environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.96,0:02:41.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, unlike their individualist counterparts,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.10,0:02:43.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,members of collectivist cultures tend to be extremely
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.93,0:02:46.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,close to each other psychologically and emotionally.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.34,0:02:46.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.52,0:02:49.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this can create an us versus the mindset that separates or
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.96,0:02:52.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looks down upon people that are outside of their group.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.39,0:02:55.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Collectivist characteristics are generally associated with women,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.57,0:02:58.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people in rural settings, and Eastern culture.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.02,0:02:59.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, let's look at another spectrum.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.65,0:03:02.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Did you grow up in an approach or an avoidance culture?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.53,0:03:06.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This idea was coined in 1935 to help psychologists
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.18,0:03:09.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,identify what makes some conflicts easy to resolve and
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.06,0:03:11.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,others difficult to resolve. Where you lie on this
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.61,0:03:14.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,spectrum can highly influence how you make decisions.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.20,0:03:16.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, what is approach versus avoidance?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.55,0:03:20.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Humans typically want to approach and move towards pleasurable things, and they
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.07,0:03:23.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,typically want to avoid and move away from negative or painful things.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.81,0:03:25.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's very similar to Freud's pleasure-pain
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.80,0:03:26.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,principle.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.47,0:03:28.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The idea of approach versus avoidance was
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.56,0:03:30.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,measured when an experiment was conducted on
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.47,0:03:34.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rats in 1948. The rats were exposed to different positive and negative stimuli.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.84,0:03:37.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Researchers then measure the strength of their pull towards the stimuli.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.100,0:03:40.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The most interesting results from this experiment revealed that the closer the
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.100,0:03:43.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rats were to the item that they were either approaching or avoiding,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.76,0:03:45.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the stronger their pull was in either direction.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.94,0:03:46.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.30,0:03:47.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this can be applied to humans and how
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.92,0:03:50.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they make their decisions and categorize conflict.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.40,0:03:52.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what does it have to do with the culture where you grew up with?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.94,0:03:54.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because that's kind of the topic of this video, right? The
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.11,0:03:58.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,culture helps to teach you at a young age what to approach and what
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.34,0:04:02.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to avoid. Culture doesn't teach you to avoid physical pain and approach food.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.22,0:04:04.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those things are instinctual to all humans.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.82,0:04:08.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The things we learn to approach and avoid through culture, appeal to a higher need.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.86,0:04:12.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One example of this is something called uncertainty avoidance.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.26,0:04:13.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The uncertainty
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.26,0:04:15.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,avoidance of a culture is a measure of
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.06,0:04:17.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how that culture responds to novelty and uncertainty.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.93,0:04:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How does a culture deal with ambiguity? Are changes welcome in the
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.01,0:04:25.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nation? Does the culture approach stable traditional rules and customs?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.21,0:04:26.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, in some research,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.37,0:04:28.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I found that countries who generally score high
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.45,0:04:31.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in neuroticism tend to be high in uncertainty
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.16,0:04:31.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,avoidance.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.85,0:04:34.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those countries usually have a more formal system of rules that try to
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.71,0:04:37.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,minimize cultural or situational ambiguity, and the
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.77,0:04:39.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,citizens are uninterested in changing them.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.97,0:04:41.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These cultures tend to be more conservative,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.63,0:04:44.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more emotional, and usually xenophobic. Families in these cultures
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.85,0:04:46.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tend to have more traditional gender roles too.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.79,0:04:49.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Schools have more structured learning, and children are taught to
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.41,0:04:51.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trust that their teachers have all of the answers.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.73,0:04:55.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Children are also taught that the outside world may be a hostile place.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.48,0:04:59.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Religions associated with the uncertainty avoidance include Catholicism,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.38,0:05:01.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Islam, Judaism, and Shintoism.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.64,0:05:02.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Conversely,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.44,0:05:06.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,countries low in neuroticism and low in uncertainty avoidance tend to have fewer
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.44,0:05:10.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,laws and regulations and their citizens are much more interested in politics.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.36,0:05:14.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These cultures are often more open to change and more tolerant of diversity.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.24,0:05:16.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And people within these cultures tend to suppress their emotions
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.88,0:05:19.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more. Families in these cultures usually have looser general roles and
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.97,0:05:23.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their schools have a more open-minded learning. As a generality,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.42,0:05:24.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,teachers are allowed to say that they don't know
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.01,0:05:27.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and students are encouraged to question authority.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.17,0:05:29.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Children are also taught that the outside world is benevolent and
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.69,0:05:31.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they should not persecute others based on their beliefs.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.87,0:05:35.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Religions associated with low uncertainty avoidance include protestantism,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.54,0:05:37.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Buddhism, Taoism, and Hinduism.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.56,0:05:39.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, where do you fit in? Uncertainty
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.92,0:05:43.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,avoidance is just one concept that is influenced by a culture's personality and
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.67,0:05:47.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how it influences the decisions and behaviors of the people within that culture.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.59,0:05:50.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What were you taught to avoid? What were you taught to approach?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.46,0:05:52.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And how does the culture where you grew up in
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.66,0:05:55.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,influence what you consider to be comfortable and uncomfortable?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.62,0:05:58.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I hope you guys enjoyed this video, and if you did, feel free to watch some of the
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.42,0:06:00.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,other videos in this personality series. And if you
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.36,0:06:02.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,want to learn more about your own personality,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.26,0:06:05.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,check on my free three in one personality quiz in the description below.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.44,0:06:09.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What it does is it combines three of the major personality quizzes into just one
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.36,0:06:11.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,test you can take in under 10 minutes, and at the end of it,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.78,0:06:14.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm gonna try to predict some things about you, like your political stances,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.64,0:06:16.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your relationship style, and also your health.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.80,0:06:19.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I put a lot of work into it. So, I hope you guys enjoy it.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.32,0:06:21.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks for watching, and I hope to see you in the next video.