[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chris Anderson: Hello. So welcome\Nto this TED dialogue.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the first of a series that's\Nreally going to be done
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in response to the current\Npolitical upheaval.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know about you.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've become quite concerned about\Nthe growing divisiveness in this country
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in the world.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No one's listening to each other. Right?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They aren't.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it feels like we need
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a different kind of conversation,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one that's based on, I don't know,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reason, listening, on understanding,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on a broader context.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's at least what we're going to try
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in these TED Dialogues starting today,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we couldn't have anyone with us
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who I'd be more excited to kick this off.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a mind right here that thinks
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pretty much like no one else on the planet
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would say, because I'm serious.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm serious.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He synthesizes history
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with underlying ideas in a way
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that kind of takes your breath away.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So some of you will know this book,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Sapiens."
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Has anyone here read "Sapiens?"
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, I could not put it down.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The way that he tells\Nthe story of mankind
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through big ideas that really make you\Nthink differently, though,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's kind of amazing.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here's the follow-up, which I think\Nis being published in the U.S. next week.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yuval Noah Harari: Yeah, next week.\NCA: "Homo Deus."
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now this is the history\Nof the next hundred years.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've had a chance to read it.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's extremely dramatic,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I daresay for some people
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,quite alarming.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a must-read,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and honestly, we couldn't have\Nsomeone better to help
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,make sense of what on Earth\Nis happening in the world right now.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So a warm welcome, please,\Nto Yuval Noah Harari.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's great to be joined by our friends\Non Facebook and around the web.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hello, Facebook.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And all of you, as I start\Nasking questions of Yuval,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,come up with your own questions,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not necessarily about\Nthe political scandal du jour
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but about the broader understanding\Nof where are we heading?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You ready? Okay, we're going to go.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here we are, Yuval, New York City,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,2017, there's a new president in power,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and shockwaves rippling around the world.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What on Earth is happening?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,YNH: I think the basic thing that happens
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that we have lost our story.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Humans think in stories,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we try to make sense of the world
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by telling stories,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for the last few decades,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we had a very simple\Nand very attractive story
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about what's happening in the world,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the story said that, oh,\Nwhat's happening is
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the economy is being globalized,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,politics is being liberalized,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the combination of the two\Nwill create paradise on Earth,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we just need to keep on\Nglobalizing the economy
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and liberalizing the political system,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and everything will be wonderful.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And 2016 is the moment
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when a very large segment,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even of the Western world,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stopped believing in this story.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For good or bad reasons doesn't matter.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People stopped believing in the story,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when you don't have a story,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you don't understand what's happening.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: Part of you believes that that story\Nwas actually a very effective story.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It worked.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,YNH: To some extent, yes.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,According to some measurements,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are now in the best time ever
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for humankind.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, for the first time in history,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more people die from eating too much
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than from eating too little,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is an amazing achievement.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also for the first time in history,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more people die from old age
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than from infectious diseases,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and violence is also down.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For the first time in history,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more people commit suicide
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than are killed by crime and terrorism
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and war put together.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Statistically, you are\Nyour own worst enemy.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At least, of all the people in the world,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you are most likely\Nto be killed by yourself,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is very good news
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,compared to the level of violence
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we saw in previous eras.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: But this process\Nof connecting the world
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ended up with a large group of people\Nkind of feeling left out,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they've reacted, and so we have\Nthis bombshell that's sort of ripping
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through the whole system.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, what do you make\Nof what's happened?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It feels like the old way\Nthat people thought of politics,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the left-right divide,\Nhas been blown up and replaced.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How should we think of this?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,YNH: Yeah, the old 20th century
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,political model of left versus right
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is now largely irrelevant,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the real divide today
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is in global and national,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,global or local.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you see it again all over the world
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that this is now the main struggle.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We probably need completely\Nnew political models
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and completely new ways of thinking
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about politics.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In essence what you can say
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that we now have global ecology,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have a global economy,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we have national politics,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this doesn't work together.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This makes the political\Nsystem ineffective
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it has no control\Nover the forces that shape our life.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you have basically two solutions
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to this imbalance.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Either deglobalize the economy
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and turn it back into a national economy,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or globalize the political system.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: So some, I guess\Nmany liberals out there
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,view Trump and his government
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as kind of irredeemably bad,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just awful in every way.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you see any underlying
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,narrative or political philosophy in there
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is at least worth understanding.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How would you articulate that philosophy?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is it just the philosophy of nationalism?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,YNH: I think the underlying\Nfeeling or idea
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that the political system,\Nsomething is broken there.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It doesn't empower
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ordinary person anymore.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It doesn't care so much\Nabout the ordinary person anymore,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I think this diagnosis\Nof the political disease is correct.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With regard to the answers,\NI am far less certain.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think what we are seeing\Nis the immediate human reaction:
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if something doesn't work, let's go back.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you see it all over the world,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that people, almost nobody\Nin the political system today
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has any future-oriented vision
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of where humankind is going.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Almost everywhere, you see\Nretrograde vision.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's make America great again,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like it was great, I don't know,\Nin the '50s, in the '80s, sometime,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let's go back there.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you go to Russia.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So a hundred years after Lenin,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Putin's vision for the future
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is basically, ah, let's go back\Nto the Tsarist empire.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in Israel, where I come from,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the hottest political vision
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the present
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is "let's build the temple again."
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let's go back 2,000 years backward.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So people are thinking\Nsometime in the past we've lost it,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sometimes in the past, it's like\Nyou've lost your way in the city,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you say okay, let's go back\Nto the point where I felt secure
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and start again.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't think this can work,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but a lot of people,\Nthis is their gut instinct.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: But why couldn't it work?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,America first is a very\Nappealing slogan in many ways.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Patriotism is in many ways\Na very noble thing.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's played a role in promoting
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cooperation among large numbers of people.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why couldn't you have a world
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,organized in country
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of which put themselves first?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,YNH: For many centuries,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even thousands of years,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,patriotism worked quite well.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course it led to wars an so forth,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we shouldn't focus\Ntoo much on the bad.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are also many,\Nmany positive things about patriotism,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the ability to have\Na large number of people
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,care about each other,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sympathize with one another,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and come together for collective action.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you go back to the first nations,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so thousands of years ago,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the people who lived along\Nthe Yellow River in China,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was many, many different tribes
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they all depended on the river
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for survival and for prosperity,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but all of them also suffered
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from periodical floods
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and periodical droughts,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and no tribe could do anything about it
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because each of them controlled\Njust a tiny section of the river.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then in a long\Nand complicated process,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the tribes coalesced together
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to form the Chinese nation,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which controlled the entire Yellow River
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and had the ability
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to bring hundreds of thousands\Nof people together
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to build dams and canals
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and regulate the river
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and prevent the worst floods and droughts
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and raise the level\Nof prosperity for everybody.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this worked in many places\Naround the world.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in the 21st century,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,technology is changing all that\Nin a fundamental way.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are now living, all people\Nin the world are living
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,alongside the same cyber river,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and no single nation
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can regulate this river by itself.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are all living together\Nin a single planet
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is threatened by our own actions,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if you don't have some kind\Nof global cooperation,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nationalism is just not on the right level
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to tackle the problems
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of whether it's climate change
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or whether it's technological disruption.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: So it was a beautiful idea
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a world where most of the action,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most of the issues,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,took place on national scale,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but your argument is that the issues\Nthat matter most today
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no longer take place on a national scale\Nbut on a global scale.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,YNH: Exactly. All of the major problems\Nof the world today
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are global in essence,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they cannot be solved
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unless through some kind\Nof global cooperation.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not just climate change,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is, like, the most obvious\Nexample people give.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think more in terms\Nof technological disruption.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you think about, for example,\Nartificial intelligence,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over the next 20, 30 years
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pushing hundreds of millions of people\Nout of the job market,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is a problem on a global level.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It will disrupt the economy\Nof all the countries,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and similarly if you think\Nabout, say, bioengineering
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and people being afraid\Nof conducting genetic engineering
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,research in humans,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it won't help if just a single country,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let's say the U.S.,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,outlaws all genetic experiments in humans
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but China or North Korea\Ncontinues to do it.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the U.S. cannot solve it by itself,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and very quickly, the pressure on the U.S.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to do the same will be immense
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we are talking about\Nhigh-risk, high-gain technologies.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If somebody else is doing it,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can't allow myself to remain behind.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The only way to have regulations,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,effective regulations,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on things like genetic engineering,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to have global regulations.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you just have national regulations,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nobody would like to stay behind.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: So this is really interesting.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It seems that this might be one key
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to provoking at least\Na constructive conversation
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between the different sides here,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I think everyone can agree\Nthat the start point
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a lot of the anger that's\Npropelled us to where we are
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is because of the legitimate\Nconcerns about job loss.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Work is gone, a traditional way of life
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has gone, and it's no wonder\Nthat people are furious about that.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in general, they have blamed\Nglobalism, global elites
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for doing this to them\Nwithout asking their permission,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that seems like\Na legitimate complaint.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what I hear you saying
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that, so a key question is,\Nwhat is the real cause of job loss,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both now and going forward?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To the extent that it's about globalism,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then the right response, yes,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to shut down borders
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and keep people out
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and change trade agreements and so forth.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you're saying, I think,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that actually the bigger cause of job loss
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is not going to be that at all.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's going to originate\Nin technological questions,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we have no chance of solving that\Nunless we operate as a connected world.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,YNH: Yeah, I think that,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know about the present,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but looking to the future,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's not the Mexicans or Chinese
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who will take the jobs from\Nthe people in Pennsylvania,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's the robots and algorithms,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so unless you plan to build a big wall
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the border of California --
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) --
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the wall on the border with Mexico\Nis going to be very ineffective.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I was struck when I watched\Nthe debates before the elections,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was struck that certainly Trump\Ndid not even attempt
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to frighten people by saying\Nthe robots will take your jobs.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now even if it's not true,\Nit doesn't matter.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It could have been an extremely\Neffective way of frightening people
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and galvanizing people.\N"The robots will take your jobs."
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And nobody used that line.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it made me afraid,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it meant
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that no matter what happens
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in universities and laboratories,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there there is already\Nan intense debate about it,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in the mainstream political system
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and among the general public,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people are just unaware
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there could be an immense\Ntechnological disruption,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not in 200 years,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in 10, 20, 30 years,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we have to do something about it now,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,partly because most of what we teach
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,children today in school
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or in college
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is going to be completely irrelevant
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the job market of 2040, 2050.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's not something we'll need\Nto think about in 2040.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to think today
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what to teach the young people.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: Yeah, no, absolutely.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You've often written about\Nmoments in history
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where humankind has
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,entered a new era kind of unintentionally.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Decisions have been made,\Ntechnologies have been developed,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and suddenly the world has changed,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,possibly in a way that's\Nworse for everyone.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So one of the example\Nyou give in "Sapiens"
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is just the whole agricultural revolution,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which for an actual person\Ntilling the fields,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they just picked up a 12-hour\Nbackbreaking workday
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead of six hours in the jungle
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a much more interesting lifestyle.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So are we at another possible\Nphase change here
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we kind of sleepwalk into\Na future that none of us actually wants?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,YNH: Yes, very much so.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,During the agricultural revolution,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what happened is that immense\Ntechnological and economic revolution
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,empowered the human collective,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but when you look at actual\Nindividual lives,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the life of a tiny elite
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,became much better,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the life of the majority of people
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,became considerably worse.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this can happen again\Nin the 21st century.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No doubt the new technologies\Nwill empower the human collective,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we may end up again
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a tiny elite
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ripping all the benefits,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,taking all the fruits,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the masses of the population
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,finding themselves worse
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than they were before,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,certainly much worse than this tiny elite.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: And those elites might not\Neven be human elites.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They might be cyborgs or --
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,YNH: Yeah, they could be\Nenhanced superhumans.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They could be cyborgs.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They could be completely\Nnonorganic elites.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They could even be\Nnon-conscious algorithms.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we see now in the world
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is authority shifting away
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from humans to algorithms.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,More and more decisions
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about personal lives,\Nabout economic matters,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about political matters,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is actually being taken by algorithms.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you ask the bank for a loan,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,chances are your fate is decided\Nby an algorithm, not by a human being,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the general impression is that
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe homo sapiens just lost it.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The world is so complicated,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is so much data,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things are changing so fast,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that this thing that evolved\Non the African savannah
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tens of thousands of years ago
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to cope with a particular environment,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a particular volume\Nof information and data,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it just can't handle the realities\Nof the 21st century,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the only thing that may\Nbe able to handle it
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is big data algorithms.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So no wonder that more and more\Nauthority is shifting from us
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the algorithms.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: So we're in New York City
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the first of a series of TED Dialogues
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with Yuval Harari,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there's a Facebook live\Naudience out there.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're excited to have you with us.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're going to start coming\Nto some of your questions
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and questions of people in the room
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in just a few minutes,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so have those coming.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yuval, if you're going\Nto make the argument
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we need to get past nationalism\Nbecause of the coming
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,technological danger, in a way,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,presented by so much of what's happening
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we've got to have\Na global conversation about this.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Trouble is, it's really hard to get people\Nreally believing that, I don't know,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AI really is an imminent\Nthreat, and so forth.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The things that people,\Nsome people at least,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,care about much more immediately perhaps
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is perhaps climate change,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,perhaps other issues like refugees,\Nnuclear weapons, and so forth.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Would you argue that
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we are right now
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that somehow those issues
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,need to be dialed up?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You've talked about climate change,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but Trump has said\Nhe doesn't believe in that.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in a way your most powerful argument,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can't actually use to make this case.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,YNH: Yeah, I think with climate change,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at first sight, it's quite surprising
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there is a very close correlation
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between nationalism and climate change.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, almost always the people\Nwho deny climate change are nationalists.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And at first sight, you think why?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's the connection?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why don't you have socialists\Ndenying climate change?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But then, when you think about it,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's obvious.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because nationalism has\Nno solution to climate change,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you want to be a nationalist\Nin the 21st century,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have to deny the problem.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you accept the reality of the problem,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then you must accept that yes,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is still room in the world
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for patriotism,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is still room in the world
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for having special loyalties
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and obligations towards your own people,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,towards your own country.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't think anybody is really\Nthinking of abolishing that.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in order to confront climate change,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need additional loyalties\Nand commitments
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a level beyond the nation.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that should not be impossible,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because people can have
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,several layers of loyalty.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can be loyal to your family
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to your community
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to your nation,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so why can't you be also loyal
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to humankind as a whole?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, there are occasions\Nwhere it becomes difficult,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what to put first,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but life is difficult. Handle it.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: Okay, so I would love to get\Nsome questions from the audience here.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've got a microphone here.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Speak into it, and Facebook,\Nget them coming too.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Question: So one of the things
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that has clearly made a huge difference
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this country and other countries
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the income distribution inequality,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the dramatic change in income distribution
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the U.S. from what it was 50 years ago
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and around the world.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is there anything that we can do\Nto affect that,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because that gets at a lot\Nof the underlying causes?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,YNH: So far I haven't heard\Na very good idea
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about what to do about it,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,again partly because most ideas\Nremain on the national level,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the problem is global.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, one idea that we hear\Nquite a lot about now
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is universal basic income,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but this is a problem.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, I think it's a good part,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's a problematic idea because\Nit's not clear what universal is
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's not clear what basic is.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most people when they speak\Nabout universal basic income,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they actually mean national basic income,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the problem is global.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's say that you have an AI
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the 3D printers
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,taking away millions of jobs in Bangladesh
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of all the people who make my shirts
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and my shoes?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what's going to happen?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The U.S. government will levy taxes
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Google and Apple in California
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and use that to pay basic income\Nto unemployed Bangladeshis?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you believe that,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can just as well\Nbelieve that Santa Claus
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will come and solve the problem.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So unless we have really universal
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not national basic income,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the deep problems
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are not going to go away,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also it's not clear what basic is,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because what are basic human needs?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A thousand years ago,\Njust food and shelter is enough,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but today people will say education
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a basic human need.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It should be part of the package.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But how much?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Six years? Twelve years? PhD?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Similarly with health care,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let's say that in 20, 30, 40 years,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'll have expensive treatments
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can extend human life
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to 120, I don't know.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Will this be part
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the basket of basic income or not?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a very difficult problem,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because in a world
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where people lose their ability\Nto be employed,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the only thing they are going to get\Nis this basic income.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what's part of it
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a very, very difficult\Nethical question.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: And there's a bunch of questions\Non how the world affords it as well,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who pays.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a question here\Nfrom Facebook from Lisa Larson.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How does nationalism in the U.S. now
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,compare to that between\NWorld War I and World War II
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the last century?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,YNH: Well the good news,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with regard to the dangers of nationalism,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are in a much better position
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than a century ago.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A century ago, 1917,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Europeans were killing each other\Nby the millions.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2016, with Brexit,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as far as I can remember,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a single person lost their life,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an MP who was murdered\Nby some extremist,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just a single person.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, if Brexit was about\NBritish independence,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is the most peaceful\Nwar of independence in human history.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And let's say that Scotland\Nwill now choose to leave the U.K.,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after Brexit.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in the 18th century,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if Scotland wanted,\Nand the Scots wanted several times,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to break out of the control of London,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the reaction of the government\Nin London was to send an army up north
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to burn down Edinburgh
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and massacre the highland tribes.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My guess is that if in 2018,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Scots vote for independence,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the London government\Nwill not send an army up north
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to burn down Edinburgh.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Very few people are now willing\Nto kill or be killed
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for Scottish or for British independence.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So for all the talk\Nof the rise of nationalism
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and going back to the 1930s,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the 19th century,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the West at least,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the power of national sentiments today
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is far, far smaller
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than it was a century ago.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: Although some people now,\Nyou hear publicly worrying
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about whether that might be shifting,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there could actually be\Noutbreaks of violence in the U.S.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,depending on how things turn out.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Should we be worried about that, or\Ndo you really think things have shifted?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,YNH: No, we should be worried.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We should be aware of two things.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First of all, don't be hysterical.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are not back\Nin the First World War yet.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But on the other hand,\Ndon't be complacent.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We reached from 1917 to 2017
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not by some divine miracle
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but simply by human decisions,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if we now start making\Nthe wrong decisions,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we could be back
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in an analogous situation
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to 1917 in a few years.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the things I know as a historian
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that you should never\Nunderestimate human stupidity.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's one of the most powerful\Nforces in history
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is human stupidity and human violence.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Humans do such crazy things
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for no obvious reasons,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but again, at the same time,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,another very powerful force\Nin human history is human wisdom.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have both.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: We have with us here\Nmoral psychologist Jonathan Haidt,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who I think has a question.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jonathan Haidt: Thanks, Yuval.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you seem to be a fan\Nof global governance,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but when you look at the map of the world
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from Transparency International,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which rates the level of corruption\Nof political institutions,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's a vast sea of red
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with little bits of yellow here and there\Nfor those with good institutions.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if we were to have\Nsome kind of global governance,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what makes you think that it would end up\Nbeing more like Denmark
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than more like Russia or Honduras,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and aren't there alternatives
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as we did with CFCs?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, there are ways to solve\Nglobal problems with national governments.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What would world government\Nactually look like,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and why do you think it would work?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,YNH: Well, I don't know\Nhow it would look like.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nobody still has a model for that.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The main reason we need it
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is because many of these issues
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are lose-lose situations.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you have a win-win situation
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like trade, both sides can benefit\Nfrom a trade agreement,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then this is something you can work out.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Without some kind of global government,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,national governments each\Nhas an interest in doing it.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when you have a lose-lose situation,\Nlike with climate change,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's much more difficult
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without some overarching\Nauthority, real authority.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, how to get there
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how would it look like,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And certainly there is no obvious reason
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to think that it would look like Denmark,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or that it would be a democracy.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most likely it wouldn't.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't have workable
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,democratic models
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for a global government.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So maybe it would look more\Nlike ancient China
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than like modern Denmark,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but still, given the dangers
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we are facing,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think the imperative
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of having some kind of real ability
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to force through difficult decisions
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the global level
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is more important
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than almost anything else.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,