[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I was nine years old
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.00,0:00:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I went off to summer camp for the first time.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.00,0:00:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And my mother packed me a suitcase
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.00,0:00:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,full of books,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.00,0:00:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which to me seemed like a perfectly natural thing to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.00,0:00:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because in my family,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.00,0:00:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reading was the primary group activity.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.00,0:00:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this might sound antisocial to you,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.00,0:00:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but for us it was really just a different way of being social.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.00,0:00:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have the animal warmth of your family
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.00,0:00:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sitting right next to you,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.00,0:00:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you are also free to go roaming around the adventureland
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.00,0:00:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,inside your own mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.00,0:00:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I had this idea
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.00,0:00:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that camp was going to be just like this, but better.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.00,0:00:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.00,0:00:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had a vision of 10 girls sitting in a cabin
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.00,0:00:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cozily reading books in their matching nightgowns.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.00,0:00:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.00,0:00:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Camp was more like a keg party without any alcohol.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.00,0:00:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And on the very first day
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.00,0:00:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our counselor gathered us all together
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.00,0:00:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she taught us a cheer that she said we would be doing
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.00,0:00:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every day for the rest of the summer
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.00,0:00:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to instill camp spirit.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.00,0:00:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it went like this:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.00,0:01:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"R-O-W-D-I-E,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.00,0:01:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's the way we spell rowdie.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.00,0:01:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rowdie, rowdie, let's get rowdie."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.00,0:01:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yeah.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.00,0:01:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I couldn't figure out for the life of me
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.00,0:01:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why we were supposed to be so rowdy,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.00,0:01:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or why we had to spell this word incorrectly.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.00,0:01:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.00,0:01:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I recited a cheer. I recited a cheer along with everybody else.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.00,0:01:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I did my best.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.00,0:01:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I just waited for the time
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.00,0:01:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I could go off and read my books.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.00,0:01:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the first time that I took my book out of my suitcase,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.00,0:01:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the coolest girl in the bunk came up to me
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.00,0:01:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she asked me, "Why are you being so mellow?" --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.00,0:01:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mellow, of course, being the exact opposite
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.00,0:01:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of R-O-W-D-I-E.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.00,0:01:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then the second time I tried it,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.00,0:01:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the counselor came up to me with a concerned expression on her face
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.00,0:01:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she repeated the point about camp spirit
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.00,0:01:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and said we should all work very hard
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.00,0:01:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be outgoing.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.00,0:01:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so I put my books away,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.00,0:02:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,back in their suitcase,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.00,0:02:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I put them under my bed,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.00,0:02:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there they stayed for the rest of the summer.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.00,0:02:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I felt kind of guilty about this.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.00,0:02:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I felt as if the books needed me somehow,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.00,0:02:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they were calling out to me and I was forsaking them.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.00,0:02:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I did forsake them and I didn't open that suitcase again
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.00,0:02:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until I was back home with my family
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.00,0:02:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the end of the summer.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.00,0:02:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I tell you this story about summer camp.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.00,0:02:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I could have told you 50 others just like it --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.00,0:02:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the times that I got the message
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.00,0:02:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that somehow my quiet and introverted style of being
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.00,0:02:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was not necessarily the right way to go,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.00,0:02:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I should be trying to pass as more of an extrovert.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.00,0:02:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I always sensed deep down that this was wrong
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.00,0:02:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that introverts were pretty excellent just as they were.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.00,0:02:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But for years I denied this intuition,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.00,0:02:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so I became a Wall Street lawyer, of all things,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.00,0:02:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead of the writer that I had always longed to be --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.00,0:02:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,partly because I needed to prove to myself
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.00,0:02:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I could be bold and assertive too.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.00,0:02:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I was always going off to crowded bars
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.00,0:02:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I really would have preferred to just have a nice dinner with friends.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.00,0:03:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I made these self-negating choices
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.00,0:03:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so reflexively,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.00,0:03:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I wasn't even aware that I was making them.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.00,0:03:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now this is what many introverts do,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.00,0:03:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's our loss for sure,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.00,0:03:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it is also our colleagues' loss
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.00,0:03:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and our communities' loss.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.00,0:03:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And at the risk of sounding grandiose, it is the world's loss.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.00,0:03:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because when it comes to creativity and to leadership,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.00,0:03:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need introverts doing what they do best.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.00,0:03:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A third to a half of the population are introverts --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.00,0:03:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a third to a half.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.00,0:03:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's one out of every two or three people you know.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.00,0:03:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So even if you're an extrovert yourself,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.00,0:03:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm talking about your coworkers
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.00,0:03:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and your spouses and your children
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.00,0:03:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the person sitting next to you right now --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.00,0:03:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of them subject to this bias
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.00,0:03:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is pretty deep and real in our society.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.00,0:03:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We all internalize it from a very early age
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.00,0:03:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without even having a language for what we're doing.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.00,0:03:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now to see the bias clearly
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.00,0:03:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you need to understand what introversion is.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.00,0:03:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's different from being shy.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.00,0:04:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Shyness is about fear of social judgment.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.00,0:04:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Introversion is more about,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.00,0:04:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how do you respond to stimulation,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.00,0:04:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including social stimulation.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.00,0:04:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So extroverts really crave large amounts of stimulation,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.00,0:04:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whereas introverts feel at their most alive
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.00,0:04:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and their most switched-on and their most capable
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.00,0:04:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they're in quieter, more low-key environments.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.00,0:04:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not all the time -- these things aren't absolute --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.00,0:04:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but a lot of the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.00,0:04:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the key then
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.00,0:04:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to maximizing our talents
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.00,0:04:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is for us all to put ourselves
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.00,0:04:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the zone of stimulation that is right for us.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.00,0:04:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But now here's where the bias comes in.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.00,0:04:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our most important institutions,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.00,0:04:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our schools and our workplaces,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.00,0:04:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they are designed mostly for extroverts
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.00,0:04:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for extroverts' need for lots of stimulation.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.00,0:04:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And also we have this belief system right now
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.00,0:04:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I call the new groupthink,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.00,0:04:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which holds that all creativity and all productivity
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.00,0:04:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,comes from a very oddly gregarious place.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.00,0:04:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if you picture the typical classroom nowadays:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.00,0:04:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I was going to school,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.00,0:05:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we sat in rows.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.00,0:05:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We sat in rows of desks like this,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.00,0:05:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we did most of our work pretty autonomously.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.00,0:05:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But nowadays, your typical classroom
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.00,0:05:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has pods of desks --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.00,0:05:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,four or five or six or seven kids all facing each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.00,0:05:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And kids are working in countless group assignments.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.00,0:05:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even in subjects like math and creative writing,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.00,0:05:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which you think would depend on solo flights of thought,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.00,0:05:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kids are now expected to act as committee members.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.00,0:05:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And for the kids who prefer
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.00,0:05:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to go off by themselves or just to work alone,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.00,0:05:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those kids are seen as outliers often
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.00,0:05:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or, worse, as problem cases.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.00,0:05:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the vast majority of teachers reports believing
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.00,0:05:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the ideal student is an extrovert
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.00,0:05:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as opposed to an introvert,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.00,0:05:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though introverts actually get better grades
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.00,0:05:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and are more knowledgeable,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.00,0:05:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,according to research.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.00,0:05:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.00,0:05:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, same thing is true in our workplaces.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.00,0:05:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, most of us work in open plan offices,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.00,0:05:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without walls,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.00,0:05:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we are subject
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.00,0:06:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the constant noise and gaze of our coworkers.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.00,0:06:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when it comes to leadership,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.00,0:06:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,introverts are routinely passed over for leadership positions,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.00,0:06:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though introverts tend to be very careful,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.00,0:06:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,much less likely to take outsize risks --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.00,0:06:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is something we might all favor nowadays.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.00,0:06:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And interesting research by Adam Grant at the Wharton School
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.00,0:06:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has found that introverted leaders
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.00,0:06:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,often deliver better outcomes than extroverts do,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.00,0:06:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because when they are managing proactive employees,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.00,0:06:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're much more likely to let those employees run with their ideas,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.00,0:06:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whereas an extrovert can, quite unwittingly,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.00,0:06:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,get so excited about things
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.00,0:06:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they're putting their own stamp on things,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.00,0:06:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and other people's ideas might not as easily then
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.00,0:06:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bubble up to the surface.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.00,0:06:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now in fact, some of our transformative leaders in history have been introverts.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.00,0:06:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll give you some examples.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.00,0:06:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eleanor Roosevelt, Rosa Parks, Gandhi --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.00,0:06:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all these peopled described themselves
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.00,0:06:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as quiet and soft-spoken and even shy.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.00,0:06:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they all took the spotlight,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.00,0:06:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though every bone in their bodies
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.00,0:06:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was telling them not to.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.00,0:06:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this turns out to have a special power all its own,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.00,0:07:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because people could feel that these leaders were at the helm,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.00,0:07:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not because they enjoyed directing others
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.00,0:07:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not out of the pleasure of being looked at;
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.00,0:07:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were there because they had no choice,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.00,0:07:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they were driven to do what they thought was right.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.00,0:07:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now I think at this point it's important for me to say
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.00,0:07:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I actually love extroverts.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.00,0:07:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I always like to say some of my best friends are extroverts,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.00,0:07:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including my beloved husband.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.00,0:07:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we all fall at different points, of course,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.00,0:07:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,along the introvert/extrovert spectrum.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.00,0:07:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even Carl Jung, the psychologist who first popularized these terms, said
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.00,0:07:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there's no such thing as a pure introvert
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.00,0:07:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or a pure extrovert.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.00,0:07:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said that such a man would be in a lunatic asylum,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.00,0:07:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if he existed at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.00,0:07:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And some people fall smack in the middle
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.00,0:07:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the introvert/extrovert spectrum,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.00,0:07:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we call these people ambiverts.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.00,0:07:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I often think that they have the best of all worlds.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.00,0:07:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But many of us do recognize ourselves as one type or the other.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.00,0:07:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what I'm saying is that culturally we need a much better balance.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.00,0:07:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need more of a yin and yang
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.00,0:08:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between these two types.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.00,0:08:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is especially important
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.00,0:08:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it comes to creativity and to productivity,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.00,0:08:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because when psychologists look
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.00,0:08:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the lives of the most creative people,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.00,0:08:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what they find
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.00,0:08:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are people who are very good at exchanging ideas
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.00,0:08:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and advancing ideas,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.00,0:08:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but who also have a serious streak of introversion in them.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.00,0:08:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is because solitude is a crucial ingredient often
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.00,0:08:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to creativity.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.00,0:08:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Darwin,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.00,0:08:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he took long walks alone in the woods
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.00,0:08:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and emphatically turned down dinner party invitations.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.00,0:08:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Theodor Geisel, better known as Dr. Seuss,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.00,0:08:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he dreamed up many of his amazing creations
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.00,0:08:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a lonely bell tower office that he had
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.00,0:08:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the back of his house in La Jolla, California.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.00,0:08:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he was actually afraid to meet
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.00,0:08:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the young children who read his books
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.00,0:08:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for fear that they were expecting him
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.00,0:08:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this kind of jolly Santa Claus-like figure
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.00,0:08:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and would be disappointed with his more reserved persona.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.00,0:08:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Steve Wozniak invented the first Apple computer
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.00,0:08:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sitting alone in his cubical
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.00,0:08:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Hewlett-Packard where he was working at the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.00,0:09:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he says that he never would have become such an expert in the first place
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.00,0:09:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had he not been too introverted to leave the house
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.00,0:09:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when he was growing up.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.00,0:09:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now of course,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.00,0:09:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this does not mean that we should all stop collaborating --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.00,0:09:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and case in point, is Steve Wozniak famously coming together with Steve Jobs
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.00,0:09:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to start Apple Computer --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.00,0:09:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it does mean that solitude matters
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.00,0:09:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that for some people
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.00,0:09:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is the air that they breathe.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.00,0:09:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in fact, we have known for centuries
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.00,0:09:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the transcendent power of solitude.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.00,0:09:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's only recently that we've strangely begun to forget it.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.00,0:09:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you look at most of the world's major religions,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.00,0:09:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you will find seekers --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.00,0:09:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Moses, Jesus, Buddha, Muhammad --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.00,0:09:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,seekers who are going off by themselves
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.00,0:09:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,alone to the wilderness
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.00,0:09:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where they then have profound epiphanies and revelations
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.00,0:09:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they then bring back to the rest of the community.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.00,0:09:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So no wilderness, no revelations.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.00,0:09:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is no surprise though
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.00,0:09:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you look at the insights of contemporary psychology.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.00,0:10:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It turns out that we can't even be in a group of people
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.00,0:10:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without instinctively mirroring, mimicking their opinions.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.00,0:10:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even about seemingly personal and visceral things
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.00,0:10:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like who you're attracted to,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.00,0:10:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you will start aping the beliefs of the people around you
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.00,0:10:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without even realizing that that's what you're doing.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.00,0:10:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And groups famously follow the opinions
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.00,0:10:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the most dominant or charismatic person in the room,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.00,0:10:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though there's zero correlation
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.00,0:10:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between being the best talker and having the best ideas --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.00,0:10:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean zero.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.00,0:10:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So ...
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.00,0:10:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.00,0:10:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You might be following the person with the best ideas,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.00,0:10:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you might not.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.00,0:10:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And do you really want to leave it up to chance?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.00,0:10:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Much better for everybody to go off by themselves,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.00,0:10:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,generate their own ideas
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.00,0:10:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,freed from the distortions of group dynamics,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.00,0:10:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then come together as a team
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.00,0:10:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to talk them through in a well-managed environment
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.00,0:10:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and take it from there.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.00,0:10:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now if all this is true,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.00,0:10:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then why are we getting it so wrong?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.00,0:10:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why are we setting up our schools this way and our workplaces?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.00,0:11:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And why are we making these introverts feel so guilty
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.00,0:11:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about wanting to just go off by themselves some of the time?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.00,0:11:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One answer lies deep in our cultural history.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.00,0:11:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Western societies,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.00,0:11:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in particular the U.S.,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.00,0:11:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have always favored the man of action
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.00,0:11:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over the man of contemplation
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.00,0:11:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and "man" of contemplation.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.00,0:11:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in America's early days,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.00,0:11:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we lived in what historians call a culture of character,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.00,0:11:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we still, at that point, valued people
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.00,0:11:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for their inner selves and their moral rectitude.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.00,0:11:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you look at the self-help books from this era,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.00,0:11:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they all had titles with things like
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.00,0:11:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Character, the Grandest Thing in the World."
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.00,0:11:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they featured role models like Abraham Lincoln
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.00,0:11:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who was praised for being modest and unassuming.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.00,0:11:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ralph Waldo Emerson called him
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.00,0:11:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"A man who does not offend by superiority."
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.00,0:11:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But then we hit the 20th century
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.00,0:11:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we entered a new culture
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.00,0:11:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that historians call the culture of personality.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.00,0:11:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happened is we had evolved an agricultural economy
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.00,0:11:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a world of big business.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.00,0:12:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so suddenly people are moving
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.00,0:12:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from small towns to the cities.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.00,0:12:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And instead of working alongside people they've known all their lives,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.00,0:12:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now they are having to prove themselves
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.00,0:12:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a crowd of strangers.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:09.00,0:12:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, quite understandably,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.00,0:12:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,qualities like magnetism and charisma
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.00,0:12:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,suddenly come to seem really important.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.00,0:12:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And sure enough, the self-help books change to meet these new needs
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.00,0:12:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they start to have names
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.00,0:12:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like "How to Win Friends and Influence People."
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.00,0:12:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they feature as their role models
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.00,0:12:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really great salesmen.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.00,0:12:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's the world we're living in today.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.00,0:12:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's our cultural inheritance.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.00,0:12:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now none of this is to say
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.00,0:12:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that social skills are unimportant,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.00,0:12:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm also not calling
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.00,0:12:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the abolishing of teamwork at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.00,0:12:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The same religions who send their sages off to lonely mountain tops
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.00,0:12:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also teach us love and trust.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.00,0:12:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the problems that we are facing today
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.00,0:12:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in fields like science and in economics
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.00,0:12:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are so vast and so complex
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.00,0:12:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we are going to need armies of people coming together
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.00,0:12:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to solve them working together.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.00,0:13:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I am saying that the more freedom that we give introverts to be themselves,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.00,0:13:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the more likely that they are
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.00,0:13:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to come up with their own unique solutions to these problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.00,0:13:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So now I'd like to share with you
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.00,0:13:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what's in my suitcase today.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.00,0:13:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Guess what?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.00,0:13:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Books.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.00,0:13:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have a suitcase full of books.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.00,0:13:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's Margaret Atwood, "Cat's Eye."
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.00,0:13:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's a novel by Milan Kundera.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.00,0:13:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here's "The Guide for the Perplexed"
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.00,0:13:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by Maimonides.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:34.00,0:13:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But these are not exactly my books.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.00,0:13:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I brought these books with me
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.00,0:13:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they were written by my grandfather's favorite authors.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.00,0:13:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My grandfather was a rabbi
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.00,0:13:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he was a widower
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.00,0:13:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who lived alone in a small apartment in Brooklyn
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.00,0:13:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was my favorite place in the world when I was growing up,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.00,0:13:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,partly because it was filled with his very gentle, very courtly presence
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.00,0:13:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and partly because it was filled with books.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:59.00,0:14:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean literally every table, every chair in this apartment
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.00,0:14:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had yielded its original function
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.00,0:14:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to now serve as a surface for swaying stacks of books.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:07.00,0:14:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just like the rest of my family,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.00,0:14:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my grandfather's favorite thing to do in the whole world was to read.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.00,0:14:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But he also loved his congregation,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:15.00,0:14:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you could feel this love in the sermons that he gave
Dialogue: 0,0:14:18.00,0:14:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every week for the 62 years that he was a rabbi.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.00,0:14:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He would takes the fruits of each week's reading
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.00,0:14:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he would weave these intricate tapestries of ancient and humanist thought.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.00,0:14:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And people would come from all over
Dialogue: 0,0:14:30.00,0:14:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to hear him speak.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:32.00,0:14:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But here's the thing about my grandfather.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.00,0:14:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Underneath this ceremonial role,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.00,0:14:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he was really modest and really introverted --
Dialogue: 0,0:14:40.00,0:14:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so much so that when he delivered these sermons,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.00,0:14:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he had trouble making eye contact
Dialogue: 0,0:14:45.00,0:14:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the very same congregation
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.00,0:14:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that he had been speaking to for 62 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:49.00,0:14:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And even away from the podium,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:51.00,0:14:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you called him to say hello,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.00,0:14:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he would often end the conversation prematurely
Dialogue: 0,0:14:55.00,0:14:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for fear that he was taking up too much of your time.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.00,0:15:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when he died at the age of 94,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:02.00,0:15:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the police had to close down the streets of his neighborhood
Dialogue: 0,0:15:05.00,0:15:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to accommodate the crowd of people
Dialogue: 0,0:15:07.00,0:15:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who came out to mourn him.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:11.00,0:15:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so these days I try to learn from my grandfather's example
Dialogue: 0,0:15:14.00,0:15:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in my own way.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:16.00,0:15:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I just published a book about introversion,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:19.00,0:15:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it took me about seven years to write.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:21.00,0:15:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And for me, that seven years was like total bliss,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:24.00,0:15:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I was reading, I was writing,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:27.00,0:15:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was thinking, I was researching.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:29.00,0:15:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was my version
Dialogue: 0,0:15:31.00,0:15:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of my grandfather's hours of the day alone in his library.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:34.00,0:15:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But now all of a sudden my job is very different,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:37.00,0:15:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and my job is to be out here talking about it,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:40.00,0:15:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,talking about introversion.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:43.00,0:15:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.00,0:15:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's a lot harder for me,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:49.00,0:15:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because as honored as I am
Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.00,0:15:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be here with all of you right now,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:53.00,0:15:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is not my natural milieu.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:56.00,0:15:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I prepared for moments like these
Dialogue: 0,0:15:58.00,0:16:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as best I could.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:00.00,0:16:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I spent the last year practicing public speaking
Dialogue: 0,0:16:02.00,0:16:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every chance I could get.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:04.00,0:16:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I call this my "year of speaking dangerously."
Dialogue: 0,0:16:07.00,0:16:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:16:09.00,0:16:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that actually helped a lot.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:11.00,0:16:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I'll tell you, what helps even more
Dialogue: 0,0:16:13.00,0:16:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is my sense, my belief, my hope
Dialogue: 0,0:16:16.00,0:16:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that when it comes to our attitudes
Dialogue: 0,0:16:18.00,0:16:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to introversion and to quiet and to solitude,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:20.00,0:16:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we truly are poised on the brink on dramatic change.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:22.00,0:16:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, we are.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:24.00,0:16:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so I am going to leave you now
Dialogue: 0,0:16:26.00,0:16:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with three calls for action
Dialogue: 0,0:16:28.00,0:16:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for those who share this vision.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:30.00,0:16:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Number one:
Dialogue: 0,0:16:32.00,0:16:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stop the madness for constant group work.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:34.00,0:16:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just stop it.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:36.00,0:16:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:16:39.00,0:16:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:41.00,0:16:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:16:43.00,0:16:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I want to be clear about what I'm saying,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:45.00,0:16:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I deeply believe our offices
Dialogue: 0,0:16:47.00,0:16:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,should be encouraging
Dialogue: 0,0:16:49.00,0:16:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,casual, chatty cafe-style types of interactions --
Dialogue: 0,0:16:51.00,0:16:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know, the kind where people come together
Dialogue: 0,0:16:53.00,0:16:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and serendipitously have an exchange of ideas.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:55.00,0:16:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is great.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:57.00,0:16:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's great for introverts and it's great for extroverts.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:59.00,0:17:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we need much more privacy and much more freedom
Dialogue: 0,0:17:01.00,0:17:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and much more autonomy at work.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:03.00,0:17:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,School, same thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:05.00,0:17:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to be teaching kids to work together, for sure,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:08.00,0:17:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we also need to be teaching them how to work on their own.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:10.00,0:17:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is especially important for extroverted children too.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:13.00,0:17:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They need to work on their own
Dialogue: 0,0:17:15.00,0:17:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because that is where deep thought comes from in part.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:17.00,0:17:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, number two: Go to the wilderness.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:20.00,0:17:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Be like Buddha, have your own revelations.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:23.00,0:17:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not saying
Dialogue: 0,0:17:25.00,0:17:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we all have to now go off and build our own cabins in the woods
Dialogue: 0,0:17:28.00,0:17:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and never talk to each other again,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:31.00,0:17:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I am saying that we could all stand to unplug
Dialogue: 0,0:17:33.00,0:17:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and get inside our own heads
Dialogue: 0,0:17:35.00,0:17:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a little more often.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:39.00,0:17:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Number three:
Dialogue: 0,0:17:42.00,0:17:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Take a good look at what's inside your own suitcase
Dialogue: 0,0:17:44.00,0:17:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and why you put it there.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:46.00,0:17:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So extroverts,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:48.00,0:17:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe your suitcases are also full of books.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:50.00,0:17:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or maybe they're full of champagne glasses
Dialogue: 0,0:17:52.00,0:17:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or skydiving equipment.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:55.00,0:17:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whatever it is, I hope you take these things out every chance you get
Dialogue: 0,0:17:59.00,0:18:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and grace us with your energy and your joy.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:02.00,0:18:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But introverts, you being you,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:05.00,0:18:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you probably have the impulse to guard very carefully
Dialogue: 0,0:18:07.00,0:18:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what's inside your own suitcase.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:09.00,0:18:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's okay.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:11.00,0:18:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But occasionally, just occasionally,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:13.00,0:18:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I hope you will open up your suitcases for other people to see,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:16.00,0:18:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the world needs you and it needs the things you carry.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:21.00,0:18:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I wish you the best of all possible journeys
Dialogue: 0,0:18:23.00,0:18:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the courage to speak softly.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:26.00,0:18:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:28.00,0:18:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:18:32.00,0:18:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you. Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:35.00,0:18:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)