1 00:00:26,754 --> 00:00:28,517 兩年前 2 00:00:28,517 --> 00:00:30,524 紐約時代雜誌對我進行了獨家報導 3 00:00:30,524 --> 00:00:32,761 標題為:多語少年大冒險 4 00:00:32,761 --> 00:00:35,841 內容關於我對學習外語 5 00:00:35,841 --> 00:00:38,253 這項特殊嗜好的熱愛 6 00:00:38,253 --> 00:00:40,265 一開始我覺得很棒 7 00:00:40,265 --> 00:00:42,457 因為語言學習這件事得到更多關注 8 00:00:42,457 --> 00:00:43,786 而且不再是 9 00:00:43,786 --> 00:00:45,751 一項孤獨的嗜好 10 00:00:45,751 --> 00:00:48,025 使我突然能和世界上的人們交流 11 00:00:48,939 --> 00:00:51,475 但當我更頻繁地出現在聚光燈下時 12 00:00:52,353 --> 00:00:54,800 媒體對於我的故事的焦點開始移轉 13 00:00:55,560 --> 00:00:58,922 雖然我比較希望談論學習語言的原因及方法 14 00:00:58,922 --> 00:01:01,559 為什麼我學習不同的外國語言及我如何學習 15 00:01:02,126 --> 00:01:04,509 但是節目最後都變成一種固定循環 16 00:01:04,509 --> 00:01:08,930 媒體想要使我的故事更令人驚奇 17 00:01:09,659 --> 00:01:11,502 所以時常出現以下類似的橋段 18 00:01:12,032 --> 00:01:14,885 嗨,在我身邊的是17歲的提姆多納 19 00:01:14,885 --> 00:01:17,050 而他能流利地說20種語言 20 00:01:17,050 --> 00:01:18,057 歐,不好意思 21 00:01:18,057 --> 00:01:20,515 事實上,他能以25種語言侮辱你 22 00:01:20,515 --> 00:01:22,573 並且精通其他10種語言 23 00:01:22,573 --> 00:01:26,237 提姆,可以請你用穆斯林語 24 00:01:26,237 --> 00:01:28,165 和我們的觀眾說聲早安以及謝謝嗎? 25 00:01:28,263 --> 00:01:30,435 (大笑) 26 00:01:32,607 --> 00:01:34,781 嗯...應該是阿拉伯語 27 00:01:36,261 --> 00:01:39,765 (阿拉伯語) 28 00:01:39,765 --> 00:01:40,924 很好,現在請你用德文 29 00:01:40,924 --> 00:01:42,460 介紹一下你自己 30 00:01:42,460 --> 00:01:44,769 並說:我精通23國語言 31 00:01:44,769 --> 00:01:46,741 這並不是事實,但... 32 00:01:46,741 --> 00:01:48,520 沒關係,你就這樣說 33 00:01:48,520 --> 00:01:57,756 (德語) 34 00:01:57,778 --> 00:01:59,141 很好 35 00:01:59,141 --> 00:02:00,758 現在可以來一段中文的繞口令嗎? 36 00:02:00,758 --> 00:02:02,250 (大笑) 37 00:02:02,250 --> 00:02:04,772 嗯...我們可以談中文 38 00:02:04,772 --> 00:02:07,470 你知道,最近很多美國人都在學中文 39 00:02:07,470 --> 00:02:08,748 我認為那有很大的價值 40 00:02:08,748 --> 00:02:10,431 不不不,只要給我們一段繞口令就好 41 00:02:10,431 --> 00:02:12,991 (大笑) 42 00:02:12,991 --> 00:02:18,754 (中文)吃葡萄不吐葡萄皮兒 不吃葡萄倒吐葡萄皮兒 43 00:02:18,754 --> 00:02:19,775 這傢伙! 44 00:02:19,775 --> 00:02:21,751 提姆,再來一段中文繞口令如何? 45 00:02:21,751 --> 00:02:23,429 如果可以,我不是很想 46 00:02:23,429 --> 00:02:25,107 但我們可以聊聊中國 47 00:02:25,107 --> 00:02:27,001 透過語言學習可以學到很多事情 48 00:02:27,001 --> 00:02:28,915 提姆,不好意思,我們時間不多 49 00:02:28,915 --> 00:02:30,528 (大笑) 50 00:02:30,528 --> 00:02:33,772 (鼓掌) 51 00:02:37,506 --> 00:02:39,087 不如請你用土耳其語 52 00:02:39,087 --> 00:02:40,668 向我們的觀眾道別 53 00:02:40,668 --> 00:02:42,249 我們就可以結束了 54 00:02:42,249 --> 00:02:44,418 但我們還沒談到任何實質的問題 55 00:02:44,437 --> 00:02:46,612 請說土耳其語 56 00:02:46,612 --> 00:02:51,767 (土耳其語) 57 00:02:51,767 --> 00:02:53,089 這孩子如何? 58 00:02:53,089 --> 00:02:54,937 不知道他是否交過女朋友 59 00:02:54,937 --> 00:02:58,502 (大笑) 60 00:02:58,502 --> 00:03:01,017 不要轉台,接下來 61 00:03:01,017 --> 00:03:03,255 一隻穿泳衣溜滑板的鬥牛犬 62 00:03:03,255 --> 00:03:05,250 (大笑) 63 00:03:05,250 --> 00:03:10,742 (鼓掌) 64 00:03:10,742 --> 00:03:13,997 所以,儘管這些經歷聽上去都十分滑稽 65 00:03:13,997 --> 00:03:16,081 還是可以在其中看出媒體關於我的報道 66 00:03:16,081 --> 00:03:17,698 存在的兩大問題 67 00:03:17,698 --> 00:03:19,074 就個人而言 68 00:03:20,164 --> 00:03:24,468 我覺得語言學習變得像是個任務 69 00:03:24,468 --> 00:03:29,364 像是某件必須被嚴格規劃執行的事 70 00:03:29,364 --> 00:03:31,421 必須被切割、合理化 71 00:03:31,421 --> 00:03:33,269 以具體的數字呈現 72 00:03:33,269 --> 00:03:34,925 我會說X種語言 73 00:03:34,925 --> 00:03:36,581 我知道Y種語言 74 00:03:36,581 --> 00:03:38,239 這和我所做的完全相反 75 00:03:38,239 --> 00:03:40,496 我只是為了好玩而學語言 76 00:03:40,519 --> 00:03:41,999 學習如何和別人交談 77 00:03:41,999 --> 00:03:43,807 學習外國文化 78 00:03:44,347 --> 00:03:47,951 另一個更重要的問題是,這低估了說一種語言 79 00:03:47,959 --> 00:03:49,235 或了解一種語言所帶來的價值 80 00:03:49,235 --> 00:03:51,641 如果今天我能透過TEDxTeen帶給你們什麼 81 00:03:51,977 --> 00:03:53,724 那就是學會一種語言 82 00:03:53,724 --> 00:03:56,675 並不只是學會字典裡的幾個單字 83 00:03:56,675 --> 00:03:58,231 也不只是可以問別人 84 00:03:58,231 --> 00:04:00,141 請問洗手間在哪裡 85 00:04:00,141 --> 00:04:01,518 或告訴別人現在幾點 86 00:04:01,998 --> 00:04:04,105 我扯遠了 87 00:04:04,945 --> 00:04:07,681 有些人可能還不知道我的故事 88 00:04:07,685 --> 00:04:10,227 可能現場很多人不知道"多語使用者"這個字 89 00:04:10,227 --> 00:04:12,046 這是一個很怪的字 90 00:04:14,496 --> 00:04:15,774 我從這裡開始 91 00:04:16,754 --> 00:04:19,736 這是我,大概2001年時的照片 92 00:04:19,736 --> 00:04:21,721 而這是我學習外語的開始 93 00:04:21,721 --> 00:04:23,656 在我學會任何外語之前 94 00:04:23,656 --> 00:04:25,417 我原本是一個童星 95 00:04:25,417 --> 00:04:28,248 我有點模仿口音的天分 96 00:04:28,248 --> 00:04:30,515 當我去面試廣播廣告 97 00:04:30,515 --> 00:04:31,762 或是試鏡電視廣告 98 00:04:31,762 --> 00:04:33,772 我會用王牌大賤諜(電影)的聲音表現 99 00:04:33,772 --> 00:04:35,778 我不會在這裡表演 100 00:04:36,738 --> 00:04:39,768 (大笑) 101 00:04:39,768 --> 00:04:41,196 或著我會學 102 00:04:41,196 --> 00:04:42,624 辛普森家族的Apu說話 103 00:04:42,624 --> 00:04:44,052 但其實有一次試鏡 104 00:04:44,052 --> 00:04:45,084 我被要求離開 105 00:04:45,084 --> 00:04:46,324 因為他們要求我 106 00:04:46,324 --> 00:04:47,331 學一個發音不清楚的小孩說話 107 00:04:47,331 --> 00:04:49,349 但我想學達斯·維達用法國腔說話 108 00:04:49,356 --> 00:04:53,496 (大笑) 109 00:04:53,496 --> 00:04:55,919 但這些使我學會 110 00:04:55,919 --> 00:04:57,895 分解聲音的基本方法 111 00:04:57,895 --> 00:04:59,817 以及如何模仿外國口音 112 00:04:59,817 --> 00:05:01,292 或是不同外語的語言模式 113 00:05:01,292 --> 00:05:02,769 並且真正融會貫通 114 00:05:02,769 --> 00:05:04,587 我們把時間往後推一點 115 00:05:05,245 --> 00:05:06,769 在國小三年級時 116 00:05:06,769 --> 00:05:08,750 我開始學習法語 117 00:05:08,750 --> 00:05:10,255 但六個月、一年過去 118 00:05:10,255 --> 00:05:11,760 甚至兩年過去 119 00:05:11,760 --> 00:05:13,265 我仍然無法跟任何人交談 120 00:05:13,265 --> 00:05:14,762 法語只是學校裡的一個科目 121 00:05:14,762 --> 00:05:16,943 即使我可以告訴你一些單字 122 00:05:16,943 --> 00:05:19,255 像是眼球、膝蓋骨、鞋帶 123 00:05:19,509 --> 00:05:22,522 但我無法順暢地和任何人對話 124 00:05:23,522 --> 00:05:25,510 時間再往後推一點 125 00:05:25,510 --> 00:05:27,010 七年級時,我開始學習拉丁文 126 00:05:27,010 --> 00:05:29,016 當然,拉丁文已經是一種死掉的語言 127 00:05:29,016 --> 00:05:31,107 但透過學習拉丁文 128 00:05:31,107 --> 00:05:32,351 能夠學習如何分解語言 129 00:05:32,351 --> 00:05:33,753 將語言視為一個有規則的系統 130 00:05:33,753 --> 00:05:36,128 像是拼圖的一部分 131 00:05:36,128 --> 00:05:37,270 那很棒 132 00:05:37,270 --> 00:05:39,621 但我仍然不覺得我喜歡學習外語 133 00:05:40,493 --> 00:05:42,508 再把時間往後推一點 134 00:05:42,508 --> 00:05:43,515 大概13歲時 135 00:05:43,515 --> 00:05:45,016 我對於以巴衝突 136 00:05:45,016 --> 00:05:46,517 產生很大的興趣 137 00:05:46,517 --> 00:05:48,018 我開始學習希伯來語 138 00:05:48,018 --> 00:05:49,499 當時我完全不知道怎麼做 139 00:05:49,499 --> 00:05:51,747 也不知道應該做什麼 140 00:05:51,747 --> 00:05:54,478 所以我聽很多饒舌音樂 141 00:05:54,478 --> 00:05:57,011 我把歌詞記住並跟著唱 142 00:05:57,011 --> 00:05:59,259 然後我試著跟母語人士聊天 143 00:05:59,259 --> 00:06:01,261 一週一次或一個月一次 144 00:06:01,261 --> 00:06:03,600 漸漸地我發現 145 00:06:03,006 --> 00:06:04,751 我開始懂得越來越多 146 00:06:04,751 --> 00:06:06,497 我聽起來不像母語人士 147 00:06:06,497 --> 00:06:08,756 我發音沒有很好 148 00:06:08,756 --> 00:06:10,462 我完全不知道文法 149 00:06:10,462 --> 00:06:13,276 但我做到在學校課堂無法學到的 150 00:06:13,276 --> 00:06:14,998 我完全靠我自己 151 00:06:14,998 --> 00:06:16,199 學會了一個語言的基礎用法 152 00:06:16,768 --> 00:06:18,044 時間往後 153 00:06:18,520 --> 00:06:20,272 我在14歲時開始學阿拉伯語 154 00:06:20,272 --> 00:06:22,024 那是在我九年級的一個夏令營 155 00:06:22,024 --> 00:06:23,776 2010年的夏天 156 00:06:23,776 --> 00:06:25,513 一個月後我發現我可以讀跟寫 157 00:06:25,513 --> 00:06:26,550 完全沒有問題 158 00:06:26,550 --> 00:06:28,230 我學會了官方語言的基礎用法 159 00:06:28,230 --> 00:06:30,230 以及一個主要方言 160 00:06:30,230 --> 00:06:33,700 我開始意識到我可以 將學習外語當作一個嗜好 161 00:06:34,776 --> 00:06:39,515 時間來到2011年3月24號 162 00:06:39,515 --> 00:06:41,241 我一直有嚴重的失眠 163 00:06:41,241 --> 00:06:42,897 而當我學習更多外語 164 00:06:42,897 --> 00:06:45,871 不論使用文法書或看電視 165 00:06:45,871 --> 00:06:49,470 可以說學習阿語及希伯來語 變成我集中利用時間的一種方法 166 00:06:50,425 --> 00:06:56,026 那天晚上,直到三更半夜我仍然醒著 167 00:06:56,026 --> 00:06:58,738 我錄下自己說阿拉伯語的影片 168 00:06:58,738 --> 00:06:59,754 加上字幕 169 00:06:59,754 --> 00:07:01,263 並上傳到YouTube 170 00:07:01,263 --> 00:07:02,998 標題是:提姆說阿拉伯語 171 00:07:02,998 --> 00:07:05,037 (阿拉伯語) 172 00:07:05,037 --> 00:07:06,513 隔天我做了同樣的事 173 00:07:06,513 --> 00:07:07,520 (希伯來語) 174 00:07:07,520 --> 00:07:08,757 提姆說希伯來語 175 00:07:08,757 --> 00:07:11,747 我得到的回應超棒 176 00:07:11,747 --> 00:07:12,746 像是 177 00:07:12,746 --> 00:07:14,849 "哇,我從來沒看過美國人說阿拉伯語" 178 00:07:14,849 --> 00:07:19,980 (大笑) 179 00:07:19,980 --> 00:07:21,808 你怪他們嗎? 180 00:07:22,688 --> 00:07:24,263 其他像是 181 00:07:24,263 --> 00:07:27,013 "哇,或許你應該更正這裡的母音" 182 00:07:27,013 --> 00:07:29,231 或是"或許這個字應該這樣說" 183 00:07:29,231 --> 00:07:30,811 所以學習語言 184 00:07:30,811 --> 00:07:32,391 從生硬的書本 185 00:07:32,391 --> 00:07:33,973 或是我的電腦螢幕 186 00:07:33,973 --> 00:07:35,097 到達了寬闊的世界 187 00:07:35,962 --> 00:07:37,499 然後我就開始著迷了 188 00:07:37,499 --> 00:07:40,525 我找了一群可以交流的人 189 00:07:40,525 --> 00:07:43,247 基本上一個老師或幾個對話夥伴 190 00:07:43,247 --> 00:07:45,231 使我可以學習任何我想學的語言 191 00:07:45,231 --> 00:07:47,110 很快的讓你們看一下影片 192 00:07:47,946 --> 00:07:54,140 影片:(阿語)我學了阿語大約六個月 193 00:07:54,140 --> 00:07:57,124 大約開始於...一、二、三、四... 194 00:07:58,674 --> 00:08:00,110 大概四天前 195 00:08:00,751 --> 00:08:06,089 其實我覺得阿拉伯語的讀寫比較簡單 196 00:08:06,568 --> 00:08:10,415 我真的覺得奧傑布瓦語很難 197 00:08:10,415 --> 00:08:14,536 但當我前天回家 198 00:08:14,536 --> 00:08:18,145 我的發音如何?感謝你們 199 00:08:18,905 --> 00:08:21,750 祝你們有美好的一天,拜拜! 200 00:08:24,014 --> 00:08:28,754 (鼓掌) 201 00:08:28,754 --> 00:08:29,909 那變成我 202 00:08:29,909 --> 00:08:31,268 和世界連結的一種方式 203 00:08:31,268 --> 00:08:32,713 但當我在學這些語言時 204 00:08:32,713 --> 00:08:34,203 我遇到幾個障礙 205 00:08:34,203 --> 00:08:36,055 第一,我不知道如何自學 206 00:08:36,055 --> 00:08:38,248 事實上,我相信大多數人如果被要求 207 00:08:38,248 --> 00:08:39,890 必須在下個月前學會普什圖語 208 00:08:39,890 --> 00:08:41,315 很多人都不知道該怎麼辦 209 00:08:41,355 --> 00:08:42,914 所以我做了各種嘗試 210 00:08:44,254 --> 00:08:45,618 這是其中一種 211 00:08:45,618 --> 00:08:48,604 在拉丁文課中,我讀到了希賽羅的一段描述 212 00:08:48,605 --> 00:08:50,520 叫做:位置記憶法 213 00:08:50,520 --> 00:08:51,762 嚴格來說,Loci其實應該是Locurum 214 00:08:51,762 --> 00:08:55,244 這是一種幫助記憶的方法 215 00:08:55,244 --> 00:08:56,455 假設你想要學 216 00:08:56,455 --> 00:08:58,018 清單上的10個單字 217 00:08:58,018 --> 00:08:59,142 你從清單上選出他們 218 00:08:59,142 --> 00:09:00,504 但不要一個一個背誦他們 219 00:09:00,504 --> 00:09:02,418 而是把他們和你空間記憶結合 220 00:09:02,418 --> 00:09:04,035 我的意思是 221 00:09:04,035 --> 00:09:05,763 這裡是聯合廣場 222 00:09:05,763 --> 00:09:06,763 我每天都會去那裡 223 00:09:06,763 --> 00:09:07,650 即使我閉上眼睛 224 00:09:07,650 --> 00:09:10,169 我也能非常清楚的想像它的樣子 225 00:09:10,169 --> 00:09:12,743 我想像自己走在聯合廣場 226 00:09:12,743 --> 00:09:15,013 我心裡在每個位置有一個設定 227 00:09:15,013 --> 00:09:17,256 把一個動詞和地點做連結 228 00:09:19,076 --> 00:09:20,280 我現在示範一下 229 00:09:20,280 --> 00:09:21,926 我走在公園的主道上 230 00:09:21,926 --> 00:09:23,472 在日文"走"是"iku" 231 00:09:23,472 --> 00:09:25,520 我再往前走一點,右轉 232 00:09:25,520 --> 00:09:27,772 坐在我可以"suwaru(坐)"的階梯上 233 00:09:27,772 --> 00:09:30,026 階梯的正北方是喬治華盛頓的雕像 234 00:09:30,026 --> 00:09:31,350 我以前以為那是一個噴水池 235 00:09:31,350 --> 00:09:33,230 所以就是"nomu","喝" 236 00:09:33,230 --> 00:09:35,785 就在旁邊有一棵你可以"kiru,砍"的樹 237 00:09:35,785 --> 00:09:37,264 如果你想去北邊的巴諾書店 238 00:09:37,264 --> 00:09:39,041 你可以在那邊"yomu,閱讀" 239 00:09:39,041 --> 00:09:41,520 或著如果我餓了,想去我最喜歡的Falafel Place 240 00:09:41,520 --> 00:09:45,480 我可以往西走一個街區,我就可以"taberu,吃" 241 00:09:45,480 --> 00:09:46,529 我少了一個 242 00:09:46,529 --> 00:09:48,817 好,所以10個我記得8個,還不錯! 243 00:09:49,516 --> 00:09:51,216 因此我發現大多數時間 244 00:09:51,216 --> 00:09:53,359 運用這樣的方式記憶 245 00:09:53,359 --> 00:09:55,850 使得學習語言變成一個比較雙向的經驗 246 00:09:55,861 --> 00:09:57,794 這使得我可以更容易記住 247 00:09:57,794 --> 00:09:59,255 而且我覺得很好玩 248 00:09:59,255 --> 00:10:00,626 或許這不是適合你的方法 249 00:10:00,626 --> 00:10:01,806 我還有另一個方法 250 00:10:02,746 --> 00:10:03,971 很多人常問我 251 00:10:03,971 --> 00:10:05,757 像你同時學這麼多種語言 252 00:10:05,757 --> 00:10:07,047 你都不會搞混嗎? 253 00:10:07,047 --> 00:10:08,544 或是你怎麼有辦法記住這麼多單字? 254 00:10:08,544 --> 00:10:09,946 我學了西班牙語的桌子 255 00:10:09,946 --> 00:10:11,678 然後書這個字我就忘記了 256 00:10:12,190 --> 00:10:14,040 但我會想辦法把它們連結起來 257 00:10:14,040 --> 00:10:15,689 例如 258 00:10:16,289 --> 00:10:18,040 拿印尼語的這些字做例子 259 00:10:18,040 --> 00:10:20,244 這些是我初學的50個字中的幾個 260 00:10:20,244 --> 00:10:21,768 "Kepala", "Kabar", "Kantor". 261 00:10:21,768 --> 00:10:23,749 就字彙本身而言他們沒有任何關係 262 00:10:23,749 --> 00:10:24,771 "Kepala"是頭 263 00:10:24,771 --> 00:10:25,773 "Kabar"是新聞 264 00:10:25,773 --> 00:10:27,256 "Kantor"是辦公室 265 00:10:27,256 --> 00:10:30,267 但他們聽起來很像,"K","A",對吧? 266 00:10:30,267 --> 00:10:31,282 所以我會這樣做 267 00:10:31,282 --> 00:10:34,756 我會把聽起來很像的單字放在一起記 268 00:10:34,756 --> 00:10:36,511 所以如果我聽到"Kepala" 269 00:10:36,511 --> 00:10:38,177 我就會自動想到"Kebar"和"Kentor" 270 00:10:38,670 --> 00:10:41,373 阿拉伯語也是,"Iktissad", "Istiklal", "Sokot" 271 00:10:41,510 --> 00:10:42,759 這是三個沒有關係的字 272 00:10:42,759 --> 00:10:45,242 一個是經濟,一個是獨立,一個是倒台 273 00:10:45,242 --> 00:10:47,272 但我聽到其中一個,我會想到... 274 00:10:47,272 --> 00:10:51,262 (大笑) 275 00:10:51,262 --> 00:10:53,014 我會聯想到其他兩個字 276 00:10:53,494 --> 00:10:54,536 希伯來語也一樣 277 00:10:54,536 --> 00:10:56,011 (希伯來語) 278 00:10:56,011 --> 00:10:58,516 即使他們的意思分別是"返回""記得"和"發光" 279 00:10:58,516 --> 00:11:01,006 或是像波斯語裡幾個聲音像,意思也相關的字 280 00:11:01,006 --> 00:11:02,291 假如我聽到"Pedar" 281 00:11:02,291 --> 00:11:03,270 意思是父親 282 00:11:03,270 --> 00:11:04,659 我自然會想到其他幾個字 283 00:11:04,659 --> 00:11:06,513 "Mada", "Barodar", "Dokhtar" 284 00:11:06,513 --> 00:11:08,509 母親、兄弟、女兒 285 00:11:08,509 --> 00:11:10,268 所以這是另一種方法 286 00:11:10,268 --> 00:11:13,014 並不是說這樣會使你精通一個語言 287 00:11:13,014 --> 00:11:16,396 但這是我克服困難的方法之一 288 00:11:16,715 --> 00:11:17,917 你可能很疑惑 289 00:11:18,657 --> 00:11:20,089 這樣做的意義在哪裡 290 00:11:20,859 --> 00:11:22,932 為什麼要學普什圖語或奧傑布瓦語 291 00:11:22,932 --> 00:11:24,344 如果你住在紐約的話 292 00:11:24,344 --> 00:11:26,529 但我覺得是有意義的 293 00:11:27,165 --> 00:11:28,942 事實上,我生在紐約長在紐約 294 00:11:28,942 --> 00:11:30,647 而我總是驚訝於一天之內 295 00:11:30,657 --> 00:11:32,534 可以聽到多種不同的語言 296 00:11:32,534 --> 00:11:33,353 走在路上 297 00:11:33,353 --> 00:11:36,272 我可以看到中文及西班牙的招牌 298 00:11:36,272 --> 00:11:39,042 我看到俄文書店、印度餐廳、土耳其浴 299 00:11:39,042 --> 00:11:41,230 語言多樣性在此匯聚 300 00:11:41,230 --> 00:11:42,838 可是主流美國文化 301 00:11:42,838 --> 00:11:44,856 卻仍然是單一語言的 302 00:11:44,856 --> 00:11:46,054 如果你覺得這不是真的 303 00:11:46,054 --> 00:11:49,515 去看看人們對可口可樂超級盃影片的反應 304 00:11:51,015 --> 00:11:55,264 所以當我花更多時間學習語言 305 00:11:55,264 --> 00:11:56,428 我發現在紐約,我的社區裡 306 00:11:56,428 --> 00:11:57,592 有一群學習者 307 00:11:57,592 --> 00:11:58,758 我到更外面的城市 308 00:11:58,758 --> 00:12:01,782 因為我缺乏更精確的單字,我讓自己丟臉 309 00:12:01,782 --> 00:12:03,501 我試著每天都和人們說話 310 00:12:03,501 --> 00:12:05,081 學習從他們的角度看事情 311 00:12:05,081 --> 00:12:06,661 並運用我學到的新技巧 312 00:12:06,661 --> 00:12:08,589 影片:(俄語)請問你的名字是? 313 00:12:08,599 --> 00:12:10,938 Natan. - 你好 314 00:12:10,938 --> 00:12:11,984 你叫什麼名字? 315 00:12:11,984 --> 00:12:13,770 我叫Tim 316 00:12:14,150 --> 00:12:15,611 很高興認識你 317 00:12:15,611 --> 00:12:17,099 我也很高興認識你們 318 00:12:17,099 --> 00:12:17,897 你從哪裡來? 319 00:12:18,097 --> 00:12:20,135 (烏爾都語)這本書的作者是 320 00:12:20,135 --> 00:12:22,251 Qudrat Ullah Shahab他自己 321 00:12:23,735 --> 00:12:24,905 什麼是"nawist"? 322 00:12:25,625 --> 00:12:28,795 意思是書是作者寫的 323 00:12:31,375 --> 00:12:32,766 喔,Khod-Nawist (自我書寫) 324 00:12:32,766 --> 00:12:34,248 波斯語是khod-nevashtan 325 00:12:34,248 --> 00:12:36,239 所以或許你必須用很多英語 326 00:12:36,239 --> 00:12:37,440 或許你並不是真的 327 00:12:37,440 --> 00:12:39,276 對你們的談話內容有興趣 328 00:12:39,276 --> 00:12:40,211 但重點是你到了那裡 329 00:12:40,211 --> 00:12:41,582 而且你沉浸在那個語言裡 330 00:12:41,582 --> 00:12:42,758 我烏爾都語說得不好 331 00:12:42,758 --> 00:12:44,489 而且那是一段奇怪的對話 332 00:12:44,489 --> 00:12:47,737 但從那裡我學到一個新字:"Khod-Nawist" 333 00:12:47,877 --> 00:12:49,637 我一定不會忘記這個字 334 00:12:50,257 --> 00:12:52,840 接著你可能又想問 335 00:12:52,840 --> 00:12:55,173 這麼做的意義到底在哪? 336 00:12:55,173 --> 00:12:56,912 我試著向人們解釋 337 00:12:56,912 --> 00:12:58,494 我各種不同的動機 338 00:12:58,494 --> 00:13:00,741 但我覺得曼德拉的這句話 339 00:13:00,741 --> 00:13:02,281 是最好的解釋 340 00:13:02,281 --> 00:13:04,062 如果你用對方聽得懂的語言與他交談 341 00:13:04,062 --> 00:13:05,509 他會記在腦裡 342 00:13:05,509 --> 00:13:07,114 如果你用對方的語言與他交談 343 00:13:07,419 --> 00:13:09,065 他會記在心裡 344 00:13:09,065 --> 00:13:10,711 所以我發現 345 00:13:10,711 --> 00:13:13,907 語言與文化間有著強烈連結 346 00:13:13,938 --> 00:13:15,520 語言與思想間也是 347 00:13:15,520 --> 00:13:19,015 而且坦白說,如果你想學波斯語 348 00:13:19,015 --> 00:13:21,051 你可以查字典,然後說:我知道怎麼說謝謝 349 00:13:21,051 --> 00:13:22,521 我知道怎麼說這個多少錢? 350 00:13:22,521 --> 00:13:23,643 我知道怎麼說再見 351 00:13:23,643 --> 00:13:25,183 歐,我會說波斯語! 352 00:13:25,183 --> 00:13:26,723 那可能不正確 353 00:13:26,723 --> 00:13:28,265 我們來看實際狀況是怎樣 354 00:13:28,265 --> 00:13:30,762 事實上,如果你在一間波斯書店買東西 355 00:13:30,762 --> 00:13:32,757 當你問人:這個多少錢? 356 00:13:32,757 --> 00:13:35,013 一般來說,他會回答 357 00:13:35,013 --> 00:13:36,223 "Ghabeli nadaareh." 358 00:13:36,223 --> 00:13:38,936 意思是:這一文不值 359 00:13:38,936 --> 00:13:42,535 這是一個根深柢固的文化習慣叫做"Taaraf" 360 00:13:42,780 --> 00:13:44,749 當兩個人在交談時 361 00:13:44,749 --> 00:13:47,220 兩個人都想表現得比對方謙虛 362 00:13:47,220 --> 00:13:48,274 所以如果我去買一本書 363 00:13:48,274 --> 00:13:50,506 店員跟我說:這五塊錢。這樣是很沒禮貌的 364 00:13:50,506 --> 00:13:52,263 他必須說:這一文不值,真的 365 00:13:52,263 --> 00:13:54,227 你長得很好看,你是個天才 366 00:13:54,227 --> 00:13:55,486 你如何如何 367 00:13:55,995 --> 00:13:58,004 這是免費的,我很謙虛,不用錢 368 00:13:58,004 --> 00:14:00,767 (大笑) 369 00:14:00,767 --> 00:14:04,276 或著你可能會聽到類似這樣的慣用語 370 00:14:04,276 --> 00:14:05,782 如果你想要謝謝某個人 371 00:14:05,782 --> 00:14:07,489 如果你想對某人表達你的謝意 372 00:14:07,489 --> 00:14:08,770 或說:很高興認識你 373 00:14:08,770 --> 00:14:10,510 我可以說,我知道怎麼說波斯語的謝謝 374 00:14:10,510 --> 00:14:12,025 我會說波斯語 375 00:14:12,025 --> 00:14:13,225 但那可能還不夠 376 00:14:13,225 --> 00:14:15,506 其實我在跟伊朗人說話時 很常聽到這個慣用語 377 00:14:15,506 --> 00:14:16,962 "Ghorbanet beram." 378 00:14:16,962 --> 00:14:18,480 字面上的意思是 379 00:14:18,480 --> 00:14:22,770 我可以為你犧牲我的生命 380 00:14:22,770 --> 00:14:24,771 所以,又一次,這是一種說話的藝術 381 00:14:24,771 --> 00:14:26,723 你可以說他們講話很誇張 382 00:14:27,833 --> 00:14:31,598 但這是只有在了解一個文化後才會知道的 383 00:14:34,263 --> 00:14:36,256 因為,想想看,英文裡也常有這種情況 384 00:14:36,256 --> 00:14:37,766 如果你問一個人'how are you?'(你好嗎) 385 00:14:37,766 --> 00:14:39,271 你期待聽到什麼回應? 386 00:14:39,271 --> 00:14:40,269 'I'm fine'(我很好) 387 00:14:40,269 --> 00:14:41,735 如果你告訴我其他事情,我也沒興趣 388 00:14:41,735 --> 00:14:42,756 (大笑) 389 00:14:42,756 --> 00:14:43,775 但無論如何我們就是會這樣做 390 00:14:43,775 --> 00:14:44,767 我們說'bless you' 391 00:14:44,767 --> 00:14:47,060 即使現在這句話已經沒有宗教上的意義 392 00:14:47,060 --> 00:14:48,263 而是對一個打噴嚏的人說的 393 00:14:48,263 --> 00:14:52,510 對吧?所以 394 00:14:52,510 --> 00:14:54,123 這使得一件事變得很有趣 395 00:14:54,123 --> 00:14:55,533 那就是多數語言學家認為 396 00:14:55,533 --> 00:14:58,501 語言本身並不會影響一個人思考的方式 397 00:14:58,501 --> 00:15:01,234 對吧,沒有一個語言可以使你變成數學天才 398 00:15:01,234 --> 00:15:02,903 也沒有一個語言 399 00:15:02,903 --> 00:15:05,299 可以使得邏輯問題變得無法理解 400 00:15:05,299 --> 00:15:08,034 但語言與文化確實存在著關聯性 401 00:15:08,034 --> 00:15:09,308 語言可以告訴你許多 402 00:15:09,308 --> 00:15:11,604 關於一個文化的內在思想 403 00:15:11,604 --> 00:15:13,079 而事實上,在地球上 404 00:15:13,079 --> 00:15:16,228 每兩個禮拜就有一個語言消失 405 00:15:16,228 --> 00:15:17,750 再也沒有人會說那個語言 406 00:15:17,750 --> 00:15:19,774 因為戰爭,因為飢荒 407 00:15:19,774 --> 00:15:21,730 有時只是因為被同化 408 00:15:21,730 --> 00:15:23,763 因為說阿拉伯語 409 00:15:23,763 --> 00:15:26,245 比說我的家鄉話容易 410 00:15:26,245 --> 00:15:28,763 或是我來自一個亞馬遜的部落 411 00:15:28,763 --> 00:15:30,070 我的家被毀了 412 00:15:30,070 --> 00:15:32,519 對我來說,說葡萄牙語比較有用 413 00:15:32,519 --> 00:15:34,034 但我失去了我的文化 414 00:15:34,764 --> 00:15:35,774 所以想一想 415 00:15:35,774 --> 00:15:38,264 兩個月後的今天是4月1日 416 00:15:38,264 --> 00:15:39,769 對很多人來說日子很艱難 417 00:15:39,769 --> 00:15:41,274 因為要交報告 418 00:15:41,274 --> 00:15:42,780 繳房租的時間也到了 419 00:15:42,780 --> 00:15:44,265 可是對於這世界上兩個文化的繼承者們 420 00:15:44,265 --> 00:15:47,050 這意味著他們的語言末日已至 421 00:15:47,050 --> 00:15:49,745 他們的神話消失了,他們的歷史,他們的民間故事 422 00:15:49,745 --> 00:15:51,775 他們對世界的認知 423 00:15:51,775 --> 00:15:54,504 現在,你再一次複習你的西班牙語 424 00:15:54,504 --> 00:15:56,496 去上日語課 425 00:15:56,496 --> 00:15:58,788 這些並不會使語言停止消失 426 00:15:59,228 --> 00:16:02,770 但這能使你敞開心胸 427 00:16:02,770 --> 00:16:05,517 接受一個的思想,那就是,在本質上, 428 00:16:05,517 --> 00:16:08,743 語言代表著一個文化的世界觀 429 00:16:08,743 --> 00:16:11,490 而如果我可以藉由TEDxTeen 傳達什麼給你們 430 00:16:11,490 --> 00:16:13,003 那就是 431 00:16:13,003 --> 00:16:14,983 翻譯字詞雖易如反掌 432 00:16:14,983 --> 00:16:17,377 翻譯意思卻難過登天 433 00:16:17,377 --> 00:16:18,382 謝謝 434 00:16:18,382 --> 00:16:22,279 (歡呼)