1 00:00:26,754 --> 00:00:28,517 So about two years ago, 2 00:00:28,517 --> 00:00:30,524 I was featured in a New York Times article called, 3 00:00:30,524 --> 00:00:32,761 "Adventures of a teenage polyglot," 4 00:00:32,761 --> 00:00:35,841 which featured my passion for learning foreign languages, 5 00:00:35,841 --> 00:00:38,253 this peculiar hobby that I had. 6 00:00:38,253 --> 00:00:40,265 And at first I thought it was great. 7 00:00:40,265 --> 00:00:42,457 I loved the fact that language learning was getting more attention. 8 00:00:42,457 --> 00:00:43,786 I loved the fact that it wouldn't always 9 00:00:43,786 --> 00:00:45,751 seem like an isolating hobby 10 00:00:45,751 --> 00:00:47,345 that was suddenly putting me into contact with people all around the world. 11 00:00:48,939 --> 00:00:51,475 And as I spent more time in the media spotlight, 12 00:00:52,353 --> 00:00:54,800 the focus of my story began to shift. 13 00:00:55,560 --> 00:00:58,922 So whereas I've always been interested in talking about the why and the how, 14 00:00:58,922 --> 00:01:01,559 why I was learning foreign languages, how I did it, 15 00:01:02,126 --> 00:01:04,509 instead, it turned into a bit of a circus, 16 00:01:04,509 --> 00:01:08,930 in which media shows wanted to sensationalize my story. 17 00:01:09,659 --> 00:01:11,502 So it would go a little something like this, 18 00:01:12,032 --> 00:01:14,885 "Hello, I'm here today with 17-year-old Timothy Doner 19 00:01:14,885 --> 00:01:17,050 who's fluent in 20 languages. 20 00:01:17,050 --> 00:01:18,057 Oh, I'm sorry. 21 00:01:18,057 --> 00:01:20,515 He actually can insult you in 25 languages 22 00:01:20,515 --> 00:01:22,573 and he's fluent in another ten. 23 00:01:22,573 --> 00:01:26,237 Tim, how about you tell our audience Good morning 24 00:01:26,237 --> 00:01:28,769 and thank you for watching in Muslim?" 25 00:01:28,769 --> 00:01:31,759 (Laughter) 26 00:01:33,489 --> 00:01:34,781 "Er... Arabic." 27 00:01:36,261 --> 00:01:39,765 (In Arabic) 28 00:01:39,765 --> 00:01:40,924 "Great Tim. Now can we get you 29 00:01:40,924 --> 00:01:42,460 to introduce yourself and say 30 00:01:42,460 --> 00:01:44,769 I'm fluent in 23 languages in German." 31 00:01:44,769 --> 00:01:46,741 "It's not really true. But..." 32 00:01:46,741 --> 00:01:48,520 "No, no, just tell the audience." 33 00:01:48,520 --> 00:01:57,756 (In German) 34 00:01:57,778 --> 00:01:59,141 "Perfect. Now how about 35 00:01:59,141 --> 00:02:00,758 a tongue twister in Chinese? 36 00:02:00,758 --> 00:02:02,250 (Laughter) 37 00:02:02,250 --> 00:02:04,772 "Well, we could talk about Chinese, 38 00:02:04,772 --> 00:02:07,470 you know, a lot more Americans are learning Chinese these days, 39 00:02:07,470 --> 00:02:08,748 and I think there's a lot of value in that." 40 00:02:08,748 --> 00:02:10,431 "No, no, no. Just give us a tongue twister." 41 00:02:10,431 --> 00:02:12,991 (Laughter) 42 00:02:12,991 --> 00:02:18,754 (In Chinese) 43 00:02:18,754 --> 00:02:19,775 This guy! Tim, how about 44 00:02:19,775 --> 00:02:21,751 another tongue twister in Chinese?" 45 00:02:21,751 --> 00:02:23,429 "I will prefer not to, but you know 46 00:02:23,429 --> 00:02:25,107 we could talk about China. 47 00:02:25,107 --> 00:02:27,001 There's a lot you can gain by learning a language. 48 00:02:27,001 --> 00:02:28,915 "Oh Tim, I'm sorry, That's all the time we have." 49 00:02:28,915 --> 00:02:30,528 (Laughter) 50 00:02:30,528 --> 00:02:33,772 (Applause) 51 00:02:37,506 --> 00:02:39,087 "Now why don't you to tell our audience 52 00:02:39,087 --> 00:02:40,668 Goodbye in Turkish 53 00:02:40,668 --> 00:02:42,249 and we will be over here." 54 00:02:42,249 --> 00:02:44,418 "You know we haven't talk about anything substantive." 55 00:02:44,437 --> 00:02:46,612 "But Turkish please." 56 00:02:46,612 --> 00:02:51,767 (In Turkish) 57 00:02:51,767 --> 00:02:53,089 "How about that kid, right, 58 00:02:53,089 --> 00:02:54,937 wonder if he gets any girls... 59 00:02:54,937 --> 00:02:58,502 (Laughter) 60 00:02:58,502 --> 00:03:01,017 "Now stay with us because up next, 61 00:03:01,017 --> 00:03:03,255 a skateboarding bulldog in a bathing suit." 62 00:03:03,255 --> 00:03:05,250 (Laughter) 63 00:03:05,250 --> 00:03:10,742 (Applause) 64 00:03:10,742 --> 00:03:13,997 So, as funny as that was, 65 00:03:13,997 --> 00:03:16,081 it highlighted two pretty major problems 66 00:03:16,081 --> 00:03:17,698 in the way my story was covered. 67 00:03:17,698 --> 00:03:19,074 On a personal level, 68 00:03:20,164 --> 00:03:24,468 I felt that language learning was now becoming like a bit of a task, almost. 69 00:03:24,468 --> 00:03:29,364 It felt like something that was suddenly... had to be rigidly organized. 70 00:03:29,364 --> 00:03:31,421 Something that had to be compartmentalized, rationalized, 71 00:03:31,421 --> 00:03:33,269 expressed in a concrete number. 72 00:03:33,269 --> 00:03:34,925 I speak X languages. 73 00:03:34,925 --> 00:03:36,581 I know Y languages. 74 00:03:36,581 --> 00:03:38,239 As opposed to what I'd always done, 75 00:03:38,239 --> 00:03:40,496 which was just learning languages for the fun of it. 76 00:03:40,519 --> 00:03:41,999 Learning to communicate with people, 77 00:03:41,999 --> 00:03:43,807 learning about foreign cultures. 78 00:03:44,347 --> 00:03:47,951 And on a bigger level, it's cheapened what it meant to speak a language, 79 00:03:47,959 --> 00:03:49,235 or to know a language. 80 00:03:49,235 --> 00:03:51,641 Now if I can impart you with anything today at TEDxTeen, 81 00:03:51,977 --> 00:03:53,724 it's that knowing a language 82 00:03:53,724 --> 00:03:56,675 is a lot more than knowing a couple of words out of a dictionary. 83 00:03:56,675 --> 00:03:58,231 It's a lot more that being able 84 00:03:58,231 --> 00:04:00,141 to ask someone where the bathroom is, 85 00:04:00,141 --> 00:04:01,518 or telling them the time of day. 86 00:04:01,998 --> 00:04:04,105 But, I'm getting ahead of myself. 87 00:04:04,945 --> 00:04:07,681 So for those of you who aren't familiar with my story, 88 00:04:07,685 --> 00:04:10,227 maybe a lot of you here don't know what the word polyglot is, 89 00:04:10,227 --> 00:04:12,046 and it's a pretty weird one. 90 00:04:14,496 --> 00:04:15,774 I started here. 91 00:04:16,754 --> 00:04:19,736 So this little tot is me, circa 2001, 92 00:04:19,736 --> 00:04:21,721 and this is the beginning of my language learning journey. 93 00:04:21,721 --> 00:04:23,656 I actually was a child actor 94 00:04:23,656 --> 00:04:25,417 before I'd learned any languages. 95 00:04:25,417 --> 00:04:28,248 And I always had a little bit of a gift for accent. 96 00:04:28,248 --> 00:04:30,515 So I'm going to auditions for radio commercials, 97 00:04:30,515 --> 00:04:31,762 or for TV commercials, 98 00:04:31,762 --> 00:04:33,772 and I'd do an Austin Powers impression. 99 00:04:33,772 --> 00:04:35,778 I'm not going to do one now. 100 00:04:36,738 --> 00:04:39,768 (Laughter) 101 00:04:39,768 --> 00:04:41,196 Or maybe I would do 102 00:04:41,196 --> 00:04:42,624 Apu from the Simpsons. 103 00:04:42,624 --> 00:04:44,052 In fact there was actually one time an audition 104 00:04:44,052 --> 00:04:45,084 which I was asked to leave, 105 00:04:45,084 --> 00:04:46,324 because they told me to speak 106 00:04:46,324 --> 00:04:47,331 like a little kid with a lisp, 107 00:04:47,331 --> 00:04:49,349 and I wanted to do Darth Vader in a French accent. 108 00:04:49,356 --> 00:04:53,496 (Laughter) 109 00:04:53,496 --> 00:04:55,919 But, that taught me the basics of 110 00:04:55,919 --> 00:04:57,895 of how to breakdown sound. 111 00:04:57,895 --> 00:04:59,817 How to pick up a foreign accent, 112 00:04:59,817 --> 00:05:01,292 or foreign speech patterns, 113 00:05:01,292 --> 00:05:02,769 and really live with it. 114 00:05:02,769 --> 00:05:04,587 Now fast forward a little bit, 115 00:05:05,245 --> 00:05:06,769 I'm now in about third grade, 116 00:05:06,769 --> 00:05:08,750 and I've just started French for the first time. 117 00:05:08,750 --> 00:05:10,255 But six months into a year, 118 00:05:10,255 --> 00:05:11,760 into even two years later, 119 00:05:11,760 --> 00:05:13,265 I can't converse with anybody. 120 00:05:13,265 --> 00:05:14,762 French is just another subject in school, 121 00:05:14,762 --> 00:05:16,943 and even though I can tell you words 122 00:05:16,943 --> 00:05:19,255 for elbow, knee bone, shoelace. 123 00:05:19,509 --> 00:05:22,522 I couldn't really have a fluent conversation with anybody. 124 00:05:23,522 --> 00:05:25,510 Fast forward a little bit more. 125 00:05:25,510 --> 00:05:27,010 In seventh grade, I started Latin. 126 00:05:27,010 --> 00:05:29,016 So Latin of course is a dead language, 127 00:05:29,016 --> 00:05:31,107 and in learning Latin, you really learn 128 00:05:31,107 --> 00:05:32,351 how to breakdown language, 129 00:05:32,351 --> 00:05:33,753 to see language as a system 130 00:05:33,753 --> 00:05:36,128 with rules, and as a bit of a puzzle. 131 00:05:36,128 --> 00:05:37,270 So that was great, 132 00:05:37,270 --> 00:05:39,621 but I still didn't feel like language was for me. 133 00:05:40,493 --> 00:05:42,508 So, forward a little bit more. 134 00:05:42,508 --> 00:05:43,515 About 13, 135 00:05:43,515 --> 00:05:45,016 and I've been interested in learning more 136 00:05:45,016 --> 00:05:46,517 about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, 137 00:05:46,517 --> 00:05:48,018 I started studying Hebrew. 138 00:05:48,018 --> 00:05:49,499 Now, I had no way of doing it. 139 00:05:49,499 --> 00:05:51,747 I had no idea what I was supposed to be doing, 140 00:05:51,747 --> 00:05:54,478 so I listen to a lot of Rap music. 141 00:05:54,478 --> 00:05:57,011 I memorize lyrics, I'd spit them back out, 142 00:05:57,011 --> 00:05:59,259 and I would just try to chat with native speakers, 143 00:05:59,259 --> 00:06:01,261 once a week, once a month, 144 00:06:01,261 --> 00:06:03,600 and I've got that incrementally, 145 00:06:03,006 --> 00:06:04,751 I started to understand a lot more. 146 00:06:04,751 --> 00:06:06,497 Now I didn't sound like a native speaker, 147 00:06:06,497 --> 00:06:08,756 I couldn't speak very articulately and 148 00:06:08,756 --> 00:06:10,462 I certainly didn't know the grammar. 149 00:06:10,462 --> 00:06:13,276 but I had done what I'd never managed to do in school, 150 00:06:13,276 --> 00:06:14,998 which was to pick up the basics of a language 151 00:06:14,998 --> 00:06:16,199 all on my own. 152 00:06:16,768 --> 00:06:18,044 Forward a little bit more. 153 00:06:18,520 --> 00:06:20,272 I started taking Arabic when I was 14 154 00:06:20,272 --> 00:06:22,024 in a summer program going into 9th grade. 155 00:06:22,024 --> 00:06:23,776 This is summer of 2010. 156 00:06:23,776 --> 00:06:25,513 After a month I found that I could read and write 157 00:06:25,513 --> 00:06:26,550 without a problem. 158 00:06:26,550 --> 00:06:28,230 I'd learned the basics of the formal language 159 00:06:28,230 --> 00:06:30,230 and one of its major dialects. 160 00:06:30,230 --> 00:06:33,700 And it turned me onto the fact that I could really pursue languages as a hobby. 161 00:06:34,776 --> 00:06:39,515 So, it finally came to March 24th 2011. 162 00:06:39,515 --> 00:06:41,241 So I've pretty vicious insomnia, 163 00:06:41,241 --> 00:06:42,897 and as I was studying more languages 164 00:06:42,897 --> 00:06:45,871 using grammar books or watching TV shows, 165 00:06:45,871 --> 00:06:49,470 and let's say Arabic or Hebrew, became one way of focusing my time. 166 00:06:50,425 --> 00:06:56,026 So on that night, while I was awake till some ungodly hour, 167 00:06:56,026 --> 00:06:58,738 I recorded myself speaking Arabic into my computer screen, 168 00:06:58,738 --> 00:06:59,754 subtitled it, 169 00:06:59,754 --> 00:07:01,263 and I uploaded it to YouTube 170 00:07:01,263 --> 00:07:02,998 under the title, "Tim speaks Arabic." 171 00:07:02,998 --> 00:07:05,037 (In Arabic) 172 00:07:05,037 --> 00:07:06,513 Next day I did the same thing, 173 00:07:06,513 --> 00:07:07,520 (In Hebrew) 174 00:07:07,520 --> 00:07:08,757 Tim speaks Hebrew. 175 00:07:08,757 --> 00:07:11,747 And the comments, when I trickled in, were fantastic. 176 00:07:11,747 --> 00:07:12,746 I got things like, 177 00:07:12,746 --> 00:07:14,849 "Wow, I've never seen an American speak Arabic before." 178 00:07:14,849 --> 00:07:19,980 (Laughter) 179 00:07:19,980 --> 00:07:21,808 You blame them? 180 00:07:22,688 --> 00:07:24,263 In addition to that I got things like, 181 00:07:24,263 --> 00:07:27,013 "Wow, maybe you should fix your vowels here." 182 00:07:27,013 --> 00:07:29,231 Or "maybe this word is pronounced this way." 183 00:07:29,231 --> 00:07:30,811 So suddenly language learning had gone 184 00:07:30,811 --> 00:07:32,391 from the solitary pages of a book, 185 00:07:32,391 --> 00:07:33,973 or my computer screen, 186 00:07:33,973 --> 00:07:35,097 into the wide world. 187 00:07:35,962 --> 00:07:37,499 After that I was hooked. 188 00:07:37,499 --> 00:07:40,525 I had a community of speakers to interact with, 189 00:07:40,525 --> 00:07:43,247 and essentially had a teacher or conversation partners 190 00:07:43,247 --> 00:07:45,231 for any language that I wanted to do. 191 00:07:45,231 --> 00:07:47,110 So I'll show you a quick montage of that. 192 00:07:47,946 --> 00:07:54,140 Video: [in Arabic] I started studying Arabic roughly, 6 months ago 193 00:07:54,140 --> 00:07:57,124 This started... one, two, three, four... 194 00:07:58,674 --> 00:08:00,110 maybe four days ago. 195 00:08:00,751 --> 00:08:06,089 I actually feel that reading and writing are easier in Arabic 196 00:08:06,568 --> 00:08:10,415 I certainly find Ojibwe difficult! 197 00:08:10,415 --> 00:08:14,536 but I came home the day before yesterday 198 00:08:14,536 --> 00:08:18,145 How is my pronunciation? Thanks so much! 199 00:08:18,905 --> 00:08:21,750 Have a great day. Goodbye! 200 00:08:24,014 --> 00:08:28,754 (Applause) 201 00:08:28,754 --> 00:08:29,909 That became my way 202 00:08:29,909 --> 00:08:31,268 of reaching out to the world. 203 00:08:31,268 --> 00:08:32,713 But as I was learning all these languages, 204 00:08:32,713 --> 00:08:34,203 I faced a number of obstacles. 205 00:08:34,203 --> 00:08:36,055 So number one, I had no idea how to teach myself. 206 00:08:36,055 --> 00:08:38,248 In fact, I'm sure many of you if you were told 207 00:08:38,248 --> 00:08:39,890 you have to learn Pashto by next month, 208 00:08:39,890 --> 00:08:41,315 you wouldn't know what to do. 209 00:08:41,355 --> 00:08:42,914 So I experimented. 210 00:08:44,254 --> 00:08:45,618 Here's one thing. 211 00:08:45,618 --> 00:08:48,604 So in my Latin class, I read about something that Cicero described, 212 00:08:48,605 --> 00:08:50,520 called, "Method of Loci." 213 00:08:50,520 --> 00:08:51,762 technically Locurum. 214 00:08:51,762 --> 00:08:55,244 But it's a technique in which you take mnemonics. 215 00:08:55,244 --> 00:08:56,455 So let's say you want to learn 216 00:08:56,455 --> 00:08:58,018 10 vocabulary words on a list. 217 00:08:58,018 --> 00:08:59,142 You take each of those words and 218 00:08:59,142 --> 00:09:00,504 instead of memorizing them in blocks. 219 00:09:00,504 --> 00:09:02,418 you integrate them into your spatial memory. 220 00:09:02,418 --> 00:09:04,035 So here's what I mean. 221 00:09:04,035 --> 00:09:05,763 This spot right here is Union Square. 222 00:09:05,763 --> 00:09:06,763 It's a place I go every day. 223 00:09:06,763 --> 00:09:07,650 If I close my eyes 224 00:09:07,650 --> 00:09:10,169 I can imagine it very, very vividly 225 00:09:10,169 --> 00:09:12,743 So I imagine myself walking down Union Square, 226 00:09:12,743 --> 00:09:15,013 and in each spot in my mind that has resonance, 227 00:09:15,013 --> 00:09:17,256 I associate it with a vocab word. 228 00:09:19,076 --> 00:09:20,280 I'll show you right now. 229 00:09:20,280 --> 00:09:21,926 I'm walking down Park Avenue, 230 00:09:21,926 --> 00:09:23,472 and in Japanese "to walk" is "iku" 231 00:09:23,472 --> 00:09:25,520 I go a little bit further, turn right, 232 00:09:25,520 --> 00:09:27,772 sit on the stairs where I can "Suwaru". 233 00:09:27,772 --> 00:09:30,026 Directly north of there is a statue George Washington 234 00:09:30,026 --> 00:09:31,350 which I used to think was a fountain, 235 00:09:31,350 --> 00:09:33,230 so that's "nomu", "to drink". 236 00:09:33,230 --> 00:09:35,785 Right next, there's a tree that you can "Kiru", "cut". 237 00:09:35,785 --> 00:09:37,264 If you want to go north for Barnes & Noble, 238 00:09:37,264 --> 00:09:39,041 you can "Yomu", "to read". 239 00:09:39,041 --> 00:09:41,520 Or if I'm hungry and I want to go to my favorite Falafel place, 240 00:09:41,520 --> 00:09:45,480 I can go one block west of there, so I can "Taberu", "to eat". 241 00:09:45,480 --> 00:09:46,529 I missed one. 242 00:09:46,529 --> 00:09:48,817 Alright. So 8 out of 10! Not bad! 243 00:09:49,516 --> 00:09:51,216 So I found that most of the time 244 00:09:51,216 --> 00:09:53,359 by experimenting with methods like these, 245 00:09:53,359 --> 00:09:55,850 it made language learning a much more interactive experience. 246 00:09:55,861 --> 00:09:57,794 It made it something that I can remember much better. 247 00:09:57,794 --> 00:09:59,255 and I had a lot of fun with. 248 00:09:59,255 --> 00:10:00,626 Maybe that's not for you. 249 00:10:00,626 --> 00:10:01,806 Here's another one. 250 00:10:02,746 --> 00:10:03,971 So a lot of people often ask me, 251 00:10:03,971 --> 00:10:05,757 if you're studying so many languages at the same time, 252 00:10:05,757 --> 00:10:07,047 how do you not confuse them? 253 00:10:07,047 --> 00:10:08,544 Or how do you learn so many vocabulary words? 254 00:10:08,544 --> 00:10:09,946 In Spanish I learn a word for table 255 00:10:09,946 --> 00:10:11,678 and the word for book goes out the other ear. 256 00:10:12,190 --> 00:10:14,040 What I do is I embrace those. 257 00:10:14,040 --> 00:10:15,689 So for example, 258 00:10:16,289 --> 00:10:18,040 take these three words in Indonesian. 259 00:10:18,040 --> 00:10:20,244 These were actually among the first 50 words that I learned. 260 00:10:20,244 --> 00:10:21,768 "Kepala", "Kabar", "Kantor". 261 00:10:21,768 --> 00:10:23,749 Lexically there're unrelated to each other. 262 00:10:23,749 --> 00:10:24,771 "Kepala" is a head. 263 00:10:24,771 --> 00:10:25,773 "Kabar" is news. 264 00:10:25,773 --> 00:10:27,256 "Kantor" is an office. 265 00:10:27,256 --> 00:10:30,267 But they all sound similar "K", "A". Right? 266 00:10:30,267 --> 00:10:31,282 So what I would do, 267 00:10:31,282 --> 00:10:34,756 is I would memorize vocab in batches of sounds that were similar. 268 00:10:34,756 --> 00:10:36,511 So if I hear the word "Kepala" in Indonesian, 269 00:10:36,511 --> 00:10:38,763 I automatically think the words "Kebar" and "Kentor". 270 00:10:38,763 --> 00:10:41,510 Same in Arabic, "Iktissad", "Istiklal", "Sokot". 271 00:10:41,510 --> 00:10:42,759 These three words are unrelated. 272 00:10:42,759 --> 00:10:45,242 One is economy, one is independence, one is downfall. 273 00:10:45,242 --> 00:10:47,272 But if I hear one, it triggers... (Laughter) 274 00:10:47,272 --> 00:10:51,262 (Laughter) 275 00:10:51,262 --> 00:10:52,774 it triggers the rest. 276 00:10:53,494 --> 00:10:54,536 Same thing in Hebrew. 277 00:10:54,536 --> 00:10:56,011 (In Hebrew) 278 00:10:56,011 --> 00:10:58,516 Even that those are return, remember and to shine. 279 00:10:58,516 --> 00:11:01,006 Or in Farsi in which they are related. 280 00:11:01,006 --> 00:11:02,291 So for me if I hear the word "Pedar", 281 00:11:02,291 --> 00:11:03,270 which means father, 282 00:11:03,270 --> 00:11:04,659 I automatically think in the words, 283 00:11:04,659 --> 00:11:06,513 "Mada", "Barodar", "Dokhtar". 284 00:11:06,513 --> 00:11:08,509 Mother, brother, daughter. 285 00:11:08,509 --> 00:11:10,268 So again this is one method, 286 00:11:10,268 --> 00:11:13,014 and I'm not saying this will make you fluent in a language, 287 00:11:13,014 --> 00:11:14,086 but it has been one of my ways 288 00:11:14,086 --> 00:11:15,865 of overcoming those obstacles. 289 00:11:16,715 --> 00:11:17,917 So you may be wondering, 290 00:11:18,657 --> 00:11:20,089 what's the point in doing this? 291 00:11:20,859 --> 00:11:22,932 Why learn Pashto or Ojibwe 292 00:11:22,932 --> 00:11:24,344 when you live in New York? 293 00:11:24,344 --> 00:11:26,529 And there's a point to that. 294 00:11:27,165 --> 00:11:28,942 In fact, I've lived in New York my entire life, 295 00:11:28,942 --> 00:11:31,257 and I'm always blown away by the number of languages 296 00:11:31,257 --> 00:11:32,534 you can hear on a given day. 297 00:11:32,534 --> 00:11:35,777 Walking at a street, I see billboards in Chinese or in Spanish. 298 00:11:35,777 --> 00:11:39,042 I see Russian bookstores, Indian restaurants, Turkish bath houses. 299 00:11:39,042 --> 00:11:41,230 Yet for all that linguistic diversity, 300 00:11:41,230 --> 00:11:42,838 mainstream American culture 301 00:11:42,838 --> 00:11:44,856 remains decidedly monolingual. 302 00:11:44,856 --> 00:11:46,054 And if you don't think that's true, 303 00:11:46,054 --> 00:11:49,515 look at the reactions to Coca-Cola Super Bowl video. 304 00:11:51,015 --> 00:11:55,264 So as I started to play around more with language learning, 305 00:11:55,264 --> 00:11:56,428 I found that I had my own community 306 00:11:56,428 --> 00:11:57,592 of learners here in New York. 307 00:11:57,592 --> 00:11:58,758 I'd go to outer boroughs, 308 00:11:58,758 --> 00:12:01,782 and for lack of a better word, embarrass myself. 309 00:12:01,782 --> 00:12:03,501 I try to talk to people all day, 310 00:12:03,501 --> 00:12:05,081 get their views on things, 311 00:12:05,081 --> 00:12:06,661 and use my new found language skills. 312 00:12:06,661 --> 00:12:09,479 Video: (In Russian) What's your name? - Natan. 313 00:12:09,479 --> 00:12:10,938 Natan. - Good day. 314 00:12:10,938 --> 00:12:11,984 What's your name? 315 00:12:11,984 --> 00:12:13,770 I'm Tim. 316 00:12:14,150 --> 00:12:15,611 Pleased to meet you. 317 00:12:15,611 --> 00:12:17,099 Pleased to meet you. 318 00:12:17,099 --> 00:12:18,187 Where are you from? 319 00:12:18,367 --> 00:12:20,135 (In Urdu) This book is written by 320 00:12:20,135 --> 00:12:22,251 Qudratullah Shanab himself. 321 00:12:23,735 --> 00:12:24,905 What is 'nawist'? 322 00:12:25,625 --> 00:12:28,795 It means the writer has written... 323 00:12:31,375 --> 00:12:32,766 Oh okay, Khod-Nawist (self-write). 324 00:12:32,766 --> 00:12:34,248 From khod-nevashtan in Persian! 325 00:12:34,248 --> 00:12:36,239 So maybe you have to use a lot of English, 326 00:12:36,239 --> 00:12:37,440 maybe you're not really 327 00:12:37,440 --> 00:12:39,276 that particular interesting when you talk, 328 00:12:39,276 --> 00:12:40,211 but the point is you're getting out there 329 00:12:40,211 --> 00:12:41,582 and you're getting exposure. 330 00:12:41,582 --> 00:12:42,758 So I don't speak Urdu that well, 331 00:12:42,758 --> 00:12:44,489 it was kind of an awkward conversation, 332 00:12:44,489 --> 00:12:47,737 but just from that, I've learned a new word: "Khod-Nawist". 333 00:12:47,877 --> 00:12:49,637 I'm not going to forget it now. 334 00:12:50,257 --> 00:12:52,840 So moving on, you may wonder again 335 00:12:52,840 --> 00:12:55,173 what's the point in doing this? 336 00:12:55,173 --> 00:12:56,912 And I try to explain to people a lot 337 00:12:56,912 --> 00:12:58,494 what my various motivations are, 338 00:12:58,494 --> 00:13:00,741 but I often feel that this quote from Nelson Mandela 339 00:13:00,741 --> 00:13:02,281 is the best expression of that. 340 00:13:02,281 --> 00:13:04,062 "If you talk to a man in a language he understands, 341 00:13:04,062 --> 00:13:05,509 that goes to his head. 342 00:13:05,509 --> 00:13:08,785 If you talk to him in his language that goes to his heart." 343 00:13:08,785 --> 00:13:10,476 So as I began to see, 344 00:13:10,476 --> 00:13:12,357 there's an enormous connection 345 00:13:12,357 --> 00:13:13,938 between language and culture, 346 00:13:13,938 --> 00:13:15,520 language and thought. 347 00:13:15,520 --> 00:13:19,015 And quite honestly if you want to learn Persian for example, 348 00:13:19,015 --> 00:13:21,051 you pick up a dictionary, you say, "I know how to say 'thank you', 349 00:13:21,051 --> 00:13:22,521 I know how to say 'how much is this?', 350 00:13:22,521 --> 00:13:23,643 and I know how to say 'goodbye'. 351 00:13:23,643 --> 00:13:24,963 Oh, I speak Persian." 352 00:13:25,353 --> 00:13:28,265 Probably not, let's see actually. 353 00:13:28,265 --> 00:13:30,762 In fact, if you want to buy something in a Persian bookstore, 354 00:13:30,762 --> 00:13:32,757 you might ask someone 'how much is this?'. 355 00:13:32,757 --> 00:13:35,013 Generally, he will tell you this: 356 00:13:35,013 --> 00:13:36,223 "Ghabeli nadaareh." 357 00:13:36,223 --> 00:13:38,256 Which means, 'it's worthless'. 358 00:13:38,256 --> 00:13:39,775 (Laughter) 359 00:13:39,775 --> 00:13:42,780 So in fact this is an ingrained cultural practice called, "Taaraf", 360 00:13:42,780 --> 00:13:44,749 in which two people having a conversation, 361 00:13:44,749 --> 00:13:47,220 both try to behave more humble than the other. 362 00:13:47,220 --> 00:13:48,274 So if I go to buy a book, 363 00:13:48,274 --> 00:13:50,506 it's rude for that person to tell me 'it's five bucks'. 364 00:13:50,506 --> 00:13:52,263 He has to say "it's worthless, please. 365 00:13:52,263 --> 00:13:54,227 You're so good-looking, you're so talented, 366 00:13:54,227 --> 00:13:55,486 you're whatever. 367 00:13:55,486 --> 00:13:56,745 (Laughter) 368 00:13:56,745 --> 00:13:58,004 Take it for free, I'm so humble, take it for free." 369 00:13:58,004 --> 00:14:00,767 (Laughter) 370 00:14:00,767 --> 00:14:04,276 Or you might find something like this phrase: 371 00:14:04,276 --> 00:14:05,782 if you want to thank somebody, 372 00:14:05,782 --> 00:14:07,489 if you want to show your gratitude towards them, 373 00:14:07,489 --> 00:14:08,770 or say 'nice to meet you', 374 00:14:08,770 --> 00:14:10,510 I could say, "Well, I know how to say 'thank you' in Farsi. 375 00:14:10,510 --> 00:14:12,025 I speak Farsi." 376 00:14:12,025 --> 00:14:13,225 Maybe not though. 377 00:14:13,225 --> 00:14:15,506 In fact I've often heard this phrase when I talk with Iranians, 378 00:14:15,506 --> 00:14:16,962 "Ghorbanet beram." 379 00:14:16,962 --> 00:14:18,480 Which literally means, 380 00:14:18,480 --> 00:14:22,770 "May I sacrifice my life for you." (Laughter) 381 00:14:22,770 --> 00:14:24,771 So again, it's poetic, 382 00:14:24,771 --> 00:14:26,723 you might call it melodramatic. 383 00:14:27,833 --> 00:14:31,598 but this is something you really have to understand the culture to get. 384 00:14:32,536 --> 00:14:34,263 I don't want to exona-size this, 385 00:14:34,263 --> 00:14:36,256 because, think about it, we have this in English all the time. 386 00:14:36,256 --> 00:14:37,766 If you ask somebody 'how are you?', 387 00:14:37,766 --> 00:14:39,271 what you're expecting to hear? 388 00:14:39,271 --> 00:14:40,269 'I'm fine'. 389 00:14:40,269 --> 00:14:41,735 If you tell me anything else, I'm not interested. 390 00:14:41,735 --> 00:14:42,756 (Laughter) 391 00:14:42,756 --> 00:14:43,775 But we do it anyway. 392 00:14:43,775 --> 00:14:44,767 We say 'bless you', 393 00:14:44,767 --> 00:14:47,060 even though that has no real religious connotations now, 394 00:14:47,060 --> 00:14:48,263 when people sneeze 395 00:14:48,263 --> 00:14:52,510 Right? So, 396 00:14:52,510 --> 00:14:54,123 it's interesting we think about the fact 397 00:14:54,123 --> 00:14:55,533 that most linguists believe 398 00:14:55,533 --> 00:14:58,501 language doesn't inherently affect the way you think. 399 00:14:58,501 --> 00:15:01,234 Right. There's no language that will make you a math genius. 400 00:15:01,234 --> 00:15:02,903 There's no language that will make 401 00:15:02,903 --> 00:15:05,299 logic problems impossible to understand. 402 00:15:05,299 --> 00:15:08,034 But there's a real tie between language and culture. 403 00:15:08,034 --> 00:15:09,308 There're so much language can tell you 404 00:15:09,308 --> 00:15:11,604 about one culture's mindset. 405 00:15:11,604 --> 00:15:13,079 And in fact on planet Earth, 406 00:15:13,079 --> 00:15:16,228 every two weeks, another language dies. 407 00:15:16,228 --> 00:15:17,750 No more people are speaking it. 408 00:15:17,750 --> 00:15:19,774 Because of war, because of famine, 409 00:15:19,774 --> 00:15:21,730 oftentimes just because of assimilation. 410 00:15:21,730 --> 00:15:23,763 Maybe it easier for me not to speak my village language 411 00:15:23,763 --> 00:15:26,245 but to speak, Arabic let's say. 412 00:15:26,245 --> 00:15:28,763 Or maybe I'm from a tribe in the Amazon, 413 00:15:28,763 --> 00:15:30,070 my habitat is cut down 414 00:15:30,070 --> 00:15:32,519 and it just makes more sense for me to learn Portuguese 415 00:15:32,519 --> 00:15:34,034 and lose my culture. 416 00:15:34,764 --> 00:15:35,774 So think about that. 417 00:15:35,774 --> 00:15:38,264 Two months from today is April 1st. 418 00:15:38,264 --> 00:15:39,769 For many of you that day maybe stressful 419 00:15:39,769 --> 00:15:41,274 because you have a paper due, 420 00:15:41,274 --> 00:15:42,780 or the rent is due. 421 00:15:42,780 --> 00:15:44,265 But for two groups of people around the world, 422 00:15:44,265 --> 00:15:47,050 for two cultures that means the death of their language. 423 00:15:47,050 --> 00:15:49,745 The death of their mythology, their history, their folklore. 424 00:15:49,745 --> 00:15:51,775 Their understanding of the world. 425 00:15:51,775 --> 00:15:54,504 Now again, you, brushing up on your Spanish, 426 00:15:54,504 --> 00:15:56,496 going to Japanese class, 427 00:15:56,496 --> 00:15:58,788 is not going to stop language death. 428 00:15:59,228 --> 00:16:02,770 But what is does do, is begin to open up your mind to the idea 429 00:16:02,770 --> 00:16:05,517 that language in its sense, in essence, 430 00:16:05,517 --> 00:16:08,743 represents a cultural world view. 431 00:16:08,743 --> 00:16:11,490 And if I can impart you with anything today at TEDxTeen, 432 00:16:11,490 --> 00:16:13,003 it's this: 433 00:16:13,003 --> 00:16:14,983 you can translate words easily 434 00:16:14,983 --> 00:16:17,377 but you can't quite translate meaning. 435 00:16:17,377 --> 00:16:18,382 Thank you. 436 00:16:18,382 --> 00:16:22,279 (Cheers)