WEBVTT 00:00:00.153 --> 00:00:01.901 - [Voiceover] All right, so grammarians, I want to 00:00:01.901 --> 00:00:03.424 talk to you about the difference between 00:00:03.424 --> 00:00:05.903 subject and object pronouns, but before 00:00:05.903 --> 00:00:08.016 we do that, let's start off with a little 00:00:08.016 --> 00:00:12.323 primer on what subjects and objects actually are, 00:00:12.323 --> 00:00:15.270 Just generally for our grammatical purposes. 00:00:15.270 --> 00:00:18.703 In grammar, the subject is the part of the sentence 00:00:18.703 --> 00:00:21.263 or clause that does a thing. 00:00:21.263 --> 00:00:24.331 The subject does a thing. 00:00:24.331 --> 00:00:26.403 The object, on the other hand, is the 00:00:26.403 --> 00:00:30.853 thing that is acted on, has stuff done to it, 00:00:30.853 --> 00:00:35.853 so the object has stuff done to it. 00:00:38.094 --> 00:00:40.877 The subject acts, the object is acted upon, 00:00:40.877 --> 00:00:43.397 let's give an example. 00:00:43.397 --> 00:00:48.397 In the sentence, Reina wrote an e-mail, 00:00:52.765 --> 00:00:55.447 the subject of the sentence, the doer of the thing 00:00:55.447 --> 00:00:57.925 is Reina, right, as the subject. 00:00:57.925 --> 00:01:00.465 The thing she is doing is writing an e-mail, 00:01:00.465 --> 00:01:02.883 so Reina wrote an e-mail. 00:01:02.883 --> 00:01:06.012 E-mail is the object of the verb wrote. 00:01:06.012 --> 00:01:09.201 It is the object of the sentence. 00:01:09.201 --> 00:01:11.660 Now, there are cases when a sentence 00:01:11.660 --> 00:01:14.118 doesn't have an object. 00:01:14.118 --> 00:01:16.577 For example, we could just say 00:01:16.577 --> 00:01:20.149 Reina wrote. 00:01:20.149 --> 00:01:22.018 It doesn't have an object, it's just 00:01:22.018 --> 00:01:25.086 Reina's the subject, and then there is no object. 00:01:25.086 --> 00:01:27.748 This is what we call intransitive usage, 00:01:27.748 --> 00:01:31.283 but you don't need to write that down or anything. 00:01:31.283 --> 00:01:34.554 Now, understanding the relationship 00:01:34.554 --> 00:01:37.317 between e-mail and Reina enables you 00:01:37.317 --> 00:01:41.279 to understand how subject and object pronouns are used. 00:01:41.279 --> 00:01:45.891 When we're subbing out these nouns for pronouns, 00:01:45.891 --> 00:01:48.431 we can figure out which ones we have to use, 00:01:48.431 --> 00:01:50.320 because pronouns have different forms 00:01:50.320 --> 00:01:55.320 depending on whether or not they are subjects or objects. 00:01:55.675 --> 00:01:58.697 Reina is a girl's name, and if we know that Reina is a girl, 00:01:58.697 --> 00:02:03.086 we can refer to her as either she or her. 00:02:03.086 --> 00:02:06.987 These are two of the feminine pronouns. 00:02:06.987 --> 00:02:10.156 One of these is a subject, and one of them is an object. 00:02:10.156 --> 00:02:15.156 She is the subject form, and her is the object form. 00:02:16.527 --> 00:02:20.155 If we wanted to rewrite this sentence, 00:02:20.155 --> 00:02:23.528 speaking of Reina, we would say, 00:02:23.528 --> 00:02:28.528 she wrote an e-mail. 00:02:31.582 --> 00:02:36.582 Not, her wrote an e-mail, you see. 00:02:37.840 --> 00:02:42.840 Because her is the object pronoun, 00:02:43.712 --> 00:02:46.701 and therefore is the thing that, 00:02:46.701 --> 00:02:48.634 the object pronoun has stuff done to it, 00:02:48.634 --> 00:02:50.544 as opposed to the doer of things. 00:02:50.544 --> 00:02:53.274 She is the subject form, it's the doer. 00:02:53.274 --> 00:02:57.338 For e-mail it's easy, this just becomes it in all cases. 00:02:57.338 --> 00:03:02.260 The subject form, and the object form are the same. 00:03:03.758 --> 00:03:05.099 Let's do a couple more examples 00:03:05.099 --> 00:03:08.117 just to shore this up so you see what I mean. 00:03:09.715 --> 00:03:14.715 I give her a present. 00:03:16.124 --> 00:03:20.095 Right now, I is the subject, her is the object. 00:03:20.095 --> 00:03:24.504 Subject, object, but what if we switched it? 00:03:24.504 --> 00:03:26.190 What would it look like then? 00:03:26.190 --> 00:03:28.831 Well it wouldn't be her give I a present, 00:03:28.831 --> 00:03:32.610 because since we're switching the subject and the object, 00:03:32.610 --> 00:03:35.138 we're gonna be switching the pronouns that we use too, 00:03:35.138 --> 00:03:40.138 so it would be, she gave me a present. 00:03:44.510 --> 00:03:48.123 Now, she is the 00:03:48.123 --> 00:03:52.206 subject form of her, 00:03:52.206 --> 00:03:55.791 and me is the subject, is the object form, excuse me, 00:03:55.791 --> 00:03:58.682 me is the object form of I. 00:04:00.484 --> 00:04:03.377 Get a little period in there. 00:04:03.377 --> 00:04:07.388 Same thing with they and he. 00:04:07.388 --> 00:04:11.160 They showed 00:04:11.160 --> 00:04:15.832 him a guitar. 00:04:15.832 --> 00:04:17.674 Why not? 00:04:17.674 --> 00:04:22.674 They is the subject, and him is the object. 00:04:24.284 --> 00:04:26.702 Let's give it the old switcheroo. 00:04:26.702 --> 00:04:30.347 He showed 00:04:30.347 --> 00:04:34.356 them a guitar. 00:04:35.772 --> 00:04:39.510 Now, we do the switcheroo, him becomes he, 00:04:39.510 --> 00:04:41.989 so we go from the object form which is him 00:04:41.989 --> 00:04:45.788 to the subject from which is he, 00:04:45.788 --> 00:04:49.547 and then they, the subject form becomes them, 00:04:49.547 --> 00:04:51.845 the object form. 00:04:54.071 --> 00:04:57.363 Now when it comes to you and it, 00:04:57.363 --> 00:05:00.979 you're in luck, because the subject and object 00:05:00.979 --> 00:05:05.185 forms of these are the same, so subject 00:05:05.185 --> 00:05:08.051 equals object, 00:05:08.051 --> 00:05:11.557 with you and it. 00:05:11.557 --> 00:05:14.267 I could say you give it a present 00:05:14.267 --> 00:05:18.746 just as easily as I could say it gives you a present. 00:05:18.746 --> 00:05:21.408 I didn't realize I changed this to the past tense. 00:05:21.408 --> 00:05:24.516 She gives me a present. 00:05:24.516 --> 00:05:26.955 There we go, that's better. 00:05:26.955 --> 00:05:28.722 That's the difference between a subject 00:05:28.722 --> 00:05:30.632 and an object pronoun. 00:05:30.632 --> 00:05:32.123 You can learn anything. 00:05:32.123 --> 00:05:33.555 David out.