[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.01,0:00:10.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People from Here
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.18,0:00:16.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Welcome back to People from Here.\NWhat we want to tell you today
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.00,0:00:22.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the story of two young people,\Nof two young people with high hopes.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.54,0:00:27.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is Adelina,\Na brilliant lawyer who worked
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.04,0:00:31.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at a prestigious legal firm in Milan.\NThen there is Ettore,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.31,0:00:36.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an industrial chemist.\NThe future can only smile
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.63,0:00:39.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,upon Adelina and Ettore.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.55,0:00:43.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually,\Ntheir future will be more turbulent
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.12,0:00:46.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than they could have ever imagined.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.44,0:00:50.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, \Nin 1938 Ettore
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.04,0:00:53.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Adelina are Jewish.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.64,0:00:56.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On September 18th,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.26,0:01:01.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the balcony\Nof Trieste's town hall,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.50,0:01:06.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Benito Mussolini announced\Nfor the first time the Racial Laws
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.23,0:01:08.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the defense of the race.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.50,0:01:12.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The world of those two young people
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.09,0:01:16.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,suddenly collapses under their feet.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.96,0:01:22.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We will tell this story\Nabout Ettore and Adelina
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.48,0:01:26.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the eve of the day.\NWe will tell it with the son
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.05,0:01:31.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Ettore and Adelina,\NDaniele Finzi, who in 2011,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.28,0:01:38.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,decided to donate\Nhis parents letters and documents
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.14,0:01:42.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to The Archives of Pieve Santo Stefano.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.37,0:01:46.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Shortly we will also discuss why\Nthis choice was made.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.33,0:01:50.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now I would like to start\Nwith September 1938.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.99,0:01:53.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with Mussolini's announcement
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.77,0:01:57.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the laws for the defense of the race.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.17,0:02:02.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ettore and Adelina immediately started\Nto understand that there wasn't
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.62,0:02:05.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a future for them in that country.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.66,0:02:10.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Deciding to leave was\Nwas a difficult decision to make.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.39,0:02:14.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was a difficult decision,\Nbut one that will save their lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.58,0:02:20.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, Ettore Finzi, my father,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.33,0:02:25.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was very knowledgable about history.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.37,0:02:29.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also because he knew German very well.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.90,0:02:34.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He had two aunts, aunt Genie\Nand aunt Lazigudita Gentiluomo,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.35,0:02:35.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who both lived in Vienna.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.52,0:02:41.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He had followed\Nall the Nazi antisemitism
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.61,0:02:45.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,up to March 1938.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.73,0:02:51.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, in July 1938,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.74,0:02:54.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when the Race Manifesto was published,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.13,0:02:56.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he didn't expect it.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.01,0:03:01.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He knew what it was about,\Nalthough he hoped
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.11,0:03:06.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that Italy would be\Na little different than Germany.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.54,0:03:12.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And my father, more than my mother,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.70,0:03:17.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,made quick and immediate decisions.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.22,0:03:21.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was also very intuitive.\NHe had known my mom only a few months,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.49,0:03:25.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he returns\Nto these months in April 1938.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.83,0:03:28.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was love at first sight,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.14,0:03:34.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and because of the Race Manifesto\Nand the Racial Laws,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.10,0:03:35.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they decided to get married.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.59,0:03:39.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were married in Milan\Non December 1, 1938.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.79,0:03:43.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1938 and now we arrive in 1939.\N- Yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.87,0:03:46.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An ominous date for many.\N- Yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.46,0:03:49.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Very unjust, but there is a turning point.\N- There is a...
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.17,0:03:52.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ettore and Adelina decide to leave.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.23,0:03:57.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or rather, how do they depart?\NBecause, in a way,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.04,0:03:58.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they leave informed.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.25,0:04:03.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes and no.\NThe problem is immediate
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.67,0:04:05.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that of money.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.28,0:04:11.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because the White Paper of the British,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.05,0:04:16.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from perhaps February\Nor March of 1939,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.13,0:04:22.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had mandated\Na total of 75,000 Jews
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.62,0:04:26.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that could enter Palestine for five years.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.60,0:04:33.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, to qualify to enter,\Nevery person needed to have 1,000 stars.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.04,0:04:36.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because, like we said, they had chosen.\N- To go to Palestine.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.76,0:04:38.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The goal was Palestine.\N- Yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.63,0:04:43.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The choice was not a coincidence,\Nbecause my father had also thought
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.55,0:04:44.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about Latin America.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.31,0:04:50.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the idea of going \Nto Palestine was because it was nearby.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.95,0:04:53.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was from Trieste so it was close.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.98,0:04:57.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He also hoped his parents could join him.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.03,0:05:00.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In any case, \Nthe issue of money was really
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.85,0:05:04.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a huge problem\Nbecause they didn't have any.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.72,0:05:09.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, thanks to the lawyer Gianni Morandi,\Nwho was the owner of the firm
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.15,0:05:10.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where my mom worked,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.38,0:05:16.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they went to Zurich for their honeymoon.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.46,0:05:21.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then they went to Lugano\Nto gather a large sum
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.74,0:05:23.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of money from the lawyer's clients.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.80,0:05:28.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I still remember two leather bags
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.59,0:05:32.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with thousands of stars inside.\NThey were gold little stars.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.13,0:05:38.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At this point, they reach Palestine.\NA tangent about Palestine.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.50,0:05:41.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The State of Israel still didn't exist.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.21,0:05:46.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There wasn't any money to protect them.\NTherefore, they had to start from scratch.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.16,0:05:52.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, and so, they started all over again\Nfrom January to April 1, 1939.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.94,0:05:57.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They arrived in Haifa on April 6th.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.64,0:06:02.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, because as of 1922,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.68,0:06:05.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the British controlled Palestine.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.32,0:06:08.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were Palestinian Arabs.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.41,0:06:12.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Jewish Palestinians were organized
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.50,0:06:17.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the {\i1}Yishuv{\i0},\Nwho were more concerned
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.95,0:06:22.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the {\i1}kibbutz{\i0},\Nand wanted to dedicate themselves
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.02,0:06:23.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to agriculture, etc.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.96,0:06:27.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the foundation,\Nthe political one,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.80,0:06:30.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was led by the Jewish agency.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.30,0:06:35.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Jewish agency was, well,\NI'll give you an example.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.92,0:06:39.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay,\Nso they arrived in Tel Aviv
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.97,0:06:42.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on April 7th.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.12,0:06:48.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Twenty days later they were\Nin school learning modern Hebrew,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.46,0:06:53.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because there were various Jews\Nin Tel Aviv
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.04,0:06:55.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from every part of Europe.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.33,0:06:59.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it was necessary\Nto learn this common language.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.84,0:07:04.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was some organization,\Nbut there were a lot of problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.53,0:07:07.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In any case, where they mentally find...\N- Ah yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.29,0:07:10.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this small amount of protection.\NHowever, they had to start...
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.60,0:07:12.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, they had to restart.\N- from scratch.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.52,0:07:16.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the other hand, however,\Nthere was a lot of bitterness
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.01,0:07:21.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was left behind by the fact\Nof having to abandon...
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.27,0:07:22.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes.\N- Italy.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.84,0:07:26.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Having to leave Italy was stressful.\N- Yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.62,0:07:30.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In regard to this,\NI will also read an excerpt
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.31,0:07:34.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the letters\Nthat have been donated to the archive.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.20,0:07:40.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Diaries in which Ettore specifically tells
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.26,0:07:43.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about what he was feeling shortly after
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.21,0:07:47.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the time in which he abandoned Italy.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.18,0:07:53.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We will read this excerpt:\N"When I left Italy four months ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.29,0:07:56.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"feeling more disgusted by the burden\Nof having to leave the country
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.60,0:07:59.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"than for the imminent danger,\Nmany of my colleagues
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.07,0:08:01.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and friends were quick\Nto express to me their discontent
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.89,0:08:03.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"about what was happening.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.78,0:08:06.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Through their conversations,\NI felt they knew about condolences
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.80,0:08:08.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and they ended up\Nonly making me withdraw.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.17,0:08:12.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"They were whispered conversations,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.66,0:08:15.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"only because they knew me\Nand they valued me.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.88,0:08:19.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"For many, being an example against\Nthe persecution of Jews not being born
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.42,0:08:23.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"in Italy, could also be considered fair,\Nbecause it is understood that they came
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.32,0:08:26.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"to the country to make a fortune\Nby going behind other's backs.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.61,0:08:28.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"They had some expert political views.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.02,0:08:33.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The Fascist government's right\Nto persecute people that it had let into
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.26,0:08:36.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"the country was generally recognized."
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.64,0:08:40.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Ettore felt betrayed by Italy?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.40,0:08:45.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Without a doubt.\NAlso because, as I was saying prior,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.37,0:08:46.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my father was from Trieste.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.38,0:08:50.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From his father, my grandfather,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.28,0:08:55.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he also received an irredentist\Nand nationalist upbringing.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.72,0:09:00.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Trieste had always been divided
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.42,0:09:03.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between people from Trieste, Austria...
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.89,0:09:05.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's say {\i1}Austriacanti{\i0}.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.89,0:09:11.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rather than irredentists,\Nwho loved Italy, the Italian culture,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.23,0:09:14.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Italian language,\Nlike my grandfather and the Slovenians.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.89,0:09:19.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He had received this upbringing
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.40,0:09:23.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so he was an irredentist nationalist.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.37,0:09:29.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Additionally, he was a genius official,\Nand he felt like an Italian.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.33,0:09:35.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He loved Italy\Nand he felt betrayed by this terrible law.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.21,0:09:38.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In addition, in Ettore's letters,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.98,0:09:43.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this text,\Nit also draws attention
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.82,0:09:47.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a responsibility\Nby the Italian people themselves
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.72,0:09:49.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for what was happening.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.37,0:09:51.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He writes:\N"The political maturity
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.26,0:09:54.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"of the Italian people\Nis apparently that of government rule
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.10,0:09:56.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"that it has and that it deserves."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.40,0:09:59.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is a precise responsibility\Nby the people.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.21,0:10:04.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, the Italian people's problem...\N(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.46,0:10:09.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Interview talking)\N- Like saying living today like yesterday.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.00,0:10:15.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In other words,\Nthe lack of personal responsibility
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.08,0:10:21.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this...\NWell yes, accepting anything,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.28,0:10:27.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like a leader or a guide,\Nthat which is of
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.36,0:10:30.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an uglier appearance, if you will.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.89,0:10:35.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that Trieste...\NNot coincidentally Mussolini
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.24,0:10:38.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and September 18, 1938,\Nwhere they were
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.62,0:10:42.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the Unity of Italy Square\Nto present the Racial Laws.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.66,0:10:45.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not only because of\Nthe nationalism that was there,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.97,0:10:52.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but because Trieste was\Na very multiethnic, multicultural city.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.98,0:10:55.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were more than two centuries
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.68,0:10:59.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which ethnic groups were diverse.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.82,0:11:00.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They coexisted.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.41,0:11:07.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But at the very moment\Nin which Mussolini showed his cruelty
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.07,0:11:12.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,towards Jews, who were Italian,\Nand felt as such,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.72,0:11:17.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and had also fought\Nfor Italy during the First World War...
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.60,0:11:20.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the point,\Neveryone was inclined
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.37,0:11:24.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to accept the rule of Fascism.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.00,0:11:27.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We return to Ettore and Adelina,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.75,0:11:30.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who, because of their decisions,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.47,0:11:34.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leave the Second World War behind,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.09,0:11:37.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which the persecution of Jews
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.23,0:11:40.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the holocaust are about to start.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.68,0:11:44.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They leave behind the errors of the war,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.92,0:11:48.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,however, as it is said,\Nthey face a life
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.90,0:11:50.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is not easy.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.22,0:11:55.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like we said,\NAdelina was a lawyer with a great career.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.46,0:11:59.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She finds herself having\Nto start her work up again.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.65,0:12:05.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, because the main difficulty was\Na work shortage.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.28,0:12:10.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was an excess of workers\N(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.36,0:12:14.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from Tel Aviv.\NAnd then, there were few jobs
Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.74,0:12:16.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or they were completely insecure.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.36,0:12:20.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another big problem was\Na housing shortage.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.51,0:12:27.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So much so that my parents were forced\Nto live with a family,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.41,0:12:30.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a Polish family in an apartment.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.41,0:12:35.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Above all,\Nthe main difficulty was the work shortage.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.07,0:12:39.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also because the two bags\Nof the two thousand stars were not
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.31,0:12:44.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be touched at all.\NMy father was not flexible.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.17,0:12:51.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then my mom,\Nas long as my father remained in Tel Aviv
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.22,0:12:53.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until August 23, 1944,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.07,0:12:58.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when he went to work\Nat the British oil refinery...
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.02,0:12:59.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Interviewer Talking)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.03,0:13:03.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No, he was also with my mom\Nbecause they then had my sister first,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.63,0:13:07.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then I was born in 1942.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.83,0:13:13.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when my father left,\Nhe felt the need
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.30,0:13:18.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to work to support the family.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.05,0:13:20.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He also liked the idea
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.73,0:13:25.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of having money to freely spend.\N(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.48,0:13:30.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As mentioned, your mother was liberated...\N- Yes, liberated.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.46,0:13:31.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Palestine.\N- Yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.95,0:13:36.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your father Ettore, on the other hand,\Nhad to move abroad to Persia
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.36,0:13:41.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because, meanwhile, he found work\Nwith an oil company.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.92,0:13:46.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So two lovers\Nwho find themselves far apart
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.39,0:13:50.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in foreign lands,\Nand the only point of contact
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.03,0:13:53.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between these two people becomes\Nthe writing,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.26,0:13:56.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the letters\Nthat will then become so important
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.66,0:14:00.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for documenting, for their memories.\N- Yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.17,0:14:05.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, my father accepted\Nthis two year contract
Dialogue: 0,0:14:05.86,0:14:08.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the Iranian company.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.63,0:14:13.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was in Abadan in Persia.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:13.29,0:14:17.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And indeed it was a military zone.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.69,0:14:21.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He did his work there\Nas an industrial chemist.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.91,0:14:26.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Naturally, he had to detach\Nand leave his wife
Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.80,0:14:28.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and his children in Tel Aviv.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.88,0:14:31.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, although very tired,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.71,0:14:36.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every evening my mom wrote
Dialogue: 0,0:14:36.19,0:14:40.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and reported what had happened\Nduring her workday,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:41.35,0:14:45.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because she had found work\Nwith a company that was part
Dialogue: 0,0:14:45.69,0:14:48.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the Tel Aviv pharmaceutical industry.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:48.98,0:14:50.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After then being fired,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:51.34,0:14:55.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she went to work at a house to iron.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:55.44,0:14:59.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, she could do any job.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.11,0:15:04.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She reported with great ability,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:04.70,0:15:07.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,descriptive, careful about everything
Dialogue: 0,0:15:07.97,0:15:13.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that went on during the day.\NRather, my father sometimes wrote letters
Dialogue: 0,0:15:13.07,0:15:17.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with extensive description.\NHe explained to her a bit about his duty,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.60,0:15:22.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,weather problems because it was very hot,\Nrelations with the British
Dialogue: 0,0:15:22.76,0:15:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and with the local population\Nthat was in truly devastating conditions.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:28.04,0:15:31.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were letters that,\Namong other things...
Dialogue: 0,0:15:31.82,0:15:34.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you permit me a tangent.\N- (Interviewer) {\i1}Of course{\i0}.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:35.33,0:15:39.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were things one absolutely knew\Nbut I didn't know
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.30,0:15:41.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the letters even existed.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:41.70,0:15:46.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then perhaps we can also elaborate\Non how they were found.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:46.51,0:15:50.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then also about how the decision\Nto publish them came about.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:50.98,0:15:54.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's go back.\NWe had said that while Ettore
Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.62,0:15:58.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Adelina were in Palestine,\Ntheir children were born.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:58.27,0:15:59.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, my sister...\N- You were born
Dialogue: 0,0:15:59.98,0:16:01.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and your sister Ana was born.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.87,0:16:06.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is fitting that the future\Nof these two children was often focused on
Dialogue: 0,0:16:06.70,0:16:10.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in these letters that Ettore\Nand Adelina exchange.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:10.92,0:16:15.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would like to read another\Nparticularly significant passage
Dialogue: 0,0:16:15.72,0:16:18.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is again written by Ettore
Dialogue: 0,0:16:18.38,0:16:22.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from Abadan in February 23, 1945:
Dialogue: 0,0:16:23.15,0:16:26.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"If on one hand, the war tends\Nto be nearing its end, on the other,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:26.78,0:16:30.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"the situation in Palestine\Nis taking a favorable turn for us.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:30.30,0:16:34.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"These days, I am overthinking\Nand continuously thinking
Dialogue: 0,0:16:34.10,0:16:38.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"about the problem and worried,\Nnot so much about our personal future,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:38.54,0:16:42.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"but the future of our children.\NI feel irresistibly taken towards
Dialogue: 0,0:16:42.25,0:16:45.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"a solution that,\Nalthough never once explored,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:45.73,0:16:47.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"today seems inevitable to me.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:47.72,0:16:50.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Perhaps in a year's time,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:50.41,0:16:54.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"we will find the need\Nto return to Italy."
Dialogue: 0,0:16:54.01,0:16:57.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Then they will become\None hundred percent Italians."
Dialogue: 0,0:16:58.07,0:17:01.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Probably if your father could have chosen,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:01.45,0:17:05.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he would have never wanted\Nto return to Italy.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:05.66,0:17:08.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would have said the same.\NBut, quite the opposite
Dialogue: 0,0:17:08.31,0:17:13.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because my father,\Ndue to having been betrayed by Italy,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:13.71,0:17:17.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,deeply desired to return to Italy.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:17.72,0:17:20.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Apart from the experience in Abadan,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:21.62,0:17:26.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also because life\Nin Palestine was truly very hard
Dialogue: 0,0:17:26.70,0:17:30.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and very difficult,\Nbecause of the work problem
Dialogue: 0,0:17:30.63,0:17:35.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the problem of the lack of apartments.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:35.72,0:17:40.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, we can't forget\Nthat the attention
Dialogue: 0,0:17:40.50,0:17:42.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the Palestinian Arabs
Dialogue: 0,0:17:43.18,0:17:47.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the British made life difficult.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:47.98,0:17:53.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we could return back in time.\N- Yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:53.91,0:17:57.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In September 1940,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:58.00,0:18:02.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tel Aviv was bombed\Nby Italian planes, right.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:02.44,0:18:07.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes.\N- They bombed Tel Aviv
Dialogue: 0,0:18:07.62,0:18:10.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it seems like there were one hundred\Nand fifty two deaths.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:10.53,0:18:13.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So life was very hard.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:13.58,0:18:16.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another tangent.\NIn other words,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:17.09,0:18:21.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of the big problems was also food.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:22.25,0:18:24.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example,\Nmy sister and I went to the {\i1}gan{\i0},
Dialogue: 0,0:18:24.77,0:18:28.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was like kindergarten.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:29.08,0:18:33.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To help you understand, at lunch they used\Nto give us half an egg to eat.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:34.47,0:18:36.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the other hand,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:36.83,0:18:41.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while facing this situation,\Nthere continuously remained
Dialogue: 0,0:18:41.86,0:18:45.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the hope of returning to Italy.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:45.87,0:18:49.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And how did Adelina live\Nwith the hope of returning?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:49.51,0:18:52.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I will read another significant passage:
Dialogue: 0,0:18:52.61,0:18:57.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I will never ask who is taking that step.\NHere I undoubtedly feel hesitant
Dialogue: 0,0:18:57.41,0:19:00.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"by instinct and by force of tradition.\NAnd I won't ever ask myself,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:00.90,0:19:04.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"not only out of obedience,\Nbut because, more than anything else,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:04.42,0:19:07.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I am concerned\Nabout doing everything possible
Dialogue: 0,0:19:07.80,0:19:10.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"for the future of our children."
Dialogue: 0,0:19:10.95,0:19:14.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Interviewer) {\i1}It's like saying,\Nshe was also willing to do her part.{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:19:14.78,0:19:18.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was a sense of pride\Nof returning to Italy,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:18.72,0:19:22.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that country that had dismissed them,\Nin order to guarantee
Dialogue: 0,0:19:22.31,0:19:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a future for you children.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:24.00,0:19:27.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here there is a...\N(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:19:27.91,0:19:31.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are many letters.\NIn any case, when my father says
Dialogue: 0,0:19:31.72,0:19:34.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they will become\None hundred percent Italians,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:34.84,0:19:40.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he also suggested\Nto my mom the idea
Dialogue: 0,0:19:40.98,0:19:43.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of us converting to Catholicism,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:43.99,0:19:46.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we were Jews.\N- (Interviewer) {\i1}Of course.{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:19:46.99,0:19:52.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, meanwhile,\Nthe Finzi of Trieste were
Dialogue: 0,0:19:53.29,0:19:55.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,almost completely assimilated.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:55.46,0:19:58.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is to say,\Nthey went to the synagogue twice a year.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:59.13,0:20:03.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead, my mom was\Nfrom a much more orthodox family,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:04.44,0:20:08.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They came from the Parrdo lineage,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:08.48,0:20:12.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was a very important Iberian family.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:12.20,0:20:14.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Parrdo which used to be Prado.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:14.40,0:20:18.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They came from Spain after the expulsion.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:18.74,0:20:21.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So my father proposes this idea
Dialogue: 0,0:20:21.95,0:20:25.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of converting to Catholicism.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:25.62,0:20:30.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order for his children to resolve...\N- (Interviewer) {\i1}To become{\i0}...
Dialogue: 0,0:20:30.82,0:20:34.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, to become entirely Italian,\Neven as a religion.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:34.56,0:20:39.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However my mom...\NHere it says that she was reluctant.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:39.19,0:20:43.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not because she was personally orthodox,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:43.32,0:20:48.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but because,\Nwhen it was known what was happening
Dialogue: 0,0:20:49.10,0:20:54.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Europe with the extermination camps\Nor some other difficult situation,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:54.70,0:20:57.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they absolutely didn't know\Nwhere my paternal
Dialogue: 0,0:20:58.21,0:21:00.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and maternal grandparents were.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:00.96,0:21:03.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, the news arrived,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:03.75,0:21:08.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even betraying the origin and...
Dialogue: 0,0:21:08.62,0:21:12.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Interviewer) It was quite heavy.\N- Yes, very heavy.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:12.72,0:21:18.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Speaking of, how did the news\Nabout the war arrive meanwhile
Dialogue: 0,0:21:18.53,0:21:22.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it continued in Europe?\NWas there just an awareness
Dialogue: 0,0:21:22.56,0:21:25.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of what was happening?\NWas there an awareness
Dialogue: 0,0:21:25.52,0:21:29.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the existence\Nof the extermination camps?
Dialogue: 0,0:21:29.82,0:21:32.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Above all, how did they also live\Nwith these dual feelings?
Dialogue: 0,0:21:32.75,0:21:34.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because, on the one hand,\Nthere was this hope
Dialogue: 0,0:21:34.86,0:21:38.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of being able to return\Nto a normal life in Italy one day.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:39.22,0:21:42.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the other hand,\Nthere was a lot of fear
Dialogue: 0,0:21:42.06,0:21:43.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also for the fate of loved ones.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:45.06,0:21:46.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They knew everything.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:47.14,0:21:52.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Both about the Jewish agency\Nand about the British.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:52.69,0:21:56.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The news arrived quite detailed.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:57.53,0:21:58.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't want to forget
Dialogue: 0,0:21:58.90,0:22:02.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there was a noteworthy group
Dialogue: 0,0:22:02.77,0:22:05.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of young Jews
Dialogue: 0,0:22:05.84,0:22:08.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were part of the Jewish brigade.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:09.71,0:22:13.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They fought alongside the British
Dialogue: 0,0:22:13.53,0:22:16.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they also fought in Italy.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:16.17,0:22:17.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then in all of Europe.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:18.32,0:22:22.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were the ones that said
Dialogue: 0,0:22:22.12,0:22:27.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they made it known in great deal\Nwhat was going to happen.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:27.61,0:22:31.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, they knew about everything\Nthat was coming
Dialogue: 0,0:22:31.27,0:22:33.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to Italy and Europe.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:34.40,0:22:39.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The concerns were precisely
Dialogue: 0,0:22:39.50,0:22:43.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that my paternal grandparents,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:43.69,0:22:48.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who later died in Auschwitz,\Ndidn't...
Dialogue: 0,0:22:48.28,0:22:53.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The last official news was transmitted\Nby a type of telegram
Dialogue: 0,0:22:54.26,0:22:58.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the Red Cross\Nin July of 1943.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:58.98,0:23:01.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My father knew absolutely nothing.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:02.09,0:23:03.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My mom didn't know either.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:03.54,0:23:08.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She knew that her parents were in hiding.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:08.79,0:23:10.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Her brother was in Switzerland.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:11.47,0:23:14.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they had absolutely no news.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:14.58,0:23:18.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They couldn't say or write anything,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:19.04,0:23:21.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the mail was altered.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:22.62,0:23:26.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Both the outgoing\Nand the incoming mail was altered.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:26.63,0:23:29.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I found that some of the letters...
Dialogue: 0,0:23:29.05,0:23:30.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Interviewer talking)\N- Yes, details.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:30.98,0:23:36.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were deleted\Nby the person that made the changes.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:36.72,0:23:40.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, dad needed to be attentive,\Nbecause they were altered by the British.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:41.21,0:23:43.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were altered by the Persians.\N(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:23:43.86,0:23:46.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then they were altered\Non arrival in Palestine.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:46.10,0:23:46.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, they were...
Dialogue: 0,0:23:46.88,0:23:50.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this situation,\Nthey also found themselves
Dialogue: 0,0:23:50.45,0:23:56.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a state\Nof uncertainty being far from Europe.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:56.37,0:23:59.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Being far \Nfrom what was happening in Europe.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:00.02,0:24:01.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Far from the war.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:03.06,0:24:08.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For a moment, Adelina perhaps had hoped,\Nfrom what Ledi writes,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:09.36,0:24:13.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that her family would have an advantage
Dialogue: 0,0:24:13.27,0:24:17.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over the immense tragedy\Nthat afflicted the Jews of Europe.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:18.04,0:24:21.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That they would all find themselves\Nreunited upon their return.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:21.26,0:24:23.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was almost this illusion, this hope.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:24.06,0:24:28.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Having high hopes is often the last idea.\NThey did have hope.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:28.98,0:24:33.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They hadn't had detailed news,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:34.42,0:24:39.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though then my dad's brother,\Nwho was...
Dialogue: 0,0:24:39.57,0:24:44.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was a doctor who lived in Bologna,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:44.95,0:24:50.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in the mountain area\Nof Monghidoro and Loiano.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:51.14,0:24:55.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He knew\Nthat his parents had been arrested
Dialogue: 0,0:24:55.29,0:24:56.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and had been deported.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:57.23,0:25:02.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, he had not communicated anything.\NEven though assuming,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:02.90,0:25:06.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they went to Auschwitz,\Nthere could have always been
Dialogue: 0,0:25:07.12,0:25:10.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the hope of their return\NTherefore, they hoped.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:11.31,0:25:14.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unfortunately, however,\Nthe terrible news arrived.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:14.58,0:25:19.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They also arrived in Palestine while\Nthe war by now...
Dialogue: 0,0:25:19.61,0:25:22.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was over.\N- By now it was over.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:22.28,0:25:26.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And like you said,\Nthe terrible news arrived by mail.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:26.40,0:25:31.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,News so terrible\Nthat Adelina cannot even transcribe them
Dialogue: 0,0:25:31.74,0:25:34.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a letter to Ettore.\NShe writes:
Dialogue: 0,0:25:34.34,0:25:38.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"My dear, unfortunately,\Nthe dreary news has arrived.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:38.28,0:25:41.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I am sending you the letter\Nbecause I don't have the courage
Dialogue: 0,0:25:41.38,0:25:42.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"to write about it."
Dialogue: 0,0:25:42.33,0:25:47.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's terrible.\NUnfortunately, they were effects
Dialogue: 0,0:25:47.09,0:25:51.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Interviewer) {\i1}of what just happened\Nin the war in Europe.{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:25:52.47,0:25:55.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Daniele) {\i1}In a letter separate\Nfrom the international cross.{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:25:55.75,0:25:59.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Interviewer) {\i1}Maybe in that exact moment\Nis when Ettore and Adelina understood{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:25:59.85,0:26:03.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what they had escaped from?
Dialogue: 0,0:26:03.71,0:26:08.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes without a doubt.\NI will also tell you
Dialogue: 0,0:26:08.95,0:26:14.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that when dad had\Nthe great idea of going to Palestine,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:14.84,0:26:19.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everyone criticized him;\Nfriends, parents, brothers, the sister,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:19.95,0:26:25.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they said:\N"You are always pessimistic".
Dialogue: 0,0:26:26.40,0:26:31.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He would rather have wanted them all\Nto also come with him.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:32.04,0:26:36.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However,\Nwe can say that he expected it,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:36.21,0:26:39.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also because the war
Dialogue: 0,0:26:39.87,0:26:43.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Europe ended on May 8, 1945.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:44.10,0:26:46.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The news gets to him in August.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:47.36,0:26:53.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Given that months go by\Nwhere he doesn't receive
Dialogue: 0,0:26:53.15,0:26:57.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,positive news,\Nhe feared for the lives of his parents.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:57.74,0:27:00.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Excuse me, if you allow me...\N(Interviewer) {\i1}Sure.{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:27:00.07,0:27:04.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But before the communication
Dialogue: 0,0:27:04.48,0:27:07.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the deaths of his parents,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:07.56,0:27:10.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he received communication from Sweden
Dialogue: 0,0:27:10.68,0:27:14.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that said his sister had been saved.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:17.11,0:27:23.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then my aunt Yolanda Clara was part\Nof that group of prisoners
Dialogue: 0,0:27:23.10,0:27:28.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were moved\Nfrom Auschwitz in December 1944.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:28.01,0:27:32.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were moved west\Nbecause the Red Army was coming.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:32.15,0:27:34.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since they didn't want them to see
Dialogue: 0,0:27:34.71,0:27:39.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a mass of prisoners in Auschwitz,\Nthey were moved.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:40.41,0:27:44.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She was then liberated\Nin the north of Ravensbrück
Dialogue: 0,0:27:46.29,0:27:49.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in April 1945.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:49.09,0:27:52.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She was then transferred\Nto Sweden to recover.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:53.54,0:27:59.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have said that at this point,\Nthe war had ended and Ettore and Adelina
Dialogue: 0,0:27:59.40,0:28:04.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,along with their children decide\Nto return to Italy.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:04.71,0:28:09.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How difficult was it once again to start\Nfrom scratch because they actually had
Dialogue: 0,0:28:09.23,0:28:10.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to start from scratch.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:10.29,0:28:12.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ah yes.\NIt was difficult.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:12.62,0:28:17.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My father's brother helped him obtain\Na job at his work in Sansepolcro.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:18.46,0:28:22.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He spoke with Mr. Marco Vittoni,\Nwho said:
Dialogue: 0,0:28:22.14,0:28:26.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I am willing to hire your brother\Nbecause he is a chemist.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:26.66,0:28:32.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Also, I want a change of pace\Nfor the company, etc".
Dialogue: 0,0:28:32.66,0:28:38.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when we arrived in Italy in May 1946,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:38.40,0:28:40.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a short stop in Bologna\Nand then to Parma
Dialogue: 0,0:28:40.68,0:28:42.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with my maternal grandparents,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:42.57,0:28:45.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then to Sansepolcro precisely
Dialogue: 0,0:28:45.91,0:28:51.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in November of 1946, \Nwe had absolutely nothing.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:52.33,0:28:54.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there was nothing...\N(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:28:54.21,0:28:56.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Interviewer) {\i1}Without a doubt,\Na country in devastation.{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:28:56.83,0:28:58.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, a country in devastation.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:58.51,0:29:03.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I remember the pathway with holes.\NI remember the Tower of Berta Square
Dialogue: 0,0:29:03.04,0:29:06.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a pile of ruins.\N- The Tower of Berta Square was destroyed.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:06.77,0:29:12.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I repeat, it was also a problem to eat.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:12.37,0:29:16.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I remember my dad rented\Na furnished apartment
Dialogue: 0,0:29:16.53,0:29:21.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Saint Claire Square\Nin which the conditions were really...
Dialogue: 0,0:29:21.91,0:29:24.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Insecure.\N- Very insecure.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:24.13,0:29:28.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they were young\Nand they wanted to start over.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:28.72,0:29:31.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was my sister and myself.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:31.27,0:29:36.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They wanted to put a painful time
Dialogue: 0,0:29:36.78,0:29:39.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of their lives behind them and start over.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:39.55,0:29:44.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have previously already answered\Nthat there was resentment towards
Dialogue: 0,0:29:44.76,0:29:49.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that country that made them escape\Nand also towards those friends
Dialogue: 0,0:29:49.70,0:29:52.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that...\N- No.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:52.47,0:29:56.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were against the idea\Nof the Racial Laws.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:56.40,0:29:59.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No, absolutely not.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:59.02,0:30:02.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Other than it being something\Nthat is part of our DNA,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:02.69,0:30:06.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,resentment is useless.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:06.30,0:30:09.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was taught\Nthat it's best to let things go,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:10.82,0:30:12.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,move forward,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:12.20,0:30:17.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have the will to start again,\Nand to overcome difficulties.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:17.05,0:30:17.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not resentment.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:17.94,0:30:23.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I never heard my father\Nnor my mother speak ill
Dialogue: 0,0:30:23.53,0:30:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Italians.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:25.33,0:30:28.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, it was upsetting to have lost.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:29.41,0:30:30.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Interviewer talking)\N- Yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:30.70,0:30:36.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To having lost parents.\NTo having lost years of work.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:36.34,0:30:41.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My mom could not return to work\Nin Milan because there was no way
Dialogue: 0,0:30:41.77,0:30:42.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to find a home.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:44.52,0:30:47.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2011,\Nthe epistolary
Dialogue: 0,0:30:47.38,0:30:52.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Ettore Finzi and Adelina was donated
Dialogue: 0,0:30:52.92,0:30:56.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the Pieve diary archives.\NIt's awarded the {\i1}Premio Pieve{\i0}.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:56.86,0:31:02.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First and foremost, how were you able\Nto find these letters again,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:02.80,0:31:06.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they were made public\Nby the decision of donating them.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:07.33,0:31:11.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My father died on June 18, 2002.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:13.72,0:31:18.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He lived in an apartment\Nin Parma and in August,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:18.59,0:31:20.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was ready to let go\Nof the apartment.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:21.61,0:31:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By chance, I found a bag in his office,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:27.45,0:31:31.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a leather one with straps\Nthat holds documents.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:31.96,0:31:37.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were letters inside\Nthis document holder.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:38.69,0:31:42.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there were two notebooks,\Nblack ones with a red border
Dialogue: 0,0:31:42.95,0:31:46.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were used in the past,\Nand inside was his diary.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:47.33,0:31:51.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I understood right away\Nbecause I have done historical research
Dialogue: 0,0:31:51.65,0:31:55.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for many years, so I understood\Nit was something interesting.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:56.02,0:31:59.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I found it strange\Nthat my father never told me anything,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:59.67,0:32:02.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because he didn't say to me:\N"Listen,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:02.79,0:32:06.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"there are letters and diaries".
Dialogue: 0,0:32:06.67,0:32:10.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so I took them all to my house,\Nto my office and I left them there
Dialogue: 0,0:32:10.74,0:32:12.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for a year, a year and a half.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:13.36,0:32:16.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then I gradually began\Nto read them with a bit of fear.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:17.54,0:32:21.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because with diaries and letters...\N- (Interviewer) {\i1}One will find{\i0}...
Dialogue: 0,0:32:21.70,0:32:26.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,always find something intimate.\NThen I think in my family,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:26.12,0:32:31.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nothing would ever be talked about.\NNo one had ever commented,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:31.57,0:32:35.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or made any references.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:35.90,0:32:40.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then I gradually began\Nto transcribe these letters.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:40.14,0:32:43.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can't tell you how I did so,\Nbecause they were written...
Dialogue: 0,0:32:43.91,0:32:45.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Interviewer) {\i1}No doubt handwritten.{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:32:45.57,0:32:49.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, handwritten with a fountain pen,\Non tissue paper,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:49.34,0:32:51.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because back then it was airmail paper.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:52.22,0:32:56.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In short,\Nit was a type of job
Dialogue: 0,0:32:56.36,0:32:58.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that strained the eyes.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:59.63,0:33:05.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In any case, I did this transcription job\Nof the diary, of the letters, etc.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:05.53,0:33:08.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had the idea of publishing
Dialogue: 0,0:33:08.76,0:33:13.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the copy or, in other words,\Nthe full version
Dialogue: 0,0:33:14.30,0:33:16.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of this diary, of these letters.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:17.34,0:33:22.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just to be certain...\NI was already collaborating
Dialogue: 0,0:33:22.76,0:33:26.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the diary archives\Nfor some time for my own research
Dialogue: 0,0:33:27.24,0:33:30.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the topics of Rinisci, Paganini, etc.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:31.03,0:33:35.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just to be certain,\NI went to Pieve Santo Stefano
Dialogue: 0,0:33:36.76,0:33:39.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I had the volume in hand.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:40.21,0:33:43.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was Cristina Cangi,\Nwho you will meet.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:43.95,0:33:46.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And she asked me:\N"What is that professor"?
Dialogue: 0,0:33:46.93,0:33:52.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"It's work that I did".\N- "Why don't you submit it for the award"?
Dialogue: 0,0:33:52.93,0:33:57.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I said I really had not thought\Nabout wanting to publish it.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:58.04,0:34:03.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then I start reading\Nsome very interesting things,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:03.68,0:34:04.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then I submit it.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:04.96,0:34:09.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They asked me for the archive\Nand also for the letters,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:09.97,0:34:11.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I wasn't going to do that.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:11.79,0:34:17.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's possible\Nto read this publication
Dialogue: 0,0:34:17.01,0:34:19.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is titled {\i1}Transparenti{\i0},\Nin which the documentation
Dialogue: 0,0:34:19.61,0:34:23.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is presented,\Nand published by {\i1}Il Mulino{\i0}.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:23.88,0:34:28.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our arrangement time has ended,\Nalthough we would like to talk for hours
Dialogue: 0,0:34:28.15,0:34:34.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about this story that is a bit similar,\Nby certain passages and elements,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:34.14,0:34:36.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the story\Nof many other families.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:36.90,0:34:39.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also similar to the province of Arezzo.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:40.14,0:34:44.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Perhaps there will be a way\Nto talk more about it in the future.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:44.45,0:34:46.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you Daniele Finzi.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:46.94,0:34:52.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks to all of you\Nwho have followed our episode,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:52.56,0:34:54.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a special episode\Nthat was made possible
Dialogue: 0,0:34:54.78,0:35:00.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in collaboration\Nwith The Archives of Pieve Santo Stefano.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:00.42,0:35:03.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I naturally thank The Archives.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:03.67,0:35:08.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The archives\Nfor this episode were made available
Dialogue: 0,0:35:08.26,0:35:10.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by Nadia Frulli.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:10.63,0:35:15.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you to all of you\Nfor watching the program.