[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.26,0:00:10.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People from Here
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.30,0:00:17.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Welcome back to People from Here.\NWhat we want to tell you today
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.24,0:00:22.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the story of two young people,\Nof two young people with high hopes.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.80,0:00:27.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is Adelina,\Na brilliant lawyer who works
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.04,0:00:32.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at a prestigious legal firm in Milan.\NThen there is Ettore,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.26,0:00:36.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an industrial chemist.\NThe future can only smile
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.61,0:00:40.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,upon Adelina and Ettore.\NActually,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.17,0:00:46.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their future will be more turbulent\Nthank they could have ever imagined.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.64,0:00:53.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact,\Nin 1938 Ettore and Adelina are Jewish.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.70,0:01:00.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On September 18th,\Nfrom the balcony of Trieste's town hall,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.24,0:01:06.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Benito Mussolini announced\Nfor the first time the Racial Laws
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.32,0:01:08.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the defense of the race.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.53,0:01:16.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The world of those two young people\Nsuddenly collapses under their feet.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.15,0:01:22.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We will tell this story\Nabout Ettore and Adelina
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.72,0:01:27.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the eve of the day.\NWe will tell it with the son
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.19,0:01:31.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Ettore and Adelina,\NDaniele Finzi, who in 2011,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.13,0:01:38.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,decided to donate\Nhis parents letters and documents
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.10,0:01:42.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to The Archives of Pieve Santo Stefano.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.25,0:01:46.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Shortly we will also discuss why\Nthis choice was made.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.54,0:01:50.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now I would like to start\Nwith September 1938.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.99,0:01:58.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with Mussolini's announcement\Nof the laws for the defense of the race.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.20,0:02:02.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ettore and Adelina immediately started\Nto understand that there wasn't
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.62,0:02:05.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a future for them in that country.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.61,0:02:10.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Deciding to leave their country was\Na difficult decision,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.22,0:02:14.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a difficult decision,\Nbut one that will save their lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.17,0:02:25.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, my father Ettore Finzi was\Nvery knowledgable about history.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.32,0:02:29.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also because he knew German very well.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.85,0:02:34.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He had two aunts, aunt Genie\Nand aunt Lazigudita Gentiluomo,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.35,0:02:36.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who both lived in Vienna.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.58,0:02:45.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He had followed all\Nthe Nazi antisemitism up to March 1938.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.92,0:02:56.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when the Race Manifesto was published\Nin July 1938, he didn't expect it.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.05,0:03:02.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He knew what the contents were about\Nand he also hoped that Italy would be
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.78,0:03:06.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a little different from Germany.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.42,0:03:17.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And my father, more than my mother,\Nmade quick and immediate decisions.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.22,0:03:21.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was also very intuitive.\NHe had known my mom only a few months,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.68,0:03:25.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he returns\Nto these months in April 1938.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.94,0:03:32.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was love at first sight\Nand because of the Race Manifesto
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.78,0:03:35.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the Racial Laws,\Nthey decided to get married.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.61,0:03:39.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were married in Milan\Non December 1, 1938.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.03,0:03:43.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1938. We arrive in 1939.\N- Yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.87,0:03:46.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An ominous date for many.\N- Yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.46,0:03:49.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Very unjust, but there is a turning point.\N- There is a...
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.17,0:03:55.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ettore and Adelina decide to leave.\NOr rather, how do they depart?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.60,0:03:58.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because, in a sense,\Nthey leave informed.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.25,0:04:03.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes and no.\NThe problem is immediate
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.79,0:04:05.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that of money.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.20,0:04:13.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because the White Paper of the British,\Na policy from maybe February
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.89,0:04:22.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or March of 1939, \Nallowed a total of 75,000 Jews
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.62,0:04:27.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to enter Palestine for five years.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.55,0:04:33.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, to qualify to enter,\Nevery person needed to have 1,000 stars.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.04,0:04:36.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because, like we said, they had chosen.\N- To go to...
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.76,0:04:38.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The goal was Palestine.\N- Yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.63,0:04:43.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The choice was not a coincidence,\Nbecause my father had also thought
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.55,0:04:44.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about Latin America.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.20,0:04:50.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the idea of going \Nto Palestine was because it was nearby.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.95,0:04:53.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was from Trieste so it was close.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.98,0:04:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He also hoped his parents could join him.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.00,0:05:00.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In any case, \Nthe issue of money was really
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.85,0:05:04.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a huge problem\Nbecause they didn't have any.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.57,0:05:09.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, thanks to the lawyer Gianni Morandi,\Nwho was the owner of the firm
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.37,0:05:16.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where my mom worked,\Nthey went to Zurich for their honeymoon.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.48,0:05:21.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then they went to Lugano\Nto gather clients for the lawyer.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.65,0:05:26.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was to put towards this large sum.\NAnd I still remember two leather bags
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.62,0:05:32.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with thousands of little stars inside.\NThey were gold little stars.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.99,0:05:38.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At this point, they reach Palestine.\NA tangent here about Palestine.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.50,0:05:42.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The State of Israel still didn't exist.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.26,0:05:47.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There wasn't any money to protect them.\NTherefore, they had to start from scratch.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.21,0:05:52.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, and so, they started all over again\Nfrom January to April 1, 1939.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.99,0:05:57.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They arrived in Haifa on April 6th.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.46,0:06:05.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, because as of 1922,\Nthe British controlled Palestine.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.16,0:06:12.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were Palestinian Arabs.\NThe Jewish Palestinians were organized
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.74,0:06:20.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the {\i1}Yishuv{\i0}, who were more concerned\Nwith the {\i1}kibbutz{\i0} and wanted
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.84,0:06:24.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to dedicate themselves\Nto agriculture, etc.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.01,0:06:31.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the foundation, the political one,\Nwas led by the Arab agency.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.32,0:06:35.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Arab agency was, well,\NI'll give you an example.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.80,0:06:44.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They arrived in Tel Aviv on April 7th\Nand twenty days after,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.70,0:06:49.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were in school learning modern Hebrew\Nbecause there were various Jews
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.63,0:06:57.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Tel Aviv from every part of Europe.\NIt was necessary
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.52,0:07:02.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to learn this common language.\NSo, there was some organization,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.93,0:07:04.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there were a lot of problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.56,0:07:07.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In any case, where I mentally find...\N- Ah yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.29,0:07:10.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this small amount of protection.\NHowever, they had to start...
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.60,0:07:12.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, they had to restart.\N- from scratch.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.52,0:07:17.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the other hand, however,\Nthere was a lot of bitterness
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.12,0:07:21.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was left behind by the fact\Nof having to abandon...
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.34,0:07:22.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes.\N- Italy.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.84,0:07:26.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Having to leave Italy was stressful.\N- Yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.75,0:07:30.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In regard to this,\NI will also read an excerpt
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.31,0:07:35.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the letters\Nthat have been donated to the archive,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.22,0:07:43.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,diaries in which Ettore specifically tells\Nabout what he was feeling shortly after
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.21,0:07:48.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the time in which he abandoned Italy.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.28,0:07:52.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We will read this excerpt:\N"When I left Italy four months ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.37,0:07:56.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"feeling more disgusted by the burden\Nof having to leave the country
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.60,0:07:59.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"than for the imminent danger,\Nmany of my colleagues
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.07,0:08:02.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and friends were quick\Nto express to me their discontent
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.34,0:08:03.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"about what was happening.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.78,0:08:06.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Through their conversations,\NI felt they knew about condolences
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.80,0:08:09.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and they ended up\Nonly making me withdraw.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.09,0:08:14.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"They were whispered conversations solely\Nbecause they knew me
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.53,0:08:17.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and thought highly of me.\NFor many, being an example against
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.64,0:08:21.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"the persecution of Jews not being born\Nin Italy, could also be considered fair,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.43,0:08:25.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"because it is understood that they came\Nto the country to make a fortune
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.05,0:08:28.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"by going behind other's backs.\NThey had some expert political views.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.77,0:08:34.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The Fascist government's right\Nto persecute people that it had let into
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.35,0:08:36.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"the country was generally recognized."
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.69,0:08:40.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, so Ettore felt betrayed by Italy?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.31,0:08:45.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Without a doubt.\NAs I was saying prior,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.10,0:08:47.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also because my father was from Trieste.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.30,0:08:54.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From his father, my grandfather,\Nhe had also received an irredentist
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.21,0:08:55.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and nationalist upbringing.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.75,0:09:03.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Trieste has always been divided\Nbetween people from Trieste, Austria...
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.71,0:09:05.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's say Austrians.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.84,0:09:11.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and irredentists,\Nthose who love Italy, Italian culture,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.23,0:09:14.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Italian language,\Nlike my grandfather and the Slovenians.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.88,0:09:23.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He had received this upbringing,\Nand so he was an irredentist nationalist.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.09,0:09:29.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Additionally, he was a genius official,\Nand he felt like an Italian.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.30,0:09:35.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He loved Italy\Nand he felt betrayed by this terrible law.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.20,0:09:44.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In addition, in Ettore's letters,\Nin this text, it also highlights
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.10,0:09:47.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a responsibility\Nby the Italian people themselves
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.72,0:09:49.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for what was happening.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.37,0:09:51.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He writes:\N"The political maturity
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.26,0:09:54.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"of the Italian people\Nis apparently that of government rule
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.10,0:09:56.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"that it has and that it deserves."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.36,0:09:59.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is a precise responsibility\Nby the people.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.24,0:10:04.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, the Italian people's problem...\N(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.91,0:10:09.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Living yes...\Nlike saying living today like yesterday.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.87,0:10:16.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In other words,\Nthe lack of personal responsibility
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.07,0:10:24.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and accepting anything,\Nlike a leader or a guide,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.68,0:10:30.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that which has\Nan uglier appearance, if you will.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.88,0:10:35.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that Trieste...\NNot coincidentally Mussolini
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.24,0:10:38.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and September 18, 1938,\Nwhere they were
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.62,0:10:42.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the Unity of Italy Square\Nto present the Racial Laws.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.66,0:10:45.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not only because of\Nthe nationalism that was there,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.97,0:10:52.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but because Trieste was\Na very multiethnic, multicultural city.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.100,0:10:59.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were more than two centuries\Nin which ethnic groups were diverse.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.82,0:11:01.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They coexisted.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.39,0:11:07.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But at the very moment\Nin which Mussolini showed his cruelty
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.08,0:11:12.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,towards Jews, who, I repeat,\Nwere real Italians, and felt as such,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.71,0:11:17.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and had also fought\Nfor Italy during the First World War,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.62,0:11:24.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the point, everyone was inclined\Nto accept Fascist rule.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.02,0:11:30.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We return to Ettore and Adelina,\Nwho, because of their decisions,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.48,0:11:39.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leave the Second World War behind,\Nin which the persecution of Jews
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.18,0:11:41.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the holocaust is about to start.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.62,0:11:48.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They leave behind the errors of the war,\Nhowever, like you said, they face a life
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.90,0:11:50.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is not easy.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.22,0:11:55.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like we said,\NAdelina was a lawyer with a great career.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.48,0:11:59.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She finds herself having\Nto start her work up again.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.61,0:12:05.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, because the main difficulty was\Na work shortage.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.30,0:12:10.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was an excess of workers\N(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.36,0:12:14.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from Tel Aviv.\NAnd then, there were few jobs
Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.79,0:12:16.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or they were completely insecure.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.36,0:12:20.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another big problem was\Na housing shortage.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.54,0:12:27.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So much so that my parents were forced\Nto live with a family,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.41,0:12:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a Polish family in an apartment.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.41,0:12:35.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Above all,\Nthe main difficulty was the work shortage.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.07,0:12:40.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also because the two bags\Nof the two thousand stars were not
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.29,0:12:44.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be touched at all.\NMy father was not flexible.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.10,0:12:53.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My mom then, as long as my father remained\Nin Tel Aviv until August 23, 1944,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.97,0:12:58.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when he went to work\Nat the British oil refinery...
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.02,0:12:59.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Interviewer Talking)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.03,0:13:03.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No, he was also with my mom\Nbecause they then had my sister first,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.36,0:13:09.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then I was born in 1942.\NSo when my father left,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.06,0:13:18.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he felt the obligation to work\Nto support the family.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.05,0:13:25.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He also liked the idea\Nof having money to freely spend.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.50,0:13:30.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As mentioned, your mother was free...\N- Yes, free.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.46,0:13:31.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Palestine.\N- Yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.95,0:13:36.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your father, on the other hand,\Nhad to move abroad to Persia
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.36,0:13:41.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because, meanwhile, he found work\Nwith an oil company.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.97,0:13:48.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So two lovers who find themselves\Nfar apart in a foreign land,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.18,0:13:53.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the only point of contact\Nbetween these two people becomes
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.28,0:13:56.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the writing, the letters\Nthat will then become so important
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.66,0:14:00.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for documentation, for their memories.\N- Yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.17,0:14:05.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, if my father accepts\Nthis two year contract
Dialogue: 0,0:14:05.83,0:14:13.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with this Iranian company,\Nhe would be in Abadan in Persia.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:13.29,0:14:17.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it was indeed a military zone.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.64,0:14:21.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He would do his work there\Nas an industrial chemist.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.91,0:14:26.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, he had to detach\Nand leave his wife,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.93,0:14:28.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,his children in Tel Aviv.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.77,0:14:36.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, although very tired,\Nevery evening my mom wrote
Dialogue: 0,0:14:36.22,0:14:42.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and reported what had happened\Nduring her workday,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.46,0:14:46.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because she had found work\Nwith a company that was part
Dialogue: 0,0:14:46.61,0:14:50.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the Tel Aviv pharmaceutical industry.\NAfter then being fired,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:51.32,0:14:59.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she went to work at a house to iron.\NSo, she could do anything.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.12,0:15:07.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She reported with great ability,\Ndescriptive, careful about everything
Dialogue: 0,0:15:07.27,0:15:13.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that went on during the day.\NRather, my father sometimes wrote letters
Dialogue: 0,0:15:13.07,0:15:17.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with extensive description.\NHe explained to her a bit about his duty,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.60,0:15:22.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,weather problems because it was very hot,\Nrelationships with the British,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:22.76,0:15:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and with the local population\Nthat was in truly devastating conditions.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:28.04,0:15:31.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were letters that,\Namong other things...
Dialogue: 0,0:15:31.82,0:15:37.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you permit me a tangent.\NThey were things one absolutely knew
Dialogue: 0,0:15:37.47,0:15:41.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I didn't even know\Nthe letters existed.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:41.69,0:15:46.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then perhaps we can also elaborate\Non how they were found.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:46.51,0:15:50.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then also about how the decision\Nto publish them came about.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:50.94,0:15:54.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's go back.\NWe had said that while Ettore
Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.62,0:15:58.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Adelina were in Palestine,\Ntheir children were born.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:58.27,0:15:59.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, my sister...\N- You were born
Dialogue: 0,0:15:59.98,0:16:01.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and your sister Ana was born.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.87,0:16:06.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is fitting that the future\Nof these two children was often focused on
Dialogue: 0,0:16:06.70,0:16:10.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in these letters that Ettore\Nand Adelina exchange.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:10.92,0:16:14.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would like to read another\Nparticularly significant passage
Dialogue: 0,0:16:14.24,0:16:22.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is again written by Ettore\Nfrom Abadan in February 23, 1945:
Dialogue: 0,0:16:23.14,0:16:26.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"If on one hand, the war tends\Nto be nearing its end, on the other,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:26.78,0:16:30.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"for us, the situation in Palestine\Nis taking a favorable turn.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:30.30,0:16:34.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"These days, I am overthinking\Nand continuously thinking
Dialogue: 0,0:16:34.10,0:16:38.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"about the problem and worried,\Nnot so much about our personal future,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:38.55,0:16:42.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"but the future of our children.\NI feel irresistibly taken towards
Dialogue: 0,0:16:42.25,0:16:45.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"a solution that,\Nalthough never once explored,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:45.73,0:16:47.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"today seems inevitable to me.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:47.64,0:16:53.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Perhaps in a year's time we will find\Nthe need to have to return to Italy.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:54.01,0:16:57.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Then they will become\None hundred percent Italians."
Dialogue: 0,0:16:58.07,0:17:04.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Probably if your father could have chosen,\Nhe would have never wanted
Dialogue: 0,0:17:04.49,0:17:05.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to return to Italy.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:05.64,0:17:09.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, I would not have wanted to also.\NQuite the opposite because my father,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:09.58,0:17:17.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,due to having been betrayed by Italy,\Ndeeply desired to return to Italy.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:17.70,0:17:21.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Apart from the experience in Abadan,\Nalso because life
Dialogue: 0,0:17:21.48,0:17:28.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Palestine was truly very hard,\Nvery difficult because
Dialogue: 0,0:17:28.54,0:17:35.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the work problem,\Nand the problem of the lack of apartments.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:35.72,0:17:40.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, we can't forget\Nthat the attention
Dialogue: 0,0:17:40.42,0:17:47.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the Palestinian Arabs\Nand the British made life difficult.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:47.98,0:17:53.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we could return back in time...\N- Yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:53.86,0:18:02.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In September 1940, Tel Aviv was bombed\Nby Italian planes, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:02.48,0:18:07.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes.\N- They bombed Tel Aviv
Dialogue: 0,0:18:07.62,0:18:10.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it seems like there were one hundred\Nand fifty two deaths.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:10.54,0:18:14.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So life was very hard.\NAnother tangent.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:15.12,0:18:21.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean,\None of the big problems was also food.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:22.25,0:18:29.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, my sister and I went\Nto the {\i1}gan{\i0}, which was like kindergarten.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:29.13,0:18:33.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To help you understand, at lunch they used\Nto give us half an egg to eat.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:34.47,0:18:38.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the other hand,\Nwhile facing this situation,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:38.39,0:18:45.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the hope of returning\Nto Italy continuously remained.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:45.87,0:18:49.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And how did Adelina live\Nwith the hope of returning?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:49.51,0:18:55.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I will read another significant passage:\N"I will never ask those taking that step.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:55.41,0:18:59.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Here I feel undoubtedly hesitant\Nby instinct and by force of tradition.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:59.84,0:19:02.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"And I won't ever ask myself,\Nnot only out of obedience,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:02.51,0:19:06.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"but because more than anything else,\NI am concerned
Dialogue: 0,0:19:06.12,0:19:10.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"about doing everything possible\Nfor the future of our children."
Dialogue: 0,0:19:10.90,0:19:14.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's like saying,\Nshe was also willing to do her part.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:14.78,0:19:18.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was a sense of pride\Nof returning to Italy,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:18.76,0:19:22.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that country that had dismissed them,\Nin order to guarantee
Dialogue: 0,0:19:22.31,0:19:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a future for you children.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:24.00,0:19:27.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here there is a...\N(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:19:27.91,0:19:31.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are many letters.\NIn any case, when my father says
Dialogue: 0,0:19:31.72,0:19:34.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they will become\None hundred percent Italians,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:34.84,0:19:43.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he also proposes to my mom\Nthe idea of converting to Catholicism,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:43.93,0:19:46.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we were Jews.\N- (Interviewer) Of course.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:46.95,0:19:55.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Meanwhile, the Finzi from Trieste were\Nalmost completely assimilated.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:55.48,0:19:58.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is to say,\Nthey went to the temple twice a year.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:59.02,0:20:04.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead, my mom was\Nfrom a much more orthodox family,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:04.39,0:20:12.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They came from the Parrdo,\Na very important Iberian family.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:12.24,0:20:18.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Parrdo which used to be Prado.\NThey came from Spain after the expulsion.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:18.74,0:20:25.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So my father proposes this idea\Nof converting to Catholicism
Dialogue: 0,0:20:25.54,0:20:30.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order for his children...\N- To become...
Dialogue: 0,0:20:30.84,0:20:34.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, to become entirely Italian,\Neven as a religion.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:34.55,0:20:39.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However my mom... Here it says\Nthat she was reluctant.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:39.19,0:20:46.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not because she was personally orthodox,\Nbut because, in that moment when
Dialogue: 0,0:20:46.76,0:20:51.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was known what was happening\Nin Europe, the extermination camps
Dialogue: 0,0:20:51.60,0:20:56.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or another difficult situation,\Nthey absolutely didn't know
Dialogue: 0,0:20:56.84,0:21:00.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where my paternal\Nand maternal grandparents were.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:00.58,0:21:08.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, however, the news arrived,\Neven betraying the origin and...
Dialogue: 0,0:21:08.62,0:21:12.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was quite heavy.\N- Yes, very heavy.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:12.72,0:21:18.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By the way, how did the news\Nabout the war arrive meanwhile
Dialogue: 0,0:21:18.53,0:21:22.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it continued in Europe?\NWas there just an awareness
Dialogue: 0,0:21:22.56,0:21:25.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of what was happening?\NWas there an awareness
Dialogue: 0,0:21:25.52,0:21:29.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the existence\Nof the extermination camps?
Dialogue: 0,0:21:29.82,0:21:32.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Above all, how did they also live\Nwith these dual feelings?
Dialogue: 0,0:21:32.75,0:21:34.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because, on the one hand,\Nthere was this hope
Dialogue: 0,0:21:34.86,0:21:38.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of being able to return one day\Nto a normal life in Italy.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:39.22,0:21:42.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the other hand, however,\Nthere was a lot of fear
Dialogue: 0,0:21:42.06,0:21:43.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also for the fate of loved ones.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:44.82,0:21:46.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They knew everything.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:47.02,0:21:52.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Both about the Jewish agency\Nand the British.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:52.57,0:21:56.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The news arrived quite detailed.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:57.50,0:22:05.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't want to forget a noteworthy group\Nof young Jews that were part
Dialogue: 0,0:22:05.81,0:22:09.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the Jewish brigade.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:09.68,0:22:16.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They fought alongside the British\Nand they also fought in Italy.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:16.17,0:22:18.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then in all of Europe.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:18.34,0:22:26.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were the ones who said\Nthat they gave very detailed news
Dialogue: 0,0:22:26.48,0:22:27.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of what was happening.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:27.61,0:22:33.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, they knew about everything\Nthat was coming to Italy and Europe.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:34.40,0:22:43.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The concerns were\Nabout my paternal grandparents,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:43.69,0:22:47.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those who later died in Auschwitz,\Nthat they didn't...
Dialogue: 0,0:22:47.88,0:22:55.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The last official news was transmitted\Nby a type of telegram of the Red Cross
Dialogue: 0,0:22:55.78,0:23:01.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in July of 1943.\NMy father knew absolutely nothing.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:02.08,0:23:09.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My mom didn't know.\NShe knew that her parents were hidden.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:09.06,0:23:10.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Her brother was in Switzerland.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:11.47,0:23:14.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they had absolutely no news.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:14.58,0:23:21.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They couldn't say or write anything\Nbecause the mail was altered.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:22.60,0:23:26.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Outgoing and incoming mail was altered.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:26.63,0:23:32.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I found that at least some details\Nin the letters had been deleted precisely
Dialogue: 0,0:23:32.64,0:23:36.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the person that did the alterations.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:36.74,0:23:40.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, dad needed to be careful\Nbecause they were altered by the British.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:41.21,0:23:45.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were altered by the Persians.\NThen they were altered on arrival
Dialogue: 0,0:23:45.53,0:23:47.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Palestine.\NSo, they were...
Dialogue: 0,0:23:47.11,0:23:50.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this situation,\Nthey also found themselves in a state
Dialogue: 0,0:23:50.45,0:23:58.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of uncertainty being far from Europe,\Nfar from what was happening
Dialogue: 0,0:23:58.37,0:24:01.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Europe,\Nfar from the war.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:03.07,0:24:08.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For a moment, Adelina perhaps had hoped,\Nfrom what Ledi writes,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:09.34,0:24:16.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that her family would have an advantage\Nover the immense tragedy
Dialogue: 0,0:24:16.13,0:24:18.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that afflicted the Jews of Europe.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:18.04,0:24:21.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That they would all find themselves\Nreunited upon their return.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:21.26,0:24:23.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was almost this illusion, this hope.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:24.06,0:24:28.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Having high hopes is often the last idea.\NThey did have hope.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:29.02,0:24:38.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They didn't have detailed news\Neven if my dad's brother
Dialogue: 0,0:24:38.35,0:24:47.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a doctor who lived in Bologna,\Nbut in the mountains
Dialogue: 0,0:24:47.72,0:24:50.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the area\Nof Monghidoro and Loiano.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:51.17,0:24:55.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He knew\Nthat his parents had been arrested,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:55.29,0:24:56.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they had been deported.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:57.23,0:25:02.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, he had not communicated anything.\NEven though, assuming they went
Dialogue: 0,0:25:02.90,0:25:07.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to Auschwitz, there could have always been\Nthe hope of returning.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:07.84,0:25:11.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Therefore, they hoped.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:11.47,0:25:14.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unfortunately, however,\Nthe terrible news was that they arrived.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:14.64,0:25:19.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They also arrived in Palestine while\Nthe war by now...
Dialogue: 0,0:25:19.61,0:25:22.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was over.\N- By now it was over.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:22.28,0:25:26.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And like you said,\Nthe terrible news arrived by mail.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:26.42,0:25:31.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,News so terrible\Nthat Adelina cannot even transcribe them
Dialogue: 0,0:25:31.74,0:25:34.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a letter to Ettore.\NShe writes:
Dialogue: 0,0:25:34.44,0:25:38.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"My dear, unfortunately,\Nthe dreary news has arrived.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:38.26,0:25:41.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I am sending you the letter\Nbecause I don't have the courage
Dialogue: 0,0:25:41.13,0:25:42.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"to write about it."
Dialogue: 0,0:25:42.33,0:25:47.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's terrible.\NUnfortunately, they were reactions
Dialogue: 0,0:25:47.09,0:25:51.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to what had just happened\Nin the war in Europe.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:51.73,0:25:55.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In a communication letter separate\Nfrom the international cross.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:55.75,0:25:59.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe in that exact moment Ettore\Nand Adelina understood
Dialogue: 0,0:25:59.50,0:26:03.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what they had escaped from?
Dialogue: 0,0:26:03.67,0:26:08.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes without a doubt.\NI will also tell you
Dialogue: 0,0:26:08.95,0:26:14.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that when my father had\Nthe idea of going to Palestine,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:14.86,0:26:19.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everyone criticized him;\Nfriends, parents, brothers, the sister,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:19.92,0:26:25.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they said:\N"You are always pessimistic".
Dialogue: 0,0:26:26.40,0:26:31.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He would rather have wanted them all\Nto also come with him.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:32.04,0:26:38.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, he expected it,\Nalso because the war
Dialogue: 0,0:26:38.69,0:26:44.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Europe ended on May 8, 1945.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:44.12,0:26:46.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The news gets to him in August.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:47.36,0:26:53.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Given that months go by\Nwhere he doesn't receive
Dialogue: 0,0:26:53.15,0:26:57.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,positive news,\Nhe feared for the lives of his parents.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:57.58,0:27:00.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Excuse me but if you permit me.\N- (Interviewer) Sure.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:00.05,0:27:07.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But before the communication\Nabout the deaths of his parents,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:07.56,0:27:14.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he received communication from Sweden\Nthat said his sister was saved.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:15.72,0:27:23.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then my aunt Yolanda Clara was part\Nof that group of prisoners
Dialogue: 0,0:27:23.15,0:27:27.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were moved\Nfrom Auschwitz in December 1944.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:27.100,0:27:33.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were moved west\Nso as not to leave a mass
Dialogue: 0,0:27:33.16,0:27:39.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of prisoners in Auschwitz,\Nbecause the Red Army was coming.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:40.41,0:27:49.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She was then liberated\Nin the north of Ravensbrück in April 1945.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:49.09,0:27:53.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She was then transferred\Nto Sweden to recover.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:53.54,0:27:59.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have said that at this point,\Nthe war had ended and Ettore and Adelina
Dialogue: 0,0:27:59.40,0:28:04.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,along with their children decide\Nto return to Italy.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:04.71,0:28:09.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How difficult was it once again to start\Nfrom scratch because they actually had
Dialogue: 0,0:28:09.23,0:28:10.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to start from scratch.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:10.29,0:28:12.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ah yes.\NIt was difficult.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:12.62,0:28:17.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My father's brother helped him\Nwith a job at his work in Sansepolcro.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:18.46,0:28:22.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He spoke with Mr. Marco Vittoni,\Nwho said:
Dialogue: 0,0:28:22.14,0:28:26.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I am willing to hire your brother\Nbecause he is a chemist.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:26.66,0:28:32.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also, I want a change\Nfor the company, etc."
Dialogue: 0,0:28:32.66,0:28:39.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when we arrived in Italy in May 1946,\Nwith a short stop in Bologna
Dialogue: 0,0:28:39.78,0:28:42.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then to Parma\Nwith my maternal grandparents,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:42.57,0:28:48.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then to Sansepolcro precisely\Nin November of 1946,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:49.22,0:28:51.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we had absolutely nothing.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:51.90,0:28:54.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there was nothing...\N(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:28:54.36,0:28:58.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}Without a doubt, a country in devastation.{\i0}\N- Yes, a country in devastation.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:58.51,0:29:03.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I remember the path with holes.\NI remember the Tower of Berta Square
Dialogue: 0,0:29:03.04,0:29:06.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a pile of ruins.\N- The Tower of Berta Square was destroyed.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:06.77,0:29:12.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I repeat, it was also a problem to eat.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:12.31,0:29:16.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I remember my dad rented\Na furnished apartment
Dialogue: 0,0:29:16.53,0:29:21.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Saint Claire Square\Nin which the conditions were really...
Dialogue: 0,0:29:21.91,0:29:24.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Insecure.\N- Very, very insecure.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:24.13,0:29:28.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, they were young\Nand they wanted to start over.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:28.71,0:29:36.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was my sister and myself.\NSo, they wanted to put a painful time
Dialogue: 0,0:29:36.21,0:29:39.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of their lives behind them and start over.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:39.55,0:29:44.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have previously already answered\Nthat there was resentment towards
Dialogue: 0,0:29:44.76,0:29:49.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that country that made them escape\Nand also towards those friends
Dialogue: 0,0:29:49.70,0:29:52.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that...\N- No.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:52.47,0:29:59.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had put down the idea of the...\N- No, absolutely not.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:59.02,0:30:02.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Other than it being something\Nthat is part of our DNA,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:02.69,0:30:09.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,resentment is useless.\NIt's best to move forward,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:09.94,0:30:17.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to have the will to start again\Nand to overcome difficulties.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:17.04,0:30:21.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not resentment.\NI never heard my father
Dialogue: 0,0:30:21.22,0:30:28.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nor my mother speak ill of Italians.\NYes, it was upsetting to have lost, right.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:29.27,0:30:30.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Interviewer talking)\N- Yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:30.70,0:30:36.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To having lost parents.\NTo having lost years of work.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:36.34,0:30:41.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My mom could not return to work\Nin Milan because there was no way
Dialogue: 0,0:30:41.77,0:30:42.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to find a home.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:44.52,0:30:52.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2011, Ettore Finzi's\Nand Adelina's epistolary was donated
Dialogue: 0,0:30:52.98,0:30:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the Pieve diary archives.\NIt's awarded the {\i1}Premio Pieve{\i0}.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:57.05,0:31:02.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First and foremost, how were you able\Nto find these letters again,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:02.94,0:31:06.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they were made public\Nby the decision of donating them.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:07.29,0:31:11.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My father died on June 18, 2002.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:12.36,0:31:20.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He lived in an apartment in Parma.\NIn August I was ready to let go of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:21.59,0:31:31.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By chance, I found a bag in his office,\Na leather one that held documents.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:31.96,0:31:37.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were letters inside\Nthis document holder.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:38.69,0:31:42.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there were two notebooks,\Nblack ones with a red border
Dialogue: 0,0:31:42.95,0:31:46.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were used in the past,\Nand inside was his diary.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:47.31,0:31:51.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I understood right away\Nbecause I have done historical research
Dialogue: 0,0:31:51.65,0:31:55.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for many years, so I understood\Nit was something interesting.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:56.01,0:31:59.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I found it strange\Nthat my father never told me anything,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:59.67,0:32:06.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because he didn't say to me:\N"Look, there are letters and diaries".
Dialogue: 0,0:32:06.65,0:32:10.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so I took them all to my house,\Nto my office and I left them there
Dialogue: 0,0:32:10.74,0:32:12.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for a year, a year and a half.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:13.34,0:32:16.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then I slowly began to read them\Nwith a bit of fear.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:17.47,0:32:21.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because with diaries and letters...\N- (Interviewer) One will find...
Dialogue: 0,0:32:21.70,0:32:26.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,always find something intimate.\NThen I think in my family,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:26.12,0:32:31.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nothing would ever be talked about.\NNo one had ever commented,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:31.57,0:32:35.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or made references.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:35.90,0:32:40.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then I gradually began\Nto transcribe these letters.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:40.14,0:32:43.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can't tell you how I did so,\Nbecause they were written...
Dialogue: 0,0:32:43.91,0:32:45.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Interviewer) {\i1}No doubt handwritten.{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:32:45.57,0:32:49.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, handwritten with a fountain pen,\Non tissue paper,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:49.34,0:32:51.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because back then it was airmail paper.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:52.18,0:32:58.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To sum up, it was a type of job\Nthat strained the eyes.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:59.59,0:33:05.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In any case, I did this transcription job\Nof the diary, of the letters, etc.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:05.46,0:33:08.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had the idea of publishing it.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:08.76,0:33:16.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The full version of this diary,\Nof these letters...
Dialogue: 0,0:33:17.30,0:33:22.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Um... Just to be certain...\NI was already collaborating
Dialogue: 0,0:33:22.76,0:33:26.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the diary archives\Nfor some time for my own research
Dialogue: 0,0:33:27.24,0:33:30.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the fields of Rinisce, Paganini, etc.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:31.03,0:33:35.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just to be certain,\NI went to Pieve Santo Stefano
Dialogue: 0,0:33:36.76,0:33:39.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I had the volume in hand.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:40.17,0:33:43.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was Cristina Cangi, who you will meet.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:43.95,0:33:46.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And she asked me:\N"What is it professor"?
Dialogue: 0,0:33:46.93,0:33:52.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"It's this work that I did".\N- "Why don't you submit it for the award"?
Dialogue: 0,0:33:52.93,0:33:57.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I say I really had not thought\Nabout wanting to publish it.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:58.04,0:34:04.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I start reading some interesting things\Nand then I submit it.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:04.96,0:34:09.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They asked me for the archive\Nand also for the letters,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:09.97,0:34:11.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I wasn't going to do that.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:11.78,0:34:17.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's possible\Nto read this publication
Dialogue: 0,0:34:17.01,0:34:19.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is titled {\i1}Transparenti{\i0},\Nin which the documentation
Dialogue: 0,0:34:19.61,0:34:23.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is presented\Nand published by {\i1}Il Mulino{\i0}.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:23.88,0:34:28.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our arrangement time has ended,\Nalthough we would like to talk for hours
Dialogue: 0,0:34:28.40,0:34:34.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about this story that is a bit similar,\Nby certain passages and elements,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:34.27,0:34:36.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the story\Nof many other families,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:36.90,0:34:41.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also of the province of Arezzo.\NPerhaps there will be a way
Dialogue: 0,0:34:41.57,0:34:46.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to talk more about it in the future.\NThank you Daniele Finzi.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:46.94,0:34:52.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks to all of you\Nwho have followed our episode,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:52.56,0:34:54.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a special episode\Nthat was made possible
Dialogue: 0,0:34:54.78,0:35:00.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in collaboration\Nwith The Archives of Pieve Santo Stefano.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:00.42,0:35:05.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I naturally thank The Archives.\NIn particular,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:05.44,0:35:08.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the archives\Nfor this episode were made available
Dialogue: 0,0:35:08.24,0:35:10.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by Nadia Frulli.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:10.63,0:35:15.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you to all of you\Nfor watching the program.