[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.26,0:00:10.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People from Here
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.30,0:00:17.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Welcome back to People from Here.\NWhat we want to tell you today
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.24,0:00:22.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the story of two young people,\Nof two young people with high hopes.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.80,0:00:27.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is Adelina,\Na brilliant lawyer who works
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.04,0:00:32.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at a prestigious legal firm in Milan.\NThen there is Ettore,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.26,0:00:36.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an industrial chemist.\NThe future can only smile
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.61,0:00:40.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,upon Adelina and Ettore.\NActually,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.17,0:00:46.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their future will be more turbulent\Nthank they could have ever imagined.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.64,0:00:53.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact,\Nin 1938 Ettore and Adelina are Jewish.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.70,0:01:00.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On September 18th,\Nfrom the balcony of Trieste's town hall,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.24,0:01:06.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Benito Mussolini announced\Nfor the first time the Racial Laws
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.32,0:01:08.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the defense of the race.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.53,0:01:16.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The world of those two young people\Nsuddenly collapses under their feet.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.15,0:01:22.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We will tell this story\Nabout Ettore and Adelina
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.72,0:01:27.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the eve of the day.\NWe will tell it with the son
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.19,0:01:31.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Ettore and Adelina,\NDaniele Finzi, who in 2011,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.13,0:01:38.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,decided to donate\Nhis parents letters and documents
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.10,0:01:42.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to The Archives of Pieve Santo Stefano.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.25,0:01:46.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Shortly we will also discuss why\Nthis choice was made.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.54,0:01:50.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now I would like to start\Nwith September 1938.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.99,0:01:58.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with Mussolini's announcement\Nof the laws for the defense of the race.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.20,0:02:02.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ettore and Adelina immediately started\Nto understand that there wasn't
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.62,0:02:05.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a future for them in that country.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.61,0:02:10.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Deciding to leave their country was\Na difficult decision,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.22,0:02:14.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a difficult decision,\Nbut one that will save their lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.17,0:02:25.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, my father Ettore Finzi was\Nvery knowledgable about history.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.32,0:02:29.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also because he knew German very well.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.85,0:02:34.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He had two aunts, aunt Genie\Nand aunt Lazigudita Gentiluomo,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.35,0:02:36.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who both lived in Vienna.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.58,0:02:45.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He had followed all\Nthe Nazi antisemitism up to March 1938.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.92,0:02:56.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when the Race Manifesto was published\Nin July 1938, he didn't expect it.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.05,0:03:02.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He knew what the contents were about\Nand he also hoped that Italy would be
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.78,0:03:06.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a little different from Germany.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.42,0:03:17.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And my father, more than my mother,\Nmade quick and immediate decisions.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.22,0:03:21.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was also very intuitive.\NHe had known my mom only a few months,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.68,0:03:25.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he returns\Nto these months in April 1938.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.94,0:03:32.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was love at first sight\Nand because of the Race Manifesto
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.78,0:03:35.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the Racial Laws,\Nthey decided to get married.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.61,0:03:39.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were married in Milan\Non December 1, 1938.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.03,0:03:43.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1938. We arrive in 1939.\N- Yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.87,0:03:46.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An ominous date for many.\N- Yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.46,0:03:49.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Very unjust, but there is a turning point.\N- There is a...
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.17,0:03:55.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ettore and Adelina decide to leave.\NOr rather, how do they depart?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.60,0:03:58.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because, in a sense,\Nthey leave informed.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.25,0:04:03.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes and no.\NThe problem is immediate
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.79,0:04:05.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that of money.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.20,0:04:13.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because the White Paper of the British,\Na policy from maybe February
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.89,0:04:22.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or March of 1939, \Nallowed a total of 75,000 Jews
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.62,0:04:27.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to enter Palestine for five years.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.55,0:04:33.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, to qualify to enter,\Nevery person needed to have 1,000 stars.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.04,0:04:36.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because, like we said, they had chosen.\N- To go to...
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.76,0:04:38.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The goal was Palestine.\N- Yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.63,0:04:43.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The choice was not a coincidence,\Nbecause my father had also thought
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.55,0:04:44.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about Latin America.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.20,0:04:50.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the idea of going \Nto Palestine was because it was nearby.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.95,0:04:53.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was from Trieste so it was close.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.98,0:04:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He also hoped his parents could join him.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.00,0:05:00.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In any case, \Nthe issue of money was really
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.85,0:05:04.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a huge problem\Nbecause they didn't have any.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.57,0:05:09.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, thanks to the lawyer Gianni Morandi,\Nwho was the owner of the firm
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.37,0:05:16.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where my mom worked,\Nthey went to Zurich for their honeymoon.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.48,0:05:21.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then they went to Lugano\Nto gather clients for the lawyer.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.65,0:05:26.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was to put towards this large sum.\NAnd I still remember two leather bags
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.62,0:05:32.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with thousands of little stars inside.\NThey were gold little stars.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.99,0:05:38.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At this point, they reach Palestine.\NA tangent here about Palestine.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.50,0:05:42.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The State of Israel still didn't exist.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.26,0:05:47.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There wasn't any money to protect them.\NTherefore, they had to start from scratch.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.21,0:05:52.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, and so, they started all over again\Nfrom January to April 1, 1939.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.99,0:05:57.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They arrived in Haifa on April 6th.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.46,0:06:05.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, because as of 1922,\Nthe British controlled Palestine.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.16,0:06:12.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were Palestinian Arabs.\NThe Jewish Palestinians were organized
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.74,0:06:20.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the {\i1}Yishuv{\i0}, who were more concerned\Nwith the {\i1}kibbutz{\i0} and wanted
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.84,0:06:24.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to dedicate themselves\Nto agriculture, etc.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.01,0:06:31.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the foundation, the political one,\Nwas led by the Arab agency.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.32,0:06:35.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Arab agency was, well,\NI'll give you an example.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.80,0:06:44.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They arrived in Tel Aviv on April 7th\Nand twenty days after,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.70,0:06:49.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were in school learning modern Hebrew\Nbecause there were various Jews
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.63,0:06:57.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Tel Aviv from every part of Europe.\NIt was necessary
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.52,0:07:02.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to learn this common language.\NSo, there was some organization,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.93,0:07:04.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there were a lot of problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.67,0:07:07.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In any case, where I mentally find...\N- Ah yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.29,0:07:10.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this small amount of protection.\NHowever, they had to start...
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.60,0:07:12.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, they had to restart.\N- from scratch.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.52,0:07:17.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the other hand, however,\Nthere was a lot of bitterness
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.64,0:07:20.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was left behind by the fact\Nof having to abandon...
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.70,0:07:22.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes.\N- Italy.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.63,0:07:26.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Having to leave Italy was stressful.\N- Yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.21,0:07:30.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In regard to this,\NI will also read an excerpt
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.65,0:07:34.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the letters\Nthat have been donated to the archive,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.36,0:07:43.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,diaries in which Ettore specifically tells\Nabout what he was feeling shortly after
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.34,0:07:48.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the time at which he abandoned Italy.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.52,0:07:52.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We will read this excerpt:\N"When I left Italy four months ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.39,0:07:57.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"feeling more disgusted by the burden\Nof having to leave the country
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.96,0:07:59.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"than for the imminent danger,\Nmany of my colleagues
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.75,0:08:02.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and friends were quick\Nto express to me their discontent
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.84,0:08:05.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"about what was happening.\NThrough their conversations,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.48,0:08:08.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I felt they knew what sympathy meant,\Nand they only ended up making me withdraw.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.23,0:08:14.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"They were whispered conversations solely\Nbecause they knew me
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.84,0:08:17.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and thought highly of me.\NFor many, being an example against
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.98,0:08:24.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"the persecution of Jews not being born\Nin Italy, could also be considered fair,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.41,0:08:26.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"because it is understood that they came\Nto the country to make a fortune
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.73,0:08:28.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"by going behind other's backs.\NThey had some expert political views.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.18,0:08:35.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The Fascist government's right\Nto persecute people that it had let into
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.47,0:08:36.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"the country was generally recognized."
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.91,0:08:40.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, so Ettore felt betrayed by Italy?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.35,0:08:45.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Without a doubt.\NAs I was saying prior,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.43,0:08:50.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also because my father was from Trieste.\NFrom his father, my grandfather,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.92,0:08:55.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he had also received an irredentist\Nand nationalist upbringing.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.98,0:09:00.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Trieste has always been divided\Nbetween people from Trieste
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.46,0:09:11.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and irredentists,\Nthose who love Italy, Italian culture,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.38,0:09:14.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Italian language,\Nlike my grandfather and the Slovenians.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.08,0:09:23.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He had received this upbringing,\Nand so he was an irredentist nationalist.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.21,0:09:29.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Additionally, he was a genius official,\Nand he felt like an Italian.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.37,0:09:35.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He loved Italy\Nand he felt betrayed by this terrible law.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.26,0:09:42.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In addition, in Ettore's letters,\Nin this text, it also highlights
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.55,0:09:47.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a responsibility\Nby the Italian people themselves
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.27,0:09:49.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for what was happening.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.64,0:09:51.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He writes:\N"The political maturity
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.51,0:09:54.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"of the Italian people\Nis apparently that of government rule
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.72,0:09:56.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"that it has and that it deserves."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.57,0:09:59.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is a precise responsibility\Nby the people.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.04,0:10:05.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, the Italian people's problem...\N(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.20,0:10:09.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is like saying living today like yesterday.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.100,0:10:13.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In other words,\Nthe lack of personal responsibility
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.97,0:10:24.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and accepting anything,\Nlike a leader or a guide,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.97,0:10:30.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that which has\Nan uglier appearance, if you will.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.78,0:10:34.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that Trieste...\NNot coincidentally Mussolini
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.33,0:10:39.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and September 18, 1938,\Nwhere they were
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.32,0:10:42.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the Unity of Italy Square\Nto present the Racial Laws.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.86,0:10:45.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not only because of\Nthe nationalism that was there,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.14,0:10:53.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but because Trieste was\Na very multiethnic, multicultural city.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.25,0:10:58.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were more than two centuries\Nin which ethnic groups were diverse.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.67,0:11:02.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They coexisted.\NBut at that very moment
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.60,0:11:08.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which Mussolini showed his cruelty\Ntowards Jews, who, I repeat,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.79,0:11:14.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were real Italians, and felt as such, \Nand had also fought
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.52,0:11:19.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for Italy during the First World War. \NAt the point, everyone was inclined
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.19,0:11:24.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to accept Fascist rule.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.18,0:11:30.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We return to Ettore and Adelina,\Nwho, because of their decisions,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.55,0:11:39.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leave the Second World War behind,\Nin which the persecution of Jews
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.58,0:11:43.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the holocaust is about to start.\NThey leave behind the errors of the war,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.06,0:11:50.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,however, like I said, they face a life\Nthat is not easy.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.57,0:11:55.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like we said,\NAdelina was a lawyer with a great career.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.70,0:12:00.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She finds herself having\Nto start her work up again.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.29,0:12:05.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, because the main difficulty was\Na work shortage.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.48,0:12:10.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was an excess of workers\N(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.30,0:12:14.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from Tel Aviv.\NAnd then, there were few jobs
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.01,0:12:18.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or they were completely insecure.\NAnother big problem was
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.26,0:12:21.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a housing shortage.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.61,0:12:26.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So much so that my parents were forced\Nto live with a Polish family
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.21,0:12:29.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in an apartment.\NAbove all,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:30.18,0:12:38.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the main difficulty was the work shortage.\NAlso because the two bags
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.43,0:12:43.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the two thousand stars were not\Nto be touched at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.39,0:12:44.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My father was not flexible.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.17,0:12:54.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My mom then, as long as my father remained\Nin Tel Aviv until August 23, 1944,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.42,0:12:58.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when he went to work\Nat the British oil refinery...
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.53,0:13:00.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Interviewer Talking)
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.58,0:13:03.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No, he was also with my mom\Nbecause they then had my sister first,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.48,0:13:09.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then I was born in 1942.\NSo when my father left,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.10,0:13:18.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he felt the obligation to work\Nto support the family.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.38,0:13:25.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He also liked the idea\Nof having money to freely spend.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.67,0:13:30.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As mentioned, your mother was free...\N- Yes, free.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.13,0:13:32.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Palestine.\N- Yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.31,0:13:36.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your father, on the other hand,\Nhad to move abroad to Persia
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.56,0:13:41.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because, meanwhile, he found work\Nwith an oil company.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.97,0:13:48.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So two lovers who find themselves\Nfar apart in a foreign land,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.35,0:13:53.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the only point of contact\Nbetween these two people becomes
Dialogue: 0,0:13:54.08,0:13:56.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the writing, the letters\Nthat will then become so important
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.85,0:14:00.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for documentation, for their memories.\N- Yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.37,0:14:05.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, if my father accepts\Nthis two year contract
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.04,0:14:13.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with this Iranian company,\Nfrom Abadan in Persia,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:13.43,0:14:17.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he would do his work\Nas an industrial chemist
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.54,0:14:24.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this precise military zone.\NOf course, he had to detach,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.96,0:14:28.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he had to leave his wife,\Nhis children in Tel Aviv.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.77,0:14:36.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, although very tired,\Nevery evening my mom wrote
Dialogue: 0,0:14:36.25,0:14:42.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and reported what had happened\Nduring her workday,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.84,0:14:47.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because she had found work\Nwith a company that was part
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.48,0:14:50.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the Tel Aviv pharmaceutical industry.\NAfter then being fired,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.100,0:14:59.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she went to work at a house to iron.\NSo, she could do anything.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.47,0:15:08.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She reported with great ability,\Ndescriptive, careful about everything
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.44,0:15:13.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that went on during the day.\NRather, my father sometimes wrote letters
Dialogue: 0,0:15:13.20,0:15:18.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with extensive description.\NHe explained to her a bit about his duty,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:18.74,0:15:22.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,weather problems because it was very hot,\Nrelationships with the British,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:22.90,0:15:27.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and with the local population\Nthat was in truly devastating conditions.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:28.12,0:15:31.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were letters that,\Namong other things...
Dialogue: 0,0:15:31.96,0:15:37.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you permit me a tangent.\NThey were things one absolutely knew
Dialogue: 0,0:15:37.77,0:15:41.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I didn't even know the letters existed.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:41.71,0:15:46.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then perhaps we can also elaborate\Non how they were found.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:46.71,0:15:50.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then also about how the decision\Nto publish them came about.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:50.94,0:15:54.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's go back.\NWe had said that while Ettore
Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.78,0:15:58.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Adelina were in Palestine,\Ntheir children were born.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:58.75,0:16:01.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, my sister...\N- You were born
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.82,0:16:02.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and your sister Ana was born.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:03.02,0:16:06.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is fitting that the future\Nof these two children was often focused
Dialogue: 0,0:16:06.99,0:16:10.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on in these letters that Ettore\Nand Adelina exchange.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:10.95,0:16:14.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would like to read another\Nparticularly significant passage
Dialogue: 0,0:16:14.34,0:16:22.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is again written by Ettore\Nin Abadan in February 23, 1945:
Dialogue: 0,0:16:23.14,0:16:26.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"If on one hand, the war tends\Nto be nearing its end, on the other,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:26.78,0:16:30.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"for us, the situation in Palestine\Nis taking a favorable turn.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:30.19,0:16:34.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"These days, I am overthinking\Nand continuously thinking
Dialogue: 0,0:16:34.29,0:16:38.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"about the problem and worried,\Nnot so much about our personal future,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:38.59,0:16:42.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"but the future of our children.\NI feel irresistibly taken towards
Dialogue: 0,0:16:42.35,0:16:45.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"a solution that,\Nalthough never once explored,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:46.06,0:16:49.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"today seems inevitable to me.\NPerhaps in a year's time we will find
Dialogue: 0,0:16:49.79,0:16:55.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"the need to have to return to Italy.\NThen they will become
Dialogue: 0,0:16:55.20,0:16:56.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"one hundred percent Italians."
Dialogue: 0,0:16:56.97,0:17:04.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Probably if your father could have chosen,\Nhe would have never wanted
Dialogue: 0,0:17:04.57,0:17:05.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to return to Italy.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:05.75,0:17:08.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, I would not have wanted to also.\NQuite the opposite,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:09.60,0:17:17.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of having been betrayed by Italy,\Nmy father deeply desired to return to Italy.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:18.02,0:17:21.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Apart from the experience in Abadan,\Nalso because life
Dialogue: 0,0:17:21.57,0:17:27.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Palestine was truly very hard,\Nvery difficult because of the work problem,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:28.46,0:17:37.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the problem of the lack of apartments.\NHowever, we can't forget
Dialogue: 0,0:17:37.89,0:17:43.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the attention\Nfrom the Palestinian Arabs
Dialogue: 0,0:17:43.21,0:17:47.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the British made life difficult.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:48.24,0:17:52.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we could return back in time...\N- Yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:53.21,0:18:02.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In September 1940, Tel Aviv was bombed\Nby Italian planes, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:02.87,0:18:06.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes.\N- They bombed Tel Aviv and it seems
Dialogue: 0,0:18:07.12,0:18:10.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like there were one hundred\Nand fifty two deaths.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:10.93,0:18:14.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So life was very hard.\NAnother tangent.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:15.12,0:18:21.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean,\None of the big problems was also food.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:22.11,0:18:26.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, my sister and I went\Nto the {\i1}gan{\i0}, which was like kindergarten.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:27.16,0:18:33.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To help you understand, at lunch they used\Nto give us half an egg to eat.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:33.78,0:18:37.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the other hand,\Nwhile facing this situation,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:38.28,0:18:45.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the hope of returning\Nto Italy continuously remained.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:46.09,0:18:49.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And how did Adelina live\Nwith the hope of returning?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:49.95,0:18:55.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I will read another significant passage:\N"I will never ask those taking that step.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:55.55,0:18:59.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Here I feel undoubtedly hesitant\Nby instinct and by force of tradition.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:59.88,0:19:03.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"And I won't ever ask myself,\Nnot only out of obedience,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:04.12,0:19:06.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"but because more than anything else,\NI am concerned
Dialogue: 0,0:19:06.83,0:19:10.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"about doing everything possible\Nfor the future of our children."
Dialogue: 0,0:19:10.87,0:19:14.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's like saying,\Nshe was also willing to do her part.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:14.89,0:19:18.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was a sense of pride\Nto return to Italy,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:18.80,0:19:22.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that country that had dismissed them,\Nin order to guarantee
Dialogue: 0,0:19:22.40,0:19:24.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a future for you children.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:24.38,0:19:28.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then here there is a...\N(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:19:28.58,0:19:31.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are many letters.\NIn any case, when my father says
Dialogue: 0,0:19:31.84,0:19:34.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they will become\None hundred percent Italians,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:34.64,0:19:43.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he also proposes to my mom\Nthe idea of converting to Catholicism,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:44.08,0:19:46.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we were Jews.\N- (Interviewer) Of course.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:46.63,0:19:55.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Meanwhile, the Finzi from Trieste were\Nalmost completely assimilated.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:55.48,0:19:58.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is to say,\Nthey went to the temple twice a year.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:59.02,0:20:04.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead, my mom was\Nfrom a much more orthodox family,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:04.39,0:20:10.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They came from the Parrdo,\Na very important Iberian family.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:10.82,0:20:18.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Parrdo which used to be Prado.\NThey came from Spain after the expulsion.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:19.05,0:20:25.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So my father proposes this idea\Nof converting to Catholicism
Dialogue: 0,0:20:25.54,0:20:30.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order for his children...\N- To become...
Dialogue: 0,0:20:31.20,0:20:34.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, to become entirely Italian,\Neven as a religion.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:34.99,0:20:39.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However my mom... Here it says\Nthat she was reluctant.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:39.57,0:20:46.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not because she was personally orthodox,\Nbut because, in that moment when
Dialogue: 0,0:20:46.96,0:20:51.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was known what was happening\Nin Europe, the extermination camps
Dialogue: 0,0:20:51.68,0:20:55.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or another difficult situation,\Nthey absolutely didn't know
Dialogue: 0,0:20:56.12,0:21:00.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where my paternal\Nand maternal grandparents were.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:00.91,0:21:08.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, however, the news arrived\Neven betraying the origin and...
Dialogue: 0,0:21:09.00,0:21:12.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was quite heavy.\N- Yes, very heavy.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:12.85,0:21:17.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By the way, how did the news\Nabout the war arrive meanwhile
Dialogue: 0,0:21:17.24,0:21:22.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it continued in Europe?\NWas there just an awareness
Dialogue: 0,0:21:22.60,0:21:25.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of what was happening?\NWas there an awareness
Dialogue: 0,0:21:25.74,0:21:29.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the existence\Nof the extermination camps?
Dialogue: 0,0:21:30.13,0:21:32.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes.\N- Above all, how did they live
Dialogue: 0,0:21:32.43,0:21:33.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with these dual feelings?\NBecause, on the one hand,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:34.13,0:21:37.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was this hope\Nof being able to return one day
Dialogue: 0,0:21:37.51,0:21:40.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a normal life in Italy.\NOn the other hand, however,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:40.39,0:21:44.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was a lot of fear\Nalso for the fate of loved ones.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:44.36,0:21:46.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They knew everything.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:47.02,0:21:52.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Both about the Jewish agency\Nand the British.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:52.46,0:22:02.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The news arrived quite detailed.\NI don't want to forget a noteworthy group
Dialogue: 0,0:22:03.09,0:22:09.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of young Jews that were part\Nof the Jewish brigade.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:09.78,0:22:15.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They fought alongside the British\Nand they also fought in Italy,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:15.72,0:22:22.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then in all of Europe.\NThey were the ones who said
Dialogue: 0,0:22:22.35,0:22:27.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they gave very detailed news\Nof what was happening.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:28.05,0:22:34.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, they knew about everything\Nthat was coming to Italy and Europe.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:34.37,0:22:43.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The concerns were\Nabout my paternal grandparents,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:44.02,0:22:48.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those who later died in Auschwitz,\Nthat they didn't...
Dialogue: 0,0:22:48.18,0:22:55.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The last official news was transmitted\Nby a type of telegram of the Red Cross
Dialogue: 0,0:22:55.94,0:23:01.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in July of 1943.\NMy father knew absolutely nothing.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:02.14,0:23:09.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My mom didn't know.\NShe knew that her parents were hidden.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:09.27,0:23:14.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Her brother was in Switzerland.\NBut they had absolutely no news.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:14.62,0:23:21.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They couldn't say or write anything\Nbecause the mail was altered.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:22.60,0:23:30.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Outgoing and incoming mail was altered.\NI found that at least some details
Dialogue: 0,0:23:31.13,0:23:37.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the letters had been deleted precisely\Nby the person that did the alterations.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:37.37,0:23:40.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, my father needed to be careful\Nbecause they were altered by the British.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:41.19,0:23:45.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were altered by the Persians.\NThen they were altered on arrival
Dialogue: 0,0:23:45.72,0:23:47.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Palestine.\NSo, they were...
Dialogue: 0,0:23:47.47,0:23:50.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this situation,\Nthey also found themselves in a state
Dialogue: 0,0:23:50.95,0:23:56.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of uncertainty being far from Europe,\Nfar from what was happening in Europe,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:56.32,0:23:58.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,far from the war.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:58.92,0:24:13.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For a moment, Adelina perhaps had hoped\Nthat her family would have an advantage
Dialogue: 0,0:24:13.61,0:24:17.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over the immense tragedy\Nthat afflicted the Jews of Europe,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:18.04,0:24:21.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they would all find themselves\Nreunited upon their return.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:21.74,0:24:23.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was almost this illusion, this hope.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:24.07,0:24:28.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hope is often the last idea.\NThere was hope.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:29.00,0:24:38.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They didn't have detailed news.\NMy father's brother was a doctor
Dialogue: 0,0:24:38.47,0:24:48.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who lived in Bologna\Nin the mountains of Monghidoro.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:49.15,0:24:55.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He knew\Nthat his parents had been arrested,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:55.47,0:24:59.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they had been deported.\NHowever, he had not communicated anything.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:59.39,0:25:05.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even though, hypothetically they went\Nto Auschwitz, there could have always been
Dialogue: 0,0:25:06.04,0:25:11.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the hope of returning.\NTherefore, they hoped.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:11.89,0:25:15.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unfortunately, however,\Nthe terrible news was that they arrived.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:15.92,0:25:19.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They arrived in Palestine while\Nthe war by now...
Dialogue: 0,0:25:20.18,0:25:22.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was over.\N- By now it was over.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:22.28,0:25:26.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And like you said,\Nthe terrible news arrived by mail.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:26.42,0:25:31.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,News so terrible\Nthat Adelina cannot even transcribe them
Dialogue: 0,0:25:31.53,0:25:34.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a letter to Ettore.\NShe writes:
Dialogue: 0,0:25:34.44,0:25:38.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"My dear, unfortunately,\Nthe dreary news has arrived.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:38.41,0:25:40.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I am sending you the letter\Nbecause I don't have the courage
Dialogue: 0,0:25:40.71,0:25:42.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"to write to you\Nabout it with my own pen."
Dialogue: 0,0:25:42.66,0:25:46.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's terrible.\NUnfortunately, they were reactions
Dialogue: 0,0:25:46.94,0:25:51.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to what had just happened\Nin the war in Europe.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:51.73,0:25:55.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In a communication letter separate\Nfrom the international cross.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:55.98,0:25:59.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe in that exact moment Ettore\Nand Adelina understood
Dialogue: 0,0:25:59.50,0:26:03.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what they had escaped from?
Dialogue: 0,0:26:03.55,0:26:08.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes without a doubt.\NI will also tell you
Dialogue: 0,0:26:09.10,0:26:14.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that when my father had\Nthe idea of going to Palestine,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:14.36,0:26:19.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everyone criticized him;\Nfriends, parents, brothers, the sister,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:19.92,0:26:24.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they said\Nthat he was always pessimistic.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:25.24,0:26:31.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He would rather have wanted them all\Nto also come with him.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:31.58,0:26:43.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, he expected it, also because\Nthe war in Europe ended on May 8, 1945.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:44.22,0:26:50.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The news gets to him in August.\NGiven that months go by
Dialogue: 0,0:26:51.10,0:26:57.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where he doesn't receive positive news,\Nhe feared for the lives of his parents.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:57.67,0:27:00.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Excuse me but if you permit me.\N- (Interviewer) Of course.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:00.73,0:27:07.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But before the communication\Nabout the deaths of his parents,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:07.80,0:27:15.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he received communication from Sweden\Nthat said his sister was saved.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:15.42,0:27:23.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then my aunt Yolanda Clara was part\Nof that group of prisoners
Dialogue: 0,0:27:23.43,0:27:28.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were moved\Nfrom Auschwitz in December 1944.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:28.31,0:27:32.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were moved west\Nso as not to leave a mass
Dialogue: 0,0:27:32.32,0:27:38.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of prisoners in Auschwitz,\Nbecause the Red Army was coming.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:39.09,0:27:49.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She was then liberated\Nin the north of Ravensbrück in April 1945.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:49.40,0:27:53.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She was then transferred\Nto Sweden to recover.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:53.44,0:27:59.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have said that at this point,\Nthe war had ended and Ettore and Adelina
Dialogue: 0,0:27:59.40,0:28:04.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,along with their children decide\Nto return to Italy.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:04.87,0:28:08.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How difficult was it once again to start\Nfrom scratch because they actually had
Dialogue: 0,0:28:09.19,0:28:10.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to start from scratch.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:10.72,0:28:12.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ah yes.\NIt was difficult.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:12.58,0:28:17.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My father's brother,\Nwho had worked in Sansepolcro,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:17.32,0:28:20.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,helped him get a job at his work.\NHe spoke with Mr. Marco Vittoni
Dialogue: 0,0:28:21.10,0:28:25.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he said he was quite willing\Nto hire his brother
Dialogue: 0,0:28:25.32,0:28:30.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because he was a chemist.\NMr. Vittoni wanted a change of pace
Dialogue: 0,0:28:30.62,0:28:38.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for his company.\NBut when we arrived in Italy in May 1946,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:38.27,0:28:41.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a short stop in Bologna\Nand then to Parma at the home
Dialogue: 0,0:28:41.76,0:28:45.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of my maternal grandparents,\Nand then to Sansepolcro precisely
Dialogue: 0,0:28:45.50,0:28:51.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in November of 1946,\Nwe had absolutely nothing.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:51.90,0:28:54.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there was nothing...\N(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:28:54.72,0:28:58.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Without a doubt, a country in devastation.\N- Yes, a country in devastation.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:58.81,0:29:03.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I remember the path with holes.\NI remember the Tower of Berta Square
Dialogue: 0,0:29:03.100,0:29:06.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a pile of ruins.\N- The Tower of Berta Square was destroyed.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:06.87,0:29:16.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I repeat, it was also a problem to eat.\NI remember my father rented
Dialogue: 0,0:29:17.27,0:29:19.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a furnished apartment\Nin Saint Claire Square
Dialogue: 0,0:29:19.80,0:29:22.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which the conditions were...\N- Insecure.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:23.07,0:29:26.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Very, very insecure.\NHowever, they were young
Dialogue: 0,0:29:26.22,0:29:31.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they wanted to start over.\NThere was my sister and myself.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:31.49,0:29:39.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, they wanted to put a painful time\Nof their lives behind them and start over.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:39.65,0:29:44.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have previously already answered\Nthat there was resentment towards
Dialogue: 0,0:29:44.41,0:29:49.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that country that made them escape\Nand also towards those friends
Dialogue: 0,0:29:49.86,0:29:52.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that...\N- No.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:52.64,0:29:58.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had put down the idea of the...\N- No, absolutely not.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:58.57,0:30:02.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Other than it being something\Nthat is part of our DNA,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:02.95,0:30:10.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,resentment is useless.\NIt's best to move forward,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:10.95,0:30:17.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to have the will to start again\Nand to overcome difficulties.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:17.42,0:30:21.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not resentment.\NI never heard my father
Dialogue: 0,0:30:21.60,0:30:29.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nor my mother speak ill of Italians.\NYes, it was upsetting to have lost.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:29.52,0:30:36.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To having lost parents.\NTo having lost years of work.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:36.65,0:30:40.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My mom could not return to work\Nin Milan because there was no way
Dialogue: 0,0:30:40.68,0:30:42.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to find a home.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:43.21,0:30:52.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2011, Ettore Finzi's\Nand Adelina's epistolary was donated
Dialogue: 0,0:30:53.14,0:30:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the Pieve diary archives.\NIt's awarded the {\i1}Premio Pieve{\i0}.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:57.15,0:31:02.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First and foremost, how were you able\Nto find these letters again,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:03.05,0:31:06.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they were made public\Nby the decision of donating them.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:06.59,0:31:11.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My father died on June 18, 2002.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:11.87,0:31:20.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He lived in an apartment in Parma.\NIn August I was ready to let go of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:21.57,0:31:31.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By chance, I found a bag in his office,\Na leather one that held documents.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:32.10,0:31:37.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were letters inside\Nthis document holder.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:38.90,0:31:43.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there were two notebooks,\Nblack ones with a red border
Dialogue: 0,0:31:43.30,0:31:46.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were used in the past,\Nand inside were his diaries.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:47.10,0:31:52.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I understood right away\Nbecause I have done historical research
Dialogue: 0,0:31:52.55,0:31:55.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for many years, so I understood\Nit was something interesting.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:56.32,0:31:59.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I found it strange\Nthat my father never told me anything,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:00.00,0:32:05.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because he didn't say to me\Nthat there were letters and diaries.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:06.40,0:32:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so I took them all to my house,\Nto my office and I left them there
Dialogue: 0,0:32:10.96,0:32:15.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for a year, a year and a half.\NThen I slowly began to read them
Dialogue: 0,0:32:16.01,0:32:17.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a bit of fear.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:17.77,0:32:22.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because with diaries and letters...\N- One will find...
Dialogue: 0,0:32:22.42,0:32:25.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,always find something intimate.\NThen I think in my family,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:25.97,0:32:31.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nothing would ever be talked about.\NNo one had ever commented,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:31.84,0:32:37.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or made references.\NThen I gradually began
Dialogue: 0,0:32:38.09,0:32:42.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to transcribe these letters.\NI can't tell you how I did so,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:42.57,0:32:45.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they were truly written...\N- Strictly handwritten.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:45.60,0:32:50.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, handwritten with a fountain pen,\Non tissue paper, because back then
Dialogue: 0,0:32:50.91,0:32:56.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was airmail paper.\NIt was a type of job
Dialogue: 0,0:32:56.84,0:33:02.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that strained the eyes.\NIn any case, I did this transcription job
Dialogue: 0,0:33:02.96,0:33:08.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the diary, of the letters, etc.\NI had the idea of publishing it.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:08.86,0:33:16.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The full version of this diary,\Nof these letters...
Dialogue: 0,0:33:16.64,0:33:24.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had already collaborated\Nwith the diary archives
Dialogue: 0,0:33:24.99,0:33:35.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for some time for my research.\NIn any case, just to be certain,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:35.49,0:33:39.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I went to Pieve Santo Stefano\Nand I had this volume in hand.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:39.99,0:33:46.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was Cristina Cangi, who you will meet.\NShe asked me:
Dialogue: 0,0:33:46.78,0:33:49.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What is it professor?"\N- "It's this work that I did."
Dialogue: 0,0:33:49.57,0:33:52.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Why don't you submit if for the award."
Dialogue: 0,0:33:53.00,0:33:57.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I say I really had not thought\Nabout wanting to publish it.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:57.54,0:34:05.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I start reading some interesting things\Nand then I submit it.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:05.54,0:34:10.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They asked me for the archive\Nand also for the letters,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:10.23,0:34:11.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I wasn't going to do that.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:12.09,0:34:17.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I remember that it's possible\Nto read this publication
Dialogue: 0,0:34:17.20,0:34:21.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is titled "Transparent",\Nin which the documentation
Dialogue: 0,0:34:21.55,0:34:24.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is presented\Nand published by Il Mulino.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:24.23,0:34:29.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our arrangement time has ended,\Nalthough we would like to talk for hours
Dialogue: 0,0:34:29.19,0:34:34.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about this story that is a bit,\Nby certain passages and elements,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:34.30,0:34:36.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,similar to the story\Nof many other families,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:36.84,0:34:41.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also of the province of Arezzo.\NPerhaps there will be a way
Dialogue: 0,0:34:41.95,0:34:46.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to talk more about it in the future.\NThank you Daniele Finzi.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:47.11,0:34:52.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks to all of you\Nwho have followed our episode,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:53.02,0:34:55.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a special episode\Nthat has been made possible
Dialogue: 0,0:34:55.56,0:35:00.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in collaboration\Nwith The Archives of Pieve Santo Stefano.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:00.73,0:35:04.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I naturally thank you as well.\NIn particular,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:04.46,0:35:09.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the archives\Nfor this episode were made available
Dialogue: 0,0:35:09.88,0:35:12.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by Nadia Frulli.\NThank you to all of you
Dialogue: 0,0:35:12.75,0:35:15.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for watching the program.